Budova is geological from afar. Geological budova and brown copalini from afar

Distant Skhid is the most distant part of the central part of the Russian region. This warehouse includes 9 subjects, the population of which is unevenly distributed. All smells are caused by the same climate and geological environment. This great influx of officials creates a relief of localism.

Zagalnye features: tectonic budova of the Distant Right away

The territory of the Far East extends along the Pacific coast of Russia for 4500 km. It is formed in the zone of contact of lithospheric plates (the Siberian platform and the Pacific folding region), and folding processes are still going on here. Through the special nature of the lithosphere, the locality of the mountainous and hilly is given. In the Far East, earthquakes and seas occur more often than in other regions, which are accompanied by a tsunami, and volcanism is avoided.

Kamchatka is home to the tallest volcano in Eurasia – the famous Klyuchevska Sopka.

Small 1. Klyuchivska Sopka.

Burn Distantly

Regardless of the fact that most of the territory of the Far Right is surrounded by mountains, in reality there are not so many great mountain systems. Axis actions from them:

• Sikhote-Alin - The largest urban system in the region. It lies across Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krai. The highest mountain range is Tordoki-Yani, whose height is 2090 meters.

Small 2. Girsk system Sikhote-alin.

• Suntar-Hayata - Girsky ridge, growing in the territory of Yakutia and Khabarovsk region. The largest mountain of this mountainous region is Mus-Khaya. Its height is 2959 meters.
• Verkhoyansk lantsyugs – located on the territory of Yakutia and extends for 1200 km. The Orulgan ridge and the Kular and Kharaulakh ridges enter the Lantzug warehouse.
• Dzhugjur – Khabarovsk region 700 km. The maximum height is Mount Topko, whose height is 1906 meters.

Volcanoes of the Distant Immediately

The territory of Dalekoy is immediately famous for the fact that there is a large number of volcanoes here, including the largest volcano in Eurasia - Klyuchevska Sopka.

Klyuchevska Sopka – the age of the volcano is approximately 7000 years old, and rises on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Another great volcano that exists is Shiveluch.

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Small 3. Volcano Shiveluch.

The height of the volcano is 3283 meters.

Not far from Klyuchevskaya Sopka there is the Bezimenny volcano, which is active and has a height of 2882 meters. You can also reach the great volcano Karimska Sopka. It has a height of 1468 meters, where the crater constantly sees hot gases.

On the territory of Kamchatka there is the Valley of Geysers - the largest collection of geysers in Eurasia.

Povid assessment

Average rating: 4.3. Usyogo otrimano ratings: 23.

Option 1

° Z; falls over 600 mm.

C) Kamchatka Peninsula D) Primorye

Test on the topic “Great natural regions of Russia”

Option 2

5. Are such descriptions of natural components typical for which parts of the Russian Plain?

A) European Pivnich B) Central Russia C) European Pivden

Types.

Option 1

Option 2

Forward view:

Test on the topic “Great natural regions of Russia”

Option 1

1. How can we get from the Girsky systems to the Alpine folding frequency?

A) Caucasus B) Ural C) Khibin D) Altai

2. Indicate where the subsurface protection zone of the Zakhodno-Siberian Lowland is indicated correctly:

A) tundra – forest-tundra – taiga – mixed foxes – broadleaf foxes

B) forest-tundra – taiga – broad-leaved foxes – steppe

C) tundra – forest-tundra – taiga – forest-steppe – steppe

D) taiga – forest-tundra – forest-steppe – steppe

3. Which lakes are located in the Caspian Lowlands:

A) Chani B) Khanka C) Sarezske D) Elton

4. The least amount of rainfall on the territory of the Converging European Plain falls on...

A) daytime entry B) daytime exit C) daytime exit D) daytime entry

5. Are such descriptions of natural components typical for which parts of the Russian Plain?

1) in the summer, the sun will not enter, but in the winter - the kingdom of snow;

2) the relief is flat; near the shallow depressions there were salty lakes; There are 5-6 fewer drops of litter, and less can be evaporated;

3) summer is neither cold nor specious; The average temperature is 17 – 20° Z; falls over 600 mm.

