The special life of Anna Akhmatova. Unseen facts about famous writers

Was born near Odessa (Great Fountain). Daughter of mechanical engineer Andriy Antonovich Gorenka and Inni Erazmovna, nee Stogovaya. As a poetic pseudonym, Anna Andrievna took the nickname of her great-grandmother Tatar Akhmatova.

1890 rub. Gorenko's homeland moved to Tsarskoye Selo near St. Petersburg, and Anna lived until she was 16. It began at the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium, in one of the classes of which the future man Mikola Gumilyov began. U 1905 r. My family moved to Evpatoria, and then to Kiev, de Ganna completed her gymnasium course at the Funduklia Gymnasium.

Akhmatova's first crown was worn in Paris in 1907. from the magazine “Sirius”, which seems to be Russian. 1912 r. Vershy’s first book “Evening” was published. At that time, she was already signing under the pseudonym Akhmatov.

The 1910s have rocks. Akhmatova’s creativity was closely connected with the poetic group of acmeists that took shape in the spring of 1912. The founders of acmeism were Sergey Gorodetsky and Mikola Gumiliov, born in 1910. becoming Akhmatova’s man.

Because of her bright personality, talent, and witty intelligence, Ganna Andrievna earned the respect of the poets who were dedicated to her, the artists who painted her portraits (N. Altman, K. Petrov-Vodkin, Yu. Annenkov , M. Sar'yan then) . . Composers created music on this work (S. Prokof'ev, A. Lur'ie, A. Vertinsky, etc.).

1910 rub. She visited Paris, where she became acquainted with the artist A. Modigliani, who painted a number of her portraits.

Along with her great fame, she had the opportunity to experience many special tragedies: in 1921. Gumilyov's man was shot in the spring of 1924. A resolution was issued by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, which actually defended Akhmatova’s fight against each other. The 1930s have rocks. Repressions did not hit all of our friends and like-minded people. The stench touched the people closest to them: first of all the arrests and exiles of their son Lev Gumiliov, then another man, the mystical scientist Mikola Mikolayovich Punin.

With the rest of her life, while living near Leningrad, Akhmatova worked extensively and actively: in addition to completing her works, she was engaged in translations, wrote memoirs, etc., preparing a book about A.S. Pushkin. The recognition of the poet’s great services to world culture was awarded in 1964. International Poetry Prize "Etna Taormina", and his scientific work was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from the University of Oxford.

Akhmatova died at a sanatorium near Moscow. She was buried near the village of Komarov near Leningrad.

As for the sons of Annie Akhmatova and Mikoli Gumilyov, Lev Gumilyov, I’m sorry for how my mother talks to the person who looked in before them, yelling: “Stop being kingly!”

And she couldn’t do it any other way. It’s not for nothing that in middle Europe poetry was called “mystery of the nobility.” It is not so much the husband’s figure that is in vogue, but rather the state of the soul of the author of enchanting series. What about nobility without a queen? And who else but Ganni Akhmatova deserves such a title?

Queen's birth

She was born on the 11th of 1889 in the old style, or on the 23rd of the new style, in Odessa. The area, where it came to be, was called the Great Fountain - and this was the greatest unevenness in the life of the future poetry. Because if you name a place, like the names of people, you will always have sacred meanings, you will always have a kind of hidden place.

What is a fountain? It’s not just a beautiful place with cool streams that shimmer. This is another symbol of the wonderful vibuhu. The same vibukha, the successor of which the Universe was created. They say so: “The whole world has become the successor of the Great Vibuhu.” Vibuhu, who, most importantly, directly followed the Will of God.

This vibukh is not ruination, but creation. And the girl, born in the area of ​​​​the Great Fountain, was also similar to the All-World, created as a result of the vibration of this Divine gift. Even the poetry of Ganni Akhmatova is not rows and it is not light, but light. І completion to the All-World in the name of “Anna Akhmatova” is also a whole mystical act.

The same name “Anna” is more energetic. Moreover, this is the biblical name (the correct reading is “Hannah”), but it is also read right-handed to the right and right-handed to the left. The ancient mystical schools believed that this power had the power of a person of no importance, perhaps the one who was consecrating a special mission. And why didn’t this mission die that was born then?

Their current nickname is Gorenko, but after the first publication, Father defended the eleven-year-old girl with his nickname. And then Hanna raised the nickname “Akhmatova” from above her family guide. This is what my great-grandmother had on her mother’s side.

Perhaps, unknown, she amplified this with her subordinate cry to the marriage: the biblical name “Anna”, seemingly great and tragic, the nickname “Akhmatova” multiplied, apparently quilting all the self-praise of gold ї Ordi, the main historical opponent.

The Queen and the Mandrivnik

In 1890, my family moved to Tsarskoe Selo, where the spirit of the undying Pushkin permeated the skin of a person who was incredible to the poetic word. There Anna, born in 1900, entered the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium.

It is clear that this was the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, the walls of which knew the idol of Alexander Pushkin, but nevertheless the thread of attack was clearly pierced.

Hanna wrote: “My first enemies are Tsarskoye Selo: the greenery, the rich lushness of the parks, the vigins where my nanny took me, the racetrack where little streaked horses galloped, the old train station and everything else that has gone into the “Ode of Tsarskoye Selo.” gymnasiums. It’s bad at first, then it’s much better, but then you don’t want to. In 1905, my parents separated, and my mother and her children went to the party. We lived with Evpatoria for a whole river, where I took a course at the gymnasium class at home. The remaining class took place in Kiev, at the Fundukliyivskyi Gymnasium, which graduated in 1907.”

Then there was the beginning of the major women's courses and the major historical and literary courses of Raev in St. Petersburg.

Anna married Mikola Gumilov, who had known her since 1903.

Gumilyov is not just a singer. I was once a singing teacher! Vin became the founder of the whole, called “Acmeism” by critics. Acme - the Vishcha Power, those who shine with light. And then, acmeists are the people who carry this Power to life, understand it, exalt its will with my poetry.

Mikola Gumilyov, formerly a great mandrivnik. Having traveled to many lands, including mysterious and similar lands, there is evidence of the arrival of extraordinary ideas and similar philosophies, a belief in share, in karma, in the importance of everything.

Gumilian is a man of swearing, which tends to the less famous poetry, and sometimes to ridicule it. Vіn measures the top to his own arshin. This often screams wonder, or even protest. All the same, his authority is even greater.

Mandrivnik and with Annie, having created a mandrivnik. She visited Paris, then she became more expensive in Italy. Everything has dealt with this great enemy. And especially the acquaintance with the great Modigliani influenced the creativity of the poet. At the same time, the Meister himself will not lose any respect to the Russian author. Yogo little 1911 rock, where the young and strong Ganna Akhmatova is depicted.

1911 r_k. This little one Akhmatova saved her whole life

In 1912, his son Lev Gumiliov, the future leader of the Russians, was born. At the same time, the first collection of Ganni's works was released in a circulation of 300 examples from an unexpected, yet again deep, secret, perhaps mystical place, called “Evening”.

And already in 1914, the publisher “Hyperborea” published the book “Readings” for these hours (as well as for ours!) in a circulation of 1000 copies. And in the same edition of “Hyperborea”, the third collection of poetry by Annie Akhmatova “Bila Zgraya” was published in 1917. The circulation is already 2000 copies! What can you say about the insane growth of the authority?

It would seem, glory be, that it would be possible to live a literary life, to express one’s thoughts freely, if they were circulated in the salons of the Russian intelligentsia, and foreign ones as well.

Korolova and Chervone Wheel

And at that hour the exit of the Great Wheel of Reds began. It exuded all the shades of class hatred and easily crushed anyone who did not want to compromise its path.

