What is surgery | Types of surgical operations

The concept of “surgical operation” is an adaptation of the Russian Greek word, which literally means “I rub with my hand.” Since the days of ancient Greece, many fates have passed, and today's surgical operation involves cutting living tissue, during which the function of the entire organism is adjusted. During the operation, tissues are separated, moved and reconnected.

History of nutrition

The first mysteries about surgical procedures date back to the 6th century BC. e. From the beginning of the century, people noticed bleeding, looked at wounds and saw fragmentation or gangrene at the end. Historians of medicine know that long before our time, the ancient healers were able to perform trephination of the skull, soften broken brushes and remove burnt hair.

All experts in the history of medicine have a long-standing saying about the fact that in the arsenal of a doctor there is a knife, grass and a word. From ancient times to the present day, its analogues, obviously, are in the first place. Operation is the most radical method of treatment that allows a person to get rid of illness in the future. Surgery was developed more than others by Hippocrates, Galen and Celsus.

The most famous Russian surgeon was Mikola Ivanovich Pirogov, whose tomb is carefully preserved near Vinnytsia. The relatives of those whom they cherished and fought through death are still watching mercilessly behind the great mark. If a great surgeon helped his patients without payment, they will remember him to this day. Pirogov removed the chewing fur in 40 seconds, and his brushes can be used in the tomb - with long and thin fingers.

Pain or anesthesia

Whether there is an operation or not, there is pain ahead of us. Living tissue reacts with spasm and reduced blood circulation, which is the most important task during surgical treatment. We have received historical information about those that our ancestors used for the treatment of illness: the use of raspberries, narcotic drugs, alcohol, marijuana, cold and crushed vessels.

A breakthrough in surgery occurred in the mid-nineteenth century when nitrous oxide, diethyl ether, and chloroform were used. At about this hour I became stiff. Three years later, surgeons fell in love with cocaine from the sense that this speech pains the local tissues. Vicious cocaine can be administered with the cob of local - conductive and infiltration - anesthesia.

Until the middle of the last century, there will be a rise in muscle relaxants or drugs that can help treat muscle relaxants. From now on, anesthesiology was seen as a medical science as a specialty inextricably linked with surgery.

Suchasna operation is a complex of techniques from various fields of medicine. We can kindly say that this is a synthesis of the knowledge accumulated by medicine.

Surgical operation: types of surgery

The classification of operations is based on the nature of the delivery, terms and stages.

Depending on the nature of the operation, it can be radical, symptomatic or palliative.

A radical operation is a complete elimination of the pathological process. The classic butt is a model of a scorched worm-like sprout with acute appendicitis.

Symptomatic – this is the most severe sign of illness. For example, in case of rectal cancer, independent defecation is impossible, and the surgeon removes the healthy part of the rectum to the anterior vernal wall. It is important to see the puffiness of the patient immediately or later. To what extent do palliatives come into being, which also result in various complexities.

Terminova and planned operation

Sometimes the patient requires a terminus surgical operation. Types of emergency operations are concluded as soon as possible, they are necessary for the recovery of life. This includes tracheotomy or conicotomy to improve the permeability of respiratory passages, emptying in case of life-threatening hemothorax and others.

The term operation can be extended for up to 48 years. The butt is a nirk ring, a stone in a sechovod. If the patient is not able to “create” the stone under conservative treatment, then it is necessary to remove it through the operative route.

The planned operation is completed when there are no other ways to improve my health, and there is no longer a direct threat to life. For example, such a surgical operation is the removal of an enlarged vein in case of chronic venous insufficiency. We also plan to remove brushes and good fluff.

Surgery: types of operations, stages of surgery

In addition to what has been said, the operation can be one or more step-by-step. In a number of stages, reconstruction of organs may take place after surgeries or injuries, and transplantation of a skin valve to repair tissue defects.

Any operation consists of 3 stages: determination of surgical access, surgical approach and exit. Access - this is due to the presence of a painful rot, the tissues need to be removed for approach. The input is the process of removing and moving the fabrics, and the output is the sewing of all fabrics by the ball.

The operation on the skin has its own peculiarities. Thus, surgical operation on the cerebrum most often involves craniotomy, so to access the cerebrum it is necessary to open the cystic plate.

At the surgical exit stage, vessels, nerves, parts of empty organs, meat, fascia and skin are brought together. All at once there is a post-operative wound, which makes it necessary to carefully look at the wound.

How to change the trauma to the body?

This nutrition benefits surgeons all the time. There are operations that, due to their traumatic nature, can be equal to the illness itself. On the right is that the body is not built on the skin and it’s good to get back from the grooming, which was removed under the hour of prompt delivery. At the sites of the cuts, hernias, suppuration, and large scars develop that cannot be removed, disrupting the functions of the organ. In addition, stitches may come apart or bleeding may occur from injured vessels.

All this complexity requires surgeons to reduce the size of the incision to a possible minimum.

