"anatomy of global technological revolutions" Art. sheepmen

Civilization is no longer just checking the current state of change—the world is changing right away. The first two industrial revolutions concealed the growing kindness of people and resettled them.

The stench has brought the planet to its limits: nature has sent a message to humanity - environmental problems. It seems likely that the third industrial revolution will finally change not only business, but people’s lives.

Having lifted the veil of the future, the team of light experts conveys the following changes:

The energy sources will be renewable resources - wind, sun, water and geothermal sources. This is where colossal investments are made directly. The availability of “green” energy for residents will be much less than that found in the cheapest coal TES.

Booths of industrial significance and living quarters will become energy, for which we have mini-windmills, solar batteries and heat pumps.

If technologies for saving energy and resources are dissected and used - absolute recycling is transferred to excess waste and flows of electricity, water, steam, any heat, as well as household and industrial waste.

The development of 3D printer technology will allow us to move to the production of piece meat and natural skin. The process of removing meat in this way takes up a whole lot of work, which will require 3 times less energy, 10 times less water, less for the production of veal and pork, and greenhouse effluents will be shortened by 20 times.

Part of the rural dominion will be transferred to the minds of men, so that the technology of vertical farms will become possible. In the “silky spodars”, the temperature and moisture may be of a stable nature, so it is possible to harvest 3-4 times per river.

The world is confident that the third industrial revolution will come much earlier, the remainder will be drained from the ground, and the excess middle ground can still be drained.

Pennies of the future

Judging by current trends, the money of the future is in electronic cryptocurrencies. In this context it is especially important to follow. You won’t spend the coins insured for this.

The article briefly examines that the technological revolutions that have already occurred have caused the replacement of objects of competition (knowledge, technology and the development of machines and mechanisms). These objects were affected by direct wind power (water, steam, electricity and carbohydrates). Then, starting from the fifth technological order, a revolution arose, which marked the transition to a clearly new design, which directs the action of its intellectual forces on new objects of competition, and itself on the basis of and types of convergence of nano, bio, information and computer technologies. In this case, directed at the new subject of competition, a new logic of cooperation began to be developed (subject to change of standards and exchange of information), which ensured access to the intellectual forces of the global technological resource.

Enter

Humanity has experienced five technological revolutions. Often the transition from one technological structure to another is accompanied by a crisis and collapse of the old technological structure of the economy. As a result, the use of old technologies and complementary products is decreasing over time, and the demand for resources is increasing. As a result, businesses incur non-transferable expenses, lose their clients, profits, and banks become more careful in the form of loans, investors sink to the bottom (stock market), hoping to preserve their capital. All at once, there are numerous problems for entrepreneurs who have not yet encountered one of these or other reasons, such as not wanting to direct their activities to a new subject of competition (knowledge, technology and production of products with new values), so promotes confidence in investors and in the sale of products.

In each technological system, there may be competition from previous systems. For example, in Russia at the moment the technology of the third (electric drives of various machines and mechanisms, divided into the beginning of the last century), the fourth (lower platforms for oil and gas production) and the fifth technological structure is stagnant as a subject of competition ів (dirty communications of businesses using an additional computer 'Yuteriv, electronic systems, INTERNET). However, gradually, at the top of the current technological structure, technologies of the next technological structure are maturing, which are directly aimed at the modernization of objects of competition from advanced technological structures.

For example, carbohydrate technologies should rightly be placed before the competition of the fourth technological order. These objects will require different movements of internal combustion. Moreover, the technologies of the fifth technological order, using special additives derived from additional nanotechnology, effectively increase the wear resistance of tools and the amount of resources. Such a modification of the objects of competition, developed in the era of the fourth technological order, allows them to properly continue their life cycle and preserve their competitive advantages at the proper level.

In Fig. 1 is induced by the main system design, which characterizes competition in the skin technological structure. The subject of competition includes knowledge, technology and product development. Before actions aimed at competition, there are different ways of converting resources from the leadership or intellectual power, as well as a variety of logics of action (divided into the processes of technological lanyards, the exchange of light evidence and and koristannya of the shortest light standards).

When moving to a new technological structure, the entire system design inevitably changes in order to place objects and activities directly on competition. The old design no longer satisfies the employers, and the amount of money spent on its maintenance steadily increases with geometric progression, just as productivity increases with arithmetic progression. Changing the design increases the investment potential of enterprises and allows for a significant reduction in expenditures on activities directed towards new areas of competition.

1. First technological revolution

In other countries, the emergence of the first technological structure and the objects associated with it and such competition took place between 1785 and 1843, and just before its emergence occurred in England. At that time, England was the largest importer of bean germs. This meant that the products of English industrialists were not susceptible to global competition. This situation could only be reversed with the help of an additional structure, which would replace the human power with the universal power of the rulers. Based on the concepts of objects and competition in Fig. 1, it can be confirmed that the English craftsmen, finding themselves unable to compete with Indian weavers, fabrics that were shorter and cheaper, tried to weave items of competition, in order to accumulate knowledge, master new technologies and mechanize textile production for additional assistance re-creation of resources from the leadership, as well as a new logic of action based on manufactories(Directed to the hem from the spinning of yarn and fabrics).

With the introduction of spinning and weaving machines, the technological revolution of the agricultural industry has not yet ended. On the right, the textile (as well as any other machine) workbench consists of two parts: a working machine (animal machine), which carefully processes the material, and a motor (resource), which collapses this working machine. The technological revolution began with the wild car. Since previously a worker could only work with one spindle, the machine could wrap a lot of spindles, as a result of which the productivity of the machine increased by about 40 times. Ale blamed the inconsistency between the productivity of the machine and the power of the river. To eliminate this inconsistency, it was necessary for the force of falling water to become the ruddy force of textile machines.

Ale all this industrial developments are put under threat through the availability of necessary resources. There were not many rivers everywhere, so there was a real war for water between the enterprises. The owners of the lands on the banks of the rivers did not waste time in taking away their part of the profit, which drove up the price of plots of land. In essence, the rulers of the lands played the role of unscrupulous distributors. Therefore, the entrepreneur was hoping to avoid the need to pay a significant amount of pennies in the form of rent to the landowner, in the monopoly of which there was land on the birch river. All at once, the entrepreneurs began to actively search for a new leadership force in order to ensure the productivity of the business, which is growing, with a sufficient resource. And such power was found in the sight of the bet. As a result, there is a shortage of “water” resource, which calls for a change in design, so that the “steam resource” needs to be changed. Competition and cooperation of small textile enterprises came at the expense of competition and cooperation of technological innovations of great manufactories.

