What are walks for epilepsy? Anti-drug drugs for epilepsy - list of current drugs

ANTI-CONVASTS (ANTIPILEPTIC) DRUGS

Presumably, the current classification of anti-domestic drugs is divided into anti-domestic barbiturates (benzobamil, benzonal, hexamidine, phenobarbital), similar hydantoin (diphenine), similar no oxazolidinedione (trimethine), succinimide (puphemid, suxilep), no clonazepam), valproate (acediprole), other anti-domestic drugs (methindione, mydocalm, chloracon)

ACEDIPROL (Acediprolum)

Synonyms: Sodium valproate, Apilepsin, Depakine, Konvulex, Konvulsovin, Diplexil, Epikin, Orfilept, Valprin, Depaken, Deprakin, Epilim, Everiden, Leptilan, Orfiril, Propimal, Valpakin, Valporin , Valpron et al.

Pharmacological action. With a wide spectrum of antiepileptic properties.

Acediprol has not only anti-seizure (anti-epileptic) effects. It improves the mental state and mood of the sick. It has been shown that acediprol has a tranquilizing (which relieves anxiety) component, and when compared to other tranquilizers that change the state of fear, it does not reveal a doubtful component (which relieves anxiety) drowsiness), sedative (calming effect on the central nervous system) and muscle relaxant (.

Showing before stagnation. Stagnation in adults and children with various types of epilepsy: with various forms of generalized attacks - minor (absence seizures), major (supernal) and polymorphic; with focal attacks (motor, psychomotor, etc.). The drug is most effective for absence seizures (short-hour loss of intelligence with permanent loss of memory) and pseudoabsence (short-hour loss of consciousness without loss of memory).

Method of congestion and dosage. Take acediprol internally an hour or immediately after going. Start by taking small doses, gradually increasing them over a period of 1-2 days. before reaching the therapeutic effect; then select an individual supportive dose.

The additional dose for adults is 0.3-0.6 g (1-2 tablets), then gradually increase to 0.9-1.5 g. Single dose - 0.3-0.45 g. daily dose – 2.4 g.

The dose for children is selected individually, depending on age, severity of illness, therapeutic effect. The maximum dose is 20-50 mg per 1 kg of body weight, and the total dose is 60 mg/kg. Start treatment with 15 mg/kg, then increase the dose by 5-10 mg/kg until the desired effect is achieved. Divide the additional dose into 2-3 doses. Children should be prescribed the drug in a rare medicinal form - acediprole syrup.

Acediprole can be taken alone or in combination with other anti-epileptic drugs.

For minor forms of epilepsy, consider taking acediprole.

Side action. Possible side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (diarrhea), sore throat, anorexia (loss of appetite), drowsiness, allergic reactions of the skin. As a rule, these events are of a temporary nature.

With regular use of large doses of acediprole, hair loss may occur immediately.

Rare, or even more serious, reactions to acediprole include disruption of the function of the liver, subglottic glands, and thickening of the throat.

Contraindicated. The drug is contraindicated for impaired function of the liver and subglottic gland, hemorrhagic diabetes (excessive bleeding). The drug should not be prescribed for the first 3 months. vomiting (at a later date, it is prescribed at lower doses, including in case of ineffectiveness of other anti-epileptic drugs). The literature provides data on the incidence of teratogenic (epileptic) effect when acediprole is infused under hydration. It is also believed that in women who are breastfeeding, the drug is found in milk.

Vipusu form. Piglets of 0.3 g in packs of 50 and 100 pieces; 5% syrup in glass bottles of 120 ml with the addition of a dosing spoon.

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BENZOBAMIL (Benzobamylum)

Synonyms: Benzamil, Benzoylbarbamil.

Pharmacological action. It has anti-seizure, sedative (calming), anesthetic and hypotensive (reduces arterial pressure) powers. Mensch is toxic, lower benzonal and phenobarbital.

Showing before stagnation. Epilepsy, especially with subcortical localization of the epileptic cavity, “diencephalic” form of epilepsy, status epilepticus in children.

Method of congestion and dosage. In the middle of the day, go. Doses for adults - 0.05-0.2 g (up to 0.3 g) 2-3 times per dose, for children daily - 0.05 to 0.1 g 3 times per dose. Benzobamil can be combined with dehydration (anhydrous), anti-inflammatory and desensitizing (pre-chewing or halmic allergic reactions) therapy. In case of swelling (weakening or absence of the effect during three-time re-stagnation), benzobamil can be immediately combined with equivalent doses of phenobarbital and benzoline with the immediate replacement of them again with benzobamil.

The equivalent ratio of benzene and phenobarbital is 2-2.5:1.

Side action. Large doses can cause drowsiness, bloatiness, decreased arterial pressure, ataxia (impaired coordination of the arms), nystagmus (moving rhythmic movements of the eyes), difficulty speaking.

Contraindicated. Infection of the liver with impaired liver function, decompensation of cardiac function.

Vipusu form. Piglets of 0.1 g in a package of 100 pieces.

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BENZONAL (Benzonalum)

Synonyms: Benzobarbital.

Pharmacological action. Repair the anti-court action; When administered with phenobarbital, it does not produce a drug effect.

Showing before stagnation. Suspicious forms of epilepsy, including scurvy epilepsy, focal and Jacksonian attacks.

Method of congestion and dosage. In the middle. Single dose for adults - 0.1-0.2 g, additional dose - 0.8 g, for children overnight - single dose 0.025-0.1 g, additional dose - 0.1-0.4 g. Individually determine the most effective I can tolerate the dose of the drug. You can get involved with other criminal activities.

Side action. Drowsiness, ataxia (impaired coordination of the arms), nystagmus (moving rhythmic movements of the eyes), dysarthria (disorder of speech).

Vipusu form. Piglets of 0.05 and 0.1 g in a package of 50 pieces.

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Hexamidin (Gexamidinum)

Synonyms: Primidone, Mizoline, Primaclon, Sertan, Deoxyphenobarbitone, Lepimidine, Lespiral, Liscantin, Misodine, Milepsin, Prilepsin, Primoline, Prizoline, Sedilen etc.

