Mendelev Dmitro Ivanovich. Vchennya about rozchini

“Often what is important is not the truth itself, but the clarified power of argumentation, which is blamed on it. It is important for you to share your thoughts about the ingenious teachings, which showed the world that you have created great things, searching for the key to the hidden recesses of nature. And here Mendelev’s position, perhaps, predicts the one taken by the great artists Shakespeare and Tolstoy. The truths instilled in those creations are as old as the world, but in the eternal hour these artistic images, from which the truths are created, will be deprived of youth.”

L. A. Chugaev

“A brilliant chemist, a first-class physicist, a pioneer in the field of hydrodynamics, meteorology, geology, in various branches of chemical technology and other fields related to chemistry and physics disciplines, deep knowledge of the chemical industry and industrial industry, especially Russian, the original thinker of Galusia, sovereign wisdom , who, unfortunately, was not judged as a powerful person, but rather because of the understanding of the past and future of Russia rather than the representatives of our official power.” This assessment of Mendelev is given by Lev Oleksandrovich Chugaev.

Born Dmitro Mendelev 27 sіchnya (8 years old) 1834 r. in Tobolsk, the seventeenth and remaining child in the family of Ivan Pavlovich Mendelev, who at that time had become the director of the Tobolsk gymnasium and schools in the Tobolsk district. That fate, Father Mendelev’s blindness and the sudden loss of his place (died 1847). All the excitement about this family passed on to Mendelev’s mother, Maria Dmitrovna, née Cornilleva, a woman of great intelligence and energy. Vaughn was suddenly surrounded by a small glass factory, which provided (at the same time with a meager pension) more modest means for sleeping, and talked about the children to whom the miracle had given light at that time. She had a lot of respect for her young son, who was able to recognize his unforeseen needs. However, at the Tobolsk gymnasium, Mendeleyev got off to a bad start. Not all objects resonate with my soul. I wanted to study more mathematics and physics. Ogida, before the classical school, lost her long life.

Maria Dmitrivna Mendeleeva died around 1850. Dmitro Ivanovich Mendelev preserved his memory of her until the end of his days. Having written through many sources, dedicated to the memory of his mother, his work “Investigation of water problems in the pet water”: “This investigation is dedicated to the memory of his mother. She could only make more money with her own money by running the factory; twisted with a butt, corrected with love and, in order to give science, brought from Siberia, wasting the remaining money and strength. Dyingly, she commanded: the uniqueness of Latin self-indulgence, to insist on practice, and not in words, and patiently joke around with divine and scientific truth, because she realized how often dialectics deceives, how much it is still possible to recognize how with the help of science, without strength, lovingly, Whereas the cares and mercy are firmly grasped, but they are attained: the protection of the acquired truth, the freedom of further development, the external good and the internal well-being. D. Mendelev respects his mother’s covenants as sacred.”

The favorable development of Mendelev’s abilities is known only to the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg. Here we have distinguished readers who hope to instill in the souls of their listeners a deep interest in science. Among them were the greatest scientific forces of that time, academicians and professors of St. Petersburg University. The very situation of the institute, for all the severity of the closed initial mortgage regime, although there were only a small number of students, and their close relationship with the professors gave a wide opportunity for the development of individual cleverness.

Mendelev's student research was based on analytical chemistry: treatment of minerals with ortite and pyroxene. This year, we actually did not engage in chemical analysis, but rather saw it as an important tool for clarifying various research results. It was then that the analysis of ortitis and pyroxene became the impetus for those choosing their thesis (dissertation): “Isomorphism in the connection with other crystalline-shaped veins to the warehouse.” It began with these words: “The laws of mineralogy, like other natural sciences, can be extended to three categories that represent objects of visible light - to form, place and powers. The laws of forms are ordered by crystallography, the laws of power are then followed by the laws of physics and chemistry.”

The concept of isomorphism played an important role here. For almost a decade now, the last decade has been marked by the decline of European affairs. In Russia, Mendeleyev was essentially the first in this galus. His compilation of a report on factual data, caution and formulation on this basis would have earned the honor of any scientist who dealt with the problems of isomorphism. As Mendeleyev predicted earlier, “the entire dissertation has allowed me to develop the most chemical compounds. That's a lot of money." Later, one of the “precursors”, who were considered to be the basis of the periodic law, discovered isomorphism.

After completing the course at the Mendeleev Institute, he worked as a teacher initially in Simferopol, then in Odessa, and finally studied with Pirogov. In 1856 Then he returned to St. Petersburg, where he received a dissertation for the master’s degree in chemistry “About pet duties.” 23 years ago, he became an associate professor at St. Petersburg University, where he reads first theoretical, then organic chemistry.

In 1859 Mendelev was sent to the courtyard for the cordon. Since many other scientific chemists were sent beyond the border, it is important “for thorough education,” without missing out on the government’s follow-up programs, then Mendeleyev was administrated from them, leaving a clearly fragmented program. He went to Heidelberg, where the names of Bunsen, Kirchhoff and Kopp were added, and there he worked in the laboratory he himself organized, most importantly investigating the phenomena of capillarity and surface tension, and spending the year and young Russian scientists: I.P. M. Sechenova, I. A. Vishnegradsky, A. P. Borodina and in.

In Heidelberg, Mendeleyev obtained the significance of an experimental discovery: by establishing the “absolute boiling point” (critical temperature), when it reaches this point in the early minds, the liquid mittevo is transformed into steam. The Irish chemist T. Andrews developed similar precautions. Mendelev worked at the Heidelberg laboratory first as an experimental physicist, not a chemist. He was not able to complete the task - to establish a “required approach to collect the grains and find out where all the particles are from.” More precisely, it was not possible for him to earn anything - bypassing the term of his recovery.

At the end of his visit to Heidelberg, Mendeleyev wrote: “My main subject is physical chemistry. Newton also argued that the cause of chemical reactions lies in simple molecular gravity, which is similar to the phenomena of mechanics. The closeness of purely chemical discoveries has been developed by modern chemistry as a completely special science, derived from physics and mechanics, but, undoubtedly, the hour may come when the chemical sporidity of roses looks like a mechanical phenomenon... I have chosen as my specialty the nutrition that is most likely to be near at this hour." .

This handwritten document was preserved in Mendelev’s archives, where he essentially derived his “cherished thoughts” from directly understanding the deep essence of chemical substances.