2. Another technological revolution

This revolution began in 1780-1896. From James Watt's output of a universal steam engine, which could act as a motor for any working mechanism. Back in 1786 in London the first steam pancake was in full swing; A textile steam factory was set up in the region before Cymbul. The process of mastering the new is now complete subject of competition, shown in Fig. 1, which consists of knowledge, technology and production of various steam engines and mechanisms. Dii, directly on this subject of competition were grounded on vikoristannya rukhovoi pari power, as well as on Logic of action, based on the development of new standards of textile production.

With the emergence of a steam resource, factories could be deprived of river valleys, where the stinks moved in a fortified area, and approached the markets, where the stinks could be filled with ore, goods and working hands. The first steam engines, which appeared in the 17th century, played a significant role in other types of economic activity. Thus, James Watt's steam engine could be used as a universal platform in various industrial and transport applications (locomotives, steam melters, steam drives of spinning and weaving machines, steam mills, steam hammers), as well as other operations y. With this history, the outcome of the universal steam engine will soon prove the validity of the Chinese formula of “investment happiness” in the fact that the technological revolution is not just a matter of output. The Russian mechanic Polzunov built his steam engine earlier for Watt, but in Russia at that time it was not needed and they forgot about it, just as they obviously forgot about a lot of other “unfortunate” discoveries.

3. The third technological revolution

The third technological revolution took place between 1889 and 1947. As a result, entrepreneurs are trying to reduce their competitiveness on a similar level. Ale is the front subject of competition of indications in Fig. 1 (knowledge and technology of production of steam engines), and those with it were no longer satisfied with the new benefits of the price and quality of products. Numerous steam engines ensured constant observation and presence of people. This did not control the prevailing bets, and the world began to look for another system design, which would significantly increase the resource of the military force. Subject to global competition became electric machines and mechanisms, introduced into new production methods, and dii, directly directed at them, they began to vikorize the Rukh power of electricity. Once again, it was necessary to accumulate knowledge and technology for the generation of new rukhov power and find a new design for access to this rukhov power. The key moment of the advent of a new technological structure was the development of Thomas Edison and his further actions through the creation of private companies to preserve the electrical resource. The increased possibility of transmitting electrical energy has made it possible to develop new forms of communication, new technologies based on electric drives and simple conveyors.

It should be noted that the main side of Thomas Edison’s activity was the talent of a winemaker, and the genius of an entrepreneur and technologist who influences the output of life. By the way, everyone knows that Edison developed a generator of an alternating stream, having made a significant contribution to the design of a phonograph, a movie camera, a telephone, a drug machine (Vinayshov is not at fault at all). In the era of the third technological order, the technology for converting resources into electrical energy, as well as generating, transmitting and distributing electrical energy, was improved. The strength of the stations increased and the energy supply lines were connected with high-voltage transmission lines, and there was a gradual transition from centralized power supply to the surrounding enterprises before electrification. and entire countries. The expansion of electrically driven objects and processes in manufacturing has become an effective branch of industry. The main achievements of the third technological order were that only electrical energy was available to liquidate the gap between locally found natural energy resources (water dams, fire deposits) and the expansion of their Zhivachiv. The driving “electrical” force of magnetoelectric machines began to be discovered back in the 30s of the 19th century, but in practice this stream of knowledge and evaluation was limited to the modern technological order.

4. Fourth technological revolution

The fourth technological structure (1940-1990) emerged from the previous “electric” structure and became a substitute main subject of competition In Fig. 1, knowledge and technologies are directed to the transformation of energy in carbohydrates at universal rokhov power. As a result of the actions directed at this object, the movements of internal combustion appeared and on this platform there were cars, tractors, airplanes and other machines and mechanisms. Nuclear energy began its development long before its rise in the country’s economy. This is to prove that in life there is a steady process of updating knowledge, technology and the generation of resources and the design of the transformation of resources, which flows from them, in different types of flow force. This process is not driven by the human factor, which is inherent in the socio-economic system. The strategic recruitment of the most advanced entrepreneurs and their efforts to ensure global competition gradually led to the formation of new forms of cooperation.

The fourth technological structure has completely changed the appearance of the technological structure of the economy (tractors, mechanisms based on internal combustion engines, etc.) and has actually completed centuries of mechanization in various types of economical Reality. The most important concept is the development of new activities, investments in competitors (automobiles), the automobile production line itself, and the development of tractors, aircraft, etc. In the everyday life of the people there appeared mechanized household appliances, small-sized mechanisms for processing food products, and later electric shavers, saw cleaners, washing machines, dishwashing machines, musical devices and other complexes.

For this technological system, naphtha and gas, as well as their derivatives, became the most important global technological resources. Step by step, this resource was transformed into different types of power. With the help of these forces, many guilty countries secured the necessary economic growth. With the help of new types of flow forces, the economy of objects of competition has blossomed, which is based on the stagnant engines of internal combustion of various types. On this basis, various platforms have emerged for new models of machines, aircraft, tanks, cars, tractors, submarines and ships, and other military equipment. These platforms, backed by the driving force of the engines of internal combustion, have become a global subject of competition, in which a growing number of enterprises have begun to operate.

Thus, the fourth technological device has advanced the competitiveness of the economy for the economy new items of competition(knowledge, technologies and development of systems on the platform of internal combustion engines). On these objects it was directly dії technological lantsyuzhki sub-businesses, establishment of new standards of luminosity and exchange of information with other enterprises.

It is necessary to note that for the only time in history, the development of the Russian Empire of the USSR was able to quickly master the subjects of competition of the fourth technological structure in the period 1930-1940 rocks and, for now, in Galuz I'm ready. This has become a result of the great resources of the region, as well as the competent actions of the authorities, directed towards the creation of technologically advanced enterprises, in particular, the timely preparation of competent personnel, the development of the highest standards and the protection of the US The germs of the plant have been formed.