Hanna had little interest in politics. It is hardly possible not to note how the instructions are being recreated in the holy place of Russian culture, poetry. The “brothers” were scurrying around, they killed the boys who came to hand in the Junker uniform, they shot the officers only for those who lost their loyal oaths. I knew Pushkin and Dostoevsky's Petersburg firsthand. There was no longer Petersburg, but Petrograd, which was preparing to become Leningrad.

In 1918, Anna was separated from her teacher and fellow Mikola Gumiliov, and in 1921 he was shot as a participant in the White Guard crime. Gumilyov lost his muscles to the bone as an officer. And we say that he was not respectable before the fight against the Worm Wheel, but he was still a protest person, an individual from the great literature, which was a terrible evil for the proletarians of all lands.

Regardless of the location and the unfavorable exit of the Wheel of Hearts, Queen Hanna continues to be friends. In the summer of 1921, the publishing house “Petropolis” published her fourth book, “The Plantain,” and in the summer of 1921, her fifth collection was “In the summer of 1921.” And then the era of writing to the table began! Censored media outlets are less and less willing to publish the old-regime lady, the number one person who was shot at by the White Guard. In 1938, Lev also learned what chervone vuzol was.

And yet Annie has no desire to leave Batkivshchyna. There you are, living as, perhaps, another queen, Marie Antoinette, lived before her death. Happy birthday! And just as Marie Antoinette could, having stepped on a cat’s foot, say “Vibachte, monsieur!”, so Hanna proudly walked away from her experience. A poignant and terrible and poetic document for that hour is the poem “Requiem”, which she didn’t dare to write down, but remembered: “It was when only the dead laughed, the washing of radium, and the needless importance of the whites. know your own Leningrad... »

Queen and war

Hanna knew the war, as it belongs to the queen, and it is absolutely necessary to fight to the end. Vaughn never even thought about how to get the Germans “willing to resist the yoke of Bolshovism”:

We know that Nina lies on Teresa
And what does it look like?
The hour of manhood has struck on our anniversary,
And masculinity has not left us.

And yet, due to the efforts of the doctors, Ganna had to leave Leningrad, she was evacuated first to Moscow, then to Chistopol, through Kazan to Tashkent, where a new poetic collection appeared in it. Just after May 15, 1945, Akhmatova turned to evacuation.

Queen and tyrant

So, Akhmatova was published badly, so, they tried not to mark her, so, her reading area was invariably heard, and yet she was free. Phenomenon! Share! It's still there. On the right is that Stalin wrote poems in his youth. And all my life was never before rich literature. That’s why he didn’t cover Bulgakov. And speaking about Bulgakov, he is a good writer. Ale bastard”, prote loving yogo “Bil Gvardiya”. Not in favor, but such independent people of Russian literature as Pasternak and Chukovsky created. Igor the Northerner, who died during the German occupation of Estonia, was unable to return to Russia. Ale allowed for his arrival and was denied.

Of course, he died near the camp. Ale vin never streamed at his vertices and vyslovlyuvannyakh. Ganna, despite the Stalinist regime, did not voice anything. And it was important to the tyrant that the queen did not declare her right to have a free thought!

Another, secret reason. Akhmatova was friends with Natalia Lvova, as the fame of the “great St. Petersburg chaklunka” was small. Lvova, who came from a noble noble family, had a small gift for education, took up magic, and easily read people’s thoughts. It is said that Stalin sometimes asked them for consultation. The NKVS resettled her from Leningrad to Moscow, where she found an apartment. Lvova and Stalin did not respect Hanna.

The tyrant and the queen appeared tied by what appears to be a wondrous energy-death bond. Resentment went 5 bereznya. Only Stalin was born in 1953, Hanna was born in 1966. On the rise of the fatal, sacred 13 fates!

Queen ta decree

However, in 1946, the Central Committee issued a resolution “About the magazines “Zirka” and “Leningrad”, in which Annie Akhmatova’s work received harsh criticism. Now the queen was doomed to be buried in the invisible Tower. Vaughn tried to demonstrate her loyalty to the regime by publishing in 1950 in Vognik the cycle of poems “Glory to the World.” Later, she became clogged with this weakness, especially that which was intended to appease the tyrant, to dispel him. However, this publication played its role. On the 19th of September 1951 the fate was updated by the Spiltsa Writers of the USSR.

And in 1956, Lev Gumilyov turned back from the increasing need for rehabilitation. He respectfully respected that his mother did not report anything for her imprisonment. And from that hour the tension between them became even more tense, like in the royal homeland after the tragedy of Shakespeare!

Queen's turn

After Stalin, they started talking about Hanna again. The intelligent reader again turned his gaze to the queen’s rows.

Hanna, who was already very unwell, became actively involved in the literary process. This thread was put on the Nobel Prize, but it was not taken away. In 1964, her rock was awarded the prestigious Etna-Taormina award. And in 1965 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. From whom did this bag collection “It’s time” come out?

This run took place on the 5th of February 1966 in a sanatorium in Domodedovo in the presence of doctors and nurses who came to the room to look at it. The queen went out in public, as was the queen’s duty. She became the sister of Eternity, she became the light of all her immortal grandeur and beauty.

One of the most talented poets of Sribny's century, Ganna Akhmatova, lived a long life filled with both bright moments and tragic moments of life. Vaughn was married, but she didn’t know happiness in her love. She was aware of two light warriors, and with the stretch of her skin she recognized an unprecedented creative gift. She had folded legs with her son, who became a political repressant, and until the end of her life, she respected that she gave precedence to the creativity of love to the next...

Biography

Hanna Andreeva Gorenko (this is the poet’s nickname) was born on the 11th (23 chernia in the old style) 1889 in Odessa. Father Andriy Antonovich Gorenko was a retired captain of a different rank, who, after completing his naval service, relinquished the rank of wheeled assessor. Your mother, Inna Stogova, was an intelligent, well-read woman who was friends with representatives of the creative elite of Odessa. However, about “the pearl of the sea” Akhmatova can’t help but have childish guesses - when her river rose, Gorenko’s homeland moved to Tsarskoye Selo near St. Petersburg.

From childhood, Anna was taught the French language and secular etiquette, which was essential for any girl from an intelligent homeland. Hanna got her first education at the Tsarskoye Selo women's gymnasium, where she also met her first boyfriend Mikola Gumiliov and wrote her first verses. Having met Anna one evening at the gymnasium, Gumilyov became enchanted by her and from that hour the tending dark-haired girl became the music of his creativity.

Akhmatova saw her first peak at 11 years of age and after that she began to actively explore the mystique of peaking. Father, having respected this frivolous occupation, forbade him to sign his works with the nickname Gorenka. Todi Hanna took the nickname of her great-grandmother, Akhmatova, as a girl. However, soon my father stopped paying attention to her creativity altogether - the fathers separated, and Hanna and her mother moved first to Evpatoria, then to Kiev, where from 1908 to 1910 poetry began in Kiev This is the women's gymnasium. In 1910, Akhmatova married her long-time mistress Gumilyov. Mikola Stepanovich, who had already become a prominent member of the poetic stakes, having organized the publication of the poetic traditions of the squad.

Akhmatova’s first verses began to collide with various works from 1911, and in 1912 the first full-scale poetic collection, “Evening,” was published. In 1912, Hanna gave birth to a son, Lev, and in 1914, popularity came to her - the collection of “The Rosary” took away the good reviews of critics, Akhmatova began to become interested in fashionable poetry. Gumilyov’s protection at that hour ceases to be necessary, and discord sets in among the friends. In 1918, Akhmatova separated from Gumiliov and married the late Volodymyr Shileik. However, this love was short-lived - in 1922 the poet separated from him in order to become friends with the mystical scholar Mikola Punin. Paradox: this year Punina will be arrested almost overnight with Akhmatova’s son Lev, but Punina will be released, and Lev will follow suit. Akhmatova’s first man, Mikola Gumilyov, would already be dead at that hour: he would be shot at the sickle in 1921.

