The blood has more white corpuscles than red ones. Red blood cells: powers, functions, norms in analysis, causes of illness

Blood poisoning can also affect a rare part of the blood - plasma.

Antonina Kamishenkova / “Health-Info”

Shelter is the heart of a living organism. By washing our organs and tissues, it delivers wholesome sourness, living substances, enzymes, takes away processed waste products, and protects our body from the invasion of aggressive microorganisms. And all the important functions of the blood are due to the fact that it contains special elements that are powerfully molded as our physiological substance.

Between red blood cells (erythrocytes) and blood platelets (thrombocytes), leukocytes are brought to form the blood elements, which constitute at least 45% of the total blood volume. 65% of what was lost falls on this rare part. All the formed elements of the blood in the form of small bodies of different shapes and contours are clearly visible under a microscope, and in the course of changing their level in the blood, doctors can obtain information about those who are not in order in the body.

• Physiological. It has been proven that after physical exercise, the number of leukocytes increases sharply. In addition, the strips can be used and the intake of other liquids (with a greater autoimmune reaction).
• Pathological-symptom atic leukocytosis is a characteristic feature of various infectious diseases.
• Leukocytosis can be short-term, as a result of stress. Be of an episodic nature, Rapto blames and that’s what Shvidko knows. Other similar symptoms accompany typhus, scarlet fever, diphtheria and other illnesses. This group can be combined with the previous one, but the fragments of leukocytosis are short-term, you can usually see it in a rounded view.
• Neutrophil streak. Accompanies myeloproliferative illnesses, chronic inflammation and acute infections. The number of leukocytes increases sharply with the help of an increase in the level of neutrophils.
• Movements instead of eosinophils in the blood. Eosinophilia occurs clearly in allergic reactions of various etiologies and malaria.
• Basophilic leukocytosis is accompanied by myxedema, nonspecific virulent colitis and vagusity.
• An increased number of leukocytes manifests itself in all viral infections (HVV, influenza, herpetic infection, chickenpox, rubella, infectious mononucleosis, etc.) important bacterial ones - brucellosis, syphilis and tuberculosis.
• And, you will find, there are a large number of monocytes to talk about those that people suffer from cancerous tumors and a high number of bacterial infections.

Normal values ​​of leukocyte levels in human blood

The normal range of leukocytes is a standard and constant indicator. This means that there are no individual symptoms if leukocytes are elevated in the blood. Below is a table of the current boundary values ​​of all subpopulations of leukocytes:

The thickness of the cells * 109

The thickness of the cells * 109

White bodies suffer not only from bacteria, but also from bacteria that collapse, sometimes they “devour” entire organs. So, for example, the toad's tail is known to have lost its value for the body.

White bodies are collected from various third-party bodies that penetrate the body, for example, the contents of a rolling pin or thorns. When the boil breaks out, a rolling pin comes out of the body.

Kharchovy. It gets worse after you go. What is the number of leukocytes?

increases slightly (on average by 1-3 thousand µl) and rarely goes beyond

between the upper physiological norm. With grub leukocytosis, great

A large number of leukocytes accumulate in the submucosal base of the small intestine. Here

They perform a dry function - they overcome the ingress of foreign agents

into the blood and lymph. Kharchovy leukocytosis is of a regenerative nature and

ensure the presence of leukocytes in the bloodstream from the blood depot.

Miogenny. Be careful after killing important meat

roboti. The number of leukocytes can increase in 3-5 times. Greater

During physical exercise, a large number of leukocytes accumulate in the meat. Miogenny

leukocytosis is due to overgrowth, and true character, fragments

In this case, beware of increased cystic hematopoiesis.

The value of the number of leukocytes is determined when performing a complete blood test (CBC):

• Increased leukocytes (leukocytosis), as a rule, indicate the presence in the body of any infectious diseases (pneumonia, otitis, bronchitis, meningitis, etc.), suppuration or inflammation processes vary and localization (pleura, cervix, subcutaneous tissue).
• If leukocytes are reduced (leukopenia), then start talking about low immunity and it is necessary to look for the reason for the suppression of their creation in the cerebrospinal fluid.

The most common cause of decreased leukocyte counts is:

• legacy of radiation (exposure to illness),
• anemia with vitamin B12 deficiency,
• Infectious diseases, oncological illnesses with metastases in the cerebrospinal fluid,
• cob stage leukemia,
• taking various medicinal treatments.

White blood cells can be highly toxic, and even highly dependent, since their very functions in the body are dying. In order to protect the human body from infection, leukocytes actively fight all third-party elements that have entered the human body for other reasons.

To treat your illness and maintain your health, it is important to consult a doctor promptly.

Methods for treating and renewing white blood cells

If you or your child has a decreased level of leukocytes, it is not possible to take them as soon as you become ill.

Treatment for leukocytosis

The joy of such a phenomenon lies in the illness that caused his guilt. In general, antibiotics are prescribed to combat and treat the infection caused by a high leukocyte count. To change or relieve inflammation, steroids are used to reduce the number of white bodies. Sometimes leukopheresis is involved. As a result of this process, leukocytes are drawn from the blood, and then the blood is transfused back to the sick person or saved for the treatment of other people. If the increased number of leukocytes is detected at an early stage, treatment will be quick and effective, and it will be necessary to give blood for analysis every hour.

Remember, the treatment is due to illness, which caused an increase in leukocytes in the blood. Most often, antibiotics may be used; they help to treat and eliminate the infection that causes leukocytosis. To change and relieve inflammation, steroids can be used to help reduce the size of white bodies.

You can consider leukopheresis, for which leukocytes are drawn from the blood, then the blood is transfused back to the sick person, or it is saved for the treatment of other patients. If an increased number of leukocytes is detected in the future, it can be effectively and promptly eliminated, then it is necessary to regularly perform a blood test for prevention.

Also, the number of leukocytes has increased, indicating that leukocytosis develops in humans. It is necessary to carefully unfasten yourself and know the reason for the increase in leukocytes, because it may be unsafe or, in fact, be of a physiological nature, which does not lead to serious pathological processes.

Yakka cut may but be normal

External analysis of the sample is a complex laboratory investigation that reveals low physical and chemical characteristics of the substance, on the basis of which low diagnoses can be made.

The color of the cut is normally straw-yellow. There are a lot of things that can be found in the food likeness. It is necessary to remember that various food products fall on the color of the cut, for example, beet produces a blackish color. First, go to the doctor and ask what you drank. Since there is a clear color of “meat dung” in the house of blood, then this is an alarming signal, you need to urgently go to the doctor. Therefore, this may be a sign of swelling, injury, or stone, which, when pushed through, has carefully removed the sieve fur. Golovne - to know the reason why there was bleeding. Most often, the intensity of cystitis is increased in women with cystitis, which recurs especially many times. The craze for the fashionable diet with sauerkraut still continues without a trace. This diet changes the acidity of the cut and, apparently, provokes damage to the wall of the cut, and the cut itself becomes red in color.