5. The technological revolution is upon us.

The trigger for the fifth technological revolution was the discovery of the transistor in 1956 by American physicists William Shockley, John Badin and Walter Bretten. For this achievement, the authors were honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics. The transistor revolutionized radio technology. Having given rise to new subjects of competition in Fig. 1, based on the achievements of microelectronics and, finally, calling for advanced microcircuits, microprocessors, computers and a variety of other communication systems without any input At this hour we cannot imagine our own life. The age of electronics, space and computers has emerged from the “primary mechanical” century.

At this stage, for the first time in history, the subject of competition in Fig. 1 (knowledge, technology and production) ceased to serve the purpose of simply replacing human power with the mechanical power of machines, as in the previous structures. Whose deputy subject of competition serving the purpose of developing hitherto unknown intellectual forces of mass automation of production, design of machines and management of enterprises. As a result, the most complex products were produced at the turn of the century interdisciplinary intellectual forces automation of machine design (CAD), technology management (APCS) and enterprise management (APS). Dii, These forces have led to a new logic in practice, the exchange of light evidence and the establishment of the highest light standards behind other gloomy Internet technologies. Such a deal will be pledged entirely Another way to convert resources into intellectual power, which rejected the name of the gloomy word " "cloud computing"

It should be noted that in the hours of the fourth technological order, the resource of intellectual power had already been exhausted, but it was still small, and there were not many companions. At the beginning stages of the development of cloud computing resources, scientists from universities and pre-study laboratories were used for collective creativity and intellectual strength sufficient for the creation of outputs and solutions. iv. Subject of competition the creation of various catalogs of knowledge and technologies for the production of components began. On this object it was straightened efforts to transform available resources into the intellectual power knowledge of catalogues.

Galusa's pioneer in transforming accessible resources into the intellectual power of knowledge was Yahoo's search system. There was a platform of knowledge in the sensei, and a fragment of the area in search of knowledge was separated by resources from the catalogue. Then the catalogs expanded and began to be searched everywhere at the same time as search methods developed. Currently, catalogs have lost popularity. We note that the current platform knows how to take revenge on even a lot of intellectual forces that are withdrawn from resources through other associative methods of action.

Today, the objects of competition are the knowledge catalogs of the Open Directory Project and DMOZ, which include information about 5 million resources, as well as the Google search engine, which contains about 8 billion documents. Actions directed at these subjects of competition allowed search engines such as MSN Search, Yahoo and Google to enter the international competition. In this country, new objects of competition (platforms of knowledge, technologies) are yet to be identified, which will be directly related to the convergence of technologies that are still poorly developed and inaccessible to the mass market. The news shows that the heels of the technological revolution are still shaking and we are facing a lot of new discoveries and consequences.

6. Shostak technological revolution

This revolution, even before and before the first in the history of mankind, is seen as actions directed at the main subjects of global competition in Fig. 1 (knowledge, nano, bio, information and cognitive and technology), not the spiritual power, but rather the intellectual power of people. Actions carried out in the advanced technological order in Galusia of gloomy communications and information search systems have led to the fact that the main resource has become investment in the form global gloomy technological resource, shown in Fig. 2. Throughout the fourth and fifth technological order, global competition in this world was pushed for the most pressing global resource (dollars), which comes from the United States and credits the largest number of American buyers.

The main driving force of enterprises, directly driven by competition, has become livable credit. At the same time, creditors flattened their eyes on the fact that credit risks grew and a significant part of the custodial loans did not return. Then, a great supply of goods and services to the US market was encouraged, serving as a locomotive for improving the parameters of the life cycle of manufacturing products of the fifth technological order in the USA, EU countries, China and other countries. During the transition of the world economy to the sixth technological system, a systemic breakdown occurred, which revealed a depletion of the credit resource. This will lead to the collapse of the global financial system and the investment market. Now, on the ruins of the old model, the contours of a new model are emerging, oriented towards the improvement of investment profitability and other parameters of the life cycle of producers with the help of systemic innovation breakthroughs. In other words, credit as the economic power of the economy has been sacrificed for the sake of intellectual power, aimed at the convergence of high technologies.

Due to the massive stagnation of innovation, a new technological structure is emerging in various types of economical activities. Yogo basic subject to global competition Raises knowledge, technology and generation of intellectual power unprecedented heights of collective creativity. Actions created for the main subject of competition reveal and understand the inconsistencies between the benefits of investors and the growing complexity of actions, investing in different ways of converting resources into intellectual power and I understand the logic behind the scenes.

It became clear that the systemic design that is made up of disparate technology parks, clusters, and venture funds around the world, with new minds clearly not capable of implementing such projects. At the same time, the role of cooperation between enterprises, the development of the highest standards of light and the exchange of knowledge and competencies has grown enormously.

To transform investment resources into a new form of intellectual power, new titles will be required global dark technological resource of knowledge, technology and products that reduces the risks of investors It will ensure the implementation of systems with a high level of human intelligence. And to access a new global technological resource, you need everything else system design, which can ensure access for innovative businesses from different countries to a new resource from the method of generating new types of intellectual forces. Such a design is shown in Fig. 2 as a layer of silent intellectual shells connected to each other throughout the earthly culture through the use of dark communications. The intellectual skin membrane, in its own way, consists of a set of functional platforms.

The skin platform supports the singing norms, rules and standards for the transformation of resources, which are absorbed from them into new types of intellectual forces, similar to the complex design solutions in different countries and can clearly identify and solve the unexpected The differences between them. Therefore, the shell with platforms is being integrated into a new global innovative technological resource that can be transformed into a resource of intellectual forces available to other producers, distributors and knowledge producers, distributors and post-developers of technologies, producers intellectual strength from different parts of the world. Moreover, the shell itself is the same logic of action (Fig. 1) and is the basis for the cooperation of enterprises that transmits international practice, the establishment of shorter light standards and the exchange of light evidence.

The number of platforms at the skin's intellectual membrane is the main sign of this type of business activity. Since we have the shells on the right, which consist of two platforms (technology transfer and product development), this situation clearly indicates that our buildings are successfully modernizing the economy with the help of import of technologies and production of products. Since we are stagnant shells that consist of three platforms (knowledge, technology transfer and production of products), then we are experiencing the possibility of collective creativity in the creation of new types of intellectual forces directed at objects global competition.