Thus, a special branch of surgery is micro-invasive, when a small incision is made on the skin and flesh, into which endoscopic equipment is introduced.

Endoscopic surgery

This is a special surgical operation. You can see the stages in it are different. In this case, it is extremely important to accurately diagnose illness.

The surgeon enters through a small incision or puncture made under the skin of the organ and tissue, and through a video camera placed on the endoscope. There are also manipulators and small tools: tongs, loops and clamps, which are used to remove ailments from tissue or other organs.

They began to become massively vikorists from the other half of the last century.

Bloodless surgery

This is a method of preserving the patient’s moist blood during the surgical procedure. This method is most often used in cardiac surgery. During operations on the heart, the patient’s blood is collected through an extracorporeal circuit, which helps maintain blood flow throughout the entire body. After the operation is completed, the blood returns to its natural course.

Such a surgical operation is a very complicated process. Types of operations, stages are assigned to a specific body. This approach eliminates blood loss and the need to obtain donor blood. Such delivery has become possible in the field of surgery and transfusiology - the science of transfusion of donor blood.

Someone else's blood is not just a problem, but also foreign antibodies, viruses and other foreign components. However, the latest preparation of donor blood does not always eliminate negative effects.

Judicial surgery

This branch of emergency surgery has helped to relieve homeless people. The principle is simple - improvement of blood circulation in problem vessels. In case of atherosclerosis, heart attacks and injuries, the flow of blood becomes disrupted. This threatens sour starvation and, as a result, the death of cells and tissues that form them.

There are two ways to restore blood flow: installing a stent or a shunt.

A stent is a metal frame that opens the walls of the vessel and prevents spasm. The stent is installed if the walls of the vessels are well preserved. A stent is more often inserted in young patients.

If the walls of the vessels are damaged by an atherosclerotic process or chronic inflammation, it is no longer possible to remove them. And here they create a bypass or shunt for the blood. To do this, take a piece of the venous vein and let the blood flow through it, kneading the unwanted area.

Shunt vanity for beauty

This is a common surgical operation, photos of people who have undergone it flash on the sides of newspapers and magazines. We are used to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes. Resentment has become associated with chronic transmissions. During the operation, a small boat is formed from the section of the scuttle that is between the drainage channel, so that it can hold no more than 50 ml of liquid. Until then, the small intestine arrives. The twelve-foot intestine and the intestine that follows it continue to share the same fate as the over-poisoned hedgehogs, as the whole plot ends up lower.

After such an operation, the patient can live a little and spend up to 80% of the total amount of money. A special diet is required, rich in protein and vitamins. In this case, such an operation effectively changes life, even for patients who manage to stretch the moldings of a piece of a piece that is not too large.

Surgical diva

Modern technologies make it possible to do the right thing. News flashes with information about unexpected gifts that ended in success. So, just recently, Spanish surgeons from Malaga performed a patient’s brain surgery, while playing the same grave that was being operated on, on a saxophone.

French doctors have started tissue transplantation since 2005. Following them, cleft-facial surgeons from all over the world began to transplant the skin and flesh onto other parts of the body, for ongoing treatment after injuries and accidents.

Surgical instruments are buried in the womb. Descriptions of the fall, when the fetus pulled out from the empty uterus, bulges appeared, and the fetus turned back. Narodzhena immediately brought to term a healthy baby - the best surgeon in the world.

Science or mysticism?

It is important to be clear about your nutrition. A surgical operation is a fusion of knowledge, evidence and the special abilities of the surgeon. One is afraid to go to prison, the other is afraid to do everything possible and impossible with the luggage that may be present at the moment.

The reinstated Nobel Prize in surgery was awarded in 1912 to the Frenchman Alexis Carrel for his work on the suture, and since then, over 100 years of surgical achievements have not detracted from Nobel's interest committee. However, there are technologies that radically improve the results of surgery. Thus, laser surgery, which is developing at a rapid pace, makes it possible to remove interspinal hernias through critical incisions, “vivaporate” prostate adenoma, and “single” thyroid bones. The absolute sterility of lasers and their ability to cook vessels give the surgeon the ability to treat silent illnesses.

Today, a qualified surgeon is called not for the number of years and bonuses, but for the number of patients and healthy patients.

Surgery is one of the most labor-intensive, complex and specialized branches of medicine. This specialty includes carrying out operational procedures of various complexity. How to structure this sphere of activity? What are the characteristics of a career?

Average salary: 40,000 rubles per month

Demand

Payability

Competition

Entrance bar

Prospects

The surgeon is responsible for his high medical awareness, which in the way of performing the operation saves the patient from the consequences of injury and treats a lot of pathologies, which cannot be treated conservatively ї therapy. Let's take a look at the particularities of the profession, who should be suitable and how much will need to be taken into account in order to become a surgeon. We also need to pay for the doctor’s work with golden hands.