Pharmacological action. It has a pronounced anti-drug effect, its pharmacological activity is close to that of phenobarbital, but does not have a pronounced drug effect.

Showing before stagnation. Epilepsy of various origins (epilepsy), especially great ship attacks. When treating patients for polymorphic (multiple) epileptic symptoms, use them in combination with other anti-drug drugs.

Method of congestion and dosage. Average 0.125 g for 1-2 doses, then increase the additional dose to 0.5-1.5 g. Additional doses for adults: single dose - 0.75 g, additional dose - 2 g.

Side action. Itching, irritation, slight drowsiness, confusion, headache, ataxia (impaired coordination of the arms), boredom; in case of severe leukemia, anemia (change in the number of red blood cells), leukopenia (decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood), lymphocytosis (increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood).

Contraindicated. Disease of the liver, poor hematopoietic system.

Vipusu form. Tablets of 0.125 and 0.25 g in a package of 50 pieces.

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DIFENIN (Dipheninum)

Synonyms: Phenytoin, Diphentoin, Epanutin, Hydantoinal, Sodanton, Alepsin, Dihydantoin, Dilantin sodium, Diphedan, Eptoin, Hydantal, Phengidon, Solantoin, Solantil, Zentropil etc.

Pharmacological action. Repair the anti-court action; The effect may be heard.

Showing before stagnation. Epilepsy, the main rank of the great ship attacks. Diphenine is effective in all forms of cardiac arrhythmias, especially in arrhythmias caused by overdose of cardiac glycosides.

Method of congestion and dosage. Internally, take 2 tablets 2-3 times a day. If necessary, increase the total dose to 3-4 tablets. The maximum daily dose for adults is 8 tablets.

Side action. Tremor (shaking of the hands), ataxia (impaired coordination of the hands), dysarthria (disorder of speech), nystagmus (moving hands of the eyes), pain in the eyes, increased tension, skin irritation, etc. fever, scolial-intestinal disorders, leukocytosis (increased number leukocytes in the blood), megaloblastic anemia

Contraindicated. Liver ailments, cancer, cardiac decompensation, vaginess, cachexia (extreme stage of decompensation).

Vipusu form. Pigulki 0.117 g in a package of 10 pieces.

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Carbamazepine (Carbamazepinum)

Synonyms: Stazepin, Tegretol, Finlepsin, Amisepine, Carbagretil, Carbazep, Mazetol, Simonil, Neurotol, Tegretal, Temporal, Zeptol etc.

Pharmacological action. Carbamazepine exhibits anti-seizure (anti-epileptic) and moderate antidepressant and normothymic (elevative) effects.

Showing before stagnation. Carbamazepine is used for psychomotor epilepsy, major attacks, mixed forms (the main principle in the combination of major attacks with psychomotor manifestations), local forms (post-traumatic and postencephalic epilepsy). Insufficiently effective for small attacks.

Method of congestion and dosage. Administer internally (as soon as possible) to adults, starting with 0.1 g ("/2 tablets) 2-3 times a day, gradually increasing the dose to 0.8-1.2 g (4-6 tablets) per day.

The average dosage is 20 mg per 1 kg of body weight, then. in the middle, up to 1 month - 0.1 to 0.2 g per day; from 1 rock to 5 rocks – 0.2-0.4 g; from 5 to 10 days –0.4-0.6 g; from 10 to 15 days -0.6-1 g per dose.

Carbamazepine can be prescribed in combination with other anti-epileptic drugs.

So, just like when other anti-epileptic drugs are stopped, switching to treatment with carbamazepine may result from changing the dose of the previous drug. Treatment with carbamazepine is also required step by step.

There is evidence about the effectiveness of the drug in a number of episodes in patients with severe hyperkinesis (violent automatic pain as a result of the fleeting shortening of the muscles). The initial dose of 0.1 g incrementally (every 4-5 days) was increased to 0.4-1.2 g per dose. After 3-4 years. The dose was reduced to 0.1-0.2 g per day, then at the same doses they were prescribed every day or every other day for 1-2 days.

Carbamazepine has an analgesic (pain-relieving) effect in case of trifacial neuralgia (inflammation of the facial nerve).

Carbamazepine is prescribed for trigastric neuralgia, starting with 0.1 g 2 times a day, then increasing the dose by 0.1 g per dose, if necessary to 0.6-0.8 g (in 3-4 doses). The effect begins to appear after 1-3 days of treatment. After pain subsides, reduce the dose step by step (to 0.1-0.2 g per dose). Prescribe the drug trivalium chas; If the drug is changed immediately, the pain may increase. Currently, carbamazepine is considered one of the most effective treatments for those who are ill.

Side action. The drug should be well tolerated. In some episodes, there may be loss of appetite, boredom, rarely vomiting, headache, drowsiness, ataxia (impaired hand coordination), impaired accommodation (impaired visual acuity). Changes or occurrence of side effects are expected with immediate administration of the drug or a changed dose. There is also information about allergic reactions, leukopenia (reduced level of leukocytes in the blood), thrombocytopenia (reduced number of platelets in the blood), agranulocytosis (sharp decrease in granulocytes in the blood), hepatitis (inflamed tissue liver), skin reactions. When these reactions occur, take the drug.

There is a possibility of the appearance of mental disorders in patients with epilepsy treated with carbamazepine.

During the treatment with carbamazepine, systematically monitor the blood picture. It is not recommended to prescribe the drug for the first 3 months. vagusness. Carbamazepine should not be administered concomitantly with non-fatal monoamine oxidase inhibitors (nialamide and furazolidone) due to the possibility of increased side effects. Phenobarbital and hexamidine weaken the anti-epileptic activity of carbamazepine.

Contraindicated. The drug has contraindications for impaired cardiac conduction and liver disease.

Vipusu form. Piglets of 0.2 g in packs of 30 and 100 pieces.

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Clonozapi (Clonazepamum)

Synonyms: Antelepsin, Klonopin, Ictoril, Ictorivil, Ravatril, Ravotril, Rivatril, Revotril etc.