The girl has increased leukocytes in the section

Leukocytes (Le) – formed elements of blood. Under a microscope, the stinks look like white cells with a clearly colored nucleus. A number of them can be treated by a laboratory assistant or a specialized automatic physician.

The norm of leukocytes in a child is insignificant. The number of them absolutely does not last forever, but varies continuously over time.

Development of basophils and monocytes

*The skin of the father’s skin begins to dry up early in the morning due to the need to perform a blood test on the child. Treat as planned, and after illness, and before entering kindergarten or school. A late-stage blood test is done in a false manner, it’s possible that the blame may be for the unsettled, but, at least, it’s better to wait for the child 2 years before the analysis. Blood is taken from the ring finger and vein.

Increase and change in the number of leukocytes in analyzes

Leukocytes and white blood cells are the cells of the immune system that protect the human body from infections and viruses. An increase in the number of these blood cells in the blood in most seizures is a signal that an infection has settled in the human body. A decrease in the level of leukocytes in the blood is almost always detected when the immune defense of the body is weakened. An increase in the number of white blood cells in the cut, and a smear test indicates the development of inflammatory pathologies of the organs, not least the cut.

Leukocytes - what is it?

Leukocytes are called blood cells that have different colors and can be of different sizes and shapes. Its size can vary from six to twenty microns, and its axis shape can be either irregular or rounded. In fact, the white bloody calf is supposed to perform an important function. The stench itself is a major barrier, which is a barrier for the penetration of other infections into the body. These cells contain special enzymes that are capable of poisoning various microscopic organisms. Krim Tsyo, the male Klitini Dopomagayut is not Tilki Zv'yazuvati, alel of the roscheluvati supported component, and such a product is rospada, form a form in the Ludskoy Organism. Plus, all types of leukocytes have the power to vibrate antibodies, the very parts of protein, which in their turn destroy all the microorganisms that appear on the mucous membranes, in the blood, tissues and organs. White blood cells are formed near the red cerebrum.

Norm instead of leukocytes in the blood

If a person is generally healthy, the amount of white blood cells in their blood should reach 4.0-9.0 x 109/l.

• First day - 8.5 to 24.5 x 109/l
• In the first month - from 6.5 to 13.5 x 109/l
• In six months - from 5.5 to 12.5 x 109/l
• On the river - 6.0 to 12.0 x 109/l
• Up to six rocks - 5.0 to 12.0 x 109/l
• Up to twelve rocks - 4.5 to 10.0 x 109/l
• Children aged thirteen to fifteen years - from 4.3 to 9.5 x 109/l.

Number of leukocytes in the blood of a vaginal woman

During the hour of pregnancy, the quantity of white blood cells in the blood of a pregnant woman may increase to 15.0 x 109/l. It is explained that due to the vomiting effect, even a large number of these cells of the immune system are concentrated in the submucosal lining of the uterus. It is believed that in this way the female body is able to protect the fetus from these and other infections. This great accumulation of these cells from this galus will reduce the short-lived productivity of the uterus.

These and other forms of white blood cells are involved in a variety of chemical reactions in the human body. As a result of the results of the analysis of the leukocyte formula, it is possible to obtain information about the nature of the obvious pathology. This information will help your doctor make an accurate diagnosis. An increase in the number of young and also rod-nuclear neutrophils is considered to be a signal of blood rejuvenation. In such cases, people talk about changing the leukocyte formula to the left. This type of disease is especially often identified in inflammatory and infectious pathologies. Sometimes you have to be careful with white blood, which is accompanied by elevated proliferation of leukocytes.

Increased number of leukocytes in the blood

A state in which there is an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood above 9.0 x 109/l is called leukocytosis. We immediately respect the readers for the fact that this condition can be both physiological and pathological. Physiological leukocytosis is a condition in which in humans there is an increase in the level of white blood cells in the blood and a decrease in normal living situations. Leukocytosis is called pathological if the presence of this or other illness is evident.

Remnants of all overconsumption of vitamins can provoke the formation of white blood cells; it is recommended to perform a blood test before fasting. It is very important that before the analysis the person does not take a bath, does not get nervous, and also does not compromise the importance of physical work.

Various infectious pathologies, and also:

• otitis is an inflamed process of the middle ear, which is especially often identified in children. This ignition is accompanied by painful pain, as well as noise in the air. In addition, patients may experience increased body temperature, decreased hearing, and pus from the ear.
• Meningitis is inflammation of the lining of the spinal cord or brain, which results in nausea, vomiting, and even severe migraines. As this pathology is evident, the patient usually lies with his head thrown back and legs bent to his chest.
• bronchitis, pneumonia, which is accompanied by pain when breathing, increased body temperature and a cough with phlegm.
• There are often signs of elevated body temperature, migraines and chronic illness, followed by inflammation of the skin, which causes the patient to develop bumps, pimples and blemishes. Most often, this pathology occurs in the area of ​​the lower ends.

Ignition processes and suppuration of loose melting:

• pleurisy ( empyema, pleurisy), indicated by pain in the expansion of the breasts during breathing,
• cerebral emptiness (appendicitis, peritonitis, pancreatitis) – fatigue, pain in the abdomen, increased body temperature,
• pilchard cellulose ( abscess, felon, phlegmon) development of painful sensations in one or another area of ​​the skin, shifts in local temperature, development of redness in the skin area, sharp pain when pressed.

• Leukemia is a group of swelling pathologies, due to which the human cerebellum begins to produce an abnormal number of abnormal leukocytes. Obvious signs of such illness are: confusion, hemorrhage, underlying weakness, enlargement of lymph nodes, liver and spleen, bleeding of the mucous membranes. It is only possible to establish the data of the pathology after additional stenosis of the cerebrospinal fluid;
• Diabetic coma;
• Camp after heavy bloodshed;
• Great Opiki;
• Chronic nitric deficiency;
• Infarctions of the spleen, heart, neck, legion.

Reduced level of leukocytes in the blood

A state in which there is a change in the number of leukocytes in the blood below 4.0 x 109/l is called leukopenia. Most often, changes in the number of white blood cells are considered to be a signal of suppressed formation of these cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. In some cases, this state develops as a result of the overabundance of leukocytes. It happens that data from the immune system cells are lost in the storage organs for a period of time. As a result, the process of its division is disrupted. Most often, such a situation is avoided in case of collapse or shock.