The last published collection of Anni Andrievna dates back to 1924. After this, this poetry is dismissed by the NKVS as “provocative and anti-communist.” The poetess is very worried about the impossibility of publishing, so to speak, “at the table”, the motives of her poetry change from romantic to social. After the arrest of the man, Akhmatova’s son begins work on the song “Requiem”. The “fuel” for creative mischief was the worry that it would take away the soul for real people. The poetesa miraculously realized that there is no light left behind the current rulership, and in order to remind her readers about herself, Akhmatova is writing a series of “sterile” leaders from the point of view of ideology, at least under censorship. With these old verses they put together a collection of “Three Six Books”, so that Viyshov 1940 rock.

Akhmatova spent the entire Second World War near Tashkent. Immediately after the fall of Berlin, the poetess turned to Moscow. However, there she was no longer respected by the “fashionable” poetry: in 1946, her creativity was criticized at a meeting of the Writers’ Conference, and Akhmatova was suddenly expelled from the SSP. Nevertheless, Ganna Andrievna faces another blow: the second arrest of Lev Gumilyov. Suddenly the son’s poems awarded ten rocks of camps. All this hour Akhmatova tried to get him out of the way, she wrote to the Politburo, without hearing anything from them. Lev Gumilyov himself, knowing nothing about his old mother, believed that she did not report enough effort to help him, and then left her.

In 1951, Akhmatova’s family was rediscovered from Spiltsa’s Radyansky writings, and she gradually turned to active creative work. In 1964, she was awarded the prestigious Italian literary prize “Etna Torina” and was allowed to withdraw it, as the hours of total repression had passed, and Akhmatova ceased to be interested in anti-communist poetry. In 1958, the collection “Virshi” was published, 1965 – “It’s time to go.” Then, in 1965, just before her death, Akhmatova received her doctorate from Oxford University.

Akhmatova’s main achievements

• 1912 – collection of poetry “Evening”
• 1914-1923 – a series of poetic collections “Chitki”, which consists of 9 editions.
• 1917 – collection “Bila Zgraya”.
• 1922 - collection "Anno Domini MCMXXI".
• 1935-1940 – writing the poem “Requiem”; first publication - 1963, Tel Aviv.
• 1940 – collection “Three six books”.
• 1961 – collection of selected works, 1909-1960.
• 1965 – the last of the surviving collection, “The Hour is Running.”

Main dates of Akhmatova’s biography

• 11 (23) rubles 1889 r - people of A.A Akhmatova.
• 1900-1905 – started at the Tsarskoye Selo Women’s Gymnasium.
• 1906 – move to Kiev.
• 1910 – love from M. Gumilyov.
• Berezen 1912 – issue of the first collection “Evening”.
• June 18, 1913 - the people of Lev's son.
• 1914 – publication of another collection “Chitka”.
• 1918 – separation from M. Gumilyov, love from V. Shileik.
• 1922 – love from M. Punin.
• 1935 – moved to Moscow due to his arrest.
• 1940 – publication of the collection “Three Six Books”.
• June 28, 1941 – evacuation to Tashkent.
• Traven 1943 – the output of a poetry collection near Tashkent.
• May 15, 1945 - turn to Moscow.
• Summer 1945 – move to Leningrad.
• 1st Veresnya 1946 r. - culprit A.A. Akhmatova from the Collection of Writers.
• Leaf fall 1949 – repeated arrest of Lev Gumilyov.
• Traven 1951 – update at Spiltsa writers.
• Gruden 1964 – won the Etna-Torina Prize
• 5th Birth 1966 – death.

• Throughout her well-known life, Akhmatova led a schoednik, excerpts from which were published in 1973. Before her death, while lying in her sleep, the poet wrote that she was sorry, that there was no Bible at the cardiological sanatorium. Obviously, Ganna Andrievna sensed that the thread of her earthly life would break.
• Akhmatova’s “Sing without a Hero” has the lines: “clear voice: I am ready to death.” These words sounded in life: they were noticed by Akhmatova’s friend and comrade-in-arms behind Srebny Vik, Osip Mandelstam, when they walked along Tversky Boulevard together.
• After the arrest of Leva Gumilyova, Akhmatova, together with hundreds of other mothers, went to the craziest prison of “Chrest”. It seems that one of these wives, exhausted by the pain, having finished singing and learning about her, asked, “Can you describe WHAT?” Akhmatova confirmed firmly and immediately began working on the “Requiem.”
• Before her death, Akhmatova became close to her son Lev, whose undeserved image had been hidden on her for many years. After his death, Lev Mikolayovich took part in the memorial monument together with his students (Lev Gumilyov was a professor at Leningrad University). The material was not available, and the gray doctor and the students wandered the streets looking for the stone.

And not just a simple khan, but Akhmat himself - the remaining khan of the Golden Horde, Genghis Khan's successor. This popular myth began to be created by the most poetic even in the 1900s, when there was a need for a literary pseudonym (Akhmatova’s proper nickname is Gorenko). “And even a seventeen-year-old girl could have taken the Tatar nickname for Russian poetry...” Lydia Chukovskaya recalled her words. A similar move for the era of the Sreebny century would not be so reckless: the hour would see the emergence of new writers of artistic behavior, vivid biographies and rich names. In whose sense the name of Ganna Akhmatova miraculously met all the criteria (the poetic ones - it created a rhythmic baby, a subversive dactyl, and little assonance on “a”, and the life-creators wore a flair of secrecy).

Before the legend about the Tatar Khan, it was formed later. The real family, without investing in the poetic legend, Akhmatova remade it. Here you can see the biographical and mythological plan. The biographical point lies in the fact that the Akhmatovs were actively present in the poet’s family: Paraska Fedosievna Akhmatova was a great-grandmother on her mother’s side. At the top, the line of devotion is close (the marvelous cob of “The Tale of the Black Ring”: “Men like a Tatar grandmother / There were rare gifts; / And now I am baptized, / The yonder rotted bitterly”). The legendary plan is associated with the Ordina princes. As shown by the successor Vadim Chornikh, Paraska Akhmatova was not a Tatar princess, but a Russian noblewoman (“The Akhmatovs are an old noble family, which, perhaps, resembled the serving Tatars, but were Russified a long time ago”). There is no current information about the march of the Akhmatov family from Khan Akhmat or the rise of the Chingizid Khan family.

Another myth: Akhmatova was famously beautiful

There are a lot of memoirs that contain buried memories about the life of the young Akhmatova (“Hanna Akhmatova remembered most beautifully. Thin, tall, string, with a proud turn of her small head, wrapped in a colorful shawl, Akhmatova Bula looked like Gitana... without falling in love with her" , - thought Ariadna Tirkova; “She was even more beautiful, everyone on the street was staring at her,” writes Nadiya Chulkova).

Those close to her wrote that the woman was not incredibly beautiful, but rather impressive, with charm to remember, and a special charm. “...You can’t call her beautiful, / But all her happiness is mine,” Gumilyov wrote about Akhmatova. Critic Georgy Adamovich said:

“Now, in the rumors about her, they sometimes call her the beautiful one: no, she was not the beautiful one. Ale she was bigger, less beautiful, more beautiful, less beautiful. “I have never had the opportunity to show off a woman, exposing the whole image of her everywhere, among all the beauties, revealing her virility, indescribable spirituality, which immediately attracted respect.”

Akhmatova herself assessed herself this way: “All my life I could look at the beautiful women, from their beauty to their virgo.”

Myth three: Akhmatova brought the mischief-maker to suicide, which she then described at the top

Please confirm this with a quote from Akhmativ’s poem “The high crypt of the church...”: “The high crypt of the church / The blue, lower heavenly firmament... / Forgive me, joyful lad, / That I brought you death...”