Pharmacological action. Clonazepam has a sedative, muscle-relaxing, anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) and anti-seizure effect. The anti-domestic effect is more pronounced in clonazepam than in other drugs of this group, in connection with which they are used mainly for the treatment of criminal cases. In patients with epilepsy who take clonazepam, attacks occur earlier and their intensity decreases.

Showing before stagnation. Prescribe clonazepam in children and adults with small and large forms of epilepsy with myoclonic attacks (squeezing of large bunches of flesh), with psychomotor crises, increased muscle tone. Vikorist is also used as a drug, especially in patients with organic, damaged brain.

Method of congestion and dosage. Treatment with clonazepam begins with small doses, gradually increasing them until the optimal effect is achieved. Dosing should be done individually depending on the patient's illness or reaction to the drug. The drug is prescribed at a dose of 1.5 mg per dose, divided into 3 doses. Increase the dose incrementally by 0.5-1 mg daily on day 3 until the optimal effect is achieved. Zazvichay recommends 4-8 mg per dose. It is not recommended to exceed the dose of 20 mg per dose.

For children, clonazepam is prescribed at the following doses: for newborns and children up to 1 year of age - 0.1-1 mg per day, from 1 to 5 years of age - 1.5-3 mg per day, from 6 to 16 years of age - 3-6 mg per day dobu; get it Divide the additional dose into 3 doses.

Side action. When taking the drug, there may be problems with hand coordination, restlessness, depression, fatigue, fatigue. To reduce side effects, it is necessary to individually select the optimal dose, starting with smaller doses and gradually increasing them.

Contraindicated. Severe illness of the liver and nirok, myasthenia (meat weakness), vaginess. Do not take simultaneously with MAO inhibitors or phenothiazines. The drug should not be taken before or before work in transport or by persons whose work will require a rapid mental or physical reaction. During the period of treatment with the drug, it is necessary to avoid drinking alcohol.

The drug penetrates through the placental barrier and into breast milk. This should not be considered vaginal and during breastfeeding.

Vipusu form. Tablets 0.001 g (1 mg) in packs of 30 or 50 pieces.

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Methindionum

Synonyms: Indomethacin, Inteban.

Pharmacological action. An anti-domestic activity that does not depress the central nervous system, changes affective (emotional) tension, and improves mood.

Showing before stagnation. Epilepsy, especially in the scronal form and epilepsy of traumatic origin (similarity).

Method of congestion and dosage. Internally (after hedgehogs) for adults, 0.25 g per dose. At. epilepsy with partial attacks 6 times a day at intervals of 1 "/2-2 hours (additional dose 1.5 g). For rare attacks, the same single dose is 4-5 times a day (1-1.25 g per day) For attacks at night or in advance, 0.05-0.1 g of phenobarbital or 0.1-0.2 g of benzoline is additionally prescribed. For psychopathological disorders in patients with epilepsy, 0.25 g 4 times a day. the need for treatment with methindione is combined with phenobarbital, seduxen, eunoctine.

Side action. Confusion, tediousness, tremor (tremor) of fingers.

Contraindicated. There is anxiety and tension.

Vipusu form. Pigulki 0.25 g in a package of 100 pieces.

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Mydocalm

Synonyms: Tolperison hydrochloride, Mideton, Menopatol, Myod, Pipetopropanone.

Pharmacological action. Suppresses polysynaptic spinal reflexes and reduces the movement tone of the bone muscles.

Showing before stagnation. Sickness that is accompanied by increased muscle tone, including paralysis (increasing presence of large arms), paresis (changes in the strength and/or amplitude of arms), paraplegia (bilateral paralysis of the upper their or lower ends), extraramidal disorders (impaired coordination of the arms due to changes in three tons).

Method of congestion and dosage. internally 0.05 g 3 times a day with progressively increasing doses to 0.3-0.45 g per dose; internal 1 ml of 10% dose per day; internally (full) 1 ml with 10 ml physiological dose 1 time per day.

Side action. Sometimes you feel a slight drowsiness, headache, increased fatigue, disturbed sleep.

Contraindicated. No data has been revealed.

Vipusu form. Dragee 0.05 g in a package of 30 pieces; ampoules of 1 ml 10% dose in a package of 5 pieces.

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PUPHEMID (Puphemidum)

Pharmacological action. Anti-judgment action.

Showing before stagnation. For various forms of epilepsy such as petit mal (minor attacks), as well as for scone epilepsy.

Method of congestion and dosage. Until we grow up, starting with 0.25 g 3 times a day, gradually increasing the dose if necessary up to 1.5 g per day; children under 7 years of age - 0.125 g, over 7 years of age - 0.25 g 3 times a day.

Side action. Boredom, sleeplessness. If you are tired, it is recommended to take the drug 1-1/2 years after eating, and if you have insomnia, 3-4 years before bedtime.

Contraindicated. Severe illness of the liver and weakness, impaired hematopoietic function, sharp expressions of atherosclerosis, hyperkinesis (violent automatic collapses as a result of fleeting shortening of the muscles).

Vipusu form. Pigulki 0.25 g in a package of 50 pieces.

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SUXILEP

Synonyms: Ethosuximide, Azamide, Picnolepsin, Ronton, Zarontin, Etomal, Etymal, Pemalin, Petinimide, Succial etc.

Pharmacological action. Anti-judgment action.

Showing before stagnation. Small forms of epilepsy, myoclonic attacks (suspected involvement of several groups of diseases).

Method of congestion and dosage. Internally (take every hour) 0.25-0.5 g per dose with progressive dose increases to 0.75-1.0 g per dose (3-4 doses).

Side action. Dyspeptic disorders (diseases of etching); in several episodes, headaches, confusion, headaches, leukopenia (reduced level of leukocytes in the blood) and agranulocytosis (sharply decreased number of granulocytes in the blood).

Contraindicated. Vagity, breastfeeding.

Vipusu form. Capsules of 0.25 g in a package of 100 pieces.