In 1861 Mendelev returns to St. Petersburg, where he continues to give a lecture on organic chemistry at the university and publishes works entirely devoted to organic chemistry. One of them, which is purely theoretical, is called “The Evidence of the Theory of Interorganic Reactions.” She develops original phenomena about their boundary forms in adjacent homologous series. Thus, Mendeleyev is one of the first theorists in the field of organic chemistry in Russia. It releases the miraculous handbook of that time “Organic Chemistry” - the first scientific handbook, which has an idea that unites the entire set of organic products, a theory between, originally and completely rejected. The first day of life has come to an end, and the lesson of the coming fate has been re-seen. For his work, he was awarded the Demidiv Prize - the highest scientific prize in Russia at that time. A dozen hours later, A.M. Butlerov characterizes it this way: “This is the only and miraculous original Russian work with organic chemistry, moreover, unknown in Europe, the translation has not yet been known.”

Prote organic chemistry has become somewhat of a prominent area of Mendelev’s activity. In 1863 The Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University selects him as a professor in the Department of Technology, and after being at the next level of the Master of Technology, he is confirmed at the planting in 1865. Until then, in 1864, Mendelev was also appointed professor at the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology

In 1865 he took the dissertation “On the combination of alcohol with water” to the degree of Doctor of Chemistry, and in 1867 having won the department of inorganic (non-organic) chemistry at the university, occupying a total of 23 positions. Having begun preparations for the lectures, we discovered that neither in Russia nor beyond the cordon there is a course of foreign chemistry that would be suitable for students. And then you decide to write it yourself. This fundamental work, which bears the title “Fundamentals of Chemistry,” has been published in numerous editions. The first issue, what to do with the introduction, a look at the dirty chemicals, a description of the power of water, acidity and nitrogen, once completed smoothly - having already appeared in the 1868 rub. However, working on another issue, Mendelev faced the great difficulties associated with the systematization and subsequent publication of material that describes the chemical elements of Dmitro Ivanovich Mendelev I would like to group all the described elements by valence, and then choose another method and combine them into outside the groups, such as the authorities and the nuclear war. Thinking about these facts suddenly brought Mendelev to the main conclusion of his life, which was called Mendelev’s periodic system.

The fact that certain chemical elements exhibit obvious similarities was no secret to the chemists of these times. The similarities between summer, sodium and potassium, between chlorine, bromine and iodine, or between calcium, strontium and barium were obvious. In 1857 Swedish opinion Lensen recognized the chemical similarity of a number of “triads”: ruthenium - rhodium - palladium; osmium – platinum – iridium; manganese – salizo – cobalt. If you would like to try changing the table of elements. Mendelev's library kept a book by the German chemist Gmelin, who published such a table in 1843. In 1857 English chemist Odling presented his version. However, none of the installed systems absorbed the entire totality of the available chemical elements. If you want to realize the existence of several groups and families, it would be possible to take into account the established fact that the connections of these groups among themselves would be deprived of the mind.

Mendelev was able to find out by arranging all the elements in the order of increasing their atomic mass. The establishment of periodic regularities generated a new great tension in thought. Having written on several cards the elements with their atomic forces and fundamental powers, Mendelev began to arrange them in different combinations, rearranging them in changing places. On the right, it was due to the fact that many elements were not yet openly discovered, and the atomic elements already known were indicated with great inaccuracies. However, this regularity has never been revealed. Mendelev himself spoke about the Periodic Law in this manner: “Having suspected the interrelationship between elements even as a student, I did not bother to think about this problem from all sides, collecting materials, and putting in the numbers. The time has come, when the problem has matured, when the decision seems to be ready to fold in the head. As has happened before in my life, the feeling of a nearby virile food, which tormented me, brought me into an awakening state. Over the course of many years, I slept intermittently, trying to find out that magical principle that would immediately organize the entire pile of material accumulated in 15 years. And the axis of one wonderful wound, having spent a sleepless night and not wanting to find a solution, I, without relaxing, lay down on the sofa in the office and fell asleep. And in my dream, the table was vividly presented to me. I immediately jumped up and threw the table I had already bought on the first notepaper that came under my hand.”

In such a way, a legend, I dreamed of the periodic table, Mendelev invented it himself, for the annoying fools of science, who cannot understand what such a blessing is.

Mendelev, being a chemist, took the chemical power of elements as the basis of his system, intending to place chemically similar elements one under one, thereby following the principle of growth of atomic forces. Nothing happened! In this case, simply taking and sufficiently changing the atomic values of several elements (for example, by adding uranium to atomic energy 240 instead of the received 60, so that it becomes more powerful at times!), swapping cobalt and nickel, telurium and iodine, placing three empty cards, transferring three empty cards unknown elements. Published in 1869. The first version of his table, based on the law that “the power of the elements should stand in a periodic position in the face of their atomic war.”

This was the most important thing in Mendelev’s theory, which made it possible to tie together all the elements that had previously appeared in separate groups. There is no disruption to this periodic series. Mendeleyev completely correctly explained that all chemical elements are still known to science. In your table, you have deprived the unidentified cells, by transferring the atomic energy and chemical power of the transferring elements. He also corrected a number of inaccurate values of atomic oil elements, and further investigations completely confirmed that he was right.

The first, still unfinished little one of the table soon became aware of the redesign. Already 1869 r. Mendeleyev placed halogens and metals above the center of the table, as before, and along the edges (as now). At the dawn of time, Mendelev corrected the atomic values of eleven elements and changed the location of twenty. The result is 1871 rubles. The article “Periodic validity for chemical elements” appeared, and the periodic table appeared completely overnight. The article was translated by a German newspaper and was sent to a large number of known European chemists. Unfortunately, no one appreciated the importance of the acquired knowledge. The betting to the periode law snakes in the liche 1875, if F. Lecokde Buabodran vidkriva New Element - Galіy, the power of the Yaki fragment of Mendel (vin, calling Tsei Chiadomiy Ekaalyuminіm). Mendelev's new triumph was in 1879. Scandia, and 1886 r. Germany, the authorities of which also closely resembled Mendelev’s descriptions.

Until the end of life, you continued to develop and thoroughly understand the concept of periodicity. The discovery of radioactivity and gases from the nobility in the 1890s presented the periodic system with serious difficulties. The problem of placing helium, argon and other analogues in the table was successfully resolved as early as 1900 rubles: they were placed in an independent zero group. Further discoveries helped to connect the diversity of radio elements with the structure of the system.

Mendelev himself was highly fascinated by the periodic law and the periodic system and the absence of their rigorous physical explanation. It was inflexible until the model of the atom was broken down. Protein firmly believed that “perhaps, according to the periodic law, the future will not threaten the ruination, but rather the development will continue” (entry from the student dated 10 June 1905), and the 20th century has given unconditional confirmation of this This is due to Mendeleev.

The ideas of the periodic law, which were still formed during the time of work on the tool, gave rise to the structure of the “Fundamentals of Chemistry” (the last edition of the course with the previously applied Periodic Table of Sciences dated 1871) and gave this particular tenor and fundamentality. All the accumulated up to this hour, the great factual material from the various galooties of chemistry has been ahead of the developments here in the seemingly stringent scientific system. “Fundamentals of Chemistry” was widely seen and translated by the main European languages.