History

The founder of surgery is considered to be Hippocrates, who wrote an entire treatise, first focusing on the topics of septic conditions, the study of the treatment of tears and fractures. It should be noted that many modern doctors are not suited to such an arrangement of priorities, since about the earlier origin of this profession, they tell riddles in ancient writings about performing craniotomy in In ancient Egypt, information about the origin of the first instruments in India and Avicenna's talk about anatomical work.

In the middle ages, regardless of the defense of the church, in the galusa of the radical method of celebration, the following achievements were noted:

The Italian Lucca established the first anesthesia, in which the patient inhaled steam and was not tired, not feeling pain;
Bruno de Langoburgo described the difference between the primary and secondary wounds.

In the era of the Renaissance, the development of medical science took surgery to a new level:

the Swiss physician Paracelsus supplied a medicinal plant for the treatment of wounds;
Ambroise Paire Vinaisov squeezed with the method the spots of bleeding and confirmed the methods of bandaging vessels, as Celsus spoke about in the 1st century;
W. Harvey described the principles of blood circulation from a small stake to a large stake.

Later, surgery developed rapidly. The basis for progress was topographical knowledge, inheritance and description of corpses. The first operations were performed for the removal of mammary papillae, the removal of honey hair, and osteoplasty of the foot (N. I. Pirogov). But the most important breakthrough in science and practice began later, when the concepts of asepsis and antiseptics were introduced. Blood began to be transfused, with knowledge about these groups, and most importantly, anesthesia and the science of anesthesiology appeared.

Unvalued contributions to modern surgery were made by Russian doctors:

F.I. Foreigners (19th century). Pratsyuvav together with M.I. Pirogov, covering the position of the professor at the University of Moscow, presenting anatomy and surgery.
N. St. Sklifosofsky (19-20 centuries). Having started as students in Kiev, St. Petersburg and Moscow, he became involved in the treatment of wounds, cutting and medical instruments during surgery.
A. A. Bobrov. Having put to sleep the Moscow school of surgeons, having developed a system of techniques for hanging the cervix and grizhi.
N. A. Velyaminov, academician. Mav impersonal publication of various types of pathology and their treatment. He is respected as the founder of the first Swedish aid.
P.I. Tikhonov, professor. Having developed surgery in Siberia, Vinaysh’s method of transplanting a duct at the lumen of the large intestine.

Description of the profession

The profession of a surgeon is already popular and significant in the world. They have a high probability of living far away from people. The development of science has made it possible to create complex products that generate knowledge and work with high-precision technology.

A doctor-surgeon can trade with the following licentious deposits:

polyclinic;
hospital;
sanatorium;
dispensary;
emergency room;
private office and clinic;
medical school;
scientific organization;
service to the priest;
Ministry of National Security;
Viyskova part;
Sports organizations.

It is your job to carry out radical, palliative and diagnostic operations. Stinks can also be emergency (if the patient’s condition is critical and requires urgent treatment) and planned (occurs after advanced preparation). Surgeons are in close contact with anesthesiologists, assistants (younger colleagues) and supervise the work of the nursing staff.

Specialties, universities and subjects ЄДІ

To select a specialty:

Enter the university, start 6 years of study, then successfully study, test and interview with a committee of professors and associate professors for the specialty “Pediatrics on the right” or “Pediatrics”.
Perform one visit to the clinic or at an outpatient appointment.
Enter into residency for two years in the specialty “Surgery” and complete it.

A surgeon may specialize in one of the following areas:

Neurosurgery(celebration of all sickness of the brain and spinal cord).
Plastic. Elimination of problems of an aesthetic nature.
Cardiosurgery. Operations on the heart for congenital and swollen veins; renewal of coronary blood flow through stenting, shunting; Invasive types of diagnostics
Sudinna. The surgeon's work involves the operated veins and arteries.
Abdominal. Fahivets usually suffer from such pathologies as appendicitis, peritonitis, perforated tract, bleeding of internal organs, neoplasms, intestinal necrosis, stones from the biliary ducts.
Shchelepno-Litsyova. In case of anomalies, it helps the development of skull bones and fissures, soothes the remains of injuries, and removes putrefactive wounds.
Thorakalna. The surgeon diagnoses problems with the leg (tumors, calcification, foreign body of the fissures, as well as purulent and necrotic lesions).
Oncology. Engaged in various new creations, be it any etiology.

To enter a medical institute or university in the 11th grade, you need to complete a course in chemistry, biology and Russian language. If a doctor started as a pediatrician, and wants to perform operations on adults, he will need to take additional courses with retraining.

The specialty of a surgeon can be obtained at dozens of universities in the region, for example:

Russian Medical University im. N.I. Pirogov;
Pivnichno-Zakhidny Medical University named after. I. I. Mechnikov;
Voronezk State Medical Academy named after. M. M. Burdenko;
Saratov State Medical University im. V.I. Rozumovsky;
Omsk State Medical Academy.

obov'yazki

Regardless of the scope of work and specialization, the surgeon’s duties include:

reception and examination of patients;
carrying out a discussion about the need for radical healing and the possible consequences associated with its development;
taking an anamnesis of illness and making a preliminary diagnosis;
direction (for consumption) for further investigation;
establishing a residual diagnosis and defining the terms of the operation;
recommendations and control over preparation;
handing over;
care of the sick person until complete rehabilitation;
the development of prevention is complicated;
registration and recommendations;
maintaining medical documentation.