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TRIMETHIN (Trimethinum)

Synonyms: Trimethadion, Ptimal, Tridion, Trimedal, Absenthol, Edion, Epidion, Petidion, Trepal, Troxidon.

Pharmacological action. Carry out anti-court action.

Showing before stagnation. Epilepsy, head rank, petit mal (less attack).

Method of congestion and dosage. In the middle of the hour or after, take 0.25 g 2-3 times a day, children should take it daily - 0.05 to 0.2 g 2-3 times a day.

Side action. Photophobia, hyperhidrosis, neutropenia (reduced number of neutrophils in the blood), agranulocytosis (sharp decrease in granulocytes in the blood), anemia (reduced hemoglobin in the blood), eosinophilia decreased number of eosinophils in the blood), monocytosis (increase.

Contraindicated. Impaired liver function and inflammation, illness of the visual nerve and blood-forming organs.

Vipusu form. Powder.

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PHENOBARBITAL (Phenobarbitalum)

Synonyms: Adonal, Efenal, Barbenil, Barbifen, Dormiral, Epanal, Episedal, Fenemal, Gardenal, Hypnotal, Mefabarbital, Neurobarb, Nirvonal, Omnibarb, Phenobarbitone, Sedonal, Sevenal, Somonal, Zadonal and in.

Pharmacological action. Let them look at you as a delicious treat. However, the anti-epileptic symptom is most significant at this time.

In small doses it has a calming effect.

Showing before stagnation. Treatment of epilepsy; stagnate with generalized tonic-clonic attacks (grand mal), as well as with focal attacks in adults and children. In connection with anti-suicidal action, it is prescribed for chorea (sick nervous system, which is accompanied by nervous awakenings and uncoordinated movements), spastic paralysis, and various judicial reactions. As calming in small doses, when combined with other drugs (antispasmodics, vasodilators), it stagnates with neurovegetative disorders. Like a delicious treat.

Method of congestion and dosage. For the treatment of epilepsy in adults, it is prescribed starting with a dose of 0.05 g 2 times a day and a progressively increasing dose, until the attack begins, but not more than 0.5 g per dose. For children, the drug is prescribed in smaller doses daily (not exceeding larger single or additional doses). Likuvannya is carried out trivalo. When taking phenobarbital for epilepsy, it is necessary to take it step by step; fragments of the drug may cause the development of an attack and lead to status epilepticus.

For the treatment of epilepsy, phenobarbital is often prescribed in conjunction with other medications. Make sure that the supplement is selected individually depending on the type of epilepsy and chronic illness.

As a calming and antispasmodic drug, phenobarbital is prescribed at a dose of 0.01-0.03-0.05 g 2-3 times a day.

Higher doses for adults internally: single dose – 0.2 g; dobova – 0.5 g.

Simultaneous combination of phenobarbital with other sedative-acting drugs (sedatives) can lead to an intensification of the sedative-hypnotic effect and may be accompanied by depression of the mind.

Side action. Decreased activity of the central nervous system, decreased arterial pressure, allergic reactions (hyphenation, etc.), disruption of the blood formula.

Contraindicated. The drug is contraindicated in case of severe liver disease or impaired liver function, alcoholism, drug addiction, myasthenia (meat weakness). This should not be noted in the first 3 months. gestation (to avoid teratogenic effects / harmful effects on the fetus /) and women who are breastfeeding.

Visa form. Powder; tablets of 0.005 g for children and 0.05 and 0.1 g for adults.

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GLUFERAL (Gluferalum)

A combination drug that contains phenobarbital, bromide, sodium caffeine benzoate, calcium gluconate.

Showing before stagnation.

Method of congestion and dosage. As we grow older, we will take 2-4 tablets per dose. The maximum dosage is 10 tablets. For children, taken daily, take 1/2 to 1 tablet per dose. The maximum dosage for children up to 10 years of age is 5 tablets.

Side effects Contraindicated.

Vipusu form. Drinks to mix: phenobarbital – 0.025 g, bromide – 0.07 g, sodium caffeine benzoate – 0.005 g, calcium gluconate – 0.2 g, 100 pieces per jar of orange juice.

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PAGLUFERAL-1,2,3 (Pagluferalum-1,2,3)

A combination drug that contains phenobarbital, bromide, sodium caffeine benzoate, papaverine hydrochloride, calcium gluconate.

Pharmacological action is determined by the properties of the components that are included before.

Showing before stagnation. Mainly for epilepsy with great tonic-clonic attacks.

Method of congestion and dosage. The different ingredients used in different versions of the pills make it possible to select doses individually. Start taking 1-2 tablets 1-2 times a day.

Side effects Contraindicated. The same as for phenobarbital.

Vipusu form. Tablets pagluferal 1, 2 and 3, for revenge, for example: phenobarbital - 0.025; 0.035 or 0.05 g, bromine - 0.1; 0.1 or 0.15 g, sodium caffeine benzoate -0.0075; 0.0075 or 0.01 g, papaverine hydrochloride -0.015; 0.015 or 0.02 g, calcium gluconate - 0.25 g, orange jars contain 40 pieces.

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SUMISH SEREYSKY (Mixtio Sereyski)

Collapsible powder containing phenobarbital, bromide, sodium caffeine benzoate, papaverine hydrochloride, calcium gluconate.

Pharmacological action is determined by the properties of the components that are included before.

Showing before stagnation. Mainly for epilepsy with great tonic-clonic attacks.

Method of congestion and dosage. 1 powder 2-3 times a day (for mild forms of illness, take the powder with lesser amounts of ingredients, for more important ones, take the powder with more ingredients instead of different components /different form of release./).

Side effects and contraindications. The same as for phenobarbital.

Vipusu form. Powder to mix: phenobarbital - 0.05-0.07-0.1-0.15 g, bromide -0.2-0.3 g, sodium caffeine benzoate -0.015-0.02 g, papaverine hydrochloride - 0, 03 -0.04g, calcium gluconate -0.5-1.0g.

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Fali-Lepsin

A combination drug that combines phenobarbital and pseudonorephedrine.