Nature, objects and systems of design, shown in Fig. 1, are directly influenced by global competition in the sixth technological order, shown in greater detail in Fig. 3. . Here subject of competition is characterized by a high level of technology convergence in the NBIC and CCEIC designs (Design S (socio) + NBIC is still being discussed.). The first design means the interpenetration of nano(N), bio(B), info(I) and computer(C) technology through the implementation of the most complex projects in the history of mankind, which ensures the transformation of resources into intellectual and strength in various types of viral activity. Another design means the transformation of resources into intellectual power for the convergence of cloud computing (CC-cloud computing), enhanced by knowledge about the economic activity of enterprises (E), modeling of noise generators (I) and negative power systems (C).

Another design will ensure the transition until the intellectual power stagnates in these areas, while the human brain is being tested and where a high level of formalization of information is avoided. For example, there is a need for automation of accumulated financial information and its translation by foreign language. Minds in which there is global competition among six technological structures are characterized by the immediate presence of technologies from various advanced technological structures. In this case, the main actions of technological lanyards are directed at the development of intellectual forces in various types of human activity.

To eliminate the main activities of enterprises from technological lanyards, in particular global industrial centers, the ability to use intelligent shells is emerging, which will help cooperate with different enterprises. ah, the transformation of resources into intellectual powers. Cooperation may be based on a logic of action aimed at the exchange of information, the establishment of better standards and the distribution of goods. Of particular importance in this regard is the distribution of components from those countries where the best available products are available. In this case, all distributors who face competition must be discerning and put pressure on the distributors of products to achieve a given level of vigor.

Vlasnik System Design (a global industrial center) provides rental services for a variety of intelligent shells that comprise knowledge, technology and product development platforms. At the same time, Vlasnik identifies subjects of global competition, such as knowledge, technology and the development of innovative products. With the help of intelligent shells, Vlasnik gains the ability to connect to innovative and financial supermarkets, which will ensure insight, reliability and high efficiency in the transformation of resources of financial supermarkets on the Internet. intellectual forces of an innovative supermarket.

In Fig. Figure 4 shows the architecture of the knowledge platform that is included in the warehouse of the intelligent shell. This platform creates the minds for the work of another platform – the technology platform. Universities, scientific institutes, and other industrial centers know the owners of the platform. Vlasniki carry out activities aimed at accumulation, generation and knowledge of the transformation of resources into intellectual power. These actions include examination and evidence base of scientific research work (SDR). The right to use the platform is known to competent personnel (including managers from the scientific industry). These frames generate products, prior to which fundamental knowledge and publications lie. They work for an additional platform of knowledge activities, directly aimed at protecting patents and conducting business - examination of the processes of generation and knowledge creation.

As a partner of industrial centers, the power that is most involved in innovation, various international regulators of intellectual power, can act as a partner to ensure a reduction in the technological balance of payments (balance between income and expenses associated with the development of new technologies). The platform allows you to implement communications with private enterprises, such as promotion and investment in innovation of a global hard technological resource.

The platform is known for its intelligent shell and system design, which is linked to a wealth of other intelligent shells, and through them, to innovative supermarkets. Such supermarkets play an important role in transforming the knowledge and technology of transforming the resources of financial supermarkets into intellectual power and ensuring the clarity of production of parts for folding machines from different parts of the world. Our technologically advanced enterprises, with the help of industrial centers, create effective forms of cooperation in the international space through innovative breakthroughs and the development of convergent products from NBIC and CCEIC.

Figure 5 shows a technology platform that will ensure the transformation of the resources of financial supermarkets on the intellectual power of the NDDKR of a global high-quality technological resource. This platform creates the basis for robotic platforms of manufacturing enterprises, for example, in various countries, such as Japan and the EU. The platform views technology transfer and their convergence as the main subject of competition.

Moreover, as an important subject of competition, there are different mechanisms for regulating rights to technologies. Additional global technology expertise will ensure faster development of product ideas.

Vlasniks of the platform (and this can be both technological lanyards of small enterprises and outside of large enterprises) depending on the project orientation and critical approaches, mechanisms for protecting patents and business expertise reduce the risks of unscrupulous technologies and reduce your technological balance of payments. Such a balance is an important indicator of the innovative activity of enterprises, as it reflects income and expenses when the tax accrual is established.

This platform is of particular importance to the development of a clear and transparent distribution system. Distribution occupies an important place in any international field, the fragments of technological lanyards of enterprises work around the parts, and the serially assembled scientifically advanced viruses are generated by one of the great enterprises revenge Tim himself, a technologically advanced lanyard is similar to manufactories from the first technological structure, which is able to compete with other manufacturers and produce parts and components in the entire NBIC class.

An important priority for technological enterprises is personnel training. Here the heads of competence can lie at the level of innovation. Therefore, the main warehouse of fakhivtsev is created by scientific entrepreneurs, like Edison, as well as qualified engineers. Preparation and certification of personnel for competencies is carried out within the framework of project seminars accredited by corporate technology platforms. And an extremely important situation is that this platform gives the capitalists the ability to reduce innovative and financial risks when transforming, with the help of innovative and financial supermarkets, resources on the intellectual power of the vergence of NBIC technologies.

In Fig. 6, the architecture of the platform of virtual networks of enterprises connected with each other through additional dark communications was created. On the basis of this platform, commercial measures of enterprises are developed. They sell their products through science-related supermarkets. Investors and platform owners interact through financial supermarkets, which consequently reduce investors’ risks. The main subjects of global competition of the platform are knowledge and technologies of flexible lending, which are based on direct intellectual power, which include better standards, light data exchange, and infrastructure for cross-border transactions. knowledge of technological enterprises, competent technological forecasting, competent engineering corps and dark industrial centers.

The main actions of the platform are aimed at reducing the technological balance of payments and at accessing the resources of innovative supermarkets, which will ensure clear distribution of science-based products. Numerous enterprises from technological lanyards are victoriously communicating with each other to exchange projects based on the vicarious replacement of expensive physical layouts with their digital counterparts based on the solution class Product Lifecycle Management (PLM).

Visnovok

Thus, we took a very short look at the fact that the technological revolutions that have already arisen have caused the replacement of objects of competition (knowledge, technology and the development of machines and mechanisms). These objects were affected by direct wind power (water, steam, electricity and carbohydrates). Then, starting from the fifth technological order, a revolution arose, which marked the transition to a clearly new design, which directs the action of its intellectual forces on new objects of competition, and itself on the basis of and types of convergence of nano, bio, information and computer technologies. In this case, directed at the new subject of competition, a new logic of cooperation began to be developed (subject to change of standards and exchange of information), which ensured access to the intellectual forces of the global technological resource.