• influx of radiation ( exchange of illness, which is accompanied by changes in the cerebrospinal fluid, which results in a decrease in the formation of all blood cells);
• stagnation of liquids: anti-inflammatory drugs ( analgin, butadion, reopirin, pirabutol); medications that relieve suppression of the thyroid gland ( potassium perchlorate, mercazolil, propicyl); antibacterial drugs ( chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, syntomycin); medications that are used for the treatment of oncological pathologies, and cytostatics themselves ( vincristine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide and so on);
• aplastic and hypoplastic pathologies, which are accompanied by changes in the formation of leukocytes and other blood cells, and for unreasonable reasons;
• various forms of pathologies in which there is an increase in the productivity of the spleen, which leads to an excessive decrease in leukocytes: syphilis, liver cirrhosis, tuberculosis, lymphogranulomatosis;
• pathologies of an infectious nature: typhus, viral hepatitis, malaria, cancer, influenza, brucellosis, rubella;
• systemic Chervona Vovchanka;
• anemia, which indicates a defect in vitamin B12;
• oncological pathologies that are accompanied by metastases in the brain;
• Corn stages of leukemia formation.

A critically reduced level of white blood cells is called agranulocytosis. In most seizures, this condition is prevented due to the stagnation of these and other medications. In fact, agranulocytosis is considered to be extremely important due to the fact that without white blood cells the human body is unable to fight off infectious pathologies.

Leukocytes in the population

To detect white blood cells from the section, the samples must be examined under a microscope. A number of these cells in the population survive depending on the number of leukocytes that can be detected in one field of view with a microscope. The normal number of white blood cells is usually taken into account up to five in the field of vision for female representatives and up to three for human representatives. In children, as well as in future swearing, it is normal to respect these displays. At times analysis of the battle near Nechiporenko One milliliter may contain thousands of leukocytes.

• It is necessary to collect the crops exclusively from sterile containers.
• Before you pick it up, it is important to clearly and clearly acknowledge the article's organs with a sweetheart
• For women: before removing the crop, close the entrance to the skin with a cotton swab. It is also important to open the lips slightly so that the cut cannot roll behind them when exiting.
• The first portion of the cut must be removed
• This season only requires a medium portion of the cut.

Leukocytes in a smear

The detection of white blood cells in a smear occurs with the help of a microscope, and this itself is a great increase. Some people have already talked about the fact that the increase in the level of white blood cells in the blood indicates the fact that there is a inflammatory or infectious process in the human body. Those same fuss and smear. In a normal healthy woman, a woman's smear may reveal only a single white blood cell.

Read more:

Vidguki

Remove video

You can add your comments and comments to this article in accordance with the Rules of Discussion.

1.1.4. White calf

1.1.4. White calf

White blood cells, medically most often called leukocytes, are barless cells, round and irregular in shape, ranging in size from 6 to 20 microns. Leukocytes often rival the amoeba, because the stench is similar to a single-celled organism that swells the nucleus and parts without the help of drying out. Another feature of white blood cells is that their blood volume is much smaller than the same erythrocytes and becomes 4.0–8.8 x 10 9 g/l.

What are leukocytes?

Small 4. This is what a leukocyte looks like

Leukocytes can deservedly be called the main chemical factor in the protozoan organism of people with various diseases. These cells contain special enzymes that can be processed by microorganisms, and foreign proteins and breakdown products that are created in the body during the life of the body, knit and spit. And it is important to remember about the existence of different forms of leukocytes, which vibrate special protein particles that can be attacked by foreign microorganisms that have entered the blood, or on the mucous membranes, or other human organs and tissues.

White blood cells are divided into two main types. Thus, granulocytes and granular leukocytes are those cells whose cytoplasm has a specific granularity. At the same time, granulocytes are also divided into three groups: neutrophils, which are divided into rod and segmented nuclei, as well as basophils and eosinophils.

As you might guess, leukocytes of a different type reside in the cytoplasm of granules and, in addition, there are two groups - lymphocytes and monocytes. The listed types of leukocytes have specific functions and change differently in different illnesses.

A condition in which the number of leukocytes is higher than normal is called leukocytosis, while a decrease is called leukopenia.

These symptoms can be physiological, which are normal in healthy people, or pathological, in which people get sick.

In what types of episodes can physiological leukocytosis be prevented?

Thus, herbal leukocytosis may occur 2-3 years after departure. Among other reasons, leukocytosis can be identified after intense physical exercise, taking hot or cold baths, psychoemotional stress, as well as before menstruation and in the other half of pregnancy.

Therefore, before carrying out an investigation of the number of leukocytes, it is necessary to avoid stressful situations, intense physical exercise, and water procedures. Drawing blood is also easier than avoiding a hungry boat.

The causes of pathological leukocytosis are all pathological illnesses, such as otitis media, pica, meningitis, pneumonia, as well as suppuration and inflammation of the pleura (empyema, pleurisy), cerebral effusion (appendicitis, peritonitis). tonitis, pancreatitis), subcutaneous phlegmon, abscess). In addition, pathological leukocytosis can be caused by large swelling of parts of the body, heart attack, leg, spleen and spleen, death after significant bleeding, leukemia, congenital insufficiency, or chronic hypothyroidism, as well as diabetic coma. .

The mother is aware that due to weakened immunity in the elderly, elderly people, alcoholics and drug addicts with over-insurance, leukocytosis may be present. It is necessary to remember that if there is no leukocytosis in infectious and ignition illnesses, then this is an unkind sign and does not mean anything good.

Another different type of pathology, also due to a decrease in the number of leukocytes below 4.0 x 10 9 / l, is leukopenia, which is caused by a suppression of the creation of leukocytes in the bone marrow. In addition to the main mechanisms for the development of leukopenia, which often become more pronounced, they are also guarded by rare alternative mechanisms. Among them, there is a significant disturbance in the vascular bed and the regeneration of leukocytes with their retention in the depot organs, which is avoided in case of shock and collapse.

What illnesses and pathological conditions prevent the development of leukopenia?

Leukopenia may appear as a result of the influx of ionizing effects after taking medications, including: anti-inflammatory drugs (analgin, amidopirine); antibiotics (sulfonamides, levomethicin); substances that suppress the function of the thyroid gland (mercasolil, propicil); In particular, drugs that are used for the treatment of oncological diseases are called cytostatics (methotrexan, vincristine). A number of patients with leukopenia have hypoplastic or aplastic illnesses, the causes of which are still poorly understood, as well as illnesses that occur from diseases of the spleen, among which are cirrhosis of the liver, l Imphogranulomatosis, syphilis and tuberculosis. In addition, leukopenia increases with systemic hepatitis, B 12-deficiency anemia, with oncology with metastases in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the early stages of the development of leukemia, as well as as a result of related infections valuable illnesses such as malaria, brucellosis, typhus, cirrus, red influenza and viral hepatitis.