Pharmacological action is determined by the properties of the components that are included before. Including pseudonorephedrine beforehand, which gives a calm stimulating rush to the central nervous system, often replaces the depressant rush (drowsiness, decreased productivity) of phenobarbital.

Showing before stagnation. Various forms of epilepsy.

Method of congestion and dosage. For children over 12 years of age, starting with 1/2 tablet (50 mg) per day, gradually increasing the dose to 0.3-0.45 g (3 doses).

Vipusu form. Piglets 0.1g each, 100 pieces in a package.

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CHLORACONUM (Chloraconum)

Synonyms: Beklamid, Gibikon, Nidran, Posedran, Benzchlorpropamide.

Pharmacological action. Repair the anti-court action.

Showing before stagnation. Epilepsy, head rank with great judicial attacks; psychomotor agitation of an epileptic nature; in some cases of criminal attacks (in cases of other criminal cases); We are diagnosed with epilepsy during pregnancy and have suffered from liver ailments.

Method of congestion and dosage. Internally, 0.5 g 3-4 times a day, if necessary, up to 4 g per dose; for children – 0.25-0.5 g 2-4 times a day (overnight).

Side action. Dry action on the mucous membrane of the scutum in patients who have suffered scutum-intestinal illness. If you have a dry bath, keep track of the liver function, color, and blood pattern.

Vipusu form. Pigulki 0.25 g in packs of 50 pieces.

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This group of faces is being victorious for the purpose of expungement or foreclosure in court, which may make a difference in the nature of the action. Drugs in court include overdose of medications, which are usually prescribed when a person develops epilepsy and are called anti-epileptic symptoms.

Activity of anti-drug drugs

At the hour of attack, a person feels not only meaty spasms, but also pain through them. The action of anti-domestic drugs is aimed at reducing these manifestations, reducing the attack, so that they do not develop from pain to epileptic, convulsive symptoms. A nerve impulse is activated simultaneously by a specific group of neurons in the same way as is the case when neurons are transmitted to the motor type in the cerebral cortex.

Anti-seizure pills may relieve pain and muscle spasms without suppressing the central nervous system. Such medications are selected individually, taking into account the complexity of the pathology. Taking this medication may affect you during the early stages of life or throughout your life if you have been diagnosed with a genetic or chronic form of the disease.

Groups of anti-domestic drugs

To combat epileptic attacks and convulsions, doctors have developed various methods that may be subordinate to the principle of action. For specific anticonvulsants, the doctor is guilty of the nature of the court. The following groups of anti-domestic drugs can be seen:

Anti-seizure drugs for epilepsy

Some products are available without a prescription, some without it. Any pills for epilepsy should be taken with a doctor to avoid side effects and not cause complications. It is important to go to the doctor promptly, diagnostics will increase the chances of remission, and it is difficult to take the medication. Popular anti-seizure drugs for epilepsy are presented in the list below:

1. Feniton. The tablets are added to the hydantoin group, which is then treated to slightly enhance the nerve response. This helps stabilize neural membranes. As a rule, we are considered to be ill because we suffer from partial trials.
2. Phenobarbital. Enter the list of barbiturates, get active for therapy in the first stages, support remission. It has a calming, mild effect, which does not always occur during the course of epilepsy, and is often prescribed together with other drugs.
3. Lamotrigine. It is considered one of the most powerful anti-epileptic properties. A properly prescribed course of treatment can completely stabilize the functioning of the nervous system without damaging the production of amino acids.
4. Benzobamil. This medicinal drug has low toxicity, so it can be administered to a child who is suffering before the trial. Contraindications for people with heart, liver, and liver pathologies.
5. Sodium valproate. This is an antiepileptic drug that is also prescribed for behavioral disorders. There are a number of serious side effects: the appearance of viscera, decreased clarity of blood, decreased blood flow, obesity, decreased blood flow.
6. Primidon. This anti-epileptic drug Vicorist is used for severe attacks of epilepsy. Liki exerts a strong halmuval effect on damaged neurons, which helps stop attacks. It cannot be taken against the court unless after consultation with a doctor.

Anti-dose drugs for neuralgia

It is recommended that treatment be given earlier, for which it is necessary to proceed to treatment after the first symptoms of illness. Therapy is based on a whole complex of medications to identify the causes and signs of nerve damage. Anti-legal agents take a leading role in the Likuvanna. The stench is needed to fight off attacks of epilepsy, the court. The following anti-domestic drugs are used for neuralgia:

1. Clonazepam. It is similar to benzodiazepine, but has an anxiolytic, anti-anxiety, and sedative effect. The mechanism of active speech helps improve sleep and relax muscles. It is not recommended to use medicine without asking a doctor for instructions.
2. Carbamazepine. For classification, the medication is referred to as iminostilbenes. It has an anti-dominant, moderate antidepressant effect, and normalizes the emotional body. Helps to significantly reduce pain associated with neuralgia. The anti-epileptic drug is effective, but the course will be long, so the pain may return after the first dose of the medication.
3. Phenobarbital. Add to the group of barbiturates, which act as a sedative, analgesic drug for treating neuralgia. This anti-convulsant is not prescribed in small doses, take it immediately after the doctor’s prescription, because the side effects of anticonvulsants are contraindicated in a number of other illnesses.

Anti-drug drugs for children

The choice often falls on medications that can significantly reduce the restlessness of the central nervous system. Many faces of this type can be unsafe for the baby, which can cause depression. Anti-drug drugs for children are divided into two groups according to the level of safety for children:

• Substances that are less likely to be taken into account: ice docaine, benzodiazepines, hydroxybutyrates, fentanyl, droperidol.
• More dangerous substances that may have a depressant effect: barbiturates, chloral hydrate, magnesium sulfate.