Everything is both true and untrue at the same time. As the investigator Natalia Kraineva showed, Akhmatova, in truth, had “her own” self-destructor - Mikhailo Lindeberg, who ended his life through unfortunate death until death on the 22nd of 1911. Ale Versh “High Crypt to the Church...” written in 1913 due to the hostility of another young man, Vsevolod Knyazev, who was suddenly married to Akhmatova’s friend, dancer Olga Glebova-Sudeikina. This episode will be repeated in other vertices, for example in "". In “A Sing without a Hero” Akhmatov depicts Knyazev’s suicide as one of the key episodes of the work. The sophistication of the soul that married friends, in Akhmatova’s historical and philosophical concept, could all be combined into one guess: it is not without reason that in the margins of the autograph of the “ballet libretto” before “Sing” there appears a badge with Linde’s name berg and the date of his death.

Myth of the fourth: Akhmatova was subjected to an unlucky misfortune

This is the kind of insight that comes to mind after reading any book of great poetry. Along with the lyrical heroine who deprives her khans to her powerful will, the tops also have a lyrical mask of a woman who suffers from an undivided khan (“Today they didn’t bring me leaves...”, “Evenings”, the cycle “Zbentezhen”) nya" too) d.). The proto-lyrical outline of the books of the past always reflects the biography of the author: they like Boris Anrep, Arthur Lurie, Mikola Punin, Volodymyr Garshin and others like them in return.

Myth of the fifth: Gumilyov is Akhmatova’s one khan

Akhmatova's love affair with the singer Mikola Gumiliov. In 1918 to 1921, Bula washed with an amplifier asyrologist Volodimyr Shileik (OFICIO STONITH RASELATED in 1926 Rotsi), and to 1922 to 1938 RIK excited from the cyvy gateway to Misetza Puniy. The third, without formal registration, sent through the specifics of the time of his birth: after separation, the girlfriend continued to live in the same communal apartment (in different rooms) - and finally after the death of Punin, staying in Leningrad, Akhmatova continued to live with her homeland.

Gumilyov also re-befriended 1918 fate - with Anna Engelhardt. But in the 1950s and 60s, when “Requiem” gradually reached readers (in 1963 the poem was published in Munich) and the interest of Gumiliov, who was exiled in the USSR, became discarded, Akhmatova took upon herself the “mission” of the poet’s widow (Engelhardt until that hour was also not alive). A similar role was played by Nadiya Mandelstam, Olena Bulgakova and other squads of writers who went on preserving their archives and caring about posthumous memory.

Myth of the Great: Gumilyov vs. Akhmatova

Such a concept has been attempted more than once by both modern readers and contemporary poets. It’s not surprising: perhaps the third top of the poet was recognized in the cruelty of the man and the kohan: “...My man is a cat, and his house is a relationship,” “It’s all the same, you’re lewd and evil...”, “We’re pointing at the left side with charcoal.” / A place where to shoot, / To let the bird out - my tightness / The desert will never again. / Mily! don't shake your hand. / And I don’t have to endure much...", ", / With a folded belt" and so on.

Poet Irina Odoevtseva, in her memoirs “On the Banks of the Neva,” recalls Gumilyov’s storm from this drive:

“Vin [sings Mikhailo Lozinsky] told me that the studios would gradually drink him up, and it’s true that I respected Akhmatova’s friendship from the very beginning... Lozinsky, of course, tried to overcome them.
<…>
<…>Singingly, and you, like everyone stinks, they repeated: Akhmatova is a martyr, and Gumilyov is an inhuman.
<…>
Lord, what a fool!<…>...When I realize how talented I am, I will harm myself by constantly hanging in the first place.
<…>
How many rocks have passed, but I still feel the image and the pain. How unfair and vile this is! So, of course, there were vertices that I didn’t want her to fight, and that’s all. I would like axle:
The man splashes in me with our eyes,
Double fold the belt.
Even if I think about it, through the ranks I have become known as a sadist. About me, they let a bit about me, I put the tailcoat (and in the Men Torka Todi Shchelo) і Tsilindre (Tsilindr at Men, True, Buv), the head of the vezerunim, the firm with the belt is not the tilki - Akhmatov, but the young young people the sneaky one, who first stripped them naked.”

It is noticeable that after the separation from Gumilyov and after the love affair with Shileik, the “beatings” did not stop: “In the face of your mysterious love, / As in pain, I scream, / Became yellow and fitful, / I drag my feet like ice,” “And into the oven i The dragon has no mercy, no law. / And hang on the batig station, / So that they don’t sing my song” - and so on.

Myth: Akhmatova was an important opponent of emigration

This myth of creation itself is sung and actively supported by the school canon. In the spring of 1917, the Gumily family saw the possibility of moving beyond the cordon for Akhmatova, informing her about it from London. Let's go from Petrograd and Boris Anrep. On this proposition, Akhmatova confirmed the verse we know in the school curriculum as “I have a voice...”.

Fans of Akhmatova’s creativity know that this text is actually another part of the truth, less unambiguous behind its place - “If in the ace of self-destruction...”, where the poet reveals not only about her principled choice, but also about her desires, upon which decisions are made .

“I think I can’t describe how much I really want to come to you. I ask you - please, let me know that you are my friend...
I’m healthy, I’m already getting around in the village and I’m thinking with longing about the winter in Bezhetsk.<…>How wonderful it is for me to remember that the winter of 1907 rock you in the skin leaf clicking me to Paris, but now I don’t know at all what you want me to do. Let me always remember that I remember you already, I love you so much, and that without you I will never be happy. I am deeply amazed at what is happening in Russia now, God is severely punishing our land.”

Apparently, Gumilyov’s main leaf is not a proposition before leaving the cordon, but a response to its passage.

After I tried to leave, Akhmatova soon decided to give up and never changed her thoughts, which can be seen in other verses (for example, “You are the defender: for the island of greens...”, “Zarozumily there is the spirit of your darkness..."), and in according to daily reports. According to rumors, in 1922, Akhmatova again appears to be able to leave the country: Arthur Lure, who lived in Paris, lightly called her there, but she also sees (in her arms, according to the testimony of Confidant A Khmatova Pavel Luknitsky, there were 17 leaves z tsim prohannyam) .

Myth eight: Stalin killed Akhmatova

The poetess itself and many of its contemporary writers praised the appearance of the 1946 resolution of the Central Committee “About the magazines “Zirka” and “Leningrad””, where Akhmatova and Zoshchenko were defamed, according to what happened at one literary evening. ““I earn praise for this,” said Akhmatova about the photograph taken at one of the evenings that took place in Moscow in the spring of 1946.<…>Immediately, Stalin became angry with the harsh approach that Akhmatova’s rumors gave. In one version, Stalin asked after a certain evening: “Who organized the rise?” Nika Glen guessed. Lydia Chukovskaya adds: “Akhmatova respected that... Stalin was jealous of their ovation... Standing splashes fell on Stalin’s reconciliation, to you alone - and the rapt immediately commanded the ovation of such a cry.”

As we all know, this plot is characterized by typical guarding (“behind the sensibilities,” “respected,” etc.), which is a clear sign of premise. Stalin’s reaction, like the “quoted” phrase about “getting up”, lacks documentary evidence and reality, so this episode should not be viewed as an absolute truth, but as one of the popular, universally accepted, but not completely confirmed versions.

Myth nine: Akhmatova did not love her son

І tse negarazd. The complex story of the relationship between Akhmatova and Lev Gumiliev has many aspects. The early lyric of the poet created the image of a frail mother (“...I am a mother’s bastard,” “... Take away both the child and the friend...”, “Why, having abandoned the friend / And the curly-haired child...”), in which there was a part of biography: Childhood and Youth Lev Gumilyov lived not with his fathers, but with his grandmother, Ganna Gumilova, his mother and father came to them more than once. At the end of the 1920s, Lev moved to the Fontanny Budinka, into the family of Akhmatova and Punina.