A) European Pivnich B) Central Russia C) European Pivden

6. Kamyano-birch foxes with tall-grass onions will grow in the Far Gathering near the area

A) Chukotka Peninsula B) Sakhalin Island

C) Kamchatka Peninsula D) Primorye

7. In what sequence of altitudinal belts does one change in the mountains of Pivnichno-Skhidny Siberia from the bottom up to the peaks?

A) foxes, Girskaya tundra, cedar forests, cold deserts and ice fields;

B) Girsky tundra, cold deserts, eternal snows and ice fields;

C) foxes, dwarf cedar chagarniks, Girskaya tundra;

D) foxes, Girsky tundra, cold desert

8. Which part of the Urals has a lot of lakes that are occupied by karst caves?

A) near Peredural B) near Subpolar Urals

C) near the Trans-Ural D) from the converging bottom of the Middle Urals

9. What unpleasant natural phenomena can most likely threaten the inhabitants of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk?

A) earthquake B) dry land C) suppuration D) typhoon

10. What natural complexes are represented in the ravines of the Pivdenny Siberian mountains?

A) broadleaf foxes B) steppe C) deserts D) monsoon foxes

Test on the topic “Great natural regions of Russia”

Option 2

1. How can we get from the Hercynian systems to the Galusa of the Hercynian fold?

A) Caucasus B) Ural C) Khibiny D) Birranga

2. The territory of the Far Right is characterized by great tectonic activity. This is explained:

a) a seaside settlement for the region;

B) great territory from day to day;

C) Distant Skhid is an important Georgian territory;

D) becoming a territory at the junction of the largest lithospheric plates.

3. Pivnichnye Uvali is the watershed of the basin river.

A) Pivnichnaya Dvina and Volga B) Dnieper and Pechori C) Volga and Ob D) Yeniseya and Oleni

4. Select an area for which nature has the most characteristic forest-wetland complexes:

A) Central Russia B) Western Siberia

C) Early Descent to Siberia D) Distant Descent

5. Are such descriptions of natural components typical for which parts of the Russian Plain?

1) in the middle of the rose-colored hills and ridges, a lot of lakes with chimeric shapes are scattered; moraines hump and ridges are covered with yaline and yaline-broad-leaved forests; pine foxes grow on the hillocks;

2) this is the territory closest to the rivers; The rivers swell, it’s important to eat snow; the stench is sinuous, with a strong flow, with a great volume of oxbow; the inflow of the river is shallow;

3) rivers are characterized by a large number of rapids and waterfalls; the stench of rich waters, the sweat of the river flows and does not last long; Many rivers flow through lakes, creating a single water system.

A) European Pivnich B) Central Russia C) European Pivden

6. A far-flung, richly layered forest with cedars, yalits, yalins, yews, maples, wild apple trees and widening pears (on)

A) Kamchatsky B) along the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk

C) Kuril Islands D) Primorye

7. In what sequence of altitudinal belts does one change in the Caucasus from the bottom to the peaks?

A) forest belt, forest-steppe belt, subalpine belt, alpine belt, snow and ice belt;

B) forest-steppe belt, forest belt, subalpine belt, alpine belt, snow and ice belt;

C) forest-steppe belt, forest belt, alpine belt, subalpine belt, snow and ice belt;

D) forest-steppe belt, forest belt, subalpine belt, snow and ice belt;

8. The main genera of salts in Western Siberia are located in the natural area

A) tundra B) taiga C) lush forests D) steppe

9. Choose the rices of nature that are typical for the Ural mountains:

A) the coming days tended to have more falls, less fall;

B) the height of the mountains increases from day to day;

C) the most characteristic steppe and forest natural complexes;

D) it is a watershed between the basins of the Pacific and Northern Ice Oceans.

10. What kind of mountain systems do not lie up to the belt of the mountains of Pivdennogo Siberia?

A) Altai B) Yablonovy ridge C) Verkhoyansk ridge D) Zahidny Sayan

Types.

Option 1

1-A 2 - B 3 - D 4 - B 5 - 1-A, 2-B, 3-B

6 – U 7 – U 8 – A 9 – A, P 10. B

Option 2

1-B 2 - G 3 - A 4 - B 5 - 1-B, 2-B, 3-A

6 - D 7 - B 8 - D 9 - A, B 10.