When choosing medicines for babies, it is important to take into account the particular pharmacology of the drug, which is less susceptible to side effects in older children. The list of main features that are used in the therapy of children includes the following:

1. Droperidol, Fentanyl - give an effective influx to the hippocampus, which will give a signal to the court, but at the warehouse of daily morphine, which is impossible for up to 1 year, you can cause problems with your diet. This problem can be resolved with additional nalorphine.
2. Benzodiazepines are usually prescribed as sibazone, which can also be called diazepam or sedcusen. Internal administration of the drug is limited to a length of 5 minutes; suppressed breathing can be avoided with large doses of the drug. The situation can be corrected by administering physostigmine internally.
3. Lidocaine. It is practical to immediately strangle the child with vessels of any type in order to create an internal injection. In therapy, as a rule, a daily dose is administered to the kidney, then drops are administered.
4. Phenobarbital. It is recommended for prevention and treatment. It is believed that with weak attacks, the result of stagnation develops in 4-6 years. The main advantage of the medication in children can be up to 2 dB. Good results are achieved with one-hour use of sibazone.
5. Hexenal A strong drug that does not cause a depressive effect on the diet, which greatly reduces congestion in children.

New generation anti-drug drugs

When choosing a medication, the doctor may be obligated to consider the pathology. The new generation of anti-drug drugs are targeted at a wide range of causes, resulting in a minimal number of side effects. Discoveries are being carried out gradually, so all the current needs are available that cannot be bought in an online store or brought home. Current options include the following effective anti-epileptic drugs of the new generation:

1. Difenin - indications for serious attacks, tripartite neuralgia.
2. Zarontin (also known as Suksilep). Therefore, to ensure high efficiency, it is necessary to carry out treatment without interruption.
3. Keppra replaces the substance with Levetiracetam, the mechanism on the body remains unaffected. The doctors assume that the medicine infuses glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. A positive effect has been confirmed in cases of generalized attacks of epilepsy and partial attacks treated with Keppra.
4. Opolot is the anti-judgment practice of the new generation, the active speech of the people has not been taught to the end. It is justifiable to use medication for partial episodes. The doctor prescribes a single dose, which may be divided into 2-3 doses.
5. Petnidan – the active substance is called ethosuximide, highly effective in the treatment of absence seizures. Obovyazkovo needs to wait until he sees a doctor.

Side effects of anti-drug drugs

• Troxevasin;
• Diosmin;
• Rutascobrin;
• Troxerutin;
• Venoflebin;
• Vasocket.

Individuals can be presented in tablet form or in ointment form before trial. You cannot take medications on your own; obligatory consultation with a doctor. Dosage and discomfort are prescribed by the doctor. Rejoicing is more possible in home spirits. Lack of microelements: reduce rational food intake, multivitamin medicinal complexes.

If problems arise from impaired potassium and magnesium levels, take Asparkam completely.

Asparkam for leg spasms

Asparkam - zasib, which is often prescribed in court cases. The drug is absolutely safe for general health, and in some cases it is recommended for vaginal women. Asparkam contains potassium and magnesium, which are important for the normal functioning of muscles. It is permissible to stagnate in case of damage to the cardiovascular system, lack of peripheral blood flow, or heart pathology.

The drug is produced in the form of ampoules for injection and tablets. Intravenous administration of the drug is indicated for important forms by the court. Treatment course – 10 days.

The tablet form is hand-cooked and the solution is used in home washings. Take the drug 3 times a day after going. Treatment course – 30 days. Regardless of general safety, illness has been observed, in which case it is not recommended to take Asparkam:

• pain and chronic insufficiency of any organ;
• hyperkalemia;
• hypermagnesemia;
• important forms of myasthenia.

The drug has low similarity. Popular - Panangin, Potassium and Magnesium Asparginate. Asparks are meant for small children. Indications before stasation in children are similar to adults: a significant decrease in the level of potassium and magnesium, anemia.

Let's describe the group antiepileptic drugs (PEDs).

Antiepileptic properties This has helped to improve the development of attacks on epilepsy in patients.

A short historical background about anti-domestic activities.

Since 1853, bromides have been used to treat epileptic attacks. There were ineffective drugs that stagnated in high doses and produced side effects. Since 1912, phenobarbital began to be used, and it has a more effective effect, which is believed to be true at this time, but it also has a negative impact on the central nervous system. In 1938, analogues with fewer side effects were synthesized - phenytoin, benzobarbital, primadone and trimethadione. Later, ethosuximide, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, gabapentin and others began to be used.

What is expected?

In epilepsy, diffuse and spontaneous activation of neurons in the brain occurs, which can lead to attacks. Triggering the awakening of cells - “pacemakers” - neurons with an unstable resting potential on the membrane. The effect of anti-epileptic drugs is to stabilize the calming potential of these neurons and reduce the alertness of the epileptogenic impulse.

different.

Phenytoin, lamotrigine and phenobarbital inhibit the release of glutamate from excitatory neurons, preceding the activation of epileptic neurons.

Valproic acid is an antagonist of NMDA receptors of neurons and interferes with the interaction of glutamate with NMDA receptors, and thereby reduces the activation of epileptic inflammation.

Benzodiazepines and phenobarbital interact with the GABA receptor complex, increasing sensitivity to galmic mediators GABA and increasing the availability of chloride ions in neurons, and thereby promoting their resistance Yes.

Thiagabin blocks the portal accumulation of GABA from the synaptic cleft, which prevents the awakening of neurons. Vigabatrin acts to inhibit the enzyme that produces GABA, which increases the amount of galmic neurotransmitter in nerve cells.

Gabapentin increases the release of GABA by increasing its metabolism, promoting the utilization of the GABA precursor glutamate, and also opens potassium channels. All this stabilizes the membrane.

Carbamazepine, valproate and phenytoin increase electrical potential by blocking sodium and calcium channels. Ethosuximide blocks T-type calcium channels.

Here is a list of antiepileptic drugs

Trade names 110; speeches, scho dieut 26.

Mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs There are still no victories until the end. Pursue scientific research for its clarification and synthesis of new effective methods. It has been proven that the stabilization of neurons is possible through various mechanisms of action and their interactions.

At the current stage in the arsenal of doctors there are a lot of old and new ones, as well as effective and safe ones. antiepileptic drugs.