Small 5. This is what leukemia looks like

To make the diagnosis easier, a high proportion of all forms of leukocytes in the blood is analyzed. And this relationship was called the leukocyte formula. For clarity, all values ​​of the leukocyte formula are presented in Table No. 1.

Table 1. Leukocyte formula of blood and changes in different types of leukocytes in healthy people

Thus, with an increase in the high-quality ratio of these and other forms of leukocytes, the final names are obviously changing to - and - meaning - without, for example, (neutrophilosis, monocytosis, eosinophils I, basophilia, lymphocytosis).

Finally, when the leukocyte volume decreases, the end of this type of leukocytes reaches its end – for example, neutropenia, monocytopenia, eosinopenia, basopenia, lymphospenia.

If the cell phone number is not sufficient to make a diagnosis, and if it is diagnosed, it can lead to diagnostic errors. Therefore, in addition to the 100-degree correlation of leukocyte forms, one can also track the absolute number. For example, since the leukocyte formula of lymphocytes contains 12%, which is lower than the established norm, then since the total number of leukocytes is 13x10 9 g/l, then the absolute number of lymphocytes in the blood is – 1.56x10 9 g/l, then “includes” the standard value .

Therefore, it is customary to separate absolute and specific changes among different forms of leukocytes. Thus, absolute neutrophilosis or neutropenia and absolute lymphocytosis or lymphopenia are considered episodes when there is a percentage increase or decrease in these and other types of leukocytes with an acceptable absolute value. and in the blood. It is trapped that it is destroyed as a fluid, and the absolute number of different forms of leukocytes. This is to confirm the presence of absolute lymphocytosis or lymphopenia, absolute neutrophilosis or neutropenia, etc.

It is important to note that different types of leukocytes produce different chemical reactions, and by analyzing the leukocyte formula, you can learn more about the nature of the pathological process and help the doctor I can make an accurate residual diagnosis.

Now we can talk more about the decrease or increase in various types of leukocytes.

For example, about the development of an acute incendiary process, and especially about purulent illness, neutrophilosis can be clearly spoken about. Moreover, in medical terminology, inflammation is designated as the end of the body - this is the Latin or Greek name for the organ, and, apparently, neutrophilosis is avoided in meningitis, appendicitis, pancreas atitis, otitis, etc., as well as phlegmons and abscesses of various localizations and swellings.

Plus, many other infectious diseases, diabetic coma, myocardial infarction, stroke, severe neuronal deficiency and bleeding are accompanied by an increase in the number of neutrophils.

In addition, taking glucocorticoid hormonal drugs such as prednisolone, triamcinolone, cortisone can provoke an increase in the number of neutrophils.

Varto note that during purulent processes and acutely inflamed the most active rod-nuclear leukocytes. Moreover, an increase in the number of leukocytes of this type in the blood is called disruption of the leukocyte formula to the left, or band disruption.

In addition to an increase in the number of neutrophils, there are episodes of their decrease. This phenomenon was called neutropenia. You can be careful with various infectious diseases, such as typhus and malaria and viral diseases - influenza, polio and viral hepatitis A. Also, reducing the number of neutrophils in the future It is present in case of severe overexposure to fiery and putrefactive processes and is an unkind sign, which indicates an unfavorable prognosis for the patient .

Also, a decrease in the number of neutrophils can be prevented if the function of the cerebrospinal fluid is suppressed, B 12-deficient anemia develops, the body rejects a dose of ionizing radiation, Intoxication when taking many medications, such as analgin, biseptol, chloramphenicol, cefazolin, mercazolil.

If you were careful, you could note that those that cause leukopenia lead to a decrease in neutrophils in the blood.

Now we know if there is a pathological decrease or increase in the level of lymphocytes. Thus, lymphocytosis is avoided in such infections as brucellosis, cherubic and convalescent typhus and tuberculosis.

For example, in tuberculosis patients, an increase in the level of lymphocytes serves as a good sign and confirms that the illness is proceeding pleasantly and it is possible to become more alert, while lymphopenia indicates a bed sore.

Plus, lymphocytosis often appears with reduced function of the thyroid gland: hypothyroidism, preacute thyroiditis, chronic promenorrhea, bronchial asthma, B12 deficiency no anemia, no starvation. Lymphocytosis appears due to drug use.

A decrease in lymphocytes indicates a decrease in immunity and is often detected in patients with severe and distressing infectious-inflammatory processes, severe forms of tuberculosis, AIDS, and other forms of leukemia and lymphomas. granulomatosis, severe starvation, which leads to the development of drug addicts and substance abusers.

A decrease in monocytes most often occurs in infectious mononucleosis, as well as in infectious parotitis and rubella. The appearance of monocytosis in the blood indicates the presence of severe diseases - sepsis, tuberculosis, various forms of leukemia, as well as malignant diseases of the lymphatic system, such as lymphogranulomatosis and lymphoma.

At the same time, as monocytopenia is said to affect the cystic cerebrospinal fluid, it increases in aplastic anemia and hairy cell leukemia.

Well, finally, let’s look at the reasons for changing the number of eosinophils and basophils.

The increase in the level of eosinophils indicates the presence of such pathological conditions in the body:

Allergic illnesses and conditions (bronchial asthma, urticaria, angioedema and others).

Some skin ailments (eczema and psoriasis).

Collagenosis (rheumatism, VKV, or systemic red bloodworm).

Some serious blood diseases (lymphogranulomatosis).

Infectious illness (syphilis, tuberculosis).

Taking certain medications (antibiotics).

Decreased forms of eosinophilia.

Eosinopenia may occur as a result of other infectious diseases, B 12 deficiency anemia, or in cases of cerebrovascular disease.

An increase in the number of basophils in the blood indicates the presence of chronic myeloid leukemia, decreased function of the thyroid gland. However, there are physiological causes of basophilia, for example, during the premenstrual period in women.

A change in the number of basophils should also indicate an improvement in the function of the thyroid gland, as well as vagusity and possible stress. Basopenia also intensifies in Etsenka-Cusheng disease, such a pathological state, when the work of the pituitary gland and supraneural glands is destroyed and the level of glucocorticoids in the blood increases.

What is the significance of the red and white bloody calves?