Who is the profession suitable for?

Crazy people don’t become surgeons. To achieve this goal, specialization requires good memory and steadily updated knowledge. Always keep abreast of all the techniques developed by previous generations, and learn to thoroughly understand them and your own. Cream you need:

Be sure to make decisions in your own mind, so that you may end up with a sick life;
encourage unimportant options to develop during the course of the operation;
steadfastly endure stress and misfortunes, the fragments of which never fail to ruin people’s lives;
mother's vivacity, patience and health, so that she has to stand on her feet for many years and is therefore generally average;
Consider meeting people, having fun with colleagues and patients.

Salary fee

Payment for a surgeon depends on the following factors:

experience;
robot region;
visibility of the category;
specialization;
scientific title.

The salary payout in the region will be 13 thousand. up to 250 thousand R. n. There is a great need for good doctors in Moscow and St. Petersburg, and there is a great shortage of surgeons in the Krasnodar region. The lowest salaries are for doctors in small hospitals and outpatient clinics in the regions, and the highest are in clinics that specialize in dentistry, where surgeons deal with immediate facial problems, dental procedures and dental prosthetics. Implantology.

How will I fulfill my career?

To get a decent salary, it’s not enough to just become a surgeon. For which experience and career growth are required? As time goes on, the work of many fakhivs for accreditation is gradually beginning to carry out complex manipulations, take an active part in conferences, submit dissertations, publish their work in journals and publish books. The skin five-member special commission evaluates the number of points and the effectiveness of the doctor before engaging in practical activities.

3 and more rocks – another category;
type 7 – persha;
up to 10 roku practice – vischa.

Otherwise, you may not be able to obtain confirmed qualifications, otherwise the surgeon may end up with a negative impact on your career.

Prospects for the profession

Good surgeons will be in demand in the future. The income of the income of the nauakov diyalnіst, the candidate of the doctorsky disetsky, the Publikatsiy magazines of the Medicine, the Vitan of the Presentation of the Innovatsiyni Methods of the Lіkuvannya on conference on conferences.

Hello, dear readers of our site!

Today we will talk about surgical operations. You will find out what types of surgery there are, what kind of surgery is performed and what kind of operations can be performed. Please know about this, and no one is insured during the operation, unfortunately.

As a rule, surgery is indicated in particularly severe cases of illness, when simple treatment with medications and folk remedies cannot help. It is especially common to undergo operations on the colon, intestines, in cases of benign or malignant tumors, and organ transplants.

All surgery can be mentally divided into great categories: for planned and emergency. Planned surgery is the implementation of cosmetic changes (), which are planned in the future. During the time such operations are carried out, there is no great risk to the patient’s health and life.

Emergency surgery refers to the terms of the operation. These operations are carried out without prior preparation of the patient in a short period of time (immediately after treatment). The reason for their implementation may be car accidents, important forms of injury, a weakened heart, large losses of blood and other conditions, if life and death are simply unacceptable.

You can also see specializedі secret surgery. Specialized surgery deals with operations on the major parts of the body and internal organs. Applications: cardiac surgery, cleft-facial surgery, eye surgery and others. Secret surgery can be divided into a number of different areas.

It is also important to note that children’s surgery is not straightforward. This is due, first of all, to the fact that the child’s body is significantly different from the body of an adult, and therefore the operation (the same treatment) has its own peculiarities and subtleties.

Types of surgery – list:

Abdominal surgery
Thoracic surgery
Neurosurgery
Cardiosurgery
Plastic surgery
Facial surgery
Purulent surgery
Transplantology
Traumatology
Urology
Ophthalmology
Gynecology
Oncology
Orthopedics

If you have to undergo an operation, then it is better not to waste your pennies and become a professional. Even the consequences of recent surgical procedures can lead to deterioration of health and death right on the operating table. And such attacks, unfortunately, are not isolated.

The profession of a surgeon is one of the most important and difficult in medicine. Being an independent medical field, surgery deals with the treatment of acute and chronic illnesses using the method of surgical treatment. A doctor-surgeon is one whose field of specialization has thoroughly explored the surgical method of treatment.

To become a surgeon, you must remove medically illuminated things then a practical proof, based on your complete knowledge.

Surgery is out of place today. It is constantly developing, collapsing forward. Here, as nowhere, they quickly implement innovative methods and technologies that are gradually being mastered. Current techniques of surgical treatment.

To rejuvenate all the treatment of a surgeon of any specialty, it is necessary to begin with all his practical activities.

To become a qualified surgeon, medical knowledge is not enough. For a doctor in this profession, it is necessary to stay healthy physically and psychologically.