Serious welding began after Lev Gumilyov left the camp in 1956. He could not blame his mother, as it seemed to him, of his easy-going behavior in 1946 (wonderful myth of the eighth) and such poetic egoism. However, for the sake of no one, Akhmatova not only “stood for three hundred years” in the prison chambers with the transfer and asked the most important person of her acquaintance to help the prisoners from the camp, but she went to hell, so as not to say anything about hisism: having crossed her ї perekonannya, For the sake of freedom, Akhmatova’s son wrote and published the cycle “Glory to the World!”, where she glorified the Radyan system Since Akhmatova’s first book after a significant break was published in 1958, in the author’s examples she stuck the sides with the tops of this cycle..

Throughout her life, Akhmatova repeatedly spoke to her loved ones about the importance of getting rid of hundreds of hundreds of pounds from her sons. Emma Gerstein writes:

“... she told me: “I would like to make peace with Lvoya.” I confirmed that I probably don’t want anything, but I’m afraid of supernatural praise both for her and for myself, as explained. “You don’t need to explain yourself,” Ganna Andrievna retorted bitterly. - Ishov came and said: “Mom, send me a gudzik.”

Evidently, the experience of welding with blues greatly hastened the death of the poet. In the remaining days of her life in Akhmatova’s medical ward, a theatrical performance flared up: her relatives debated whether to let Lev Mikolayovich see his mother or not to bring her son closer to singing. Akhmatova died without reconciling with her son.

Myth ten: Akhmatova sings, she cannot be called a poet

Often discussions of Akhmatova’s creativity and other aspects of her biography end in arcane terminological superlatives – “sings” and “poetsa”. They emphatically pay attention to the thought of Akhmatova herself, who proudly called herself a poet (which has been recorded by many memoirists), and urges to continue to cherish this very tradition.

However, it is important to remember the context of the life of these people since centuries ago. Poetry written by women only began to appear in Russia, and before it was rarely put into serious use (wonderful characteristic titles of reviews of books by women poets from the beginning of the 1910s: “The Wife of Handicraft”, “The Handicraft of Doubts”). That’s why there are a lot of female writers who have chosen pseudonyms for themselves (Sergiy Gedroyts. Pseudonym Viri Gedroits., Anton Krainy The pseudonym under which Zinaida Gippius wrote critical articles., Andriy Polyanin Name, taken by Sophia Parnok for publication of criticism.), or they wrote under the name of the person (Zinaida Gippius, Polixena Solovyova). The creativity of Akhmatova (and, in many ways, Tsvetaeva) has completely changed the production to poetry created by women, as to the “inferior” directly. As early as 1914, the review of “The Rosary” by Gumilyov began to make a symbolic gesture. Having called Akhmatova a poet a number of times, she finally hears her song: “That connection with the light, which I have spoken about above all, and which is the share of the skin-related poet, Akhmatova may have reached.”

In the current situation, when the merits of the poetry created by women no longer need to be conveyed to anyone, in literary studies it is customary to call Akhmatova’s poetry, apparently in line with the illegally accepted norms of Russian language.

Ditinstvo

♦ Akhmatova Ganna Andrievna (real nickname - Gorenko) was born in the family of a naval engineer, captain of the 2nd rank at the station. The Great Fountain near Odessa. Mother, Inna Erazmovna, dedicated to herself children, of which there were six in her family: Andriy, Inna, Hanna, Iya, Irina (Rika) and Victor. Rika died of tuberculosis when Anya was five years old. Rika lived with her aunt, and her death took place in the dungeon in front of the children. Prote Anya noticed what was going on - and she later said that death had cast a shadow through her childhood.

♦ Akhmatova respected the poets I. Annensky and O. S. Pushkin as her admirers. Since childhood, Hanna has been faithful to the lofty Pushkin tradition. Vaughn had a mystical sense in one of her childhood memories: while walking with her nanny along the alley of trees, which was buried in the greenery of Tsarskoe Selo, she touched a hairpin in the grass of her face. Little Anya was singing: Oleksandr Sergeyovich dropped this hairpin, who was foolish in these alleys nearly a hundred years ago. Pushkin and Akhmatova - the topic of okrema. It seems that, as luck would have it, Pushkin fell in love with her friend Faina Ranevsky. Ranevska telephoned Akhmatova. Anna, having turned pale at the compliment, briefly saw : “I’m on my way,” and added from late: “How happy you are!” I never dreamed of Meni Vin.” Akhmatova did not want to hate Natalya Goncharova; Looks like she was jealous. During the hour of speaking about Pushkin, Ganna Andrievna became overwhelmed, unearthly. Her friends and lovers, with whom this woman’s self was always sharpened, formed an enemy that she loved only Oleksandr Sergiyovich and no one else.

♦ Anna grew up in an atmosphere that was unpretentious for a poet of the future: there were no books in Budynka, besides Nekrasov, which Ganni was allowed to read on vacation. The mother has a relish for poetry: she read to the children to remind them of the verses of Nekrasov and Derzhavin, whom the innocent knew. Alas, I feel like I was singing in the fact that Hannah began to sing - even before the first top row was written with it.

♦ Anna started speaking French early - she learned to keep an eye on the activities of her older children. At ten years old I entered the gymnasium at Tsarskoe Selo.

♦ After several months, the girl fell seriously ill: she lay unconscious for a week; We thought we didn’t see him. When she came to you, she became deaf for a good hour. Later, one of the doctors admitted that there was a outbreak - which, however, did not remove any visible traces. Having lost a trace in her soul: from that very hour Anna began to write poems.

Gumilyov

♦ On the eve of the 1903 Birthday, Anna met with Mikola Gumilovimi. Then 14-year-old Anya Gorenko was a straight girl with majestic gray eyes that were clearly visible on her pale face and straight black hair. Having improved his profile, the ugly 17-year-old young man of wisdom, now and forever this girl will become his muse, his Beautiful Lady, for the sake of our life, writing the best and the world watime feats.

♦ Vona impressed him not only with her extraordinary appearance - Hanna was beautiful with an even unusual, mysterious, enchanting beauty that immediately attracts respect to herself: high, straight, with long thick black hair, beautiful with bare hands, with prominent gray eyes on a practically white face , whose profile predicts antique cameos. Anna struck him with complete dissimilarity from everything that had happened to them at Tsarskoe Selo.

The mermaid's eyes are dim.
I love her, the maiden-undine,
I shine upon the dark night,
I love her look
And rubies to burn...
Because I myself am from the abyss,
From the bottomless abyss of the sea.
(N. Gumilyov “Mermaid”)

♦ At that time, the sticky young man wanted to inherit his idol Oscar Wilde. Wearing a top hat, curling your hair and filling your lips a little. Prote, in order to complete the image of a tragic, mysterious, slightly broken character, Gumilyov was missing one detail. All such heroes were inevitably overcome by a fatal addiction, suffered in the face of an undivided or fenced-in farm, and were extremely unhappy in their particular lives. Ganna Gorenko was ideal for the role of the beautiful, but cruel kohanoi. Its unpretentious elegance attracted the rogues, so quickly it became clear that Hanna would not live at all until Mikoly felt at the end of his life.

♦ The cold infusion of anitroha did not change the fervor of the zakohan singer - the axis is out, those same fatal and undivided cohanna, as if you bring you the fruits of suffering! І Mikola rushed with excitement to win the heart of her Beautiful Lady. Prote Gunn was thrown into something else. Volodimir Golenishchev-Kutuzov - a tutor from St. Petersburg - was the main character of this girl's world.