The territory of the Distant Immediately extends zonally to the region of late Cenozoic folding and extends to the Pacific belt. The Russian coast of the Pacific Ocean is part of two continental plates that are approaching each other - the Asian and the American. The slab contact zone is characterized by a characteristic “indentation” of the ocean floor.

Typical signs of stellate rocking of plates are the activity of crusts, deep depressions and significant processes of mountain building, which are accompanied by earthworms and the activity of volcanoes. In fact, geosynclines are active zones of the earth’s crust, creating a ring around the Pacific Ocean that is shrinking.

This confirms the fact that the surface of the ocean is shrinking, as evidenced by the names of the Pacific volcanic belt - the Lancug of the high mountain ranges. The rise of the ocean floor near the Russian territory of the Far East. A sign of the geological youth of the region and tectonic activity is the high concentration of active and dormant volcanoes.

The Kamchatka Peninsula is home to 29 active volcanoes, the number of which in the region is close to 180. Another evidence of activity in the Kuril Islands is caused by the Lanzug volcanoes, in addition to which a deep (9.7 km) Kuril-Kamchatka Trench appears near the islands. Most people believe that similar troughs can be located at the point of entry of the oceanic crust under the continental crust.

The most important for centuries is the upper part of the Far East, which has a more complex geological and tectonic structure, lower in the zone of the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka, which is characterized by high unevenness and seismological activity, which is associated with participating geosynclines.

Among the elements of the mainland Far are immediately present:

• Outlying massifs;
• Warehousing systems;
• Structuring a number of platforms.

The regional part, built up in the modern region, is noticeable by the presence of narrow deep-water depressions that run through the zone of oceanic and continental crust. Geologist L.I. Chervony, based on localization, sees a group of megablocks and elements that go into their warehouse:

• Sea of ​​Okhotsk - Koni-Taigonsky belt of volcanoes, Kuril-Kamchatka arc (islands), Sea of ​​Okhotsk depression and massif, Skhidno-Skhalinskaya and Hokaido-Sakhalinskaya fold systems;
• Kolymsky – Okhotsk and Omolon massifs, Okhotsk-Chukotsky volcanic belt, Pivdenno-Anyuysk and Verkhoyansk-Chukotsky storage areas;
• Aldano-Stanovy - A descending section of the great Siberian plate, which rises Aldan-Stanovy shield with characteristic crystalline complexes, which indicate a long time ago;
• Bering Sea - terrestrial parts of the geosynclinal-folding Koryak system (day), the Kuril-Kamchatka arc (day) and the Aleutian-Alaskan system (back);
• Amur - Sikhote-Alinsky volcanic belt and fold system, Khanka and Bureya massif of intergeosynclinal type, Amur-Okhotsk fold system.

Relief of a Distant Immediately

The most important type of relief in Dalekoe Skhod is Girsky, due to the peculiarity of the tectonic structure. The dominance of the highlands means the different rows of the plains and their interregional localization. The largest plains are developed between: the Central Kamchatka lowland, the Anadir and Penzhina lowlands, and the Parapilsky valley.

What is important is the number of ridges that were eroded at the end of the distant descent; they are characterized as mountainous massifs and anticlinal uplifts. Synclinal depressions appear in depression zones. The Chukotka ridges are composed of Verkhoyansk rocks and date back to the Mesozoic fold.

In the localized region of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt, ridges have been formed that protrude from the seashore of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, the valleys of the Chukotka upland, the entry point of the Anadirsko-Penzhinsky lowland and the Ana ridge Dirsky flathead. The designated elements have a varied structure and are composed of structures of different ages, including Quaternary, Paleogene and Upper Cream.

Є in the field of structure of the Cenozoic period. To the warehouse zone at this time: Kuril, Kamchatka, Koryak Nagira. A characteristic feature of all the elements is their localization in a zone of high volcanic activity and young geosynclines. The highest point in the region is located at an altitude of 4.75 km. – Klyuchevskaya Sopka, the average height of the Girsky peaks is 2-3 km.

In addition to tectonic processes, rivers, oceans and climate played an active part in shaping the region's topography. Erosive factors in the relief are evident on the territory of all distant places. Other significant factors include: physical vibration, solufication and periodic icing.