Working on the findings of the “Fundamentals”, Mendeleev was actively engaged in research in the field of inorganic chemistry. Zokrem, we want to know the transferred elements in natural minerals, and also to clarify the problem of the “Red Lands”, which is very similar to the authorities and is poorly “fitted” into the table. However, such investigations were unlikely to be within the power of one scientist. Mendelev was supposed to waste an hour for free, and for example, 1871. Now a completely new topic is being developed - gas monitoring.

Experiments with gases were of a completely specific nature - they were purely physical investigations. Mendelev is rightfully regarded as one of the largest number of experimental physicists in Russia during the second half of the 19th century. As in Heidelberg, he engaged in the design and preparation of various physical devices.

Mendelev monitored the compressibility of gases and the thermal coefficient of their expansion over a wide range of pressures. He was not able to carry out all the planned work, but what he did manage to do became a significant contribution to gas physics.

First of all, we need to focus on the development of an ideal gas in order to replace the universal gas constant. The very development of this value played an important role in the development of gas physics and thermodynamics. When describing the power of real gases, we are not far from the truth.

The physical “storehouse” of Mendelev’s creativity is clearly manifested in the 1870-1880s. Of his nearly two hundred publications during this period, two-thirds of his work was devoted to tracking the pressure of gases, various aspects of meteorology, determining the temperature of the upper atmosphere, and clarifying patterns the length of the atmospheric pressure at height, for which purpose we have developed the designs of lethal devices that allow temperature control , pressure and vologosti at great heights.

Mendelev's scientific work became a small part of his creative decline. For the fair respect of one of the biographers, “science and industry, rural dominion, popular enlightenment, suspense and sovereign food, the world of mysticism - everything attracted my respect, and through them, he revealed his individual power there is nothing."

In 1890 r. Mendelev left St. Petersburg University as a sign of protest against the deprivation of university autonomy and devoted all his strength to practical tasks. Back in the 1860s, Dmitro Ivanovich began to deal with the problems of specific breedings and entire galusa, drawing on the economic development of other regions. In the world of accumulated material, it is necessary to move on to the development of a powerful program of socio-economic development, as reflected in numerical publications. The government is waiting for the development of practical, economical food, ahead of the minimum tariffs.

The last adherent of protectionism, Mendeleev played an important role in shaping and changing the ministries-tariff policy of Russia from the beginning of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. For this fate, 1890 r. A new draft tariff was created, in which the patronage system would be consistently implemented, and in 1891. The wonderful book “Tlumachny Tariff” is coming out, which represents a commentary on this project and, at the same time, a deeply thoughtful look at the Russian industry with regard to its needs and future prospects. This capital effort has become a kind of economical encyclopedia of reformed Russia. Mendelev himself, having respected him with his right hand, took care of him and buried him. “What a chemist I am, I am a polythecon; “What is there “Fundamentals” [chemistry], the axis “Tlumachny tariff” is on the right,” said Vin. The peculiarity of Mendelev’s creative method was more “concerned” with the topic, what to say, if for many hours the work was carried out continuously, often mayzhe As a result, the most important scientific tasks were created in different short terms.

The Marine and Military ministries entrusted Mendelev (1891) with the development of knowledge about smokeless gunpowder, and wine (after overseas detachment) in 1892. Bliskuche vykonovu tse zavdanya. The propionation of it with “perocolodium” turned out to be a wonderful type of smokeless gunpowder, which is also universal and easily used for any kind of flammable fire. (Over the year, Russia purchased “Mendelian” gunpowder from the Americans, as they received a patent).

In 1893 Mendelev was appointed as a ceramic maker, carefully reworking the Head Chamber of Entrepreneurs and Terezivs, and this plantation lost the rest of its life. There Mendelev organizes low-level work in metrology. U 1899 r. This is a trip to the Ural factories. Through the war, a great and even revolutionary monograph about the Ural industry appeared.

The secret work of Mendelev’s work on the economical basis is to become hundreds of hand-held arkushes, and the teachings of the work are one of the three main directions of the service of the Batkivshchina, in line with robots in the field of natural science and scientific research. I am clear. Mendelev, advocating for industrial development of Russia: “I am not and will not be a manufacturer, nor a breeder, nor a trader, but I know that without them, without giving them important and genuine meaning, it is impossible to think about the industrial development of the goodness of Russia.”

His work and performances were sparkling with my bright and figurative, emotional and focused manner of presenting the material, something that was characteristic of the unique “Mendelian style”, “the natural wildness of the Siberian”, which did not succumb to “There is no gloss whatsoever,” which they coped with hostile inconceivableness. Suchasnikov.

Mendeleyev has lost many of his roles at the forefront of the struggle for the economic development of the region. He had a chance to be called upon by the fact that his activity in promoting the ideas of industrialization was subject to a special focus. Shchodennikov has a record of 10 linya 1905 r. He also signified that he has taken his job from the acquired capital to the point of profitability, “without fighting for money with them... Don’t judge me here as you wish, I have nothing to repent of, because neither capital, nor brute force, nor your own mu I have not served one iota of wealth, but I have only tried and, as long as I can, I will strive to give fruitful, industrially real justice to the right of my land... Science and industry are the axis of my world.”

Due to the development of the meat industry, Mendelev was faced with the problem of protecting the excess food. Already 1859 r. The 25-year study published in the first issue of the Moscow magazine “Bulletin of Industry” the article “About the march and poverty of the Dima.” The author points out the great harm caused by unpurified processed gases: “Dim darkens the day, penetrates into the veins, clouds the facades of huge monuments and causes a wealth of infirmities and ill health.” Mendeleev Rozrakhov theoretically the necessary amount of wind for complete combustion of firewood, analyzes the warehouse of firewood of different varieties, and the combustion process. Particularly favors the rapid influx of water and nitrogen. This respect of Mendelev is especially relevant today, when in various industrial installations and in transport, in addition to coal, a lot of diesel fuel and fuel oil are burned, which burns a high level of sour.

In 1888 Mendelev developed a project for the cleansing of the Don and the Siversky Dion, which was discussed with representatives of the Moscow government. In the 1890s, following the example of the encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, he published a small number of articles on the topic of saving nature and resources. The article “Wastewater” clearly examines the natural purification of wastewater; a number of applications show how it is possible to purify wastewater from industrial enterprises. Mendelev’s article “Leave the surplus (technical)” provides many applications for bark processing of waste products, especially industrial ones. “Recycling of waste,” he writes, “seemingly, is the transformation of valuable goods into the value of the authorities, and this will become one of the most important gains of modern technology.”