♦ 1906 Gumilyov’s rock goes to Paris. There he is willing to forget his fatal fate and turn into the image of a disillusioned tragic character. And here Anya Gorenko understands that she does not understand the blind adoration of the young poet (Akhmatova’s father found out about her daughter’s involvement with a St. Petersburg tutor and, as a result of sin, they separated Anya and Volodya). Mikoli's loveliness greatly flattered Akhmatova's self-esteem, so that she was about to marry someone else, regardless of the fact that she had previously been hired as a St. Petersburg tutor. Until then, Gumilyov’s eternal poems about fatal love were not in vain - now Akhmatova herself is not averse to playing the role of a tragic figure. Nezabar will force Humil's sheets and skargs on her own neediness and needlessness.

♦ Having taken away the sheet of Akhmatova, Gumilyov, hopes, turns from Paris, introduces Anya and works with her devilish proposition of hand and heart. Ale on the right were... dolphins. Todi Akhmatova stayed with Evpatoria. While taking a walk from Gumil's beach and listening, Anya came across two dead dolphins washed up on the shore. It is unknown why this vision had such a strong impact on Akhmatova, but Gumilyov rejected Chergova from her. Moreover, Akhmatova cynically explained to the cowardly Mikola that Golenishchev-Kutuzov would occupy her heart in the future.

Secondary portrait: Ganna Akhmatova and Mikola Gumilyov. T. M. Skvorikova. 1926 r.

♦ The ejected one sings again on his way to Paris, respectfully that the only pleasant way out of the situation is suicide. The attempt at self-destruction was staged with Gumilyov's powerful theatricality and fluff. Build rakhunki with life sings and fly to the resort town of Tourville. The muddy water of the Senya seemed to Gumilyov an indescribable refuge for the tormented soul of the sick young man, just like the sea itself, as Akhmatova spoke more than once about those who love to marvel at the sea wisps. This tragedy was destined to turn into a farce. They confidently mistook Gumilyov for a Volotsyuga, called the police, and instead of going on their remaining journey, Mikola went to the hospital to give an explanation. Gumilyov regarded his failure as a sign of fate and decided to try happiness with the khanna once again. Mikola writes about Akhmatova’s sheet, and again tries to work on her proposition. And again she gains control of Vidmova.

♦ Todi Gumiliov tries to put his hands on himself again. This test was still theatrical, lower in front. Gumilyov accepted the otruta and went to death in the Bois de Boulogne. Where he was picked up from an unknown camp by forest rangers.

♦ At the end of 1908, Gumilyov turned to Fatherlandism. From the dreams of winning Akhmatova’s heart, the young man sings without being separated. And then the brothers continue to follow Hanna, swear allegiance to the eternal kohanni and marry her. It was Akhmatova who was destroyed by such a kind of dog-like vulgarity, and Gumilyov, having won her favor with confessions about his recent attempts at self-destruction, and the image of the St. Petersburg tutor of a child faded, but otherwise Hanna gave her money for a whore. Ale, hoping for love from Gumilyov, she took him not as a farmer - but as her Share.

“Gumilyov is my share, and I humbly surrender to it.
Don't sue me if you can.
I swear to you everything that is sacred to me, which is
people who are unhappy will be happy with me" (A. Akhmatova)

♦ None of the betrothed’s relatives showed up for the wedding, the Gumilyov family respected that this love would not last long.

After the fun

“Wonderfully built women, who can mold and write, are always seen as indestructible in the cloth.”Amedeo Modigliani

♦ After the fun, the Gumilyovs went to Paris. Here's Hanna to get acquainted with Amedeo Modigliani- So we don’t know anyone about the artist who creates faceless portraits. A relationship develops between them that is similar to a romance - but, as Akhmatova herself guesses, they had very little time for things to get more serious. “Anna and Amedeo” is not so much the story of a woman, but rather an episode from the life of two people, carbonized by the spirit of mysticism. ♦ Piznishe Akhmatova stated: “Obviously, we did not understand one thing that was true: everything that happened was for both of us a retelling of our lives: yours - even short, mine - even longer. The Dihanna of Mystery has not yet charred, has not transformed this two days, this small but light, the light time before the light of the tank. The next day, as you know, casts its shadow long before it leaves, knocking at the window, hovering after the lighters, stirring dreams and blaring the terrible Baudelairean Paris that has begun here. And everything divine in Modiglian only sparkled in the dark. He was not at all like anyone else in the world. His voice was lost in memory. I knew him when he was married, and it was unclear how he was alive. As an artist, he knows nothing of the shadows.”. about Anna and Amadeo already on Plitkar, back in 2009. So I don’t want to tell you about it again. I will also add Akhmatova’s portrait, Modigliani’s work (1911)

Anna Akhmatova on the trapeze. 1911

♦ About portraits, Akhmatova said the following: “They painted me not from nature, but in themselves at home, - these little ones were given to me. There were sixteen of them. He asked that I edit them and hang them in my room. and the Revolution. , in any less, nizh u reshti, one senses his future “nude”..."

♦ For Mikoli Gumilyov, the friendship with Ganna Gorenko did not become a victory. As one of Akhmatova’s friends from that period turned out, there was a smaller, more complex “life of the heart” in which a person was led to a more modest place. Vona didn’t even lift an eyebrow at the man who had achieved so many fates, and five months after the fun, he went to Africa in search of opportunities. She couldn’t stand exotics and went into another room when she started talking about her treasures in Abyssinia and about catching tigers. But for Gumiliov it was not at all easy to combine from Svidomost the image of the Beautiful Lady - an object of worship - with the image of a friend and mother. And then, two years after the fun of Gumilyov, he would start a serious affair. Lungs were buried in Gumilyov before, but in 1912 Gumilyov died in the right way. Immediately after returning from Africa, Gumiliov leaves his mother's side and meets his niece - the young and beautiful Masha Kuzmina-Karavaeva. It seems like the squid burns and it disappears without evidence. However, it is necessary to bear the tinge of tragedy - Masha is terminally ill with tuberculosis, and Gumilyov again enters the image of the hopelessly sick. Hanna was not surprised by the news about this - she knew in advance that it would be like this, and prepared it ahead of time. Turning home from Paris, Hanna quietly put in a stack of sheets of Modigliani from the master Théophile Gautier and handed him a book of people. The smells were even and generously pumped one another.

♦ Akhmatova is a bittersweet woman - she has long been known to be a goddess for Mikoly, and it is important for her to be knocked down from the bottom and to make sure that the man in the building feels just as highly as another woman. Mashenka’s health quickly deteriorated, and almost immediately after the beginning of her romance with Gumilyov, Kuzmina-Karavaeva died. It’s true that death did not stop Akhmatova’s intense adoration of the man. And since 1912, Ganna Andrievna is dying and gives birth to Gumil’s son Lev. The birth of the child Gumilyov was ambiguously accepted. Vlashto’s “demonstration of independence” and continues to have affairs on the side. This choir has a student, one of them gave birth to a child. Continuing to preserve love and friendship, Akhmatova and Gumilyov will deal one blow after another. However, Ganni does not seriously suffer from human infidelity. Vaughn has long called Mikola Stepanovich a friend and brother. Zgod Akhmatova said: “Mikola Stepanovich is the leader of non-weapons. I do not show that I am friends.”

Sorin S. Akhmatova. 1914

♦ It’s amazing how these two managed to give birth to a son. The native Gumilvenka, as her friends had bashed her, did not express any visible hostility towards her friend. The grudges spent more than an hour writing poems for the honor of their daughter, and not for the fight with the child. The mother-in-law, Ganna Ivanivna, took care of her daughter-in-law and beat her up for everything for her son. Little Levko happily settles in the arms of a happy grandmother.

♦ In 1914, the Gumil family goes to the front, and Akhmatova begins a stormy romance with the singer Boris Anrep. And Anrep’s emigration to England put a stain on his veins. However, Anrep was not the only one close to Akhmatova.

Anna and her son Lev

♦ In the spring of 1921, schoolchildren praised the nine-year-old Lvov Gumilyov for not having any assistants. It’s just that 25 years ago my dad was shot for being responsible to the White Guard. The rest, which he wrote, sings:

I'm being stupid to myself

And I fooled myself,

When you think about what the world has

Well, here's some cream for you.