The performance of the operation is important, physical stress and emotional process. And dealing with seriously, sometimes incredibly ill people, requires strength and mental stability.

At the same time, as a doctor, a surgeon is obliged to bear such qualities as humanity, sensitivity, awareness and understanding of the sick.

At the same time I need strength, hardness, satisfaction in yourself and in your actions, cold-bloodedness, vitrimanism.

Doctors of the surgical profession are obliged to interact with different, especially sick, people. They need to be respectful, goal-directed, practical, and vigilant.

Surgeon's working day not limited by eight to five. If and when you may need emergency surgical treatment.

So the surgeon, as a rule, does not care for himself. You must pursue your profession, which will require greater self-sacrifice.

Any problem with medicine Doctors-surgeons take anamnesis, make a diagnosis, carry out competent preparation of the patient before surgery, operate on the patient, manage him during the postoperative period, and monitor him during rehabilitation. Let the surgeons describe the skin patient and the doctors who carry out the manipulations in the history of the disease.

Type of surgeons knowledge required all the subtleties of the human body and the unnaturally rich technology of operation. A doctor who performs an operation must use a variety of surgical instruments and folding equipment.

We are responsible for a good understanding of the principles of asepsis and antiseptics, the mechanism of pain relief, both external and local. The surgeon needs knowledge of the laws of health protection, physical therapy and radiology.

Professional surgeons are the ones you wouldn’t be afraid to trust with your life. Such doctors perform skin surgery with their hands, mind and heart, stagnating with all the accumulated knowledge and evidence.

Modern medicine has no idea There are no surgical specialties.

To practice in one of the areas, the doctor-surgeon must go through after the diploma, I started to fight directly. The foundations of university specializations in modern surgery are completely limited. Relaxation of surgical activity is carried out depending on the nature of the illness and its severity level.

Surgical specializations can be divided into:

Planned surgery.
Uncomplicated surgery.

The acute stage of the illness is resolving Uncomplicated surgery. The order of these is the main specialization of surgeons planned surgery, which deals with hernias, liver diseases, nirok, zhovchovidnyh paths, the endocrine system of the body.

On the other hand, surgical professions are classified as:

Zagalni.
Specialized.

For example, a trauma surgeon is assigned to the secondary surgical field. And the axis of the surgeon who works in microsurgery is specialized, since microsurgery itself is one of the branches of cardiac surgery.

You can see surgery nearby:

Gniyn.
Child.
Plastic.
Happy fabric.
Kistkovo-myazova system.
The sphere of unsafe life of medicinal pathology.
The area of diseases associated with professions.

In order of the designated global directions, the main specialization in surgery is more narrow directness.

Cardiac surgeon- This is a medical procedure that corrects various cardiac pathologies.

This is due to the operative path of heart disease, both at birth and onset, anomalies of the great vessels, manifested by complicated ischemic heart disease. Cardiac surgeons are starting to perform operations involving heart organ transplantation.

Neurosurgeons engage in diagnostics and carry out operations on the human brain and spinal cord. This is an even more subtle work, the fragments of which stick out to the human nervous system.

Patients are sent to the neurosurgeon who suffer:

Puffiness of the spinal cord and brain.
Epilepsy.
The peripheral and also the central nervous system is injured.
Pathologies of development and infectious disease of the nervous system.
Damage to blood circulation in the brain.

Fakhivtsi microsurgery carry out the most delicate operations on the basis of high technologies, directly on the eyes.

By our specialization we have seen pediatric surgeons The pediatric surgeon conducts regular examinations of children, starting from the birth of children and until they reach the 14th century, in order to detect or exclude the presence of hernias, scoliosis, dysplasia, phimosis, orchitis in other cases, the recovery is below the norm.

Surgeons-oncologists rejoice at the surgical method of cancer's new creation.

Operations on blood vessels (arteries, veins) angiosurgeons. In order to prevent possible aphids from aphids, heart attacks or gangrene, angiosurgeons are engaged in the diagnosis and prevention of vascular illnesses, swelling, and atherosclerosis.

Abdominal surgery- This is the area where there is an operative method of contaminating the organs of the cerebral emptying. This galus is suffering from infectious diseases, congenital and malignant diseases of the liver, liver, spleen, duct, scute and subscapula. He also deals with the intestines, appendix, and cervix.

Thoracic surgeon carry out diagnostics and surgical treatment of diseases of the organs removed from the chest. They are reached by the legs, mediastinal organs, trachea, pleura, and diaphragm. The most widespread pathology that a thoracic surgeon has to deal with is cancer of the lungs.

Urological surgeons are engaged in surgical treatment of diseases of the sechostate area for both men and women.

There is such a university specialization as nephrologist surgeons, who deal with illnesses exclusively

Highly specialized surgical specialization andrology. In this field of medicine, surgeons operate on diseases of human organs.

U gynecology Surgeons operate on infectious diseases, births and pathologies of female organs. A gynecological surgeon also operates on cancer patients.