The breadth of Mendelev’s work, dedicated to the conservation of natural resources, is characterized by his research in the forest kingdom during his trip to the Urals in 1899. Mendelev reliably observed the growth of different varieties of trees (pine, yalina, yalice, birch, modriny, etc.) on the large area of the Ural region and Tobolsk province. He insisted that “the river growth should be equal to the river growth, otherwise the land will lose as much as we have taken.”

The appearance of the possible posts of the learned encyclopedist and thinker was in response to the needs of Russia, which is developing. The creative genius of Mendelev is in constant demand. Growing over the results of his rich scientific activity and accepting the shouts of the hour, Mendelev increasingly turned to socio-economic issues, following the patterns of the historical process, understanding the essence of those individuals news of the current era. It is important that such directness of thought is one of the characteristic intellectual traditions of ancient science.

Mіstse narodzhennia: Tobolsk

Activities and interests: chemistry, technology, economics, metrology, agricultural chemistry and rural government, lighting, physical chemistry, solid state chemistry, theory of discord, physics of natural gases, naphtha technology, equipment bathing, meteorology, seafaring, shipbuilding, development of extreme cardboard robots

Biography
Russian scientist-encyclopedist, author of fundamental works on chemistry, physics, chemical technology, metrology, aeronautics, meteorology, agriculture, economics, etc. The most familiar concept from Mendelev is the fundamental law of nature, the periodic law of chemical elements.
He himself noted that he put together “all sorts of subjects... the periodic law, the investigation of the pressure of gases, the understanding of divisions like associations and “Fundamentals of Chemistry.” The periodic law was discovered during his work on the “Fundamentals of Chemistry”. Having traced all life, step by step grasping the nature of the chemical substance as such, and the equation of Clapeyron - Mendelev (the parallel of the ideal gas) is an important formula that establishes the deposit between the pressure, the molar This is the absolute temperature of an ideal gas.
Throughout this life, regularly taking part in manufacturing enterprises, theoretical scientific problems have little practical significance. In addition, it was involved in a variety of areas of activity, including sailing, shipbuilding and exploration of the Last Night.
Mendelev is the author of over thousands of works, including the classic “Fundamentals of Chemistry,” the first systematic book of inorganic chemistry (1869 – 1871). Having received great scientific authority from the whole world and been honored by numerous cities - Russian and foreign orders and medals, honorary membership in various Russian and foreign scientific associations, numerous scientific titles, etc.

Illumination, step and calling
1847-1849, Tobolsk Human Gymnasium
1850-1855, St. Petersburg Head Pedagogical Institute
1856, St. Petersburg University: Master of Chemistry
1857, St. Petersburg University, Department of Chemistry: private associate professor
1865, St. Petersburg University, Faculty: Physics and Mathematics: Doctor of Science
1876, Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences: corresponding member

Robot
1855, Simferopol Human Gymnasium: senior teacher of natural sciences
1855-1856, Gymnasium at the Richelieu Lyceum, Odessa, Ukraine
1857-1890, St. Petersburg University: professor of chemical technology (from 1865), professor of foreign chemistry (from 1867)
1859-1861, Heidelberg University, Nimecchina
1863-1872, St. Petersburg Institute of Technology: professor and quarryman of the chemical laboratory
1879, Yaroslavl Oil Refinery Plant (Nini named after D.I. Mendelev): founder and chief technologist
1890-1893, Depot of military equipment and Terezivs, St. Petersburg: ceremony-okhoronets
1893, Main Chamber of Entries and Terezivs (Ninni VNDI metrology named after D.I. Mendelev), St. Petersburg: ceramic
1893 Chemical plant P.K. Ushkova (nine name L.Ya. Karpov)
1903, Kiev Polytechnic Institute: head of the State Examination Commission

Hut
1834-1849, Tobolsk province, Tobolsk village. Aremzyanske
1850-1855, St. Petersburg
1855, Simferopol
1855-1856, Odessa
1856-1857, St. Petersburg
1859-1861, Niemecchina, Heidelberg and Bonn
1861-1865, St. Petersburg
1865-1906, Moscow region, Boblovo
1866-1907, St. Petersburg