Other whores

♦ Over the years, Akhmatova became friends for three more years, but all their loves ended in separation. Chantly, the great poetesa was elevated to the role of a squad. However, for all her people, and most importantly for Gumilyov, Akhmatova became an ideal widow. Vaughn was said to be alive, completely shattered, or dead, shot by the Bolsheviks, and lost the rest of the truth. She preserved her works, bothered about her works, helped enthusiasts collect information for her biography, dedicated her creations to her.

Anna Akhmatova. L.A. Bruni. 1922 r_k

♦ When Gumilyov decides to return to Russia (after spending a long time in London and Paris after the war), Akhmatova hears a loud message: you will love someone else, and he will have to separate again. Unimportant in a cold chat between friends, separation became a just blow for Gumilyov - still loving his Beautiful Lady Anya Gorenko After separation from Gumilyov in 1918, Ganna Andrievna wandered around with friends until she gave in At the service apartment of the Marmur Palace, Voldemar comes across. ♦ He masterfully translated the Akkadian language, resulting in miraculous illumination. And at the same time, amiable, suspicious, sensitive and rude, which Akhmatova steadfastly endured, respectfully, that her new man was not quite right. Their gifts amazed those who were absent.

“I learned French by ear, during an hour of lessons from my older brother and sister,” said Akhmatova.

- It’s as if the dog was taught the same age as you, when you became the director of the circus long ago! - Shileiko hummed.

1924
Shileyko tearing and throwing manuscripts from the rough, spitting out the samovar. Three rocks Ganna Andrievna calmly chopped wood, because Shileiko mav ishias. When she found out that the man was on target, she simply left him. I said to the satisfied people: “Disenchantment... How can I accept it!”

Are you humble? You are god-willing!
I am rooted to the Lord’s will alone.
I don’t want any trembling or pain,
Meni cholovik is kat, and dim yogo is vyaznitsa.
1921

And after this burst of veins, without hesitation, I would like to drink with the dog. So saying: “... I had a place in my hut for all the stray dogs, and I found a place for Anya.” Akhmatova herself wrote the following verses:

Like your mysterious love,

I scream as if in pain.

She became yellowish and fitful,

I pull on ice with my legs.

After 1922, fate decided to marry the mystic Mikola Punin ♦ Mikola Punin had long since gone to Hanna and, when she again lost her head, having created a proposition. Akhmatova and Punin had the opportunity to live together with their great retinue, Ganna Evgenivna and Donna Ira. Hanna Andriivna gave pennies at the burning pot. Another half of her miserable income, having been spared for cigarettes and for the tram, was spent on her mother-in-law’s son’s schooling in Bezhetsk. Anna Akhmatova and N. Punin in the courtyard of the Fountain Budinka, 1920

♦ We lived wonderfully. “That’s how it is for me,” Akhmatova briefly explained. In public, Punin says that nothing connects them with her. Whenever anyone he knew came to Anna Andrievna, Mikola Mikolayovich, a mystical and brilliantly enlightened person, never hung out with the guest, read the newspaper, never knew anyone. Behind Ganna, the stench was invariably “vi”. Punin in later life

♦ When Akhmatova tried to give up this careless life, Punin was lying at his feet and saying that he couldn’t live without him, and since we couldn’t live and take away wages, the whole homeland was gone. When she arrived (before the great jealousy of her son Lov), maternal tenderness arose in her: she would fight with Punin’s daughter. Punin pointedly does not mention Lvov, who, upon arrival from Bezhetsk, is given an unheated corridor for the night. Anna and her son Lev

“Living at the Punin’s apartment was nasty... Mom gave me more respect in order to take care of my French language. And for these anti-pedagogical features, I have already taken this very seriously,”- without forgetting the image of the no longer young Lev Mikolayovich.

Even after separation from Akhmatova, Punina was arrested and died during her capture in Vorkuta.

Akhmatova became a pathologist for the rest of her khans Garshin(the writer's nephew). They soon became friends, but at the last moment of the naming, they thought they were the bride. The day before, I dreamed of the deceased squad saying: “Don’t take this chaklunka to the booth!”

Out of favor with the authorities

Vityag z Dopovidna “About the need to arrest Akhmatova’s poem” No. 6826/A dated 14 June 1950 was handed over to Stalin by the Minister of State Security of the USSR Abakumovim.

Beginning in 1924, Akhmatova, together with Punin, formed a group of well-trained literary practitioners and led anti-Radyan gatherings in her apartment. About this drive for arrest Punin showing: “Due to the anti-Radyan sentiments, I and Akhmatova, speaking one after another, more than once explained their hatred to the Radyan’s harmony, launched a slander against the Kerivniks of the party and the Radyansky order, and expressed dissatisfaction with the drive of various attacks of the Radyan’s rule... In our apartment there is power Anti-Radiance gatherings took place , on which there were present literary workers from among those dissatisfied and crooked by the Radian rule... These individuals at the same time with me and Akhmatova from warlike positions discussed the possibilities in the land... was overwhelmed by the closure of the church and determined its And the anti-radyan looks are better than other foods.”

Self-portrait of A. Akhmatova vugillas 30 years old, 1926

As it was established by inheritance, these fortune-tellers lost their lives in 1932–1935. taking the active part of Akhmatova’s son, Lev Gumiliov, at that time a student at the Leningrad State University. About the arrests Gumilyov showing: “In the presence of Akhmatova, at the gatherings, we clearly expressed our warlike moods... Punin allowed terrorist attacks against the leaders of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Radyansky order... In the tragedy of 1934, Punin, in the presence of Akhmatova, figuratively showed as if he were a successful terrorist leader of Radyansky to the people." Similar evidence from the arrests of Punin, who recognized that he was responsible for the terrorist sentiments of Comrade Stalin, and showed that Akhmatova shared the same sentiments: “During the conversations, I will make all sorts of false accusations against the Head of the Radyansky state and try to “convey” that the current state of affairs in the Radyansky Union can be changed from what we need directly without the path of the violent usurpation of Stalin... in all the conversations with meAkhmatovashared my terrorist sentiments and encouraged malicious attacks against the Head of the Radian state. Thus, in early 1934, he was forced to justify the reckless assassination of S.M. Kirov, which is considered a terrorist act as a confirmation, in our opinion, of the repression of the Radyansky order against the Trotskyist-Bukharinskys "Grouped our witches."

It should be noted that in early 1935, Punin and Lev Gumilyov were arrested by the NKVS Directorates of the Leningrad Region as participants in the anti-radyan group. However, Akhmatova’s troubles were not immediately released.

Speaking about her further evil connection with Akhmatova, Punin’s arrests showed that Akhmatova continued to conduct warlike conversations with him, during which time she discovered an evil slander against the CPSU (b) and the Radyansky order.

In 1935, the Akhmatova family was able to release their arrested sons and men after a special attack with Stalin. Just before that, as it happened, the resentment was “with partiality” and they subtly signed false testimonies against Akhmatova - about her “addiction” to their “evil deeds” and about her “conjuration of activity.” The Chekists manipulated the facts masterfully. Numerous intelligence reports and eavesdropping were also steadily collected on Akhmatova. “The right of operational investigation” was opened against Akhmatova in 1939. The special equipment in her apartment dates back to 1945. The right had already been ready for a long time, it was impossible to bring it to its logical end - arrest. Stalin's hand is needed.