Surgeon-coloproctologist I enjoy the operation of the anus, rectum, perineum, and colon. The main pathologies include cancerous tumors, brushes, polyps, condylomas, acute and chronic inflammation.

Illnesses of internal secretion, which require prompt treatment, please endocrine surgery surgeon.

Ophthalmological surgeons It is possible to correct the vision with a surgical approach, as well as to treat various anomalies and diseases of the visual organs.

Orthopedic surgeons carry out diagnostics and treatment of the musculoskeletal system. The sphere of our competence includes the ridge, the cartilage-muscle system, the loins, and the ligaments.

Surgeons-traumatologists Celebrate injuries of various etiologies, fractures, clogged muscles, sprains, strains.

Surgeons-otorhinolaryngologists make diagnoses and promptly provide treatment for illnesses of the ear, throat, and nose. These doctors conclude operations on the tonsils, maxillary sinuses, frontal sinuses, superior sinuses, and bronchi.

The stench detects foreign bodies, detects congenital anomalies, and new cancers.

Dental surgeons They deal with both extraction of teeth and carry out tooth-saving operations. The smell is caused by injuries, swelling, as well as infectious and inflammatory processes that cover the mouth, facial joints and crevices.

They have also been diagnosed with congestion of nerve fibers, sinuses, appendages and obvious congenital defects in this area.

There are illnesses, injuries and pathologies, in which case conservative treatment does not produce results. In such situations, the fight for the life and health of the patient involves the surgeon - the leader of the surgical procedure on the human body. The operation is the main direct medical activity.

Surgery is an even broader branch of medicine. This is due to the fact that there is a great magnitude of illness and damage that can be effectively treated with additional surgery. All these ailments can occur in various organs and parts of the human body. For these reasons, the surgeon specializes in a specific field of study, for example, vascular, cardiological, or cleft-facial surgery.

Surgeon: what kind of specialist is he and what does he do?

Carrying out surgical procedures requires a physician with special training and level of training. A surgeon is a doctor with a high level of medical knowledge, who, after completing the Higher Medical Institution, has completed a residency or internship course in the specialty “surgery.” In order to become qualified in a particular field of surgery, it is necessary to take special courses. In addition to the advanced medical sciences, surgeons study asepsis and antisepsis, desmurgy and other special branches of medicine that they are required to use in their practical work. This medicine is injected directly into the organs and tissues of the body, allowing access to them using additional instruments. The operations that can be carried out can be either local (local) or complex.

It is the responsibility of the surgeon to first diagnose the patient. Often illnesses are treated directly by a doctor, proté, in various cases, a doctor-surgeon of a university specialization himself receives patients in clinics, hospitals and private hospitals.

However, the main direct activity of this doctor is the treatment of acute and chronic health problems. In addition, you can engage in emergency therapy when a person recovers from various injuries, for example, as a result of catastrophes and accidents.

An operation is a complex medical process, at which time the patient’s body is removed. No one's fate is less than that of a surgeon, although he, insanely, is the head of the action. A nurse assists the surgeon; in important cases there may be two or three of them. Another doctor, without the impossibility of performing most surgical operations, is an anesthesiologist. Before starting the operation, put the patient into a state of medicinal sleep, or use drugs that completely block the sensitivity of a particular area or part of the body. Throughout the entire operation, the patient is closely monitored and monitored so that in case of emergency situations that threaten the patient’s life, he or she can handle emergency procedures, such as resuscitation. them. The main responsibility for performing the operation lies with the surgeon himself. It checks and protects the patient’s position after surgery.

The operation itself involves the following surgical procedures:

thorough dissection of meats and tissues for diagnosis and surgery;
amputations;
preparations and cleansing of wounds, surface herbs;
placement of endoscopic devices and probes into the body;
blood transfusion;
teeth are bleeding;
care of the optics.

What organs and parts of the body does the surgeon care for?

Looking at the wideness of these galus, one can safely say that the doctor-surgeon works on all parts of the human body: the coat, the head, the ends.

You should carry out operations on:

herbal organs;
skin;
organs of the nervous system;
organs of the musculoskeletal system;
organi chuttya;
respiratory organs;
organs of the sechostatic system;
diseases (for example, thyroid, breast and others).

Main types of specialization of surgeons

Surgical treatment is used as a type of treatment for chronic and acute ailments, as well as a cosmetic procedure for improving appearance. There are no cures for different types of doctors and surgeons.

Plastic surgeons

Plastic surgery is already in demand in medicine today. In cases of seizures, if a person is categorically not affected by any part of their body (size, shape, shape), it is not always possible to correct the situation with the help of self-conversion, creams and the right. This process of natural aging did not affect anyone. In addition, such doctors give hope to people who have suffered, for example, as a result of an accident or catastrophe, which was seen as a negative thing in their world.

The most popular operations performed by a plastic surgeon are:

skin tightening; susunennya zmorshok;
blepharoplasty;
rhinoplasty;
mammoplasty;
liposuction;
plastic surgery of external organs;
removal of cosmetic defects.