Facts from life
Having been the remaining child of the wealthy family of the director of the gymnasium and a descendant of the merchant family. Mendelev’s grandfather on his father’s line was nicknamed Sokolov, and the great father of the great Ivan Pavlovich was nicknamed Mendelev, because, as Dmitro Ivanovich thought later, “he was named as Mendele’s landowner.” “I changed the horses.” Mother Mendeleveva Maria Dmitrivna resembled the ancient family of Siberian merchants and industrialists and, in order to support the family, had a rich rock factory. In order to complete the training, his mother took him from Siberia to Moscow, then flying to St. Petersburg. Mendelev was devoted to his mother throughout his life and dedicated his scientific practices to her.
At the gymnasium, where Mendelev began, Russian literature was contributed by the author of “The Little Humpbacked Horse”, P.P. Ershov.
In 1859, the family thoroughly studied the sciences of Heidelbers, where they explored the interconnections of chemical and physical forces of speech, the intense force of the aggregation of particles on the base of data, removed during the changes of capillarity (surface tension) gu ridin) for different temperatures. The laboratory of the German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen at the University of Heidelberg did not allow such delicate investigations, so Mendeleev had to create his laboratory on his own.
Starting in Bonny with the “famous master of ecclesiastical rites” Gessler, who created Mendelev’s thermometers and devices for vibrating parts.
In 1875-1876, he took part in a robotic commission to investigate mediumistic phenomena, consistently distorting spiritualism.
In 1880, the birth of active members of the Academy of Sciences was absent, without elections.
Pishov from St. Petersburg University, having talked with the Minister of Education: under the hour of student petition, he was inspired to accept Mendelev’s petition of students.
He took part in the development of technologies for the first Russian plant for the production of machine oils in the Yaroslavl province.
In 1892, he became the custodian of the Depot of Explosive Gears and Terezivs, which, through the initiative of Mendelev, was transformed into the Main Chamber of Arrivals and Terezivs.
1893 worked at the chemical plant P.K. Ushkova over the production of pyrocold smokeless gunpowder.
In 1899, the family completed the Ural expedition, dedicated to the modernization of the weed plant and processing.
Having formulated the main direct developments of Russia's rulers, decisively advocating protectionism and the expansion of foreign investments in the Russian industry, and in 1891, simultaneously from S.Yu. Witte worked on the Mitny tariff.
In their work in the economy, they promoted the development of the communal and artel spirit and advocated reforming the community so that the snail would be engaged in agriculture, and would work in the communal factory.
At the beginning of the 20th century, it is estimated that by 2050 the population of Russia may reach 800 million people.
Pratsi ta zverennya signed “D. Mendeleev” or “Professor Mendeleev”, even rarely remembering their honorary title, which is the name of the faceless.
Close to 1900, after the World Exhibition in Paris, I wrote my first Russian article about synthetic fibers “Viscose at the Paris Exhibition”.
Foreigners nominated Mendelev for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for three decades (1905, 1906 and 1907) for adherence to the periodic law, which Mendelev’s Russian colleagues did not deny at all. 1905 Mendelev's fate was discovered by the German chemist Adolf Bayer; 1906 - Henri Moissan: the Nobel Committee awarded the prize to Mendelevev, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences initiated the work. In 1907, it was planned to share the prize between the Italian chemist Stanislao Cannizzaro and Mendelevev, but Mendelev died on February 2, 1907, without reaching the committee’s decision. Cannizzaro, however, did not lose the prize either.
The history of the fact that the periodic table of elements was inspired by Mendelev is true, but not at all. After working on this formalized systematization for a long time, I worked on it once for three days, went to bed, dozed off, and worked on the table, where the elements were arranged in the required order. It is impossible to say what the burning was seen - Mendelev simply continued to think in his sleep.
There is a legend about those that Mendelev was famous for the production of valises. Having effectively engaged in palette and cardboard robots, he glued boxes for transporting papers and learned to work in a discreet, or, ultimately, unprofessional manner, gaining a reputation among the people as “valise the master.”
The legend about those who made Mendelev’s wine is a legend in its purest form. Mendelev rightly stole the dissertation “About the combination of alcohol with water,” but about the madness of 40° (or, under a different version, 38°) she couldn’t find it. In 1895, when Mendeleyev took part in the meetings of the Wette Commission to find ways to organize the production and trade of drinks that contained alcohol, the burner in Russia was already rich in fate iv.
All the lives of Mendeleyev were the last patriot and were deeply overwhelmed by the fact that the recognition of Russian doctrines in Russia is valued lower than the outgoing works. Closer to the end of this period, patriotism took on several extremist forms: in 1905, Mendelev joined the Black Hundred Union of the Russian People.
Mendelev's son-in-law is the Russian singer Oleksandr Blok, who is friends with his daughter Lyubov.
There is this anecdote: “One day Mendelev came to the House of Entry and was greatly disturbed. He shouted at everyone, then sat down by the chair, laughed and said cheerfully: “Oh, how am I in the mood today!”
Mendelev defined his “three services to the Fatherland” as follows: scientific activity, contribution and service to the Russian industry.
The 101st chemical element - mendelevium, as well as the mineral, the monthly crater and the underwater Girsky ridge are named after Mendelev. Since 1907, Mendelev's meetings have been regularly held in Russia, dedicated to a wide range of scientific and applied chemistry, and since 1941, Mendelev's readings have been held, where the evidence of Russian chemists is read. and physicists, biologists and biochemists.

Vidkrittya
Work is underway on the “Fundamentals of Chemistry” work, D.I. Mendelev in as early as 1869 discovered one of the fundamental laws of nature - the periodic law of chemical elements, which allows not only to accurately determine the power of already known elements, but also to predict the power of not yet known elements. vіdkritikh. In the course of work on the periodic table, Mendeleyev clarified the values of the atomic masses of nine elements, as well as transferring the origin, atomic masses and power to a number of elements, which were later revealed (galium, scandium, germanium, polonium, astatine, technology and France). Having supplemented the table with a zero group of noble gases in the 1900th century. In the 1850s, evidence of isomorphism was observed that demonstrated the interdependence of the crystalline form and the chemical composition of the compounds, as well as the repository of the powers of the elements from their atomic volumes.
In 1859, Mendelev designed a device for measuring the thickness of the core - a picnometer.
At 1860, having reached the absolute boiling point of the liquid, it is a critical temperature at which the thickness and pressure of the injected steam is maximum, and the thickness of the liquid, which is in dynamic equilibrium with the steam, is minimal.
In 1861 he published “Organic Chemistry” - the first Russian author of this discipline.
In 1865 - 1887, he formulated the hydration theory of discord and developed ideas about the production of exchangeable warehouses. The foundations of Mendelev’s belief about corruption were laid in 1865 in his doctoral dissertation “On the connection of alcohol with water.” Over the years, on the basis of his theory, the theory of the breakdown of electrolytes was formulated.
In 1868 he became one of the founders of the Russian Chemical Partnership, and in 1876 he initiated its official alliance with the Russian Physical Partnership, as a result of which in 1878 the Russian Physical Partnership was formed. chemical marriage.
Between 1869 and 1971 he published “Fundamentals of Chemistry,” the first systematization of inorganic chemistry.
In 1874, it was known that the ideal gas was equal to the ideal gas (Clapeyron's - Mendelev's theory), the final result of which was the dependence of the gas on temperature, discovered by the French physicist Benoit Paul Hémil Clapeyron in 1834. Also, starting to investigate the power of real gas companies.
In 1875, he developed a project for a stratospheric balloon with a hermetically sealed gondola, which would rise from the upper atmosphere, as well as a project for a ceramic balloon with engines.
In 1877, the company introduced the principle of shot distillation during the processing of naphtha. Also assuming the transition of naphtha from carbides of important metals is a hypothesis that is not currently supported.
1880 rock propagated the idea of underground coal gasification.
Promoting the recovery of mineral resources, the cultivation of dry lands, the expansion of infrastructure (including in the Urals) and other progressive approaches that will coordinate the development of the agricultural kingdom and industry.
In 1890 - 1892 fates at once iz I.M. Cheltsov, crushing the perforated smokeless gunpowder.
On the basis of the Depot of Zazkovic Gears and Terezivs, in 1893, they created the Main Chamber of Inputs and Terezivs (Nina VNDI Metrology named after D.I. Mendelev), and in 1901, they created the first verification mark in Ukraine, which was verified trades come and go, and then become Kharkiv Institute of Metrology; This is where the history of metrology and standardization in Ukraine began.
Having legalized the main approaches of dovzhini and vaga (arshin and pound).
Having created a precise theory of Terezov, developing the most beautiful designs of the rocker arm and arrester.
In 1901 - 1902, he designed an Arctic expedition ship and developed a high-latitude “trade” sea route, through which ships could pass near the Northern Pole.

Mendelev Dmitro Ivanovich - Russian scientist, brilliant chemist, physicist, follower of the field of metrology, hydrodynamics, geology, profound knowledge of industry, equipment operator, economist, sailor, teacher , a huge figure and an original thinker.

Childhood and youth

Great teachings were born in 1834, 8 fierce, near Tobolsk. Father Ivan Pavlovich was the director of district schools and the Tobolsk gymnasium, coming from the family of priest Pavel Maksimovich Sokolov, a Russian nationalist.