Literature:

Perez.K. Technological revolutions and financial capital. Dynamics of bulbs and periods of prosperity. M. Right. 2012. 232 p.

Ovchinnikov V.V. World competition. M. INES 2007. 358 p.

Ovchinnikov V.V. Global competition in the era of a wealthy economy. M. INES-MAIB 2011. 152 p.

Ovchinnikov V.V. Technology of global competition. M. INES-MAIB.2012. 280 pp.

Jeremy Rifkin. The third industrial revolution: How horizontal interactions efforts to change energy, the economy and the world in general /

; Prov. from English – M.: Alpina non-fiction, 2014. – 410 pp. Translator V'yacheslav Ionov, project designer for the project - M. Seregina.

After the “Third Revolution” by Elvin Toffler, which inspired the 90s of the last century, today the voice of the ideologist of the third industrial revolution, Jeremy Rifik, is gaining strength. This book, written in 2011 - shortly after the end of the first global economic crisis in 2008, was published in Russia - to tell us new things that we knew about for a long time, but did not want to take seriously (it is necessary to say that in 2011 release of the book of announcements Our other version is the journal “Ecology and Life”).

We are at the crossroads of the crosshairs created by the trends in the development of energy and computer science. And it is not given to us to capture it at sight - the systemic connection between economic growth and the growth of needs is as inseparable as the connection between the language and the people who pray on it. This intersection is characteristically reminiscent of the “Marshall cross” - the intersection of the curves is populated and propositions in economics lead to thinking about what is the basis of the economy? The author himself “adds fuel to the fire”, speaking about the role of energy in the economy: “ P by analyzing the actual economic growth of the United States and others.of these industrially guilty countries it appears that the capitalinvestments at the rate per worker, securelyThere is almost 14% of growth, but 86% of growth is not possibleHere's an explanation. Robert Solow, who won the Nobel PrizeI am for my theory of economic growth, just likethat 86% is a “showcase of our ignorance.” What is this 86% information stored in the economical “genome”, what to do, what else? Rifkin writes about the model, yak rozrobiv Rainer Kümmel from the University of Würzburg (Nimeczina), as a doctorenergy to the capitalla ta praci. Kümmel's model was tested using data on growth in the USA.Britain and Germany in the period from 1945 to 2000. shows whatenergy may be a “lack of factor”ry will ensure productivity and efficiencynomic growth.

Rifkin points out an important objective regularity - that throughout the entire history of mankind, its “energy capacity” - the total amount of energy that appears to have been growing all the time, and not just ki in absolute, in general and in petty (per capita) terms, then starting from the middle In the 70s of the last century, a lot of the energy that can be seen from the expansion of the economy falls on people, while the amount of information continues to grow inexorably.

Let’s go through Rifkin’s book with us at the same time - we “sniffed” besides “leaves from the book” so that you can see for yourself what is going on:

If we contribute less consistently, then Rifkin appreciates that the change in social energy and information characterizes the new development of husbandry, which he calls the third industrial revolution. Prote Rifkin is not a theorist, but rather an ideologist, so his descriptions should be carried out with great sweeps, great strokes. The report does not include a description of the operating mechanisms of the connection between energy and information - this is the subject of discussion, but does not mean the very fact of such a connection. The industrial revolution, which began in the 17th century with the launch of the steam engine, is classified as the first industrial revolution. This was due to the appearance of the steam engine* and the development of coal mines in connection with the line type and the origin of the periodic flow. “The rise of the energy of the bet from the Drukarsky right turned the other methods of mass information into the main communication tool for managing the first industrial revolution. The steam-powered machine with rollers, and the later rotary machine and the linotype, greatly increased the speed and significantly reduced the speed of the arm. Manufactured products in the form of newspapers, magazines and books were expanded by America and Europe, and at the same time, for the first time in history, a stimulus to mass literacy appeared. The creation of catless state schools on both continents between the 1830s and 1890s. led to the emergence of a competent workforce, flexible factory production, and efficient transport” - this was the first of the degeneration of the economy - the era of “vugilla and pari”.

* The original steam engine dates back to the 17th century. Papen represented a cylinder with a piston, which was lifted by the action of steam, and lowered by the pressure of the atmosphere after the thickening of the steam that was generated. On this same principle were Pivnochi and Newcomen's steam engines designed in 1705 to pump water out of digs. The remaining improvements in the steam engine were completed by James Watt in 1769.

“The third industrial revolution means the same thing for the 21st century that the first industrial revolution meant for the 19th century, and the other industrial revolution meant for the 20th century,” writes Rifkin. “In the first decade of the 20th century, the emergence of the electrical powers of communication escaped the wide range of internal combustion engines and gave rise to another industrial revolution.

It is clear that Rifkin's analysis is part of the “trend” of Bell's ideas, which is the beginning of the era of information supremacy, in which the production of information services and services will outweigh the material production. At the TSOMO “Trendі” - Marshall Makluen with the “galaxy Guttenberg”, Yakii Milijuvu, the rosvitka of the Drucarism of the Elektron -halt -Formal - Tsmi Zmіni of the founded proportions, and the lives of the boast of suspension **.

**It is worth noting that in McLuhan’s opinion, writing is the main technology that underlies the solution of human technologies and forms of sputtering, perhaps also the mechanism that underlies human knowledge: “...The leaf splits the audiotactile The totality of information about tribal people hangs on the first a plan for the visual warehouse of human sensitivity (there is a change in the proportion of feelings!) - writes McLuhan. And it immediately asks the nutritionists - “What will be the new changes in the mechanisms of perception and writing in the world as the old forms of thought and thought are modified in the new electric age?” Is it possible to eat the same food as Rifkin gives evidence?

However, you and I, together with Jeremy Rifkin, our great active participant, have settled not on the electric century, but on the century of Internet technology, which has increased the fluidity and availability of information more than a thousand times. It’s scary to go through the human barrier. Rifkin concentrates his attention on new, horizontal connections in the marriage, which not only arise from the growing “power lines” of information flows, but also from the thickening of information that “breaks through” the middle. and install numerous new ligaments that may cause great, but not divided, tension - similar to the fact that in the economy the process of continuation of the vertical trend of institutionalization of investors, which is straight in the wake of tighter gravels, begins to compete with the no less tight trend of growing horizontal of these alternative strategies, called the investment branch - retailization (for example, the Future of Alternative Investments).