The characteristic and typical relief of the Far East is the central and low-mountain massifs. There is a clearly visible border of deep valleys that dissects most of the massifs, and a large number of them have mountains with flat tops. The height of the region varies from 0.5 to 1.7 km. The most exposed zones of Kamchatka, the Koryak and Chukotka regions have a varied, almost Alpine, relief. Most of the relief forms are glaciers, and there are also some lava plateaus.

Korisni kopalini Distant Right away

The wealth of the Russian Far East is a proven fact. It is our duty to work in the region as a world leader behind this show. Here lie such brown diggings as naphtha, gas, metals of various categories and classes, etc. The region may produce minerals, bauxite, tin, titanium and other chemical elements whose characteristics meet light standards. At the Far Gathering there are plots, the development of which does not require large investments, all of which can be mastered in a short period of time.

The process of breeding copal copals in the region is difficult for the following reasons:

• Lack of geological data;
• Type of infrastructure;
• High transport and logistics costs;
• The glybina is small, covered with copalin.

Regardless of the complexity of minds, one is wary of the growing role of the Far East in the economic development of the region. In the future, the region will be used for the development of new geological exploration technologies and the production of brown copalins. The potential of the region is assessed as very high.

And there is an intact ligament with it in all the joints.

The tectonic development of the Distant Skhid extends to the area of ​​the new (Cenozoic) mountain formation, as part of the Pacific fold belt.

We know the peculiarities of tectonic history that are important for this area.

From the very beginning, the entire landmass of the earth created a single continent - Laurasia. Then the wines split, and America, on one side, and Eurasia and Africa, on the other, began to move away from one another, and between them the Atlantic Ocean.

Those that are adjacent to the Pacific Ocean are a surplus of the only land on both sides - America and Asia. In this contact zone, the continental plates “suppress” the oceanic crust beneath themselves, creating the largest oceanic depressions. As a result, the most active processes of mountain building take place here, accompanied by volcanism and earthquakes.

In this way, the Pacific Ocean seems to be a belt of geosynclines (rudy plots of the earth’s crust), which step by step “squeeze the ring” around the new, flat ocean. The Lantsyug mountain ranges near the Pacific Ocean are called Pacific volcanic belt.

Also, at the Russian Distant Gathering there is a “dwelling of land on the sea,” which is accompanied by active processes of combustion.

In this manner, characteristic of the tectonics of the Far East, the activity of this area is a legacy of its geological youth and the “struggle between land and sea.” The stars are spread out: in Kamchatka there are 180 in sight, 29 in sight; Lanzyuzhok volcanic mountains and the Kuril Islands, ordering them to pass the deep-water Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (depth up to 9700 m). In such trenches, as the theory of lithospheric plates suggests, the oceanic crust is buried under the continental crust (however, not everything is the same).

Volcanoes, earthquakes - all this “violence of the elements” is present at the Distant Gathering.

The flow from the Pacific Ocean means the climate of the Far East - its monsoon character. In winter, as you already know, as a result of the cooling of the earth's surface in the center of Eurasia, an anticyclone sets in. Over the ocean at this time the pressure is lower, so the lower land cools (and warms) more, and the winter increases more. That's why the winds blow away from the land to the sea, and the winter wears off, and the remaining inflows of the sea can be felt. For example, in Vladivostok, which is located at the latitude of Sochi, winter can be as harsh as in Arkhangelsk (as local residents say, “the latitude of Krimska, but the depth of Kolymsk”).

Soon the situation changes to the worst. In the central parts of Eurasia, the surface of the earth quickly heats up, the heat from it rises up, and an area of ​​low pressure is created. And over the ocean at this time the pressure is greater, the water is colder, the land below is dry. Therefore, the winds then blow from the sea to the land and bring litter.

The “violence of the elements” is manifested in the climate of the region: sometimes severe storms collapse (especially often in the spring, which brings floods in rivers and flooding of banks); Sometimes this is associated with Pacific typhoons (even severe cyclones, in which hurricane winds are accompanied by storms).