Ivan changed his nickname from his childhood, being a student of the Tver Seminary. Apparently, this was dedicated to the honor of my goddamn father, landowner Mendelev. Later, the national identity of the saint’s nickname was repeatedly destroyed. For some reasons, she heard about the Jewish root, for others - about the German one. Dmitro Mendelev himself spoke about those who gave Ivan’s nickname to his teacher from the seminary. Yunak made a long-distance exchange and thereby became famous among his classmates. Behind two words - “menu robiti” - Ivan Pavlovich entered the entry at the beginning.

Mother Maria Dmitrivna (Kornilyev’s daughter) was engaged in the care of children and household rule, with little reputation as an intelligent and reasonable woman. Dmitry was the youngest in the family, the last of fourteen children (for other information, the remaining of seventeen children). In the 10th century, the boy, having lost his father, became blind and died forever.

At the hour of starting at the gymnasium, Dmitro did not show his skills, but Latin was more difficult for him. Lyubov was pinned down to science by his mother, and she took the fate of the molded character. Maria Dmitrivna took her son to pay him to St. Petersburg.

In 1850, St. Petersburg youth joined the Main Pedagogical Institute, Department of Natural Sciences, Physics and Mathematics. Yogo vikladachami buli professor E. H. Lenz, A. A. Voskresensky and N. V. Ostrogradsky.

At the beginning of his time at the university (1850-1855), Mendeleev shows some differences. As a student, he published an article “About isomorphism” and low chemical analyses.

The science

In 1855, Dmitry withdrew his diploma from the gold medal and was sent to Simferopol. Here he works as a senior teacher at the gymnasium. With the beginning of the Crimean War, Mendelev moved to Odessa and took over the settlement from the lyceum.

In 1856 I will return to St. Petersburg. Starts at university, completes a dissertation, majors in chemistry. Spring submits another dissertation and is appointed as a private lecturer at the university.

In 1859, Mendelev was dispatched to the detachment to Germany. He works at the University of Heidelberg, a regional laboratory that studies capillary fluids. Here he wrote articles “About the temperature of absolute boiling” and “About the expansion of liquids”, apparently the “critical temperature”.

In 1861, he turned to St. Petersburg. I create the handbook “Organic Chemistry”, for which I am awarded the Demidiv Prize. By 1864 he was already a professor, and two years later he left the department and worked on “Fundamentals of Chemistry.”

1869 represents a periodic system of elements, which has been refined and dedicated to all life. In the periodic table, presenting the atomic mass of nine elements, later adding a group of noble gases and leaving room for elements that are still a little open. In the 90s, Dmitro Mendelev made his contribution to the discovery of radioactivity. The periodic law includes proof of the connection between the powers of the elements and its atomic obligation. Now I ask you to find a photo of the primer from the skin table of chemical elements.

In 1865-1887 rocks, the hydrate theory of disunity is dissected. In 1872, the elasticity of gases began to be reduced, and after two years the level of ideal gas was introduced. In the middle of the Mendelevian period - the creation of schemes for shot distillation of naphtha products, stagnation of tanks and pipelines. For Dmitr Ivanovich's secret, the spitting of black gold at the fireboxes was immediately kicked in. The eternal phrase “Spitting naphtha is the same as drowning the stove with banknotes” has become an aphorism.

Another area of activity was geographic research. In 1875, Dmitro Ivanovich attended the Paris International Geographical Congress, where he presented his vinakhid - a differential barometer-visotomer. In 1887, a generation of children took their part in the road with a balloon near the upper spheres of the atmosphere to guard against complete sleepy darkness.

In 1890, a welding with a high-ranking student became the reason for Mendelev’s departure from the university. In 1892, a chemist discovered a method for removing smokeless gunpowder. At the same time, they are considered to be saving the Depot of tourist visits and vag. Here he renews the prototypes of the pound and the arshin, and is engaged in the calculation of equal Russian and English standards of entry.

With the initiative of Mendelev in 1899, a metric system of entries was optionally introduced. In 1905, 1906 and 1907, a candidate for the Nobel Prize hangs in the balance. In 1906, the Nobel Committee awarded the prize to Mendelev, but the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences did not confirm the decision.

Mendelev, who is the author of more than a thousand times, has gained great scientific authority in the world. For his achievements, he was awarded numerous scientific titles, Russian and foreign cities, being an honorable member of low scientific partnerships in the Fatherland and beyond the cordon.

Special life

The youth and Dmitry had an unpleasant breakdown. The search for the girl Sonya, whom we knew from childhood, ended with suspense. Ale the beauty was splattered until the end and did not go away. Have fun in advance, since the preparations are already in full swing, it turns out that Sonechka has finally given up. The girl appreciated that there was no sense in changing, since life was so good.

Dmitro was painfully experiencing the breakup with his fiancée, but life went its way. After heavy thoughts, he was overcome by a trip to the border, a lecture and true friends. Having renewed the relationship with Feozva Mikitichnaya Lishcheva, whom we knew before, we became friends with her. The girl was 6 years older than Dmitry, but she looked young, so the difference between her and her was immeasurable.

In 1862, the stinks became a man and a squad. The first daughter Masha was born in 1863, but lived for only a few months. In 1865, son Volodya was born, three years later - daughter Olya. Before Dmitro Ivanovich’s children, he had little affection, but the rest of his life was devoted to scientific activity. A lover who follows the principle of “tolerate and love” will not be happy.

In 1877, Dmitro met Ganna Ivanivna Popova, who became a person for him, a well-known person who would support a wise man with a reasonable word. The girl turned out to be a creatively gifted person: she began playing the piano at the Conservatory, and later at the Academy of Mysteries.

Dmitro Ivanovich participated in youth “Fridays” and got to know Ganna. “Fridays” were transformed into literary and mystical “middle-class events”, led by talented artists and professors. Among them were Mikola Wagner, Mikola Beketov and others.

Dmitry and Ganni's friend died in 1881. Nezabar they had a daughter, Lyuba, a son, Ivan, born in 1883, and twins, Vasil and Maria, born in 1886. Another whore in particular had a happy life. Later he became the son-in-law of Dmitry Ivanovich, becoming friends with the daughter of the great Lyubov.

Death

At the beginning of 1907, a meeting between Dmitry Mendelev and the new Minister of Industry Dmitry Filosofov took place in the Chamber of Peace and Teresia. After walking around the ward for illnesses due to the cold, the burning of the legends screamed. However, being very ill, Dmitro continued to work on the manuscript “Before the Knowledge of Russia”, the remaining words he wrote in which became the phrase:

“In the end, I respect you for the need, I want you to know from the distant rices...”.