1.1.2. Red bulls

1.1.2. Red blood cells, also known as red blood cells, are small round flat cells with a diameter of approximately 7.5 microns. The red blood cell has a unique shape. So, along the edges the veins are thin, the bottom is in the center, and the bulk is equal to the biconcave shape

"BILI KILTSYA"

“WHITE RINGS” Carefully cut the whites into cross rings. Use white rings to decorate the top of sandwiches with sprats or salad. You will need: 3 jams

"BILI LILY"

“BILI LILY” Divide the boiled eggs crosswise, carefully pull out the eggplants. The edges of the skin half of the white are formed with small teeth (the skin half has 4 teeth). Fill the middle of the skin “lily” with detailed beads. Wash the cucumbers in warm water and cut them

"BILI CLAP"

Cool the egg whites, beat them with lemon juice until they form a stiff peak, mix with the sugar powder and once again beat the cream until thick. Place whipped milk in boiling water egg whites with cucumber powder and cook until the smell becomes similar

Diet for Taurus (21st May – 20th May)

Diet for Taurus (21st May - 20th May) All Taurus simply love to eat deliciously. It’s impossible to tell that anything can take away their appetite. A thought about those that they need to keep in mind, or else they will finally be able to see their loved ones, please contact them

Remove the whites

Bili remove Tsukor. Our body does not meet the daily requirement for refined turmeric. Moreover, the infused fruit will provide our body with a valuable element such as potassium. Most of the sugar comes from our body in the form it is in.

Bili

White turpentine baths

White turpentine baths For type 1 diabetes, white turpentine baths have a good effect. During this process, carbohydrate metabolism increases, the intensity of autonomic components of pain, freezing changes, and sensitivity increases, which decreases through

Leukorrhea (white vaginal sightings) Leukorrhea, commonly known as white, is a disease in which white seeing is seen from the female genitalia. This abnormal sickness can last for hours and months. I'll bring it up

White mushrooms with horseradish

White mushrooms with horseradish For 5 fresh mushrooms – 1 cibulin, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of parsley, 2 bottles of water, 1-2 bay leaves, 2 tbsp. spoons of ready-made grated khron, skibochka? lemon, ? bottles of sour cream, salt|salt|, herbs.

White mushrooms in tomato sauce

White mushrooms stewed with quasole

White mushrooms, stewed with kvass 500 g of mushrooms, 1 cibulin, 1 carrot, 100 g of kvass, 60 g of top oil|mastila|, salt|. please contact me. Vimity carrots, peel and grate

Bili (bili video)

Bili (white biscuits) - Women who are sensitive to protein can wash the biscuits with diluted applesauce. I volume 3 art. Dilute spoons of apple citrus into 2 liters of warm water. Wash thoroughly until it is completely white. Nadali in

Vitiligo (white spots on the skin)

Vitiligo (white spots on the skin) - Vicor powder is obtained from radishes. Approximately 5 g of this substance needs to be added to 1 teaspoon of apple juice and applied before meals.

Leukorrhea (more than vaginal vision)

Leukorrhea (white vaginal vision) - The shortest remedy for leukorrhea is acorn root. Disintegrate the root bark of this plant (20 ml) in 25 ml of water, add a sprinkling of apple juice. Then process the food and treat the sick today and in the evening. Yakshcho

The result of the blood test determines the level of leukocytes in the patient’s blood, and with the help of a doctor you can make a report about the patient’s health. White cells protect the body from the negative influx of bacteria and viruses. The number of leukocytes in the blood can indicate the presence of illness or pathology. The functions of leukocytes are involved in all organs and tissues in the human body. Regardless of the danger of infection with harmful microorganisms, white blood cells will immediately react to the hand.

Activity of leukocytes

White blood cells are responsible for the important functions of ensuring human health. The power of leukocytes allows them to move to any organs and tissues. When a harmful microorganism is detected, the leukocyte cells collapse until they are on fire in the bloodstream. Then they move independently with the help of pseudopods until they reach bacteria or viruses that need to be neutralized. The specific functions of leukocyte cells ensure their ability to act in any situation. Leukocytes last as long as they live, approximately 12-15 days.

White bloody bodies are consigned to the following vows:

• The brain function of white blood cells is dry. Steadily moving through the bloodstream, the stench carries its own “patrol”, which indicates the appearance of disruptors – harmful viruses or bacteria.
• Once a pathogenic microorganism is identified, leukocytes generate antibodies to fight it. When illness is detected, when a person has already become ill, specific antibodies are generated that are necessary for the persistence of the illness itself.
• Phagocytosis is important for the immune system. Cells are phagocytes that destroy viruses and cell infections in the patient’s body. Leukocytes in the blood destroy other toxic products of life and harmful agents.
• Different types of leukocytes are destroyed by pathogens at the cost of a healthy life. The cut tissues are covered with other white blood cells.
• The regenerative role of leukocytes plays in damaged tissues and cells.

This process is confirmed by the results of the analysis.

On the basis of removing these data, the doctor can carry out diagnostics and indicate appropriate treatment. Why are blood leukocytes so important to humans?

Types of leukocytes

The blood shows the presence of mature and immature cells. Neutrophils are the largest group in the vast majority of white blood cells. Segmented neutrophils – mature cells – circulate in the blood. The body contains a large number of rod neutrophils, immature cells that mature when viruses and bacteria penetrate. An infected cell is designated as “unsafe”, which is what it is. Neutrophils decompose and process foreign cells, microorganisms and parts of damaged cells for the release of moisture enzymes. The skin neutrophil can neutralize more than 20 bacteria, otherwise the loss of this function can lead to the death of the skin.

Lymphocytes are another group of white blood cells due to their number. The process of destruction of foreign cells, which is formed by lymphocytes, also leads to the depletion of cancer cells. The lymphocytes themselves can show that the development of a new creation is beginning. These cells live for up to 20 years, circulate through the blood and penetrate the tissues of the body. Some lymphocytes are responsible for recognizing foreign agents, while others generate the necessary antibodies to fight them.

Monocytes move to the center of infection after neutrophils. The greatest activity is found in acidic media. The skin monocyte is destroyed and neutralizes hundreds of harmful agents. Also, the stench of decayed neutrophils and inflammation of the skin of scorched tissue.

The active functions of monocytes regulate the process of hematopoiesis and have a beneficial effect on the breakdown of blood clots.

Basophils in the blood occur in very small quantities (less than 1%), but they contain important biologically active substances. Their quantity increases significantly with leukemia, acute inflammation and severe stress. A slight increase in the level of basophils is avoided in case of chronic inflammation and various allergic reactions.

Leukocyte formula

For leukocytes, as well as other blood cells, there is a basic norm that is required for a healthy body. Rehabilitation from the norm is indicative of possible health problems and illnesses. The total number of white blood cells has a lower numerical value than leukocytes per liter of blood or 1 mm 3 . The norm for adults is 4–9 × 109/l, 4–9 billion/l or 4000-9000 per 1 mm3. As a result of the analysis, leukocytes may be designated as WBC.