Anti-drug drugs are highly direct drugs used to relieve muscle spasms and other signs of an epileptic attack. Several types of drugs can be taken at once to achieve a short effect, and some can be used initially for a comprehensive fight against illnesses.

Splinters of tablets and medicinal powders not only relieve rashes of the disease, but also alleviate the illness in general, they are often classified as medicinal conditions (AEL). The first successful attempts at educating with anti-domestic speeches occurred from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. In 1857, potassium bromide was introduced to combat epilepsy, in 1912 phenobarbital became actively used, and in 1938 the list of antiepileptic drugs was supplemented with phenytoin. Today, all over the world, including Russia, there are over thirty drugs available for alleviating the symptoms of epilepsy.

Main groups of medications

Anti-drug drugs are used indefinitely depending on the severity of the epileptic attack and the variety of key symptoms. There are a number of types of antiepileptic drugs available for current classification:

• anti-domestic barbiturates;
• drugs approved as hydantoin;
• Liki-oxazolidinoni;
• preparations based on succinimide;
• Iminostilbeni;
• tablets to replace benzodiazepines;
• medications based on valproic acid;
• Other anti-drug drugs.

The main tasks of the skin group of drugs are the suppression of spontaneous spasms that occur without further suppression of the central nervous system and the formation of various psychophysical remedies. Any type of drug is prescribed by the doctor on a strictly individual basis after carrying out a comprehensive diagnosis of a sick or severely damaged part of the brain. Remnants of epilepsy result from the release of high-intensity electrical impulses in the neurons of the brain, the first step in the fight against illness may be the use of medications in pain, which may affect the suppression of activity in the areas of the brain and the normalization of the work of other areas.

Features of stastosuvannya

Taking anti-domestic drugs lasts for several years until the patient is fully clothed, and for a long time in life in case of illness, since the causes of culpable epilepsy lie in
genetic disorder or illness has developed into an important chronic form. In some cases, as an additional treatment to medication, surgery is performed to remove the affected part of the brain, followed by a course of rehabilitation of the patient. Surgical intervention is indicated only on the recommendation of a doctor after a clear diagnosis has been carried out. Post-operative complications occur rarely and can manifest themselves in the appearance of numbness or short-hour paralysis of that part of the body that was most resistant to fatal reactions, as well as in the loss of active connection with distant parts of the brain.

Anti-drug drugs, however, have very few side effects and contraindications, which you must be aware of first before taking them for epilepsy. Also, being borderline honest with the doctor, the fragments are due to the evidence of another type of illness in the body, the doctor can recognize the additional damage to the immune system of the drug, as well as Take the most gentle tablets that can be removed by the courts. Particularly important for pregnant women, allergies, people with disorders of the central nervous system, psychoemotional disorders, patients with liver problems, impaired blood circulation and nitric deficiency. A report on the side effects of the skin drug can be read below in the table.

Mechanisms flow into the body

Tablets and medicinal powders for epileptic attacks are also broken down by a mechanism on the main receptors in the body. There are three main criteria that determine the effectiveness of the drug in the individual skin type of epilepsy:

• Interaction with the main receptors of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is responsible for the reaction of galvanization and awakening of neurons. Stimulation of receptors with the help of medications allows you to reduce the intensity of impulses generated by neurons and shorten the galvanization process. A similar infusion includes tablets based on valproic acid, anti-domic barbiturates (phenobarbital), drugs that include benzodiazepines (diazepam, clonazepam, etc.), vigabatrin tablets;
• Changes in the activity of glutamate receptors and their blocking. Glutamate is one of the main stimulating components of the nervous system; therefore, to effectively reduce the intensity of electrical impulses in neurons, it is necessary to have more active glutamate receptors;
• Blocking the function of sodium and potassium channels in nerve cells for enhanced synaptic transmission of impulses and, consequently, the reduction of fleeting muscle spasms. A similar effect can be achieved by the drugs carbamazepine, valproic tablets, phenytoin and others.

Today, approximately 70% of people who suffer from mild forms of epileptic attacks successfully recover from illness due to the stabilization of antiepileptic symptoms. However, the effective treatment of symptoms of epilepsy at most important stages of illness, as before, is deprived of relevant nutrition for trained and medical epileptologists from all over the world. Any medical treatment must meet special criteria for effectiveness, which include the severity of the influx on the patient’s body, high effectiveness in a variety of partial and generalized attacks (especially with snake all types of illness), anti-allergenic power, the presence of a sedative influx on the central nervous system, which affects the guilty drowsiness, apathy, fatigue, as well as medication overuse and withdrawal.

Description of medications

Anti-drug drugs are administered accordingly until they are effective in the body for a particular type of epileptic attack. The table shows the main types of attacks, the use of drugs directed against the symptoms of each attack, as well as the main effects of the skin drug.

Vessels of various kinds are caught six times more often in children than in adults. The stench can be due to chronic dehydration of the body, disruption of the balance of minerals, critical deficiency of potassium and magnesium, hypothermia, exhaustion, intoxication, epilepsy, pinched nerve at the canal, etc. Sudomi requires a lot of attention, especially as smells develop in babies in the first two years of life, even if spasms do not go away immediately, which can lead to serious damage to the baby’s central nervous system, straining the brain. Anti-domestic drugs come to help.

Anti-drug medications for children are prescribed in combination with other medications (anti-inflammatory, analgesics, antiviral, sedatives) after the reasons have been identified by the court.

For whom it is important for a doctor to re-examine the picture of the illness, it is important that children and children are most often persecuted by attacks in court, as the smell is often detected, which provokes them. The treatment proceeds for the inpatient’s mind under the constant supervision of the doctors.

Therapy with anti-seizure medications also requires a lot of additional research - ECG, MRI, etc.

How to act?

Anticonvulsant drugs act on the central nervous system, depressing it, which results in vascular spasms. However, the activities of representatives of anti-domestic activities have an additional effect - the stench depresses the respiratory center, and this can be even unsafe for children, especially small ones. Such anti-depressants are barbiturates and magnesium sulfate.

Benzodiazepines, droperidol with fentanyl, and iceocaine are used as medicinal methods that can be used to help a child’s health.