Death came on the fifth year of the 2nd year through heart palsy. The grave of Dmitry Mendelev is located on the Volkov Square in St. Petersburg.

The memory of Dmitr Mendelev is commemorated by low monuments, documentaries, and the book “Dmitro Mendelev. The author of the great law."

There are a lot of biographical facts associated with the names of Dmitry Mendelev. In addition to his activities, Dmitro Ivanovich became involved in industrial exploration. In the 1970s, the naphtha industry began to flourish in the United States, and technologies appeared that made the production of naphtha products cheaper. Russian winemakers began to gain recognition on the international market through unprincipled competition on price.
In 1876, following the efforts of the Ministry of Finance of Russia and the “Russian Technical Partnership”, which coordinated with the military department, Mendeleev flew overseas to exhibit technical innovations. On site, chemists have developed innovative plants for the production of gases and other naphtha products. And following the reports from the salvage services of Europe, Dmitro Ivanovich tried to decipher the method of preparing smokeless gunpowder, which he got away with.

Mendelev's hobbies - prepare valises. I've sewn my clothes for a long time.
Vcheny is credited with the wine of the burner and the moonshine still. But it’s true that Dmitro Ivanovich on the topic of his doctoral dissertation “Mirkuvannaya about combining alcohol with water”, having learned about nutritional changes, it’s important to laugh. The robot never had a word about the burner. And the standard at 40 ° was established in Tsarist Russia back in 1843.
Having come up with hermetically sealed containers for passengers and pilots.
There is a legend that the discovery of Mendelev’s periodic system arose from the dream, aka myth, of the creations of ancient times.
Having rolled cigarettes himself, vikorist and expensive tutyun. Kazav, please don’t stop smoking.

Vidkrittya

Having created a ceramic aerostat, which became an invaluable contribution to the world's navigation.
Having expanded the periodic table of chemical elements, it became a graphic expression of the law established by Mendelev while working on the “Fundamentals of Chemistry”.
Having created a picnometer - an attachment built to indicate the thickness of the garden.
The boiling point is at the critical temperature.
Having created a balance between the ideal gas state, which establishes the difference between the absolute temperature of the ideal gas, pressure and molar volume.
The Main Chamber of Entrepreneurs was the central office of the Ministry of Finance, which was in charge of the most important part of the Russian Empire, which was subordinated to the trade department.

Who is Dmitro Ivanovich Mendelev? March 4th, 2014

About Dmitry Ivanovich Mendelev (1834-1907) It’s more important to write a short article than a book. In such fields of science (and not just in chemistry) it turns out that they have gained first-class insights!

It would be nice to think that the life of D.I. Mendelev was such a triumphal march from victory to victory. Shvidshe for all the tricks. Everything was given to you with great importance.

Dmitry Ivanovich was born in the town of Tobolsk. I was the last, seventeenth, child in the family, and the eighth living child. Starting, as they said, “on a pittance.” His mother, Maria Dmitrivna, after the death of father Ivan Pavlovich, alone coped with her great homeland and brought her to a year old. Volodya's family used to have a swearing factory, and her mother took over the place of the ceramic plant. Tse bulo dzherelo income.

When Dmitro Ivanovich finished his studies at the Tobolsk gymnasium, his mother left her native Siberia and moved to Moscow with her son and daughter.

There are a lot of legends about D.I. Mendelev, which most often appear as guesses. One of these guesses: Dmitro Ivanovich was not very knowledgeable and had not completed his studies before university. In fact, gymnasium graduates entered university without graduation. Ale before the university is deprived of his primary district. Tobolsk lies before the Kazan district commander. Tom D.I. Mendelev may only enter Kazan University. It was not easy for my mother to settle with Kazan. There were relatives living in Moscow, including his mother’s brother, who helped her, as she arranged for insurance, to allow her sons to enter a university that was not “permitted.” It didn’t work. And after territorial turbots and turbots, in 1850, D.I. Mendelev became a student at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg. Also Dmitro Ivanovich did not finish university.

After graduating from the Pedagogical Institute, D.I.Mendelev worked in daily life in Russia, initially at the Simferopol Human Gymnasium, and then at Rishel'evsk and gymnasium in Odessa. In 1856, his family quickly captured his master's thesis in chemistry. From 1857 to 1890 rіk D. I. Mendelev contributes to chemistry and chemical technology at St. Petersburg University. According to the riddle, one of the lines of Vasilievsky Island, which was entrusted from the office of St. Petersburg University, is called Mendelevskaya.

Dmitr Ivanovich’s trip to the scientific expansion for two days to Nimechchin, to Heidelberg University was very pleasant. In 1859, the family went to seek the recommendation of the famous chemist A.A. Voskresensky and worked with Heidelbers until 1861. In the photographs of that time, the twenty-five-year-old teaching already has a beard. All youth is youth. During his stay in Heidelberg, Dmitro Ivanovich began an affair with an actress. From this novel a child was born, for whom Mendelev sent pennies in the morning, although he wanted to do this until the end and without any success with his father.

Another legend about D.I. Mendelev. Turning to Russia from Germany, in 1865 he published a doctoral dissertation under the cheerful title “About the combination of alcohol with water.” But in this dissertation it was not at all revealed that the burner temperature is forty degrees. What a fort of wine and maybe a burner, they knew not a hundred years before. D.I. Mendelev’s doctoral dissertation initiated one of the branches of physical chemistry, which also led to the theory of discord. Why did they punish the water and alcohol for the last time? Because when mixed with water and alcohol, the cost of the extracted alcohol is significantly less than the amount of warehouse expenses. This means that smaller water molecules are located in the middle of larger alcohol molecules, creating a “thicker packing”.

Turning to Russia in 1861, D.I. Mendeleev contributes to the St. Petersburg University and to several other initial deposits of the capital. In the same 1861 year, the light of his famous handbook “Organic Chemistry” came into light.

According to Dmitry Ivanovich, the periodic system of chemical elements also has a lot to do with it, as a result of pedagogical activity and the work of writing his best friend “Fundamentals of Chemistry”.

Inorganic chemistry contains almost no harmful elements. In fact, the skin element has its own chemistry. Isn’t it worth it for students to read dozens of specific chemical courses, every single element?

On the other hand, chemists have long noted the similarity of various elements: lithium, sodium and potassium, saliva, nickel and cobalt, inert (they were also called noble) gases... Until the end, D.I. .Mendeleev, there was caution on the empirical level . Mendelev revealed the periodicity of changes in power in all living elements. And indicating the place for the elements that are not yet open. A number of rocks were discovered when new elements were discovered. The first of them, Galius, was discovered in 1875, five years after the publication of the famous periodic table, the other, Scandium, was born in 1879. This was partly the reason why D.I. Mendelev without becoming an academician. In 1880, the rock was thrust into the academicians, and members of the Academy of Sciences swamped the scientist: there are no similar benefits in chemistry. The periodic system is largely based not on scientific principles, but on a methodical approach. Or they wanted to seize...