An extensive blood test called a leukogram is used to detect hundreds of different types of leukocytes in relation to the total number. The result is determined by the leukocyte formula. This analysis is carried out in order to determine the level of changes or decreases in any type of white blood cells. The normal leukocyte formula for an adult looks like this:

Non-medical causes of leukocytosis

A high level of leukocytes in the patient's blood is called leukocytosis. Such a state can fall due to many reasons, and not all are related to illness. There are certain physiological factors, as well as psychoemotional factors, that can provoke an increase in the number of white blood cells.

• A large meal before blood sampling. It is not advisable to carry out analyzes more urgently, since a meal saturates the body with living substances and “launches” metabolic processes in the body. During this period, the WBC indicator rises significantly.
• Physical exercise for 48 years before the blood test. Sports training, helping relatives with moving and repairs provokes the development of leukocyte production.
• For women during pregnancy and during the first month after pregnancy, the level of white blood cells in the blood rises to the accepted norm. This is not a pathology or damage, but the doctor follows the level of WBC.
• Overheating and hypothermia cause stress for the body, and the body begins to produce leukocytes. A hot bath in the morning or a fresh bath on the street until the laboratory opens, as a result of the reduction of leukocytes in the blood.
• During the post-vaccination period, beware of the depletion of white blood cells, which are produced to create the necessary antibodies.
• During the period after surgical intervention, a short-term increase in the number of leukocytes is normal.

Medical causes of leukocytosis

Movements of white blood cells can mean disorder or damage to important organs and systems in life. To exclude non-medical causes of leukocytosis and clear the doctor's laboratory, a repeat blood test may be necessary. Sickness and other disorders of the body that can cause an increase in leukocytes in the patient’s blood:

• Fire caused by harmful microorganisms (infected purulent wounds, appendicitis, abscess, etc.)
• Infectious illness (sepsis, inflammation, meningitis, various types of nephritis, etc.)
• Immune cell disorders (lymphocytosis, etc.)
• Systemic autoimmune diseases (black sheep, inflammation of the cartilage, etc.)
• Great skin enrichment with opikas
• External or internal bleeding
• Development of cancer tumors and metastasis

Leukopenia

To live, humans need an immune system, which is what leukocytes are responsible for. A low level of white blood cells reduces the immune defense of the body, causing it to spread to foreign agents. Leukocyte deficiency, leukopenia, may have various causes.

• Virulation of leukocytes occurs in the cerebrospinal fluid. For any damage to the cerebrospinal fluid, there is a decrease in hematopoiesis. The normal number of leukocytes, erythrocytes and leukocytes decreases, as shown by other tests.
• A decrease in leukocytes in a blood sample may indicate its localization in the middle of the fire.
• After toxic action, toxins, exchange and chemotherapy prevent a decrease in leukocytes.
• In addition to leukocytes, there is a deficiency in the quantity of other blood cells, which is explained by a deficiency of saliva, copper, folic acid and group B vitamins.
• When fighting against cancer cells, which are rapidly developing, the body is constantly able to produce a sufficient number of white blood cells.
• The number of white blood cells may decrease due to taking certain medications (antibiotics, etc.)
• In isolated episodes, severe stress and emotional turmoil lead to a low level of leukocytes.

Damage to white blood cells, unspecified, can lead to uncontrolled development of illness and pathology in the patient’s body. Since the results of the blood test showed a decrease in nutrition, the number of leukocytes corresponds to the norm. For an ongoing investigation, a leukogram is assigned. It is important to show that the patient's symptoms and symptoms can be assessed by ultrasound, MRI, cross-sectional analysis, biopsy and other types of follow-up.

In contact with

(Carbon dioxide) at the gate directly.

However, in addition to the participation in the process of breathing, stench also has the following functions in the body:

• take part in the regulation of acid-water flow;
• support isotonicity of blood and tissues;
• adsorb amino acids and lipids from blood plasma and transfer them to tissues.

Formation of red blood cells

b) Then it turns into a red color - now the erythroblast

c) changes in size during the development process - now it is a normocyte

d) consumes the nucleus – now a cereticulocyte. In birds, plunderbugs, amphibians and fish, the nucleus simply loses activity rather than retains the activity of reactivation. At the same time, ribosomes and other components that take part in protein synthesis emerge from the nuclei of the mature erythrocyte from its cytoplasm.

Reticulocytes are consumed by the circulatory system and within a few years become full-fledged red blood cells.

Structure and warehouse

Cause red blood cells to form the shape of a biconcave disc and contain the important dichotomous pigment hemoglobin. In other creatures (for example, a camel, a toad), the red blood cells have an oval shape.

Instead of the erythrocyte, the main component is the dichotomous pigment hemoglobin, which represents the red color of the blood. However, at the early stages the amount of hemoglobin in them is low, and at the stage of erythroblasts the color of cells is blue; Later, the cabbage becomes gray and, when completely ripe, begins to swell.

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) of humans.

An important role of the erythrocyte is the cellular (plasma) membrane, which allows gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide), ions ( , ) and water to pass through. The plasma membrane is pierced by transmembrane proteins - glycophorins, which contain a large amount of excess sialic acid and result in approximately 60% negative charge on the surface of erythrocytes.

On the surface of the lipoprotein membrane there are specific antigens of glycoprotein nature - aglutinogens - factors of blood group systems (at the moment more than 15 blood group systems have been implanted: AB0, Rh factor, Duffy, Kell, Kidd), which represent agl jutination of erythrocytes.

The efficiency of hemoglobin functioning depends on the size of the surface area of ​​the erythrocyte from the core. The total surface of all blood erythrocytes in the body is greater than their size. In the lower spinal cords, the erythrocytes are large (for example, in the tailed amphibian amphium - 70 μm in diameter), the erythrocytes of the higher spinal ridges are large (for example, in a goat - 4 μm in diameter). The diameter of a human erythrocyte is 7.2-7.5 microns, thickness - 2 microns, volume - 88 microns³.

Blood transfusion

When blood is transfused from the donor to the recipient, aglutination (gluing) and hemolysis (ruining) of erythrocytes are possible. Whatever happened, it is necessary to check the blood groups, as revealed by K. Landsteiner and Y. Yansky in 1900. Aglutination is caused by proteins found on the surface of the red blood cell - antigens (aglutinogens) and antibodies found in the plasma (aglutinins). There are 4 blood groups, the skin is characterized by different antigens and antibodies. Transfusions are only possible between representatives of the same blood group. But, for example, blood group I (0) is a universal donor, and IV (AB) is a universal recipient.

Place in the body

The shape of the biconcave disk ensures the passage of red blood cells through the narrow lumens of the capillaries. The capillaries collapse at a speed of 2 centimeters per line, which gives them an hour to transfer the sourness from hemoglobin to myoglobin. Myoglobin acts as an intermediary, receiving sourness from hemoglobin in the blood and transmitting it to cytochromes in meat cells.