Therefore, the stock of value of the dominion to the Distant seems to be richer than that of European Russia and Siberia: it will be made of seismic-resistant structures; evacuation routes for the population in times of insecurity due to hurricanes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions; reserves of everything necessary for life in the locality and village (burning water, food products, drinking water) for the immediate release of the connection from the outside world.

The peculiarity of the wildlife in the area is the extreme diversity of species and their mixture over a small territory. This is especially typical for the most popular part of the region (between the Amur, Ussuria and the Sea of ​​Japan), where moss grows and wild deer grow in the lower part of the Amur, and lotus, wild grapes and Amur tigers grow near Lake Khanka. A type of yalina entwined with wild grapes (semi-springs typical for different climatic zones) still fascinates botanists.

As you already know, the Russians appeared at the Far Gathering in the 17th century (in 1639 they moved on the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, in 1643 they moved on the Amur River), and after the military conflict with the Manchus, the cordon of the Russian lands was lo put on the pivnich, away from the Russians went to the beginning of the 17th century to Kamchatka, and finally to Russian America. Since 1860, the cordons between Russia and China began to develop here.

The history of the formation of the current Russian-Japanese border is going on. In 1855, the first Russian-Japanese treaty “on trade and cordons” (signed during the recent Crimean War for Russia) recognized the island of Sakhalin as “undivided between Russia and Japan”, and the wilderness part of the Kuril Islands (the islands of Kunashir, Iturup, Shikotan and a number of other ) ) getting to know Japan. Following the 1875 agreement “on the exchange of territories,” Russia transferred all the Kuril Islands to Japan in exchange for official Japanese rule from Sakhalin, which was recognized as neighboring Russia. Following the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905, signed after the recent Russian-Japanese War for Russia and in the minds of the Russian revolution, which had begun, Japan received the remaining half of Sakhalin (up to 50- ї parallels). It will be determined that after the end of the war with Japan in 1945, Sakhalin again came to the USSR and again - we smoked. However, the peace treaty with Japan has not been signed, so it will block entry to the warehouse of the USSR, and (nine - Russia) the remaining parts of the Kuril Islands.

The settlement by Russians of the Far East was developed both before the revolution and after it, with its main goal of securing this territory behind Russia, so that the region has little access to the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the main objectives were to strengthen Russia's military presence in the Pacific Ocean and ensure the ability to defend this territory.

The fragments of the main place of the Far East (Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Blagovishchensk) stand either at the very cordon, or near it, in the 1930s, in the depths of the territory, the support base of the industry began to emerge, in front of Vyskovo ї: Komsomolsk-on-Amur (refinery metallurgical plant " Amurstal", production of military aircraft and ships) and Arsenyev (flights, equipment for military vessels). Vladivostok became the main center of military and civil ship repair, and the opposite place, the island of Rossiysky, became one of the bases of the Pacific Fleet.

The distant Shid was a single region where the two superpowers of the USSR and the USA directly separated one from another: from the two islands of Diomede in the Bering Sea, the outgoing one (Ratmanov Island) lying on the SRSR (and at the same time - Russia), and the outgoing one (Cruz Island) enstern) belong to the USA; They are shared by a channel about 4 km wide. In the event of a war between the USSR and the United States, the armored forces of the two powers would immediately come to an end. That's why the entire Distant Gathering was filled with military forces: naval bases, airfields, garrisons, training grounds, etc. And the main departments of the People's Dominion of the Distant Immediately had to provide the military units with all the necessary needs - like the hour, and the military one.

The “gromadyansk” specialty of the region focused on the types of products that could be economically transported to European Russia, regardless of the long distance.

First of all, there is a wealth of colored ores (tin, lead, zinc, tungsten, gold and others). In other words, there is a large industry (about half of the Russian production) - the processing of fish (including such valuable species as salmon) and seafood (crabs, squid, mussels, scallops, sea cucumbers, sea cabbage and others). The third area of ​​specialization is logging and pulp and paper production; The fragments that are much closer to European Russia are similar (and worse) to the production of similar Siberia, while the distant similarity is oriented towards export (in front of Japan).

The prospect of a long-distance gathering will, of course, increasingly focus on connections with the edges of the Pacific Ocean basin. In this case, we need to try to emulate the role of a simple postal worker of the country and the rich resources of the region in order to raise the life of the population to a higher level, and, in addition, to properly represent Russia and protect its interests from the great the wider Pacific region.