Alternative strategies to the average business in the field of renewable energy are also based on the effectiveness of the vicarious distribution of energy flows - the energy of the sun and the wind, and are beginning to compete with themselves and compete with them. vertical institutions of traditional energy, which is a great and municipal business. This is already clearly revealed in the context of Reefin's development of a master plan for the city of San Antonio, in the state of Texas - America's largest naphtha province. In this history, the duration of nuclear reactor units and wind stations, which ended, led to a cavalcade in which the water supply on the “renewal” changes were between 5% of the government plan. nsuvannya, - “directed to support the infrastructure of another industrial revolution.” It is characteristic that this very 5-hundredth part of the inspired energy was initially considered “stable” energy in view of the release of the inspired energy in moderation. In this case, the productivity of nuclear reactors through safety measures is only increasing, while the productivity of the new generation engines is falling, losing parity, which as a result led to the scandalous introduction of the command of measures and the success of wind turbines - entirely to the point Here's to Don Quixote!

When considering practical solutions and major trends of TIR - the third industrial revolution (extraordinary example) - Rifkin vikoryst five “new” elements of the third industrial revolution -

1. Transition to renewed energy sources. 2. Reworked in an environmentally friendly micro-power station to extract energy from the renewing reactors directly into the living space. 3. Equipped with accumulators for energy that comes from the cylinders that periodically flow. 4. Transformation of energy management into an “energy Internet”. 5. Converting transport to electric traction using batteries and combustion elements.

Zagalom - there will be a rethinking of modern technology. This has a significant aspect of Rifkin’s merchandising in connection with our engagement with entropy - just as when we burn the fire, we increase the entropy of the excess medium, then when we collect the absorbed energy, we It’s the same as all organisms in nature that select and accumulate negative entropy (negentropy), maintaining a level of high organization and low entropy throughout the course of your life. An hour of living under this condition is the most important resource for any organism.

“Moreover, the energy and communications infrastructure of the third industrial revolution that is about to emerge will change our approach to assessing economic success,” writes Rifkin, signifying the transition to economy of power (hundreds of buyers, seller), to the economy of time-hour access (virobnik-orendar), if Volodinya be - any product - a piece of furniture or a car that does not break down throughout the life cycle of the product - “Hour becomes the most important product!”

This book has new things that we knew about, but didn’t want to take seriously. We appreciate the fact that the world is changing today, and we can, at a minimum, acknowledge this change, accept the new situation we find ourselves in – and get started!

Rifkin is an American who traveled to Europe in order to experience the endless pragmatism of his companions: “Feeling like a world stranger in my own land, I decided not to try the wise sake of Horace Grey li *, what kind of wine giving the skin dissatisfied camp to cope with 1850 rub. .: “Go to Zahid, young man, go to Zahid,” and having gone straight across the ocean to old Europe, new ideas were taken seriously before the future humanity. Well, speaking directly to the more civilized and knowledgeable Europeans - and there, at seminars with the heads of great companies and discussions with members of the Pro-Parliament and heads of government (ourselves before Angela Mergel), he concludes his and ideas. The book, which is intended to serve as a guide to the nutritional problems that people often experience, is a FAQ for skeptics who will understand the significance of the energy-information crisis that is Rifkin. not only to study and feel, but to carry on in life - explaining in meetings with politicians and businessmen have their own batch of maturing transformations. But it is not the same - one by one it is impossible to carry out any large-scale transformation, to implement the design of new plans for places and infrastructure that connect the regions of Europe. At the Hod, it was the adherence to the dummy to have a house about the storage of the Merezhi, the yak is zero prazuvati with the URIDS, the MISTSEVICS by the TARSICS TARSICS OF THE GROMARYARY SUSPANICAL PROVIVE OF THE GLOBALLY EKONOKIKIA at the Postygletsev -lifted generuga Yenerg. The group of economic development, which resulted from this, which included among others Philips, Schneider Electric, IBM, Cisco Systems, Acciona, CH2M Hill, Arup, Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture and Q-Cells, is the largest of its kind in the world and is engaged in equal places, regions and powers with the development of master plans for the creation of infrastructure of the third industrial revolution,” writes Rifkin, emphasizing the fact that “only the European Union puts serious emphasis on our living on Earth as you can see.”

Rifkin miraculously reveals the short-sightedness of the henchmen of the modern naphtha development and the “American approach to justice,” describing the possibilities of mutual relations between the United States and Europe: “What can we, Americans, learn whatever in Europe? I’m wondering what’s possible. We need to listen right away to what our European friends are saying, and be amazed at what they are trying to do. The Europeans have just come to the realization that the era of the burning fire will end, and have begun to chart a course to the green future. Americans, unfortunately, do not believe much and do not dare to recognize that the economical system, which functioned so well in the past, is now languishing on the apparatus of piecemeal medicine. Like Europe, we need to recognize our mercy and be generous. What can we give on our side? Although Europe has told an even more complicated story, no one can tell the story better than America. Madison Avenue*, Hollywood and Silicon Valley have overwhelmed everyone. America is disturbed not so much by business acumen, but by the fact that a unique present may become so vital and clear that people feel that they have already arrived even before the train leaves the station. Once Americans embrace the idea of ​​a third industrial revolution, they can do much better than others to turn this vision into reality.” Perhaps this picture is the reason why Rifkin may not remember the name of Governor Schwarzenegger, who loudly declared about his “green” initiative and the “water economy.” However, in reality, Rifkin does not believe in the American approach, but what is most important is that the train is already underway - it is important not to worry about anyone, if not only Europe, but also China, India and even Mongolia (div. ) there is already an increase not only in plans, but in real tens of gigawatts of solar and wind energy.

We in Russia, where global warming - (according to the official data of Roshydromet! - div.) is progressing faster than in the rest of the world, we are most passionate about recognizing global warming not an irresistible and unsafe fact. It is possible that this “fight” against global warming is the “remaining redoubt” of recognition of the fact that, regardless of the gigantic exploration of oil and gas reserves, the era of naphtha energy is rapidly burning out. I would like to be able to “overhaul” in the future energy projects that are rapidly aging, based on the combustion of fossil fuels, and it is necessary to support the infrastructure created within the paradigm of the era of oil and gas for other industries ї revolutions, but the need to realize that progress cannot be stopped - ї diversification is effective at all times, even though it is voiced from the most popular stands. Victor Hugo, who wrote during the era of the French Revolution, “An army of greed is unable to resist the power of an idea when the hour has come.” Obviously, much of this is true for the ideas that Rifkin writes about.