It is best for this doctor to carry out his work at doctors’ offices and clinics, but also at cosmetology centers and beauty salons. In any case, profile knowledge and specialization are the main benefits for a doctor.

A laser surgeon does not treat more than one specific organ or part of the body. We can perform operations for diseases of various organs, as well as for the removal of cosmetic defects. His robot uses a special laser device with high-precision attachments.

Main areas of stagnation:

ophthalmology;
dermatology;
dentistry;
neurosurgery.

Child surgeon

I surround the field of surgery with pediatric surgery. It appears that the anatomy of a child is similar to the anatomy of an adult, in addition, in children there is an increase in congenital development, and in adulthood there are diagnoses for cholecystitis or pancreas. creatitis, for children - guilt, rarity, and about the peculiarities of their detection and treatment know the children's doctor. Therefore, most operations involving small patients are performed by a specialized surgeon. To this child you can send:

pediatrician;
neonatologist;
therapist;
surgeons of specialized profiles

Implant surgery in dentistry

An implant surgeon is a professor of highly specialized specialization who deals with dental prosthetics. In addition to surgical treatment, the doctor can use conservative treatment, remove teeth or fill them. A dentist with a specialization, before speaking, can also place dental implants on a patient, but it is important that a surgeon who specializes in this process meets the requirements clearly she.

What is transplantology?

This branch of surgery deals with the process of transplanting organs from a donor to a sick recipient, who may not survive without such an operation. In addition, the hospital itself is highly specialized, and it also has a qualified group of doctors. So, a surgeon who deals with heart transplants will not undertake a transplant operation, for example, nothing.

Such operations are considered to be among the most complex, requiring colossal evidence and knowledge, and are carried out only in specialized medical centers, possessing the remaining knowledge of medical science.

In addition to the transplantation process, the doctor is responsible for the postoperative state of the patient, monitors the process of his rehabilitation, checks whether the organ has taken root and is functioning ok.

A transplant surgeon can perform a transplant:

cookies;
nirok;
heart;
subsluid vine;
legen.

Skin transplantation should be carried out before the appointment of a surgeon who cares for the patient.

Optical surgeon

The main area of activity of this doctor is the treatment of wounds and transplantation of the skin in patients with severe skin damage as a result of opiates. The surgeon’s cream for such patients is immediately applied without the treatment of other doctors: therapists, resuscitators, traumatologists and others.

Judicial surgeon

The competence of a vascular surgeon includes the surgical treatment of problems in the blood and lymphatic vessels. Physicians, who are more promptly given in such cases can be faced with a path of completely dissecting tissues, and through the vessel itself, a surgeon with a specialization is responsible for the use of cutting skills and techniques for suturing damaged vessels . The most common causes of death before the court surgeon are the diagnosis of aneurysms, thrombophlebitis. In addition, doctors are required to carry out complex operations on various organs, if a group of surgeons of different specialties is required.

Cleft-facial surgeon

The medical specialty of this doctor is illnesses and injuries in the area of the facial part of the skull. In part, his work is close to that of a plastic surgeon, and he also deals with the repair of tissues. The difference lies mainly in the fact that for the cleft-facial surgeon the primary task is to eliminate injuries, wounds or illness in such a way that the cleft-facial apparatus of a person can function normally. It’s beautiful to have a different plan. The doctor treats such injuries and illnesses:

facial fractures;
injuries to soft facial tissues;
abscesses and phlegmons;
osteomyelitis;
periostitis;
constriction of teeth.

What does a thoracic or breast surgeon do?

This doctor's specialty is the treatment of pathologies and diseases of the chest. Specifice to the Roboti part of the Ludskoye Polega in the pile in the infants of the Klitzi is not tilki tissue, yaki, and the ribs, and the depths of Likar’s access to the organ.

Please note that a thoracic surgeon does not perform operations on the heart - this is the competence of a cardiac surgeon. A thoracic surgeon may be involved in heart surgery in order to ensure the cardiac surgeon has access to the chest wall.

The direct specialization of the doctor is:

ill health;
the need for a single part or a whole legen;
purulent disease of the mediastinum;
chest injuries;
the appearance of pus in the empty pleural space;
rupture of the diaphragm and diaphragmatic herniation.

Before a thoracic surgeon, patients should consult with a general practitioner, pulmonologist or cardiologist.

Abdominal surgeon

One of the greatest demands in emergency surgery is abdominal surgery, the field of medicine that deals with the treatment of pathologies, illnesses and disorders in the lower abdomen of the human body. These doctors conduct preventive examinations at schools and kindergartens, and often with participants in medical commissions at the military commissariat.

Surgeons with this qualification perform surgical procedures related to the following illnesses:

appendicitis;
cholecystitis;
grizhimi;
intestinal obstruction;
pancreatitis;
ruptures of the spleen;
diverticulitis;
Virazkova ailment of the scutum or duodenum;
peritonitis.