The number of erythrocytes in the blood is normally maintained at a constant level (in humans there are 4.5-5 million erythrocytes in 1 mm³ of blood, in livestock there are 15.4 million (llama) and 13 million (goat) erythrocytes, in creepers - in ID 500 thousand. ). up to 1.65 million, in cartilaginous fish – 90-130 thousand.) The number of erythrocytes decreases with anemia, and increases with polycythemia.

The lifespan of a human erythrocyte is on average 125 (about 2.5 million erythrocytes are created and the same number is lost). In dogs - 107 days, in rabbits - 68.

Pathology

Human red blood cells of different shapes (diagram).

Literature

• Yu.I Afansiev Histology, Cytology and Embryology. / Shubikova E.A. - it’s been re-cut and added. - Moscow: "Medicine", 2002 r_k. – 744 p. - ISBN 5-225-04523-5

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Wonder what “Red bloody calves” are in other dictionaries:

RED BLOOD CELLS, alternatively the name erythrocytes has been expanded. Red bloody calves. Electronic microphotographs of human blood corpuscles (clits) have been intelligently prepared for the little ones, increasing in 1090 times. The stench takes shape. Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

RED BLOODY CALF- RED BLOODY CALF, div. Erythrocytes...

Wonderful people. Shelter. In humans, red blood cells have an average diameter of about 7.7 thousandths of mm. (from 4.5 to 9.7 for Welker), in other species their diameter can range from 2.5 (musk deer) to 10; All ssavtsiv K. have blood.

red bloody calves- Honey. erythrocytes and red blood cells. The number of red blood cells ranges from 3.8 to 5.8 million per 1 ml. Since it is less than normal, it means that red blood cells are not produced, which in turn indicates anemia. To confirm and let it slip... Universal supplementary practical dictionary I. Mostitsky

Leukocytes, lymphoid cells, lymphatic cells, indifferent light cells, as well as phagocytes, micro and macrophages (see below). This is what they call blood clots from red blood bags, social and rich others... Encyclopedic Dictionary by F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efrona

HEMOLYSIS- HEMOLYSIS, HEMATOLYSIS (from the Greek haima blood and lysis is broken), a phenomenon in which the stroma of erythrocytes shrinks, leaks, and diffuses around the middle; In this case, the blood or dependence of erythrocytes becomes clear (“lacquered ... Great Medical Encyclopedia

Spring vibrations have frequencies of approximately 1.5 2 104 Hz (15 20 kHz) and up to 109 Hz (1 GHz), the frequency range U. from 109 to 1012 13 Hz is commonly called Hypersound. The frequency range of the U. can be divided into three sub-regions: U. low. Great Radyanska Encyclopedia

The blood is dull at the clash of the spinning of the spinning of the depressions of the hemorronts of the same pancakes: the Sudini scare in the vigilant cord of the mesodermic celitin, the call to the sodini sting, and ... Encyclopedic Dictionary by F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efrona

- (lien, splen) the largest lymphatic congestion, which is even constant in spinal creatures and also becomes constricted in those without spines. So, in a scorpion, a long cord stretches over the nerve lance of the petiole, which is a phagocytic cell... Encyclopedic Dictionary by F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efrona

- (lien, splen) the largest lymphatic congestion, which is even constant in spinal creatures and also becomes constricted in those without spines. So, in a scorpion, a long cord stretches over the nerve lance of the petiole, which is a phagocytic cell... Encyclopedic Dictionary by F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efrona

What about the analysis? Secrets of medical tests - for patients Evgen Oleksandrovich Grin

1.1.2. Red bulls

1.1.2. Red bulls

Red blood cells, also known as red blood cells, are small round flat cells with a diameter of approximately 7.5 microns. The red blood cell has a unique shape. So, along the edges it is thicker, lower in the center, and the bulk matches the shape of the biconcave lens. It is important that this form is the most optimal, and therefore it ensures maximum saturation of red blood cells with acid as they pass through the pulmonary capillaries, and with carbonic acid as they pass through internal organs and tissues.

How long are the erythrocytes in a normal range?

Small 1. This is what red blood cells look like

Once again, the quantity remains unchanged and reaches the norm for men: 4-5 x 1012 g/l, and for women – 3.7-4.7 x 1012 g/l.

Of course, one cannot do without the presence and display of the quantity of erythrocytes. With certain illnesses, their volume may either change or drop sharply.

So, for example, a decrease in red blood cells, similar to hemoglobin, can indicate the development of anemia.

Well, here you can’t do without some peculiarities. On the right, in various forms of anemia, the quantity of erythrocytes and the amount of hemoglobin often decrease disproportionately, and the quantity of hemoglobin itself in the erythrocyte may vary. It is important to be careful when performing a clinical blood test, since it is immediately necessary to determine the color indicator, which is later, and the average instead of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte. It is often necessary to provide invaluable assistance to a Swedish doctor in making a correct diagnosis of various forms of anemia.

It is also important to remember about the possibility of a pathological increase in the number of red blood cells, which is briefly called erythrocytosis in medical science. This indicator can grow up to 8-12x1012 g/l or more. Unfortunately, both for the doctor and for the patient, this fact is increasingly becoming known about the development of one form of leukemia, which is called erythremia. Naturally, episodes of compensatory increase are suppressed if the increase in the number of red blood cells is avoided in response to people's experiences in extreme mentalities, for example, in the mountains or in the fields at high altitudes, where the atmosphere is charged with sourness. However, often a compensatory increase in the number of erythrocytes increases in sick people who experience an increase in the number of erythrocytes, for example, with emphysema, pneumosclerosis, chronic bronchitis And other illnesses that are accompanied by mental failure, and illnesses that are accompanied by cardiac failure.

It is also important not to forget about other possible erythrocytoses, a clear representative of which is erythrocytosis, known under the name parneoplastic (Greek para - white, with; neo... + Greek plasis - illuminate). This phenomenon occurs in various forms of cancer of the cervix, subglottis, and other organs.

It is important to know that with the development of various pathological processes, the shape and size of red blood cells can change unexpectedly, which is an important diagnostic sign. Thus, in case of anemia, the blood may contain red blood cells of different sizes, which is called anisocytosis in the medical world. Moreover, red blood cells of normal size are called normocytes, larger ones are called macrocytes and changes, as you might guess, are called microcytes. The rest become more pronounced in hemolytic anemia, anemia after chronic bleeding, as well as in severe illnesses. Increased red blood cells are prevented in case of B 12 -, folate-deficiency anemia, malaria, as well as in case of illness of the liver and lungs. Often in B 12 -, folate-deficiency anemias and rarely in acute leukemias, even large red blood cells, which are called megalocytes, become constricted. In addition to changing sizes, when sick red blood cells can take on contorted, worm-shaped, pear-shaped and many other irregular shapes. This phenomenon is called poikilocytosis and is explained as the result of defective regeneration of red blood cells that occurs in the cerebrospinal fluid. Poikilocytosis is often a sign of B 12 deficiency anemia.