By Distant Gathering It is customary to call the territory of Russia, developed to protect the sea. This territory also includes the expansion of the Kuril Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, for which the super river has already been fought for many times. Distant Skhid consists of mainland, peninsula and island parts. The Crimea of ​​the Kuril Islands to this warehouse also includes the Kamchatka region, the island, and other (other) single ones, distributed among similar cordons of Russia.

The length of the Far Departure from the daytime departure (view) to the daytime approach (to the cordons of Korea) is large and amounts to 4.5 thousand kilometers. Its northern part is located behind the polar stake, so there is almost a whole river of snow lying here, and saving the seas, which wash, are not completely cleared of ice before the influx. The land near the downstream part of the Distant Skhod Skuta. It's a shame here. The modern part of the Distant Immediately has a richly soft mind. One of the indicators of the unique value of the parts are those that are characteristic of the groundwood tree to grow among the bushes that are more often found in the subtropics. Thus, climatic conditions in different parts of this territory tend to vary greatly, one after another. The temperature regime is especially important, and the flow is moved. The great influx into the climate of everything distant is also close at once.

Far-flung cedar cones

Just a quarter of the territory of the Far East will be occupied. The stench mainly occurs in quiet areas of the coast, tectonic activity is low (Zakhidno-Kamchatsk, Pivnichno-Sakhalinsk), as well as in the Mizhgir depressions (Middle Amur, Anadirsk, Central Kamchatsk), the area It is noticeably small. The relief of the Distant Immediately was formed significantly during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods. The warehouses of the zone and the Mizhgir depressions also appeared. The singing inflow molds the relief by pressing on the ocean. So, for example, all the current and future shelter at that hour was under water. Only later, these plots have settled on the surface, where they remain still.

With the decline of the Skhid, the character of the Far Skhod changes from ancient to young, from folded-blocky to folded and blocky-folded. The highest altitudes of the mountains (the Dzhagdi, Bureinsky, Badzhalsky, Sikhote-Alin and other ridges) were occupied for a long time. Following this, the ideas of various fractional relief forms (hills, cars and paths) were preserved.

Thus, as a result of various internal (tectonic) and external (glaciation, ocean waters) different types of relief were formed:

• - denudation of middle and low altitudes with plots of ice-shaped relief forms on Paleozoic and Mesozoic libe-fold structures
• erosive-denudation low-altitude Sikhote-Alin and Sakhalin on Mesozoic and Cenozoic folded and folded structures with lava plateaus
• denudation-erosive strata plains of the Mizhgir depressions
• the plains of the Mizhgir depressions on Mesozoic and Cenozoic folded structures.

Ussuri taiga

Due to the nature of tectonic processes, the surfaces also change. So, for example, on the Kuril Islands, where the pressure reaches 15-20 kilometers, three elements of the tectonic structure are mainly damaged. Such are island arcs and deep-water depressions. This molding was carried out sequentially. At the first stage, at the point of contact between the oceanic and continental plates, a deep-sea trench was created. At another stage, the marginal sea is established, and then the rift basin is formed among the islands.

The relief of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the mainland part of the region is reflected in a more ancient period. What is important here is the continental and transitional (from oceanic to continental) earth's crust, ridge-fold structures, and late-transverse troughs. The relief of this territory is characterized by lowlands and volcanic forms. Here, for example, the Mizhgirsky Anadyr-Penzhinsky plain has been destroyed.

The structure of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands is mainly composed of kreidov and siege. In places of progynia there are also downy Neogene deposits. The daily processes of creating the relief of Dalekoye Skhod are indicated by tectonic processes and rich permafrost (near the bottom part).

Active tectonic processes that occur in the Nina Distant Convergence are the cause of various events. There are a number of active volcanoes and geysers on this territory. This part of the planet often experiences strong (up to 10 points) and sea trousers. The rest are responsible for the majestic oceanic vines. All these cataclysms lead to significant destruction and loss of life. Therefore, this part of Russia is the most unpleasant from the point of view of the visibility of the dangerous phenomena of nature.