Portrait of the poet Annie Akhmatova. Bila nich. Leningrad. A. A. Vosmerkin. 1939-1940

♦ Science was the mother of the prisoner, Akhmatova irritated the shvidko. Akhmatova spent seventeen months in the prison chambers, “three hundred, with transfer” stood under the Kresty. I think, getting up at the gatherings, I noticed that every woman should not be surprised at the great mirror on the wall - the amalgam beat out the savor and pure women’s profiles. Then the sense of selfishness that tormented her since childhood began to ripple: “I was not alone, but at the same time with my own land, I was stuck in one great prison cell.” I don’t think Ganna Andrievna herself has ever been thought of in ten years. And just like the sickle of 1946, fate struck a fatal hour. "What about being timid now?" - Having asked Akhmatova, Mikhailo Zoshchenko, who was suddenly present on the street. This one looks like murder. “Singingly, I’m again particularly unpleasant,” she said and spoke idle words to the nervous Mishkova. A few days later, at the newspaper, where the fish was fried, she read the disgrace of the Central Committee Resolution, which called Zoshchenko a literary hooligan, and she herself - a literary harlot.

“Until evil boundaries, the range of її poetry,” driving in the words like flowers Andriy Oleksandrovich Zhdanov at the gathering of Leningrad writers at Smolny, - the poetry of the deranged punk who flits between the boudoir and the chapel!” The scribes who swore to death rumoredly excluded Akhmatova from their professional union. And then we suffered without sleep, not knowing whether to greet Gannaya Andrievna tomorrow or leave, because we didn’t know the stench. Zoshchenko, the famous Postanov, was trampled and literally beaten. Akhmatova started to see. Tilki lowered her shoulders: “Does the great country need to pass tanks through the chest of one sick grandmother?”

Martiros Sar'yan 1946The portrait of A. A. Akhmatova was written in 1946, immediately after the decision of the Central Committee and Zhdanov’s testimony about the magazines “Zirka” and “Leningrad”. And since the depicted woman was incredibly tired, it was time to ask the artist, then, perhaps, even more than that, she knew the enormous masculinity of his work. Akhmatova called Sar'yan to the Moscow master's school. Saryan worked on the portrait for several days, but Akhmatova, having fallen ill, did not come to the fifth session. The portrait was left unfinished - the model’s hands were not examined.

♦ In 1949, Mikola Punina and Leva Gumilova were arrested in Chergov. And the head of the MDB Abakumov is already rubbing his hands, but Stalin is afraid of sanctions for the arrest of Akhmatova without giving. On the right here is Akhmatova herself. No, she didn’t know anything about Detective Abakumov and was less worried about herself. Ale desperately wanted to give up her son. Tom wrote and published a series of literary works, “Glory to the World,” among which was a commemorative ode to Stalin. And suddenly I sent a letter to Yosip Vissarionovich with blessings about my son. In essence, for the sake of the scandal, Akhmatova’s son threw the remaining sacrifice at the foot of the supreme cat - her more poetic name. Cat accepted the sacrifice. And that’s all there was to it. Leva Gumilyova, however, was not released anyway, and Akhmatova was not arrested. In front of it were marked 16 major fates of self-esteem.

Anna Akhmatova

♦ If the leader died, a long darkness broke out. 15th April 1956, the day of the birth of Mikoli Stepanovich Gumilyov, Leo turned from hard labor. This outcast has no chance of being released, has little chance of surviving and even less of becoming a celebrity of world-class proportions. Ale Lev Mikolayovich became a brilliant historian, having come up with the idea that nature thrives on children. You called Ganna Andrievna in all your troubles. And especially in the fact that she didn’t take him beyond the cordon until it was possible. I couldn’t get over my childhood, nor the cold corridor in the Punya apartment, nor my mother’s, as I imagined, coldness. .
Akhmatova and his son Lev Gumiliov

♦ With the remaining fates, Akhmatova found a powerful household - although the Leningrad Literary Fund was embarrassed, and they saw her dacha in Komarov. Vona called this life a booth. There was a corridor, a hanok, a veranda and one room. Akhmatova slept on a bed with a mattress, instead of one leg there was a pillow. The table was still standing, bursting out of so many doors. The hanging baby Modigliani is the icon that belonged to Gumilyov.

Moisey Volfovich Langleben 1964

Other facts

♦ First publication. U 1905 r. After the separation of her fathers, Akhmatova and her mother moved to Evpatoria. In the spring of 1906, Hanna entered the Kiev Fundukle Gymnasium. For the summer, she turned back to Evpatoria, where, having stopped before her - on the way to Paris - Gumiliov. They reconciled and corresponded all winter; the docks of Hanna began near Kiev. In Paris, Gumilyov took part in the publication of a small literary almanac “Sirius”, and published one of Annie’s poems. This father, having learned about his daughter’s poetic traces, asked not to disgrace his name. “Don’t ask me for your name,”- she said and took the nickname of her great-grandmother, Paraska Fedosievna, whose rank descended to the Tatar Khan Akhmat. So in Russian literature the name of Annie Akhmatova has disappeared. Before her first publication, Ganna herself acted with ease and respect, because Gumilyov “knew there was a shadow.” Gumilyov also did not take the poetry of his kohanoy seriously - appreciating their peaks for less than their share of fate. When he first sensed their tops, Gumilyov said: “Can you dance better? You little bastard..."– from the “standing” position, she could bend so that her head could calmly reach her toes. Later, she was greeted by the ballerinas of the Mariinsky Theater.

Anna Akhmatova. Cartoon. Altman N. I. 1915 r_k

♦ When Akhmatova’s son, Leva Gumilyov, was arrested, she and other mothers went to the “Chrest” prison. One of the wives asked how she could describe it. After this, Akhmatova began writing Requiem.

♦ Throughout her well-known life, Akhmatova led a schoednik, excerpts from which were published in 1973. Before her death, while lying in her sleep, the poet wrote that she was sorry, that there was no Bible at the cardiological sanatorium. Obviously, Ganna Andrievna sensed that the thread of her earthly life would break.

♦ The remaining collection of Akhmatova's poetry was published in 1925. After which the NKVS did not miss the creative creativity of this article and called it “provocative and anti-communist.” According to historians, Stalin spoke positively about Akhmatova. However, I didn’t bother to punish you after my conversation with the English philosopher and poet Berlin. Akhmatova was turned off from the list of writers, and was actually accused of being an animal abuser. Talanovita poetesa was hesitant to deal with translations for a long time.

Ganna Akhmatova and Boris Pasternak

♦ Akhmatova spent the entire Second World War near Tashkent. Immediately after the fall of Berlin, the poetess turned to Moscow. However, there she was no longer respected by the “fashionable” poetry: in 1946, her creativity was criticized at a meeting of the Writers’ Conference, and Akhmatova was suddenly expelled from the SSP. Nevertheless, Ganna Andrievna faces another blow: the second arrest of Lev Gumilyov. Suddenly the son’s poems awarded ten rocks of camps. All this hour Akhmatova tried to get him out of the way, she wrote to the Politburo, without hearing anything from them. Lev Gumilyov himself, knowing nothing about his old mother, believed that she did not report enough effort to help him, and then left her.

Portrait of Akhmatov. Altman, Nathan, 1914 (my favorite portrait)

♦ In 1951, Akhmatova’s family was rediscovered from Spiltsa’s Radyansky writings, and she gradually turned to active creative work. In 1964, she was awarded the prestigious Italian literary prize “Etna Torina” and was allowed to withdraw it, as the hours of total repression had passed, and Akhmatova ceased to be interested in anti-communist poetry. In 1958, the collection “Virshi” was published, 1965 – “It’s time to go.” Then, in 1965, just before her death, Akhmatova received her doctorate from Oxford University.

♦ Before her death, Akhmatova became close to her son Lev, whose undeserved image had been hidden on her for many years. After his death, Lev Mikolayovich took part in the memorial monument together with his students (Lev Gumilyov was a professor at Leningrad University). The material was not available, and the gray doctor and the students wandered the streets looking for the stone. Funeral of Annie Akhmatova. Standing behind the poetic word Yosip Brodsky (covering the lower part with his hand), Evgen Rein (left-handed)