However, this does not mean that there is a lot to be said about it - however, there are a lot of controversial topics that are at the heart of this concept that can give completely different accents to specific solutions. This, for example, is the idea of ​​using water as a universal energy store. On the right is to spread out the water by electrolysis, then to combine the water and acidity - a process that obviously has a negative CCD, but there is a very high level of insecurity when saving and transporting components. This greatly increases the cost of the infrastructure of the “water economy,” which has been written about extensively, but now the main focus is on its expansion into space. Of course, this part can both insult and promote an alternative to the solutions that Rifkin writes about. So, other specific solutions are far from foolproof. Moreover, there is a posture of respect in Rifkin’s book (perhaps because its publication fell in the already distant 2011) - the revolution in materials science and information technology, associated with the rise of computer design authorities in number of materials, and the most grandiose due to the scale of the transition from the series traditional calculations to a quantum computer. The quantum computer itself can radically change the very essence of energy - since today it’s not just “selling electrons in herds”, then quantum technologies, based on single-electronics and single-photonics technologies, can make it possible to transmit information at once from quantum particles, and energy flows are transferred simultaneously from each other information.

At the same hour principles of transformation of industry, prosperity and knowledge of the local people that arise at the intersection of energy flows and information and directions of energy flows and information in general as defined by the author It’s absolutely true and different, and we still have to learn about this new reality and settle down - at home, in Russia!

The third industrial revolution, as they have been talking about for ages, seems to have already begun. The world is again in the midst of global changes. We can boldly affirm that the changes are being made not for the sake of the people and politicians, but as a result of the need to withstand the crisis of sovereign and private financial organizations that is looming. We are faced with increasing competition on the side of the world, so we need to focus on reducing production with low technology, high costs and low efficiency.

Change your mind

Preparations for the industrial revolution are already in progress, and the third industrial revolution is just around the corner. There are a sufficient number of factors that will ensure this advance - new technologies and materials, a high level of software security, low-tech web servers, and technological processes. The smell of this building will change our life beyond all comprehension. The butt could be a trivial friend. It’s impossible to say specifically if there will be a quick waste of everything in life and what kind of inheritance can be obtained. Ale zupiniti process is not possible.

Who will ensure the implementation of the third industrial revolution?

The evidence is clear: the great business of TNCs can have a great impact on the process of decision-making in all countries. As long as the smell is concentrated in the plant and the development of plant production, competition will be the main destructive force here. As of today, there will be no transition between them, either from orders, or, what’s more, from matrimony. Infection with the knowledge of such a level and the mechanisms of the flooring are sophisticated, so that business and order are practically inseparable.

Jeremy Rifkin and the third industrial revolution

Traditionally formed centralized business methods are being replaced by a new structure of production, so says Jeremy Rifkin, one of the most prominent economists and environmentalists in the United States. Although his idea seems surprising, the progress of the third industrial revolution according to Rifkin found support and was accepted on the official level by the partnership between Europe and China. Please be careful when trying to incorporate your concept into your life.

In his book, he not only names the main changes that have taken shape today, analyzes the basic characteristics, principles of the new infrastructure, and looks at all the possible disruptions that may arise in the country. from other countries, from other regions and in the whole world. The basis behind this concept is the synergy of energy and telecommunication technologies and creation systems. The purpose of this is to serve as new forms of communication, which will become the first to be created before non-existent forms of energy, energy, and renewal.

Five principles of a new revolution

Behind Rifkin’s affirmations, five basic principles serve as the basis for future changes:

• Energy, as it is customary to renew its importance. Sonyachna, hydro-, biomass, wind, hvilova, which will be generated by the ocean.
• Create an alarm that produces energy.
• Water and other accumulated energy.
• Energy Internet (smart grid). The use of new technologies for the transfer and recovery of electrical energy is based on the principle of the information Internet. The leader in the development of smart grid is Nimechtina, where an experiment is being conducted in which one million were converted into mini-electric generators. The devices built to provide energy supply and Internet communications are operated by Siemens and Bosch Daimler. Well, the germ of an industrial revolution has been laid.
• Transport facilities that operate on electric, hybrid and traditional vehicles.

According to Rifkin, after 25 years, the functions of residential buildings, offices, industrial enterprises, and power plants have been transformed. They can transform the energy of the sun, wind, waste disposal and the outputs of various types of production, such as wood cutting, and transmit them to the Internet via the Internet.

Heritage

In the past, the creeks and factories were deprived of those rozumіnnі, before we called. Large workshops filled with hundreds of work stations, where robot workers in oiled overalls work. The stuffy and smoky workshop with the proletarians and its main weapon - the hammer. They are being replaced by jobs that are more akin to day-to-day offices, equipped with computers, that deal with labor-intensive preparation, supplies, and maintenance of images. They give orders to three-dimensional printers, which produce ball by ball the most complex and delicate parts and products.

Such computers and trivium printers are the head of folding manufacturing. They can earn any product, even a car. Ale tse u maybutnyomu. With today's technology, the flooring is not complete. The stinks are developing at an incredible pace. Also finish the car, prepare it using an additional 3D printer, on the right side of the near future.

I will review physics against poetry

Since spiritual, philosophical, and political thought remains, seemingly stagnant, then mathematicians, chemists, biologists, and physicists are not bothered to give new insight to prosperity. Liquid boson; Nanotechnologies are being successfully introduced into modern production; cars that operate without water; Energy-saving cars can currently travel 600 miles per liter of fuel; advanced Internet technologies; Without personal robots, there are different functions. This list can be continued.

What is the response of humanitarians to this blog? Stagnation in all directions. Moral guidelines have been ruined. There are no leaders, no real authorities. Tiredness is the absence of orders that cannot be trusted by the citizens. International organizations are not endowed with the necessary functions, and the weak ones cannot be involved in the ongoing process. Everywhere there is a crisis of trust in the bodies that manage the management of powers, financial authorities, and the ideas of democracy. How is this difficult situation taking place, the third industrial revolution is taking place and how it is affecting people’s lives, to what kind of inheritance we can’t tell anyone.