Various episodes of specific changes in the shape of erythrocytes in various congenital illnesses. For example, if the red blood cell is shaped like a sickle, this indicates the presence of sickle cell anemia. Another type of damage to the shape of target-like red blood cells is characterized by a shortened section in the center, which gives them a target-like appearance. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced in thalassemia or in cases of lead deficiency.

Small 2. This is what a pathologically changed red blood cell looks like

Do not forget that it is possible to detect in the blood of young forms of erythrocytes - called reticulocytes, the norm of which is no more than 0.2–1.2% of the total number of erythrocytes. Changing the number of reticulocytes allows you to judge the size of the bone marrow and quickly return the number of erythrocytes to normal in anemia. So, for example, in case of treated B12-deficiency anemia, one of the first signs of fatigue and an increase in reticulocytes in the blood is called reticulocytosis. At the same time, when the number of reticulocytes in the blood increases as much as possible, a reticulocyte crisis occurs.

However, when there is a decrease in the level of reticulocytes in severe anemia, it is a bad sign that the regenerative capacity of the cerebrospinal fluid is reduced.

In cases where anemia is present and reticulocytosis is present, it is necessary to carry out the entire range of diagnostic procedures, since this fact can indicate metastases of cancer in the medulla and other forms of leukemia.

Another indicator when working with erythrocytes is the color indicator, which is normally 0.86-1.05. A change in this indicator, both in the case of a decrease and in the case of movement, can indicate the presence of illness. If the color index is higher than 1.05, then we can talk about the presence of hyperchromia (Greek. hyper- Above, above, along that side; chroma– color) and appears in people with B12-deficiency anemia.

So, as soon as there is a decrease in the color indicator by 0.8, it is less indicative of hyperchromia (Greek. hypo- below, under), which most often occurs in hyalodeficiency anemia. Hypochromic anemia often develops with malignant tumors, often with carcinoma of the vulva.

In cases where the number of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin decreases, and the color indicator is within the normal range, we can speak of normochromic anemia, which can be referred to as so-called hemolytic and aplastic anemia. In this case, in the first case, the cerebrum experiences the destruction of insufficient erythrocytes.

Another indicator that characterizes the volume excess or shortage of red blood cells in the blood is the hematocrit number or hematocrit. To put it simply, hematocrit is the connection between erythrocytes and plasma. The index for men is 04-048, and for women - 036-042.

By analogy with other indicators, a decrease or increase in hematocrit indicates the presence of illness. Thus, a decrease in the hematocrit number is avoided in case of anemia and diluted blood and is caused by the treatment of a large number of medicinal diseases or a large number of drugs in general.

Increased display may occur with erythremia - a form of severe oncological blood disease and compensatory erythrocytosis.

Dozens of different illnesses can spill over into someone else’s home. Stinks can originate from the three main components of blood. Red blood cells that transport jelly to the tissues of the body; white blood cells that fight infections; thrombocytes, zavdyaki what kind of shelter can be swallowed up. Blood poisoning can also affect a rare part of the blood - plasma.

Blood poisoning, which is how red blood calves affect

The greatest extent of damage that occurs in red blood cells:

Blood diseases that affect white blood cells

Anemia

Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the amount of red blood cells and a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. There are three main groups of anemia: anemia, anemia, which occurs through the destruction of erythrocytes, and anemia, which occurs through an increase in the formation of erythrocytes.

Fluid deficiency anemia is a widespread enlargement of the body, which reduces the volume of fluid in the body, as a result of which the production of hemoglobin and red blood cells are impaired. The most common cause of such anemia is often minor bleeding. The amount of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood decreases. For such anemia, medications are prescribed including a diet containing a large amount of meat, eggs, fish caviar, etc.

Anemia as a result of impaired erythrocyte formation can be spasmodic, due to lead, or due to a lack of vitamin B12 or folic acid, etc. At the basis of spasmodic anemia lies a spasmodic disruption of one of the enzymes that affects the production of erythrocytes. Such anemia is caused by the depletion of red blood cells. If there is a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid, the formation of the active form of folic acid is disrupted, and without the formation of DNA, cell reproduction, including blood cells, is disrupted. Treatment – ​​administration of vitamin B12 and folic acid preparations. There is also hypoplastic anemia, due to which the vibration of all blood elements is disrupted. The reasons for such an anemi, Ale put on the moment of a boti of the Grace of the XIMICHIC, the number of LIKIV, ShO Volodiyut with goggling bloodsuvernitaries (way, levomice, Analgin, Insecticidi I T.D.). Treatment of such anemia is important, it is important to administer red blood cell mass.

Anemia is a result of increased red blood cell turnover - these are hemolytic anemias, which occur during transfusion of abnormal blood group, during Rh-conflicts between the mother and the fetus. There are episodic types of hemolytic anemia. The main method of treatment is the removal of erythrocyte breakdown products from the body and blood transfusion.

Leukemia and leukemia

Leukemia or leukemia is a common term that characterizes a group of acute and chronic swelling diseases of the blood system. With leukemia, leukocytes do not mature sufficiently, and their powerful functions can be lost to protect the body from viruses and bacteria. The number of such immature cells (blasts) literally replenishes the circulatory system and internal organs and causes the development of the main symptoms of illness - anemia, bleeding, various infections, fatigue, increased and impaired function cleansing of the organs.

The reasons for the illness are unknown. It was also noted that leukemia more often occurs after ionization and exposure to the infusion of certain chemical drugs and viruses.

Leukemia can be acute or chronic. Acute leukemia is divided into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (in which blast-lymphocytes grow) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (in which blast-granulocytes grow). Chronic leukemia is divided into chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia and hairy cell leukemia (the disease is especially common in summer people).

Treatment of leukemia - first of all, suppressed reproduction and depletion of blasts, fragments of one or two cells that are lost can lead to a new illness.

Hemorrhagic diseases

Hemorrhagic diseases are a group of illnesses of a sluggish or full-blown nature, the most common manifestation of which is a tendency to intense, most often distressing bleeding and hemorrhage.

The cause of hemorrhagic diseases may be changes in the blood vessels, minor or obvious inferiority of platelets, or disruption of the laryngeal blood system. The skin, due to these reasons, can be called either a spasmodic or an influenza form of hemorrhagic diseases. The mechanism for the development of hemorrhagic diseases may be different, and treatment is also much different.

Remember: any change in blood supply will require careful restraint.

Galina Romanenko