What a surgeon-oncologist rejoices

Puffiness can appear in almost all organs of the human body, and the smell can be good or bad. The skin after surgery exhibits moisture specificity, depending on the localization of puffiness. Therefore, oncologist surgeons, in their own way, also have to share their qualifications. A doctor who performs surgery on the cerebral cord cannot perform surgery to remove swelling from the cerebral cord.

Surgeon-traumatologist

Most often, most traumatologists may undergo surgical procedures, and can skip certain operations, leaving fragments of many wounds requiring initial surgical treatment to prevent infection and accelerate the process of infection. textile

Dealing with fractures will also require surgical skills: a smarter placement of the wrist pins and finesse, as well as the insertion of a pin. The traumatologist spends a significant amount of time in the operating room.

The doctor of this specialization deals with the treatment of such injuries and damage:

fractures of cysts (ends, ribs);
tearing ligaments and meats;
various wounds: stabbing, fiery, cutting;
textiles decorated with opikas;
internal bleeding.

In addition, it is within his competence to perform surgical procedures such as amputation of ends, removal of foreign bodies, and operations on prosthetic joints.

How the surgeon still cares for illness

In addition to overexerting the direct activity of the doctor, you can engage in surgical treatment of such injuries and illnesses:

boils, carbuncles, abscesses, gangrene, putrefactive wounds (putrefactive surgeon);
damage to the musculoskeletal system (orthopedic surgeon);
disease of the thyroid gland, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, suprathyroid gland (surgeon-endocrinologist);
inflammation of the uterus and ovaries, development and abscesses in the area of the ovary organs, adhesions of the pelvic organs, post-uterine vaginosis, ovarian cysts, uterine polyps (surgeon-gynecologist);
sechokami disease, new development in nirkah, sound of sechovodiv, pathology of sechovogo mikhur, inflammation in nirkiv cellulitis (surgeon-urologist);
eye injuries, cataracts, eye strain, squint (ophthalmologist);
paraproctitis, anal fissures, hemorrhoids, rectal polyps, swelling in the intestines (surgeon-proctologist);
damaged heart (cardiosurgeon);
pathologies of human organs (surgeon-andrologist);
injuries and pathologies of the hand (hand surgeon).

If you have any symptoms, contact your surgeon

Schedule a consultation with a doctor whose specialty is a doctor for seizures, if there is an urgent need for surgery:

In addition, you can sign up for a consultation with a doctor:

when there is a sharp pain of unconscious etiology;
if third-party houses are identified near the potassium;
with red, soft tissues, areas near the corners, with sore spots in these places;
with the appearance of warts, swellings, and condylomas on the body;
with severe vomiting of blood, if there is a history of viral disease;
for obvious reasons, wounds and wounds do not develop for a long time, especially at the ends;
when painful lumps are detected in the lymphatic nodes, in mammary glands in women.

Other causes for the removal of a doctor include pathologies and injuries such as ingrown nails, corns, and painful calluses.

Methods such as corticosteroids for diagnosis and treatment

To diagnose an illness for which the patient is referred to a surgeon, the doctor must immediately understand what the reasons themselves have become the cause for concern. The surgeon tests the person and learns about all the symptoms that appear to be different from the norm. Having collected the information in this manner, the doctor proceeds to examine: the current state of the skin, mucous tissues, ulcers, wounds, wrinkles, ends and coats, and bleeds them.

In most cases of seizures that are rejected in this manner, the data is insufficient to make a diagnosis, for which the doctor orders blood tests (biochemistry, hot gas analysis), PLR tests for the virus hepatitis, preliminary analysis of the sample, tests for the presence of sexually transmitted diseases. Among other procedures in the surgeon’s “arsenal”: anoscopy, ultrasound examination, functional testing of blood circulation organs, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, cystoscopy, laparoscopy, pleuroscopy, radiography of the scutum and intestine, elective rocardiogram and other methods of vaccination.

Once the diagnosis is made, the doctor determines which clinical steps need to be taken in a specific situation. When it comes to the need to carry out an immediate operation, the doctor argues for the need for the patient and sends him to the hospital for preparatory steps.

Surgical treatment can be performed in a variety of ways. They differentiate between underground and specialized surgery. Until then, microsurgery, neurosurgery, laser surgery, and endoscopic surgery should be considered. Advanced surgery includes gastric surgery, empty surgery and traumatology.

The doctor-surgeon provides specialized medical assistance to patients who require other methods of treatment, in addition to surgical treatment, both ineffective and marginal. This profession among other medicinal ones is subject to a shift in the level of competence and can be achieved by doctors. The surgeon is responsible for a high degree of vitriol, patience, high precision, neatness, excellent hand motor skills, hundred-hundred-hundred-hundred-year-old vision, vibrancy and stability. In fact, to the extent that this doctor can quickly and easily take the right decisions in difficult, unsafe situations that arise during the hour of surgery, which can often affect the patient’s life. Regardless of the fact that in the process of performing an operation the surgeon is not the only one who takes part, often all responsibility for the result of his approach falls on him.