First revolution

Great Britain at the end of the 18th century served as the seed of the first industrial revolution. There is a small ubiquitous and all-pervasive character, which allowed the region of Europe and the USA to be occupied throughout the year. Before this succession, a radical change in industrial manufactories can be brought about. Everywhere steam engines began to stagnate, as a result of the discovery and stagnation of steam engines. These symbols are a pair of vugilla.

The reform of textile manufacturing, the development of light industry, and increased productivity of industry changed the nature of production and the way people lived. Manufactured products, including the mass publication of newspapers and magazines, have changed the flow of information to people and have greatly increased their awareness.

Another revolution

Another industrial revolution is the transition to another phase of development. Who was tired of the stagnation of electricity, conveyors and engines of internal combustion in the industry. These factors themselves produced mass production of goods.

The symbol її is usually used to represent naphtha, as well as a Ford car. The production of cars caused a massive production of oil and refining. People’s social life was not lost without change, and radio and television appeared, which radically changed their worldview.

What does the upcoming revolution have in store for us?

No one can say for sure what future changes will bring us. However, we can assume that the democratization of production is ahead of us. The production of goods may suffer the fate of the skin power and harm the family. To reduce miscellaneous expenses, in addition to transport expenses, the remaining output parts are carried out at the local level. The era of small and medium enterprises has come. These symbols are the Internet and the energy that is transmitted to it.

The priority tasks of the European Union in the first half of the 21st century, in the words of Jeremy Rifkin, “may be led by the third industrial revolution.” The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is only part of the problem: the time has come for the transition to a low-carbon economy.

This is not a utopia, there is nothing futuristic here: in a quarter of a century, the booths will be a “mini-power plant” that will provide clean energy for domestic consumption and supply it to others.

The third industrial revolution consists of three fundamental engines, three stages, which Jeremy Rifkin describes so clearly and decisively: the widespread exploitation of fresh energy engines, the development of energy, which themselves generate energy. y, and transfer to the vicinity of water as an energy accumulator.

The future of the European Union is at stake, and we cannot think about the “future” of what will happen after us!

We have no right to waste such a possibility: the third industrial revolution is a chance to transfer the European economy to a promising and sustainable basis and, in this way, ensure its long-term competitiveness.

Hans Gert Petering, Head of the European Parliament, spoke at another EU forum “Agora of the Community”, 12 June 2008.

First of all, I would like to thank Nicholas Easley, who is very involved in global operations, for closely monitoring the development of the hidden idea of ​​the “Third Industrial Revolution” and for his editorial contribution to the book. I am grateful to Andrew Lenose, Program Director, for his excellent management of our day-to-day work and for our valuable editorial respects. I also thank our interns Flora de Slover, Alma Velazquez, Valbon Tika, Lauren Bush, Bart Provost, Divia Susarla, Bobby Samuel, Brian Bauer, Petros Kusm, and Sean Moorhead for their qualified assistance in preparing the manuscript.

I am extremely grateful to the editor, Emily Carleton, for her enthusiasm and dedication to this project, as well as for the numerical proposals for the design of the book. Thanks also to my agent Larry Kirshbaum for the idea of ​​getting the book off the ground and positioning it on the global market.

Particular credit goes to Angelo Consoli, who has been responsible for our European operations for the remaining nine years. Its political penetration and selfless devotion to justice have even helped transform the transformation presented by the “Third Industrial Revolution” into reality throughout Europe.

Please tell me, I just need to thank my friend, Carole Grunewald, for their sake and patience for the remaining 22 years. Our sleepy peace about the creation of more stable light for the skin of people has been breathing over us for this very hour.

Our industrial civilization stands at crossroads. Naphtha and other minerals have exhausted the energy that forms their basis, and the technologies they generated are passing away. The industrial infrastructure, which was created using the latest technology, is aging and will require updating. As a result of this, unemployment is growing throughout the world. Orders, enterprises and livestock have become busy in the borgs, and the level of living is falling. Billions of people, most of the world's population, suffer from malnutrition and hunger.

In addition, the problem of climate change is already looming on the horizon, connected with industrialism, which is based on burning fuel. It is expected that we will face a catastrophic change in the temperature and chemistry of the planet, which threatens the destabilization of ecosystems around the world. The stench does not include the massive extinction of plants and creatures, as a matter of fact, in order to provide human nutritional support. Now there is a clearer need for a new economic concept that will provide us with a fairer and more sustainable future.

Until the 1980s. Evidence has begun to accumulate that indicates that the industrial revolution based on fossil fuels has reached its peak and that climate change, caused by human activity, is leading to a planetary crisis of unprecedented proportions. Over the past 30 years, I have been busy searching for a new paradigm that could usher in the post-Cargo era. As a result of these studies, I realized that great economic revolutions are lost in history when new communication technologies are combined with new energy systems. New energy regimes enable greater mutual economic activity, expand commercial exchanges, and also promote closer and more comprehensive social interactions. The accompanying communication revolutions provide ways to organize and manage the new space-time dynamics associated with new energy systems.

In the mid-1990s rocks. It has become obvious that a new point of convergence between communication and energy technologies is just around the corner. Internet technologies and new sources of energy are ready to harness and form a new infrastructure for the third industrial revolution that will change the world. In the coming era, hundreds of millions of people will generate green energy themselves in their homes, offices and factories and share it through the “energy Internet” in the same way as we simultaneously create and share information her in Merezhi. The democratization of energy will lead to a fundamental change in human relationships, change the very essence of business, manage the estate, and illuminate the participation in the life of the community.

I was first introduced to the third industrial revolution by hearing about the top management development course at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania, where I have been a senior nutritionist for the past 16 years. their trends in science, technology, economics and prosperity. At the hour of the five-year exchange rate, general directors and top managers from all over the world are dealing with problems that face the 21st century. My idea of ​​dosit quickly penetrated to the headquarters of the company and became part of the political lexicon of the heads of state of the European Union.

Up to 2000 rub. The European Union has already pursued an aggressive policy of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to an environmentally sustainable economy. In Europe, they began preparing target indicators and guidelines, reconsidered the priorities of scientific research and development, introduced codes, rules and standards for the new economic process. In the wake of this, America was occupied with gadgets and “revolutionary innovations” from Silicon Valley, and American homeowners cared nothing for the fantastically growing market of non-russiness, which survives low-interest mortgages loans.