In 1869 there appeared an article by D.I. Mendelev “Evidence of a system of elements based on our atomic vase and chemical similarity.” Before the speech, it was confirmed by the first meeting of the carefully created Russian Chemical Association. In 1871, the article “Periodic Law for Chemical Elements” was revised, which included the most important conclusion.

I call - a legend. It seems that the Periodic Law of D.I. I dreamed of Mendelev in my dreams. We know a lot about this myself. In just a few minutes we can guess the story of the apple falling on the head of I. Newton, what happened to him in accordance with the law of universal gravity, as the great scoundrel Voltaire really saw. On the other hand, why not? The biggest problem, if you think about it, sometimes comes at the most vulnerable moments and from the most vulnerable drives.

The interests of D.I. Mendelev are varied and in any field he can achieve serious results. Among other things, we started scientific metrology. Getting involved in naphtochemicals and naphtha refining. The secret of nitroglycerin gunpowder, which the French began to talk about, has been revealed. He took part in the creation of the first Tomsk University in Siberia and did not become its rector. Flying on a windy cooler. Let's get involved in scientific research and spiritualism.

The promise of a marvelous people and marvelous ideas, which Russia has the right to write about.

Dmitro Ivanovich Mendelev (1834-1907) - Russian encyclopedist. In 1869, the periodic law of chemical elements was discovered - one of the basic laws of natural science. Having lost over 500 books, the middle of which is the classic “Fundamentals of Chemistry” - the first book of inorganic chemistry. Also D.I. Mendelev is the author of fundamental research in physics, metrology, aeronautics, meteorology, rural government, economics, national education, closely related to the needs of economic development of Russia. The organizer and the first director of the Main Chamber of Entrepreneurs and Vag.

Dmitro Ivanovich Mendelev was born on February 8, 1834. in Tobolsk in the family of Ivan Pavlovich Mendelev, who at that time had become the director of the Tobolsk gymnasium and schools in the Tobolsk district. Dmitro was with his family as the seventeenth child. In 1841-1849 pp. starting at the Tobolsk gymnasium.

I see the insight of Mendeleyev from the Department of Natural Sciences, Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the Main Pedagogical Institute of St. Petersburg, the course of which was completed in 1855. from a gold medal. In 1856 St. Petersburg University stole a master's thesis from 1857 r. as an associate professor, having taught a course in organic chemistry there. In 1859-1861 pp. I was with a scientific associate in Heidelberg, where I worked with a lot of scientists, including A.P. Borodinim and I.M. Sechenov. There he worked in his small home laboratory, as well as in the laboratory of R. Bunsen at Heidelberg University. In 1861 having published the handbook "Organic Chemistry", awarded the Demidiv Prize by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

In 1862 Mendelev became friends with the stepdaughter of the famous author of “The Little Humpbacked Konik” Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov, Feozva Mikitna Lishchova, a native of Tobolsk. Whose lover fathered three children, but one daughter died in childhood. In 1865 Since then, Boblovo has been adding more capital to the Moscow province, having become involved in agricultural chemistry and rural dominion. F.M. Leshcheva and her children lived there for most of the time.

Born in 1864-1866 D.I. Mendelev was a professor at the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology. In 1865 having received his doctoral dissertation “About the combination of alcohol with water” and also having been confirmed by a professor at St. Petersburg University. Vykladav Mendelev and other great initial deposits. He took an active part in public life, speaking to the press, lobbying for permission to give public lectures, protesting against circulars that would limit the rights of students, and negotiating a new university statute.

According to Mendelev’s periodic law, it dates back to 1 Birth 1869, when he compiled a table under the title “Evidence of a system of elements based on their atomic vase and chemical similarity.” This was the result of rich jokes. We have collected a number of variants of the periodic system and, on this basis, corrected the atomic forces of certain known elements, transferring the power and power of yet unknown elements. Initially, the system itself, the corrections made and Mendelev’s predictions were streamlined. But after the introduction of the elements transferred to it (galium, germanium, scandium), the periodic law began to be eliminated. The periodic system has become a kind of expensive solution for inorganic chemistry in the pre-study robot in this galusa.

In 1868 Mendelev became one of the organizers of the Russian Chemical Partnership.

For example, the 1870s. Dmitro Mendelev was passionate about Ganna Ivanivna Popova, the daughter of a Don Cossack from Uryupinsk. Another has D. I's love. Mendelev gave birth to four children. D.I. Mendelev was the father-in-law of the Russian poet Oleksandr Blok, who befriended his daughter Lyubova.

Born in 1876 Dmitro Mendelevev - corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, born in 1880. hanging into the academics, there were swamps, which screamed a sharp huge protest.

In 1890 r. Mendelev, being a professor at St. Petersburg University, signed a protest against the suppression of students. Although he strongly pursues science, Dmitro Mendelev will devote all his energies to practical tasks.

I will participate for you, in 1890. A new draft tariff was created, in which the patronage system would be consistently implemented, and in 1891. A wonderful book is coming out: “The Dark Tariff”, which represents a commentary on this project and at the same time a deeply thoughtful look at the industry, with an indication of its needs and future prospects. In 1891, the Marine and Military Ministries entrusted Mendelev with the development of information about smokeless gunpowder, and in 1892 (after the border detachment). Bliskuche vykonovu tse zavdanya. The propionation of it with “perocolodium” turned out to be a wonderful type of smokeless gunpowder, which is also universal and easily used for any kind of flammable fire.

Born in 1891 Mendelev took an active part in the “Encyclopedic Dictionary” of Brockhaus-Efron, as the editor of the chemical-technical and factory section and the author of numerous articles in the color of his work. In 1900-1902 years. Dmitro Mendelev edits the “Library of Industry” (video by Brockhaus-Efron), where he will publish the edition “Chennia about Industry”. Born in 1904 “Words of Thoughts” began to appear - a historical, philosophical and socio-economic treatise by Mendelev, which contains his commandment to posterity, the summaries of what he experienced and changed his mind from different diets, which are in need of economical, the central life of Russia.

Dmitro Ivanovich Mendelev died on June 20, 1907. view of the burning leg. His funeral, accepted by the state, was a valid national complaint. The Department of Chemistry of the Russian Physico-Chemical Partnership awarded Mendelev two prizes for the best work in chemistry. Mendelev's library, at the same time as the furnishings of his office, was furnished by the Petrograd University and is kept in a special location, as it formed part of his apartment.