For help with gentle benzodiazepines (“Sibazon”, “Seduxen”) you can get away with any kind of court proceedings. The stench interferes with the expansion of the nerve impulse in the brain and spinal cord.

Droperidol and fentanyl are often used to treat children.

Lidocaine, when administered rapidly, causes the vessels to flow into the cell membrane - they begin to penetrate the cell membrane more easily.

Among the barbiturates, the most famous are Phenobarbital and Hexenal.“Phenobarbital” lasts for a long time, but the effect of its use is not immediately achieved, but when stopped by the court, the hour itself plays a major role. Moreover, as you age, the effect of the cheeks becomes faster. In children up to the age of 10 years, it will begin to expire within 5 years after taking it, and in children older than 2 years, Phenobarbital will be absorbed twice as quickly in the intestinal tract.

Children are advised not to take Hexenal, as the wine fragments strongly affect the respiratory system, suppressing it in a similar way to anesthesia.

Magnesium sulfate in pediatrics is also used infrequently, but is important in the treatment of cases associated with brain swelling and magnesium imbalance.

The most important factor in drug treatment in children is determining the optimal dose of the drug. Vaughn is taken strictly individually, to begin treatment, fahives are given in small doses, gradually increasing them as needed.

It is most important to inform yourself about your nutrition, as long as the course of treatment with anti-drug medications is affected. There is no single standard, since their children need to be adopted either before they get dressed, or all their lives, which are judged to be associated with important seizure pathologies.

Classification

Based on the method of infusing this kind of speech, all anti-suicide efforts are divided into one group:

• Iminostilbeni. Anti-seizure drugs with a slight analgesic effect and antidepressant effect. Move your mood, relax your muscles with spasms.
• Valproati. Anti-suicidal methods that may have the potential to relax muscles, which may have a sedative effect. The stench also moves the mood and normalizes the patient’s psychological state.
• Barbiturate. It is better to stop the courts, thereby reducing the pressure and allowing the expression to achieve the desired effect.
• Succiminids. These are anti-seizure remedies, which are indispensable in cases of seizures, if there is a need for spasms in nearby organs, or with neuralgia.
• Benzodiazepines. In addition to these medications, they suppress severe seizures; the drugs are prescribed for epilepsy.

Children's drugs against goiters meet a number of important criteria. The stench is not to blame for the impact on the psyche, it is not the fault of the call and delay, in which the medications are to blame for being hypoallergenic.

Fathers have neither the moral nor the legal right to choose such serious medications for their children independently. All anti-conspiracy drugs in Russian pharmacies are sold only upon presentation of a prescription, which is prescribed by the doctor after the causes of the criminal cases have been established.

List of anti-domestic drugs for children

"Carbamazepine". This anti-epileptic drug has a lot of advantages among its classifiers. It reduces pain in those who suffer from neuralgia. Reduces the frequency of attacks in epilepsy, after several days of taking the drug there is a decrease in anxiety, a change in aggression in children and children. Let your hands soak until you have enough time, and then it will continue for a long time. The drug is available in tablets. "Carbamazepine" is prescribed to children over 3 years of age.

"Zeptol". An anti-epileptic drug such as iminostilbenes promotes mood, suppresses the production of norepinephrine and dopamine, and causes pain. The drug is prescribed for epilepsy and tripartite neuralgia. The drug is released in the form of pills. Children can be given milk from the tritric age.

"Valparine". Anti-domestic actions of the Vaoproativ group. It does not suppress breathing, does not affect arterial pressure, and has a mild sedative effect. “Valparin” is prescribed for mild epilepsy, strokes associated with organic brain disorders, and febrile strokes (diseases at high temperature in children under 6 years of age).

"Apilepsin". This anti-seizure drug is prescribed not only for curative epilepsy, but also for childhood tics, but also for febrile seizures in children. The liquids are produced in the form of drops for internal use, tablets, dry liquid for internal injections and droppers, as well as in the form of syrup. Children under 3 years of age can take medication from syrup. Starting with three risks, other forms of the drug are allowed.

"Convulex". The anti-domestic drug of the vaoproate group has a mild, calming effect and has the ability to relax muscles. The drug allows you to go from a wide range of cases to a variety of cases from epileptic to febrile. In addition, Convulex is prescribed to children who are at risk of bipolar disorder. Form the release of meat - from dry liquid for further preparation by injection into capsules and tablets. So called “childish” shaped faces - drops for receiving internal syrup. Capsules and tablets are contraindicated for children under 3 years of age. They can be given a rare form of “Convulex”.

"Phenobarbital". This anti-domestic effect falls under the category of barbiturates. It suppresses the cerebral measles zone and closes the respiratory center. May have a synergistic effect. The drug is prescribed to children with mild epilepsy, severe sleep disturbances, spastic paralysis, and a number of cases not associated with manifestations of epilepsy. Available in tablets. There may be meanings for children as a people.

In addition, Antilepsin, Iktoril, Rivotril, Pufemid, Ronton, Etimal and Sumish Sereysky are effective against children.

Why can't you be robotic?

If a child is on trial, do not try to independently explain the reason for their guilt. Call out “I’ll help you, Swede,” and while you’re on the lookout for the doctors, carefully watch out for the little one – the nature of the trial in him is likely to be such a great pain syndrome, and you will have to pay attention to the severity of the court spasms. All this information will be useful later for doctors to make a correct diagnosis.

It is not right to give children any kind of anti-drug drugs on their own. Also, do not give water to babies or hedgehogs, as some of them may be consumed in a dangerous way and could result in suffocation.

Don’t get carried away with the child’s movu. This has expanded the pardon. My baby is not more comfortable, but the axle will suffocate so that in the wild way it is possible to wear out the teeth that were injured when trying to squeeze a crack.

Do not limit the child to the court in one fixed position. This can cause serious injuries to the joints, stretching, and rupture of sores.

The famous pediatrician Komarovsky reports about the trials:

For the sake of the fathers as a doctor to the Union of Pediatricians of Russia: