We come together under the sign of the wisdom of ecological humanism. Ecology - Hypermarket know Why is it necessary to protect the environment?

Report on the solution to paragraph § 74 of biology for 10th grade students, authors Kamensky A.A., Kriksunov E.A., Pasichnik V.V. 2014

• GD worker sews in Biology for 10th grade can be found

1. What is ecology?

Confirmation. Ecology (from the Greek οικος - budinok, dominion, living and λόγος - chevnya) is a science that interacts with living and inanimate nature. The term was first coined in the book “General Morphologie der Organismen” in 1866 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel.

Ecology is considered to be the foundation of biology, the fundamental science of living organisms. Living organisms can develop in different levels, from single atoms and molecules to final populations, biocenoses and the biosphere. Ecology also surrounds the middle in the stench of living with the same problems. Ecology is connected with a wealth of other sciences in that it examines the organization of living organisms at a very high level, and traces the connections between organisms and their kin. Ecology is closely connected with sciences, such as biology, chemistry, mathematics, geography, physics.

2. What environmental problems do you see?

Confirmation. Environmental problems on the planet without personalities:

1. Greenhouse effect. The ozone depletion over the Arctic is growing, leading to the melting of ice caps and the rise of the level of the Light Ocean, and as a result - the flooding of many islands, dry land and their unsuitability for further residence.

2. Congestion in the air.

3. Congestion of the soil with the wastes of human life.

4. Cloudy water, more water becomes unsuitable for drinking and drinking.

5. The extinction of many species of creatures and growths.

6. Change of quantity with brown copalins.

7. Desertion of great territories, destruction of forests.

8. Shallow rivers and lakes.

9. Replacement of natural products with genetically modified ones.

3. Why is environmental knowledge necessary for the skin member of the family?

Confirmation. Ecological awareness not only provides scientific knowledge of ecology, but also an important basis for the environmental education of future specialists. This conveys the attachment of high ecological culture, the importance of careful attention to natural resources and others. Saving nature means saving the full life of people.

Ecological knowledge is necessary for the skin of people, so that the world of rich generations of thinkers about the creation of healthy people of the middle will emerge, for which it is necessary to have beautiful places, to develop the flooring thoroughly productive strength, so that the stench could ensure the harmony of people and nature. However, this harmony is impossible, since people are in tune with one another and, moreover, because there are wars, which, unfortunately, may be the place.

As the American ecologist B. Commoner rightly pointed out to the beginning of the 70s: “The search for any problem associated with an excessive environment leads to the obvious truth that the root cause of the crisis lies not in the way people interact with nature , and the fact is that they interact one with another... and that, they say, the light between people and by nature can transfer light between people.”

At this time, the spontaneous development of interactions with nature is becoming dangerous for the life of not only several objects, the territory of the region, but also for all humanity.

This is explained by the fact that people are closely connected with living nature, their activities, material and spiritual needs, and, in addition, to other organisms, connections have arisen of such proportions and forms that they can lead (and even lead!) to practical o permanent capture of the living crooked. planet (biosphere) in a life of daily cohabitation that has placed humanity on the brink of an ecological catastrophe.

The spontaneous development of this phenomenon can be suppressed by not knowing about those who care about them and, in the context of ecology, and by knowing the culprits of the “volodization of the masses”, accepting the greater part of the success that is possible only through the secret ecology Well, I will enlighten people who start at school and finish at university. .

Ecological knowledge makes it possible to understand the whole destructiveness of the war and the evils between people, and it is not just the death of some people and the influence of civilization, which will lead to a total ecological catastrophe, death in this humanity. Well, the most important thing from ecological minds is the existence of people and all living things - this is a peaceful life on Earth. The most guilty and depraved people are environmentally sanctified.

It would be unfair if the entire ecology were deprived of people. The depletion of the natural environment causes disastrous consequences for people’s lives. Ecological knowledge allows you to understand that humans and nature are one and the manifestations of his control over nature are primitive and primitive.

People are environmentally conscious of not allowing spontaneous events to become too commonplace in life. We are fighting against environmental barbarism, and since in our region there will be more such people, they will ensure a normal life for their people, deciding to protect wild nature from the greedy advance of the “savage” civilization ii, transforming and completely transforming civilization itself, being most “ecologically clean” Variants of mutual relations of nature and matrimony.

Russia and the SND countries have great respect for environmental lighting. The Interparliamentary Assembly of the member states of the SND adopted the Recommendation Legislative Act on Environmental Lighting of the Population (1996) and other documents, including the Concept of Ecological Lighting.

Environmental awareness, as stated in the preamble of the Concept, is intended to develop and consolidate thorough stereotypes of people’s behavior, directly on:

1) saving natural resources;

2) fear of unjustifiable confusion in an unnecessary middle class;

3) conservation of natural ecosystems everywhere;

4) in accordance with the standards of behavior and compliance adopted by the international partnership;

5) formation of a clear readiness to take an active part in the existing environmental projects and feasible financial support for them;

6) the implementation of comprehensive environmental protection measures and the current unified environmental policy of the SND.

At this time of the breakdown of environmental laws, it is possible to only raise the ecological culture of the skin member of the family to the proper height, and thus, first of all, through education, through teaching the fundamentals of ecology, which is especially important for the farmer in the field of science of technical directivity, in the first place for civil engineering engineers, engineers in chemical chemistry, petrochemicals, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, grub and additional industries, etc. bud. Behind the idea of ​​the authors, the date of the main development of the main directions of theoretical and applied ecology and the laying of the foundations of the ecological culture of the future fakhivtsa, based on the deep reasonable value and harmonious development of people and nature.

Meals after § 74

1. What does ecology mean?

Confirmation. For the foreign sense, ecology is a science that involves the mutual relations of organisms and their partnerships with their living conditions.

As an independent science, ecology was formed only in the 20th century, although facts, warehouses, and places, as it was meant, have gained the respect of people since ancient times. The importance of ecology as a science has only recently begun to be understood. It is explained that this is due to the fact that the increase in the population of the Earth and the influx of people who are growing in the natural environment have placed him in front of the need to implement a number of new important tasks in life. To satisfy their needs in water, water, and the pure world, people need to know how nature is governed and how it functions in all its interconnections. Ecology still faces problems.

It should be remembered that ecology is a fundamental scientific discipline. I need to learn to understand the laws, concepts, and terms correctly. They also help people to find their place in a more balanced environment, to use natural resources correctly and rationally.

The other half of the 20th century saw its own “ecologicalization” of all modern science. This is connected with the awareness of the important role of environmental knowledge, with the understanding that human activity often not only causes harm to the environment, but also, by negatively influencing it, changes the minds of people’s lives and threatens the birth of humanity.

Since during its early history ecology was a warehouse of biology, today’s ecology consumes a very wide range of food and is closely intertwined with a whole range of low-tech sciences, especially such as biology (botany and zoologist iya), geography, geology, physics, chemistry, genetics, mathematics, medicine, agronomy, architecture, etc.

At this time in ecology there is a low level of scientific knowledge in the following disciplines: population ecology, geographical ecology, chemical ecology, industrial ecology, ecology of plants, animals, people.

2. What is the role of ecology at this time and why does it need to be addressed?

Confirmation. Nature is not only complex, but we think about it, it is richly complex, but we can recognize it ourselves. The first law of ecology is to say: “No matter how much we work with nature, everything comes back to her with the same inheritances, often not passed on.”

However, the results of our activities can be transferred only by thoroughly analyzing the impact of the stench on nature. For an environmental analysis, which provides insight into the influx of people into the middle of nowhere and the identification of those between changing minds that can prevent an ecological crisis, it is necessary to gain knowledge of various sciences. Therefore, ecology becomes the theoretical basis for the rational utilization of natural resources.

Current ecology is a universal, rapidly developing, complex science that is of great practical importance for all people. Ecology is a science of the future and, perhaps, the very foundation of mankind is dependent on the progress of this science.

3. What kind of science do you know about ecology?

Confirmation. The main directions of daily ecology:

Applied ecology;

Bioecology;

Geoecology;

Human ecology (social ecology).

Based on the knowledge you have, prepare a story about the relationships that formed between human nature and nature at various stages in the development of human civilization.

Confirmation. Relationships between people and marriages with families have developed historically. Since at the dawn of human civilization any influx into nature was compensated by the actions of the most strained structures of the biosphere, then over time the anthropogenic influx began to cause great harm. For the data of E. V. Girusova (1976) and E. J. Rezhabek (1986), in the history of mutual relationships between people, nature and marriage, there are three main stages:

manual production from stagnant natural sources of energy;

machine generation from the stagnation of piecemeal energy sources;

automated production from piecemeal methods of processing and obtaining information.

The first stage of connection with the so-called “Neolithic revolution”, in the course of which humanity began to fight the fire and flow into nature, which allowed them to change the Dovkill. This period lasted nearly five thousand years. This hour is undergoing a gradual transition from a pre-possessed dominion (harvesting and watering) to a vibrating one (agriculture and bestiality). The history of civilization is explained by environmental crises and revolutions.

The transition to the preparation of food, the production of clothes and the production of cultic and living places from the hardening of piece shells will be very difficult. By giving people the opportunity to change their social status. At this time, incomparable mechanical conditions were created that were destroyed by the physical strength of people, domestic animals, wind and water engines. Tim, no less, regardless of the primitiveness of technology, at this time the greatest disputes were created, such as the Egyptian pyramids, ancient palaces and temples. The need for a great amount of energy was realized primarily by the military army of slaves and in the smaller world by various mechanical attachments. The need to develop new areas for farming and animal husbandry necessitated large-scale and intensive cutting down of forest areas and the introduction of the slurry-burnt method of farming. The destruction of forests in areas of tropical and subtropical climates - areas most favorable for human habitation - led to the desertion of the territory. This period is associated with the rise and expansion of irrigation work.

Another stage of the interaction between people and the nature of relations with the industrial revolution of the 18th-19th centuries. It is characterized by a transition to machine generation from stagnant technology of piece energy sources (steam, then electricity). Therefore, metallurgy, factory production, and mechanical transport were actively developing. The expansion of the area under agriculture and cattle ranching, resulting in a growing population, also accompanied the desertion of some territories and the development of new ones. The development of ironwork and metallurgy associated with intensive felling of forests (the forest was spent on the production of wood vugill, which was used as a fastening and building material). Near the village, vugilla was replaced by kamyana, and the girnic industry began to expand again. After about an hour, the vougill stones, and then rare flammable diggings, began to ignite to recover thermal energy. Thus, during this period of nature, mankind created a new clear transition from “exploitation” of just the surface to “exploitation” above the Earth on a significant scale (S.V. Klubiv, L.L. Prozorov, 1993).

The third stage, which began in the first quarter of the 20th century, is associated with the current scientific and technological revolution. It is characterized by the re-creation of productive forces with the focus on the re-creation of science to promote development. This is not only the development of nuclear energy and nuclear industry, but also the search for non-traditional energy sources, the development of chemical industry, including the production of polymers, composites and other materials from the with them powers unknown in nature, complex automation of production, widespread use of information-computational and microprocessor technology, the development of a wide range of electronic devices, the creation of new types of transport and communication, the development of new laser, plasma and membrane technologies, the development of biotechnology, the wider exploration of space for the production of virulence, communication, purposeful directing y search of the ancestries of the coral copalinas and the development of the complex of approaches to bury the unnecessary center.

For example, XX century. Many traditional resources for human progress have lost their significant value. The main resource of scientific and technological progress and socio-economic development of world power is information. A well-established range of information and computing systems and computers today play the same role as electrification, telephone installation, radio and television previously played. Information contributes to the rapid development of science and technology, and plays an important role in the processes of maintaining public order, cultural consolidation of buyers, and the peaceful protection of life. Information is an inexhaustible resource of light power. Zhidno I. I. Yuzvishin (1996), information is a mysterious, never-ending legal process of fundamental bonds, connections, interactions and interdependencies of energy, flow, mass, micro-structure of macrostructures of the World. The need to process information flows, which have grown sharply, has revealed the song of limiting the capabilities of the human psyche. The smell began to arise as a result of the loss and widespread deterioration of electronic cybernetic devices (computers).

At the skin stage of interaction with nature, mankind, on a larger scale, sought to obtain it as an object of obtaining material values ​​and satisfying its material needs. Differences between nature and people, or, as they are usually called, conflicts, ecological crises began long before the Neolithic revolution. The reason for the occurrence of one of the first ecological crises in the history of mankind was the unreasonable activity of the first people, which caused the rapid extinction of the rich people of the late Paleolithic. Mammoths, mastodons, bison, weasels and other great creatures were at that time the main objects of watering (I. P. Gerasimov, 1985; M. I. Budiko, 1977). In the near future, the decline of animals and the destruction of forests occurred on a larger scale. This is no less wide and beautifully furnished field of the Assyrian kings for elephants, witches, wild boars and ostriches near the river basin. Euphrates, as well as numerous, often large-scale clearings on the great forests, felling of forests on the skhila mountains near the edges of the Mediterranean (Greece, Italy). Starting from 1600 rub. Until now, more than 160 species and subspecies of birds have been condemned by humans, and another 400 species are threatened with extinction. Over 100 species of grasshoppers have been extirpated, and another 225 species are also threatened with extinction (S.V. Klubiv, L.L. Prozorov, 1993).

The primary human being is small in relation to the great beggarly power - fire. The classic example is the guilt of forests and the guilt of desert landscapes and deserts of the Sahara. One of the reasons for the death of the Mayan power in the New World is the loss of land as a result of the stagnation of the sowing-and-burnt farming system. The agriculture of the riverine civilizations caused a profound change in landscapes. Already at the beginning of the 5th millennium BC. Irrigation and reclamation work began to be carried out in Mesopotamia. The 3rd millennium BC That is, similar work was carried out in China and India, in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. - near the Amudara valley. This led to the development of agriculture, which devastated the natural landscapes. Ancient civilizations devastated the natural resources of the Mediterranean, and the greatest ancient wars and the collapse of great empires were caused by the degradation of the soil cover and the development of erosion. According to the evidence of active ecologists, almost 5 million km2 of cultivated lands were destroyed due to the fault of people on earth.

The degradation of the natural environment has been intensified in the past due to the guilt, further development and improvement of the hernic system. Already the 7th century BC. That is, in Greece they began to excavate lead-timber diggings, and the depth of the mines often reached 100 m. The scale of the Girsky mines, excavated at the dawn of the Paleolithic, is impressive. The stinks of the Rotted Whites of the Netherlands. Credential species have the inclusion of silicon nodules of different shapes and sizes. The stench itself was the object of the video. The silicon nodules obtained from the first mines were crushed and flint shells were prepared using the process of smelting. More than 500 thousand were detected in our first-rate masterminds. preparations of stone juices. All that can be said is that in the early Paleolithic there were direct rumors and a kind of rock-silver. Most of all, the bottles of stone orchard in the first mine have been spinning for centuries. From the XIII century. in Europe, and then in other countries, gunpowder began to be cured for the passage of fire chambers. And this accelerated the degradation of the natural environment in the localities. On one side, the outlets from the production bottle and the refining and the gunpowder itself were clogged with streams and rivers, and on the other side, near the site of the production bottle, empty pores grew.

However, in addition to the negative influences on the natural environment, there are also positive sides to the development of the hernic system. The great progress in the development of metallurgy gave rise to a widespread transition from the extraction of wooden coal to the hardening of stone stone. Rozrobki vugilnyh clans of the 17th century. In England, it was true that a lot of forested areas were destroyed due to repeated felling. The larger-than-life open-pit quarries of coal genera began to cause great harm to landscapes and underground waters in increasing sizes.

Historically, it has happened that to this day we can hear and resist one another in the same way about the mutuality of people and marriage with other people. These are the concepts of environmental protection activities, technocratic optimism, environmental alarmism and parity between nature and marriage (S.V. Klubiv, L.L. Prozorov, 1993).

Nature concept. The deterioration of the natural environment, which is to be guarded against, and, as a result, the deterioration of the material state of human marriage, attracted the singing of antidotes. To the desecration of the natural world, especially forest areas, with respect to Peter I, who issued a special decree on the protection of forests. For example, from the 19th century. Russia has begun to implement the idea of ​​protecting wildlife areas. The first reserves and protected territories began to be created. Already on the cob of the XX century. Russia had a hard time trying to improve the “world’s protection of nature.” Under the Russian Geographical Council, a special so-called Environmental Commission was created. The environmental movement is connected with the alarming scientific enormity about the share of wild creatures and plants. Geographer, anthropologist, ethnographer and archaeologist, professor at Moscow University D. N. Anuchin (1843-1923) stood on this movement. Having understood the complexity of the mutual relationship between man and nature, from a scientific point of view, we approached this in a new direction and introduced the scientific term “anthroposphere”. The research carried out under the auspices of the CEPS (Commission of Natural Productive Forces) played a great role in preserving nature.

The remaining decades of the 20th century. The continuity and tension between nature and marriage have become so strong, and the harm that nature seems to have become so great that in the current marriage a wide ecological flow will flare up. It’s important, as we began the 20th century, to save nature, to save it from the destructive influx of people, the technical equipment of which is increasing due to the fate of the skin. Let us present as a representative of this directly the American opinion and transformation of the optimist R. Dubos. In my opinion, we are going to eliminate the friction between humans and the nature that lies in the so-called “domesticated” biosphere. We are committed to preserving natural landscapes in their pristine state and ensuring the vitality of all biosphere systems without the use of fresh resources.

The real successes of the movement for saving nature will be limited to the development and stagnation of separate approaches to the protection of species of creatures and plants that are known, the transformation of natural territories into nature reserves, to the speeding up of unprofitable crops and other wastes. yen. We are talking about the establishment of reserves and territories that are especially protected, which today occupy more than a few hundred acres of land. All the same, daily systemic and global approaches want to break down numerical programs for the protection of both adjacent territories and other parts of geospheres. Before them, it is possible to eliminate the emissions of chlorine and fluorine elements (freons), reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide, and a whole series of other events related to the emissions of anthropogenic gases into the atmosphere and obstruction of water systems.

The concept of technocratic optimism. This concept is based on the concept of the insufficiency of natural resources, their renewal and the external dominance of people over nature. Regardless of the obviousness of the negative legacies of scientific and technological progress, if in the eyes of one or two generations the anthropogenic degradation of ecosystems has reached great proportions and periodically develops from local crises to interregional catastrophes, this The concept is gaining great popularity. The deterioration of the ecological situation is more ruinous in large territories and depends on the viability of numerous ecosystems. Coming from this, part of the scientific community of the various regions, having realized the necessity and inevitability of the progressive evolution of nature in the name of a prosperous people, brought its positive attitude to the fore.

For several decades, the Radian science was obsessed with the idea of ​​direct recovery of natural resources for the population. This idea was directly based on the theoretical basis and development of a fragmented long-term plan for the re-creation of nature. The private development plan was prompted by local and regional environmental crises. Examples of such a negative transformation include the project “to regulate the flow of freshwater and Siberian rivers” by creating a cascade of power plants and systems of the largest water drains in their valleys, and another project to transfer part of the flow of freshwater rivers to afternoon, everyday life rowing and great reservoirs at the bottom of the largest Siberian The river, located at the bottom of the Oba and Yenisei, which, behind the flood plain, richly overturned the areas of some European powers and other similar projects.

Now it’s time to highlight the positive aspects of your plan. So, the plans of the root nature are also to create systems of forest-dry smog in the modern European parts of Russia, which allowed them to break down the crops from the drought conditions, to avoid large-scale erosion Soils, carry out reclamation activities then.

The ideas of the transformation of nature were widely propagated, leading to one of the founders of the environmental movement in our region, A. D. Armand, succumbing to their calmness and becoming a promoter of the ideas of “constructive transformation of nature.” We respect the possibilities and promote the necessary global change of natural landscapes for the benefit of humanity. On Earth, in my opinion, there are no undisturbed territories. The most important part is that nearly 90% of the earth's surface is subject to succumbing to the food needs of humans. Approximately 9% must be brought under recreation, creating an environment that is close to natural. And less than 1% of the requirement will be deprived of reserves and national parks.

Technocratic views of the re-creation of nature and the interaction of nature, our partnership and people in power are important to American scientists. They shy away from the power of technology and provide a theoretical basis for it.

According to the American scientist D. Yellul (1974), technology is subject to powerful laws, and there are technological laws and patterns that closely differ from natural ones.

For the modern concept of technocratic optimism, replacing the excessive approach to the “root nature”, new calls began to sleep before its transformation and management of it, which can lead to the ennoblement of the middle class. I. R. Prigozhin and I. Stengers (1986) reveals the genesis and replacement of such techno-optimism with the coming rite: “Until the leitmotif of the world, which has ceased to cry out in reverent worship, is dominated by another leitmotif - pandering over too much light. The light, before which you do not feel reverence, makes it easier to carry on. Be it a science about the richness of the world behind a single theoretical plan and reduce the incredible wealth and diversity of natural phenomena to the gloomy monomany of the reporting of hidden laws, this itself becomes an instrument of domination, and a human being, a complete stranger to the world, acts as the ruler of this world.”

In fact, the mature concept of technocratic optimism led to the development and partial implementation of such global projects as the development of gas fields in Yamal, the development of naphtha fields on the Barents Sea shelf and the Sakhalin shelf, the development of naphtha the largest naphtha clans of Zakhidny Sibir, Zalizny Siberian and before the development of the giant clans of Kursk magnetic anomaly, before the establishment of pulp and paper mills on Baikal and Angara and in.

The concept of parity between nature and marriage

This concept is still at the stage of development and is often called the concept of development. First of all, there was a call to the development of the former formulations at the conference from the excessive middle ground and the development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The unity of nature and people has been repeatedly demonstrated by scientific developments since the 18th century, and nowadays it is abundantly confirmed by practice. The French zoologist J. Dorst (1968) wrote: “It is symptomatic that humanity is wasting even more energy and wealth from the victims of their own activities, in fact, they are protecting themselves. Sometimes it seems that we live in an absurd world, otherwise we would not have violated the laws of nature against ourselves.” Dorst has repeatedly expressed respect for the need to protect landscapes to ensure a harmonious background of life. To solve the problem, it is necessary to overcome the constant antagonism between “conservationists” and “economists”. The first responsibility, in my opinion, is to come to terms with the fact that for their well-being, people need to conduct intensive agriculture, desperately and profoundly transform the workings of nature.

Advocates of technical civilization should know that people cannot but be bound by biological laws and that the rational exploitation of natural resources does not have to go beyond their theft. In J. Dorst's opinion, without achieving effective mutual relations between economists and biologists, it is possible to achieve a healthy solution to the problem and ensure the rational development of humanity in greater harmony with the laws of nature.

Adherents of the harmonious development of nature and cohabitation respect the entirely insufficient and thoroughly reconciled thought of adherents of the concept of technocratic optimism about those who have more than one hundred unoccupied protected territories of the Earth completely sufficient for the founding of humanity. The founder of the Club of Rome, A. Peccei, proposes that the territory of the earth's surface should be divided in the same proportion: 80% to be a part of nature, 10% - to a rural state and 10% - to a part of urbanized industrial complexes. Among other propositions, there is great encouragement for the idea of ​​dividing the entire surface of the Earth into equal parts. One will be deprived of nature, the other will be given to the rural state, and the other will be given to urbanized territories - industrial complexes and populated areas.

In the face of major environmental problems, both globally and regionally, the problem of pollution is lost. This is not just a clouding of the wind and water medium, but a change in the global and regional climate, a depletion of the ozone layer.

Born in 1991 The book “Saving the Earth. Strategy of a new life”, in which over 300 representatives of various countries from all continents took part in the preparation. In this work the original meaning of the concept of “stable development” is introduced. This is “a reduction in the quality of life of people who live between the non-continuous capacity of supporting ecosystems. A sustainable economy is a product of development, it is supported by the resource base and develops through the process of adaptation and through the development of knowledge, organization, technical efficiency and wisdom.”

At the end, it is significant that in the remaining quarter of the 20th century. The world's scientific community is increasingly paying attention to such problems as the collapse of ecosystems, revealing their role in the biosphere, to come to awareness of the need to preserve the biological diversity of ecosystems, and to look at problems between species. the growth and development of the Earth, synergistically weaving the biosphere and geosphere of the Earth as a whole as a system and simultaneously in There is no mutual connection between them. Indicates the need to change views on reasonableness and care for nature, and also views modern technologies as just one of the elements of the growing environmental problems and current development (K. S. Losev, 2 001).

In the interaction between people and nature, we see three uneven stages: the stage of manual generation from the accumulation of natural energy sources, the stage of machine generation from the accumulation of piecemeal energy sources, and the stage of automated generation. Through the use of artificial methods, the extraction and extraction of information is obtained. Ecological crises began with the decline of human civilization and the rise of the world and the strengthening of powers of powers, the development of industry and science. At this time, there are several groups of concepts of mutual relations between people, nature and prosperity: the environmental concept, the concept of technocratic optimism, the concept of environmental alarmism and the concept of parity between nature and sustainability. flattery. All concepts have both positive and negative sides. The investigation of the Club of Rome and especially the series of testimonies from Friend Meadows played a great role in environmental policy. They gave three scenarios for the development of the natural environment, which will end in a crisis situation, which may be followed by a catastrophic development of the situation. Nina has great respect for the concept of parity between nature and marriage, which is sometimes called “sustainable development,” but it would be more correct to call it harmonious development.

Ecology of living. Environmental problems are now extremely urgent. A large number of pennies are spent on this decision, but

Environmental problems are now extremely urgent. A lot of pennies are wasted on this decision, without any significant positive results, and in addition, natural phenomena are no longer under the control of everyday people.

For a significant number of hours, human civilization has been trying to eliminate the imbalance in nature, however, without apparent success. The emergence of the “green” rukh fell on the second half of the last century – at the same time there was awareness of the fact that “civilization” changes are global and affect all living organisms without guilt. “Greenpies” acted and actively fought against the depletion of forests, various species of creatures that were preyed upon by poachers, and food for the protection of nature. Representatives of the Greenpeace organization also tried to convey to everyone the importance of instilling love in nature among people in school. In addition to the environmental awareness of the stench, they carried out active environmental propaganda, the most important element of their activities is eco-tourism.

In Russia, the representation of the organization has been lost in 1970s. Greenpeace's areas of activity are usually called projects. The branch of the Russian Federation is working on a dozen projects, including volunteer, forestry, toxic, energy, “Ecodom” and others. The work of the “greens” here seems to be effective, but due to the efforts of environmentally conscious people, it is not enough to radically change the situation.

Much of the region’s population respects the fact that environmental problems are worse – including industrial waste that wastes too much of the environment, as well as the regeneration of household waste. I want ecological culture In fact, it is of great importance for the “correct” mutual nature of human marriage, which is generally understood, regardless of the magnitude of the type of information.

The inconceivable problems that plague people’s influx into nature arise from a poorly formed ecology, relying on the success of these and other things.

Only a few realize that they are now joining the forces of nature, correcting the environmental situation, leading a similar way of life, and that ecological culture is very important for the well-being of humanity.

At the moment, there are very current researches about living technologies, as well as strategies that require environmental development. Although there are plenty of them, supporters of skin technology and strategy agree on the idea that without forming eco-consciousness, it is impossible to achieve environmentally conscious specialness. In this case, there is no single approach to the task of preschool education, which is the basis for further knowledge. Wanting the need for a cultivated personality that is inspired by humanity, which is filled with environmental knowledge, to be able to understand the value of every human being and every living thing, as we love, express our feelings, No matter how good you feel or feel, everything is just as great.

There are still a lot of people who are trying to live in nature and live harmoniously with it; the connections between it and nature are weakening, which influences the way of life of children and their children.

From the first months of life, a child’s skin needs to be carefully tuned to nature and love to it. The ubiquity of information is the one that will lead our planet to destruction, and at the same time humanity will die with it. Thus, ecological culture can become one of the priority directions for the education of the younger generation.

To help groom the child correctly so that it grows in an environmentally friendly way, parents can provide additional lighting - environmental centers for children. Nina such a word as “ecology” is due to its popularity among the creators of various projects in the field of lighting. The science of human interaction also forms the basis for the implementation of environmental conferences created by various groups. Once an ecological culture (its foundations) is formed among the younger generation, children begin to be carefully placed in the middle of nowhere.

In order to formulate the “base” of ecoculture for preschoolers and schoolchildren, the necessary singing forms, methods of work. Such an important task cannot be achieved without the creation of minds that can combine with the objects of nature.

The main goal of what is being organized in eco-centers is to connect young eco-ideas and deal with the problems of nature in order to ensure that it makes the right decisions, which we are now dealing with.

Today, it is important to re-evaluate the importance and role of ecology both in the life of an entire family and in the life of every individual. This is how the planet will become dependent both on commercial companies that generate tons of output quickly, and on the individual who profit from the benefits of civilization.

A little bit of history

Throughout history, humanity has developed and, at the same time, the concept of a supernatural world has developed from it. Even early, people realized that natural gifts need to be used wisely, without disturbing the natural balance between people and the planet.

This is confirmed by small villagers, as they say the interest of people to the point of death.

From later data it is clear that conservation of nature was actively practiced in Ancient Greece, where the Meskans protected the beauty of natural forests.

Today's look

Infection ecology is perceived as a science that studies the interaction of living organisms with each other, and instructs the living organisms.

Any organism that lives on the planet is subject to the influx of many factors: friendly and unfriendly. All these factors can be mentally divided into two groups: biotic and abiotic. Among the biotic we can include those that resemble living nature; to abiotic - those that are not living nature. For example, an orchid that grows on the bark of a tree is an example of symbiosis, which is a biotic factor, and the axis is directly the wind and the weather that flows into these two organisms, which is also an abiotic factor. Everything is created by the natural evolution of living organisms on the planet.

But here there is another important aspect that flows into the frame of the superfluous middle class - either the anthropogenic factor or the human factor. The destruction of forests, the turning of rivers in a different direction, the growth and development of brown copalins, the release of various toxins and other waste products - everything flows into those mediums where they are vibrated. As a result, biotic and abiotic factors in this territory are aware of changes, and actions from them are completely aware.

In order to regulate the changes of the Dokville, we have now identified the main issues that may govern ecology itself: the development of the laws of the reasonable use of natural resources, centered on the fundamental principles of organizing life, and its Environmental problems are becoming increasingly common.

For this reason, ecologists have seen four basic laws:

1. everything is connected;
2. knows nothing from nowhere;
3. nature knows best;
4. Nothing comes easy.

It would seem that the adoption of all these rules would not lead to a reasonable and harmonious flow of natural gifts, but, unfortunately, we are wary of a different trend in the development of this sphere.

Why are you so excited? Why is the role of ecology in the lives of many people still lost on another level? Whatever the external problem, it is less than a reflection of human knowledge. Most of the stories don’t suspect those who are after the results of their wasted life.

Aspects of nature that are affected by anthropogenic factors

The rapid increase in the subsistence way of life has led to an unreasonable depletion of natural resources. The rapid development of scientific and technological progress, the large-scale growth of agricultural activity - all this has increased the negative flow on nature, which has led to a serious disruption of the ecological situation on the entire planet. Let's look at the main natural aspects that are most similar to the ecological crisis.

Povitrya

Once there was a different atmosphere on the Earth, then it became so that sourness appeared on the planet, and behind it aerobic organisms emerged, such as those that feed on this gas.

Absolutely all aerobic substances should lie in the sourness, so that in the wind, and our yakness should lie in our livelihood. Everyone already knows in schools that plants are vibrating, so, given the current trend of deforestation of forests and the active increase in the human population, it is not important to guess to what extent the fauna is depleted. This is just one of the aspects that flows into the atmosphere of our planet. In reality, everything is more complicated, especially in populated areas, where the concentration of toxic substances exceeds medical standards tenfold.

Water

The next most important aspect of our life is water. The human body is composed of 60–80% water. 2/3 of the earth's surface is made up of water. Oceans, seas, rivers are gradually becoming crowded with people. Every day we “drive” the light ocean with oil from marine industries. Nafta's flames threaten the lives of sea bastards. Not to mention the Smith Islands, which continually drift along the surface of the oceans and seas.

Fresh water is the most resistant to the revelations of human ignorance. Sewage water, various toxins such as mercury, lead, pesticides, ashes and a lot of other “important” chemicals are now released in rivers and lakes.

Earth

The main foundation of the life of the earth is the soil. Apparently, in order for the Earth to create one centimeter of black soil, it will need about 300 rocks. Nina has one centimeter of such dear soil, in the middle, a gin for three years.

Climate

The combination of existing environmental problems leads to climate change. The climate can be improved for the health of the planet. When the “organs” of the Earth suffer, there will be a direct impact on the climate. We already foresee a variety of anomalies due to climate change due to anthropogenic factors. The introduction of people into the activity of nature has led to a sharp warming or cooling in the northern zones, to the movement of the ocean level through the stream of ice caps, to an abnormal number of falls or their abundance, as well as to strong including natural disasters and much more.

The main point is not a focus on the list of problems, but rather an understanding of the reasons for their guilt, as well as the concentration of effective methods and methods for their improvement.

Areas of our life that are covered by ecology

What is the role of ecology in everyday life? It’s absolutely skin-friendly, which we all care about every day, every second of our lives; Without what could life, such as it is now, be impossible to live without?

Healthy

Healthy as a designer, there are a lot of parts that should be stored in your place. Such officials are impersonal, their main ones are known to everyone - this is the way of life, food, the activity of people, their alien people, and the middle ground, where they live. Ecology and human health are closely related. If there is damage on one side, then the other reacts accordingly.

A person who lives in the city runs the risk of becoming seriously ill many times more than a person who lives in the city.

life

When a person eats incorrectly, her speech metabolism is disrupted, which can lead to serious health problems. It is important to remember that this damage may be visible in future generations.

The main problem for human health is chemical substances, minerals, pesticides that crop up in agricultural fields, as well as the use of natural additives and barberries to improve the appearance of products, preservatives for health The new term is saving products and much more.

There is a risk of addition of important metals and other elements that are unfriendly to the human body, such as mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, manganese, tin and others.

The feed of poultry and great horned thinness contains toxins that can cause cancer, impaired metabolism, blindness and other serious illnesses.

To protect yourself and your loved ones, you must be careful about the products you buy. Please follow the symbols on the packaging. Do not support the producers, who are your share and the part of our planet. Pay special attention to E-additions with three-digit numbers, the meanings of which can be easily found on the Internet and thereby live a longer and happier life.

Liveliness and mood

Health and food quality are the primary factors of human activity and vitality. As we all know, all these factors can be connected with the state of ecology on our planet, which is completely dependent. Leading a healthy way of life, doing yoga and self-discovery, it’s simply impossible to stay in the middle of too much. When we are in nature, exposed to fresh air, clean, home-grown products, our life changes its vibrancy. The body of the mind also transforms, as a result of which the mood and the goal of living a life are harmonized.

Karma

Everything in this world is natural; everything that we care about, no matter how it is, comes back to us, and then it has no meaning. As we talk about ourselves and about the world, where we live, save resources, think about nature, live according to our conscience, then the ecological situation on the planet improves - and we will not have to pay for the power of recklessness and disrespect.

Live informed, eat healthy - only natural products, - remember to recycle and recycle waste products, use what you need - then your life and the life of our entire planet will be better! Great things begin with small things!

Ecology is the science of the interaction between the growing world, the created world and humanity among themselves and the surrounding environment.

What does ecology mean?? Objects of ecological study can include populations, canopies, families, biocenoses, etc. In this case, the interactions between various organisms and their flow into natural systems are monitored.

Ecological problems

The main environmental problems are:

• Blame flora and fauna;
• irrational species of copal copalines;
• obstruction of the light ocean and atmosphere;
• drainage of the ozone sphere;
• the disappearance of native lands;
• depletion of natural landscapes.

History of environmental development

To ask: What is ecology? There were reports long before our era, when people first began to think about the abundance of the world and people’s interaction with it. This topic was discussed in the treatises of ancient times by Aristotle and Hippocrates.

The term “ecology” was coined in 1866 by the German teachings of E. Haeckel, who described living and inanimate nature in his work “Galna morphology”.

Start the development

There are 4 stages in the development of ecology.

Stage I. The first stage of connection with the work of ancient philosophers and their scientists, who collected information about the world, learned the basics of morphology and anatomy.

Stage II. Another stage began with the advent of the term “ecology” in science, during which Darwin actively worked, with his evolutionary theory, natural selection, which became the central food for ecological science in those days.

Stage III. The third stage is characterized by accumulated information and systematization. Vernadsky creates a miracle about the biosphere. The first guides and brochures on ecology appear.

Stage IV. The fourth stage is closely related to the massive expansion of environmental principles and laws in all countries. Free food has become an environmental problem of international importance. Ecology is now dealing with these problems and searching for the optimal solution.

The basic environmental laws were formulated by Barrie Commoner and sound like this:

First law- Everything is connected with everything.

These people are always fighting in the camp of Dovkill, incessantly harmless and merciless. Before the law, the gateway link of this influx is identified and people.

Another law- everything has somewhere to go.

The cost of food is very high when it comes to waste disposal. This law confirms that it is not enough to simply create waste dumps; it is necessary to develop technologies for its processing, otherwise the heritage will not be transferred.

Third law- nature “knows” better.

There is no need to try to wake up nature under you, massive felling of trees, drying hurts, trying to treat natural phenomena will not lead to anything good. Everything created before man has undergone a lot of testing on the path of evolution, and very few people have survived to this day;

Fourth Law- Nothing comes for free.

This law reminds people that they need to rationally utilize natural resources. By skimping on the protection of too much of the middle, humanity is doomed to illness due to the loss of water, wind, and hedgehogs.

Environmental protection

1. Vivchenya pour in the life of the organisms that live with her.
2. Understanding the role of humans and the anthropogenic in the natural system.
3. Investigation of adaptation mechanisms to the bright minds of the middle class.
4. Preserving the integrity of the biosphere.
5. Development of rational plans for the recovery of natural resources.
6. The forecast for the unpleasant effects of Dovkill during the anthropogenic influx.
7. Protection of nature and renewal of waste natural systems.
8. Propaganda among the population of culture of behavior, a strong approach to nature.
9. Development of technologies that can solve the main environmental problems - pollution of wind, water, accumulation of unprocessed sludge.

How does ecology flow into people?

There are three types of influx of excess fluid into the human body:

• Abiotic- Actions of inanimate nature.
• Biotic- The influx of living essences.
• Anthropogenic- Human heritage is flowing in.

The freshness of the day, the water is clean and mild to ultraviolet light, has a pleasant influx on people. Keeping an eye on creatures and making friendship with them is aesthetically pleasing.

The hostile influx is closely related to the activity of the people themselves. Contaminated with chemical, toxic substances, the wind will keep you healthy. It is good for the soil, the depletion of crops by natural means, the introduction of growth stimulants are negatively associated with the soil, as we inherit products with a high content of toxins, which leads to the development of the pathology of the thyroid gland.

Why should we save the environment?

We are driven by modern technology to make life easier and more comfortable. Everyday we travel through transport, mobile phones and a lot of other speeches that are gradually destroying Dovkill. Next, this refers to the health of the population and the triviality of life.

Today's ecology is in a state of flux: natural resources are running out, many species of creatures and plants are on the verge of extinction, acidity is becoming more common, the number of ozone depletions is increasing, etc.

This unfavorable situation leads to changes in ecosystems such that areas become unsuitable for habitation by people and animals. The number of cancers, heart pathologies, disorders of the nervous system, and respiratory organs is increasing. Children with congenital birth defects and chronic illnesses (bronchial asthma, allergies) are becoming more and more common.

Humanity may begin to think about its wasteful influx into the excess world and begin to solve global environmental problems. People can’t live without sour gases, but every day we are becoming more and more overwhelmed by people: exhaust gases, waste from industrial enterprises.

Water shortage will lead to the extinction of all creatures and vegetation, changing the climate. Clean water is necessary for people who may die from illness or serious illnesses transmitted through water.

Therefore, every person needs to take care of the problem, starting with cleaning the yard, the street, checking the technical state of the car, and updating the rules for recycling waste. People must force the ruin of their powerful home, otherwise the threat of life on the planet will become real.

Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences M. Moiseev.

We continue the series of articles by academician Mikita Mikolayovich Moiseev, published by the magazine almost like a bygone era. Considering the future, his philosophical notes “About the necessary risks of the future civilization”, published in No. 12, 1997. In the first issue of this year, Academician Moiseev spoke with an article, as he himself noted, as the thoughts of a pessimistic optimist, “What can we say about Russia in the future?” With this material, the magazine has introduced a new section, “View from the 21st Century.” Here we are publishing a new article, its topic is one of the most pressing problems of the current world - the protection of nature and the ecology of civilization.

A plot of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia.

The entire extent of the reef is empty. Z

A pint of synthetic waste in one of Chicago's sewage canals. At the same time, detergents are not susceptible to the development of bacteria and are preserved in water for a long time.

Sulfur gas, which is located in the smoke, is released by fertilization, completely reducing the growth on this mountain. Nina learned to catch and extract gases for industrial needs.

Water extracted from the earth's surface irrigated the mud dunes. And in the desert of Moyave a new place grew.

The beating of buffaloes during the love season is evidence of the fact that animals have recently become extinct, and people have regenerated and feel completely better.

The birth of the discipline

Today, the term “ecology” has become even more widely used, from different perspectives (both right and wrong). This process is probably irrevocable. However, the supernaturally expanded concept of “ecology” and its inclusion in the jargon is still unacceptable. So, for example, it seems that the locality has a “poor ecology.” Wislov is blind, because ecology is a scientific discipline and one for all humanity. You can talk about the nasty environmental situation, about unfriendly environmental minds, about those who are qualified ecologists in the area, but not about the nasty ecology. It’s so stupid, to say the least, that arithmetic or algebra is rotten.

I will try to understand the scheme of methodologically interconnected people in this darkened word. І show what can be a valid position for a specific activity.

The term "ecology" is used within the framework of biology. Its author was E. Haeckel, former professor at the University of Jena (1866). Ecology was initially viewed as a part of biology, which involves the interaction of living organisms, which is also part of the biology. Later, the concept of “ecosystem” appeared in the countries, and in the SRSR - “biocenosis” and “biogeocenosis” (in the era of academician U. M. Sukachov). These terms are almost identical.

So the axis – initially the term “ecology” means discipline, which leads to the evolution of fixed ecosystems. Nowadays, in foreign ecology courses, the main focus is on the problems of the main biological plan. But this is not the case, because there is a sound at the edge of the object. Thus, life truly expands the range of problems posed by ecology.

New problems

The industrial revolution, which began in Europe in the 18th century, brought about many changes in the relationship between Nature and people. Until the dawn of time, people, like other living beings, were the natural warehouse of their ecosystem, fit into their circles of speeches and lived behind their laws.

Beginning with the Neolithic revolution, when agriculture was discovered, and then bestiality, people and Nature began to clearly change. The agricultural activity of people gradually creates artificial ecosystems, so-called agrocenoses, as they live under powerful laws: to maintain the stench, they rely on the constant direct action of people. Without handing over the stench, people cannot smell it. The people of the future are more drawn from the earthly ones above the bark copalinas. As a result of his activity, the nature of the circulation of streams in nature begins to change, the nature of the excessive middle ground begins to change. As the population grows and people's needs increase, the power of Dokville changes more and more.

People feel that their activity is necessary in order to adapt to the minds of life. But they don’t notice the stench, because they don’t want to notice that this adaptation is of a local nature, that far from forever, shortening the minds of life for themselves at any time, the stench of which is to reduce them for the clan, tribe, village, place, and for themselves maybe. So, for example, if you leave your own yard, you obstruct someone else’s, which turns out to be harmful for yourself. This is true not only for the small, but also for the great.

However, until the end of the day, all these changes were carried out in such a way that no one seriously thought about them. Human memory, of course, recorded great changes: Europe in the Middle Ages was covered with impenetrable forests, the endless steppes gradually turned into rivers, rivers shallowed, there were fewer animals and fish. And people knew that there was only one reason for this - Lyudina! But all these changes were made in full. The stench was clearly noticeable for more than a generation.

The situation began to change rapidly with the beginning of the industrial revolution. The main reasons for these changes were the production and production of hydrocarbon fuels - coal, naphtha, shale, and gas. And then - species of large quantities of metals and other brown copalins. At the circulation of rivers in nature, rivers began to turn on, stored with large biospheres - which were present in sedimentary rocks and already from the circulation. People began to talk about the appearance of these rivers in the biosphere as about the obstruction of water, wind, and soil. The intensity of the process of such confusion grew rapidly. The minds of life began to visibly change.

The plants and creatures were the first to observe this process. The number and, perhaps, diversity of the living world quickly became noticeable. In the other half of this century, the process of rotting Nature has especially accelerated.

I was impressed by the sheet to Herzen, writings by one of the residents of Moscow in the sixtieth rocks of the past century. I tell him verbatim: “Our Moscow River has gone crazy. Of course, you can still catch a pound of sturgeon, but you can no longer catch a sterlet, which my grandfather loved to treat to visitors.” That's right! And more than a hundred years have passed. On the banks of the river you can still catch fish with lures. And the person starts to vibrate and see the tile. But it is already so leaked with “products of human viral activity” that it seems to be in the gut.

The problem of dependence on one’s health, on the mind of one’s life, on the future of these changes in the natural environment, as a result of one’s own self, has arisen before people throughout their entire life.

Industrial ecology and monitoring

Well, human activity changes the nature of the middle world, and in most cases (not always, but in most cases) these changes have a negative impact on people. And it doesn’t matter why: after millions of rocks, your organism has succumbed to the singing minds of living. At the same time, any kind of activity - industry, agriculture, recreation - is the essence of life, the basis of your life. Well, people inevitably changed the characteristics of Dovkill. And then – look for ways to reach them.

Science is one of the main current practical directions of environmental activity: the creation of such technologies that have the least impact on the environment. The technologies that power this government are looming are called environmentally friendly. Science (engineering) disciplines that deal with the development of such technologies have been given the cryptic name of engineering and industrial ecology.

In the world, there is a development of industry, in the world, as people begin to understand that there is no stink in the environment created from waste waste, the role of these disciplines is gradually growing, and perhaps in every technical university at the same time Departments of industrial ecology will be established, focused on these issues Other varieties

Respectfully, as soon as the departures are made, so that the dowkill becomes more difficult, the less, the more quickly we will learn to use the outputs of one vyrobnitsa as the sire for another. This is how the idea of ​​“hopeless” experiments gets popular. Such production, or rather, such lancinus of production, prevails and another extremely important task: they protect the natural resources that vikoryst people use in their production activity. We also live on a planet surrounded by a large number of brown copalinas. You can’t forget about this!

Today's industrial ecology is plagued by a wide range of problems, and the problems are even more complex and not at all biological in nature. Here we speak more precisely about a whole range of low-engineering environmental disciplines: ecology of the hydronic industry, ecology of energy, ecology of chemical production, etc. One might think that the word “ecologist” is used differently “Iya” in those associated with these disciplines is not entirely competent. However, this is not the case. Such disciplines are even different in their specific place, but they are united by a secret methodology and a strong method: the extremely rapid influx of industrial activity in the process of the circulation of streams in Nature and obstruction too much of a middlebrow.

At the same time, with such engineering activity there arises the problem of assessment, which becomes another direction of practical activity of ecology. Therefore, you need to learn to see the significant parameters of the dowkill, develop methods for killing them, and create a system of standards for acceptable obstruction. I’ll guess that we can’t have any unfermented vyrobnitsev in principle! This is why the concept of GDC was born - the maximum permissible norms for the concentration of waste substances in the air, in the water, and in the ground.

This most important area of ​​activity is usually called environmental monitoring. The name is not entirely clear, since the word “monitoring” means vigilance, caution. Of course, it is very important to learn to measure these and other characteristics of the dowkill, but it is even more important to communicate them to the system. But the most important thing is to understand that we need to measure ourselves first, and, of course, to develop and establish the very norms of the Civil Code. It is necessary to know how these and other values ​​of the parameters of the biosphere affect human health and practical activity. And there is still a lot of incredible food here. Ariadne's thread has already been outlined - the health of the people. It is the final and supreme judge of all the activities of ecologists.

Zakhist Nature and ecology of civilization

All civilizations and all peoples have long been aware of the need for careful attention to Nature. In some - a larger world, in others - a smaller one. But the fact that the earth, rivers, forests and animals that linger in the new - the price of inevitable value, perhaps, the main value that Nature has, people have realized long ago. And the reserves disappeared, perhaps long before that, when the word “reserve” itself appeared. Thus, Petro the Great, who cut down the entire forest near Zaonezhzhia for the purpose of the fleet, blocked the forest from reaching the forests, which are located on the outskirts of the Kivach waterfall.

For a long time, the main practical tasks of ecology were reduced to the protection of too much of the environment. Even in the 20th century, the value of traditional mercifulness, which had begun to gradually fade away under the pressure of the industry that was developing, had already become insufficient. The degradation of Nature began to turn into a threat to the very life of marriage. This led to the emergence of special environmental laws, the creation of a system of reserves on the site of the famous Askania-Nova. A special science has emerged that explores the possibility of preserving relict plots of Nature and the population that is known of other living species. Little by little, people began to realize that the richness of Nature, the diversity of living species, would ensure the life and future of mankind itself. Today this principle has become basic. Nature has lived without humans for billions of years and now we can live without it, but we cannot replace the human condition with a valuable biosphere.

The problem of its survival of the Earth has been rising before humanity throughout its entire life. The future of our biological species will depend on nutrition. Humanity may be threatened by the share of dinosaurs. Because of this, the loss of the Earth’s many bounty hunters was caused by external reasons, and we may perish due to the inappropriate vigor of our power.

This problem itself is the central problem of modern science (although, perhaps, not everyone is aware of it yet).

Vivchennya Vlasnogo Budinka

The exact translation of the Greek word “ecology” means the cultivation of the powerful everyday life, the biosphere in which we live and, in part, what we live. In order to overcome the problems of human existence, it is necessary, first of all, to know the powerful everyday life and learn to live in the new! Live long, happily! And the concept of “ecology”, which was born and entered into the language of science back in the last century, was introduced only to one of the sides of the life of the burghers of our sleeping house. Classical (more precisely, biological) ecology is not a natural warehouse of that discipline, which we now call human ecology or current ecology.

The beginning of any knowledge, any scientific discipline - to violate the laws of the powerful budinka, that world, that dovkill, in which our sleeping lot lies. From this point of view, the entire totality of the sciences generated by the human mind, and the warehouse of the songless sciences about those how people live on Earth, which they are obliged to take care of their behavior in order not only to save themselves, but bake for your children in the future , onukam, to his people and to humanity as a whole. Ecology is a science straight from the future. And it will be based on the principle that the values ​​of tomorrow are no less important than the values ​​of today. This is a science about how to convey Nature, our sleeping home to our children and onuks, so that they can live a better and more comfortable life, for us! So that everyone can save all the necessities of people's lives.

Our home is one - everything is interconnected, and we need to combine the knowledge accumulated in various disciplines into a single coherent structure, which is the science of how humans are obliged to live on Earth, and how nature but calling people ecology is simply ecology.

Well, ecology is a systemic science, and it revolves around a number of other disciplines. However, this is not the only difference among traditional sciences.

Physicists, chemists, biologists, economists study a variety of phenomena. They sing in order to understand the nature of the phenomenon itself. Of course, out of interest, because people who are under the influence of these other problems will at first simply not understand how it works. And then he begins to think about how he would like to get the wheel he found. It’s very rare to think ahead about the stagnation of lost knowledge. Who in the world of nuclear physics ever thought about an atomic bomb? Chi Faraday assumed that what would lead to the fact that the planet would be covered with a power plant? This detachment of the investigator for the purposes of investigation is of deep significance. In mortgages by the evolution itself, as a matter of course, by the market mechanism. Know the head, and then in life you yourself will take what people need. Even the developments of the living world are revealed as follows: a skin mutation arises on its own, and there is no possibility of development, and no possible development. And then he chooses to work on his own: with the impersonality of mutation, he selects only those units that appear to be brown for what purpose. It’s the same in science: how many unsolicited volumes of books and magazines, to avenge the thoughts and revelations of followers, are found in libraries. And at one time the actions from them may turn out to be necessary.

Its ecology is not at all similar to traditional disciplines. In response to them, there is a whole song and the following goal is given: such a training in a powerful house and such a training in a possible behavior in a new person, as if a person would live in that house, in order to live on planet Earth.

In addition to the richness of other sciences, ecology has a richly layered structure, and on top of this it “appears” to be built on the faceless traditional disciplines.

Top on top

During the period of rebellion that took place in our country, we began to talk about the need to embrace ideology and total dictatorship. Of course, people need freedom of exploration in order to unlock their potential laid down by Nature. His thought is not to blame but is constrained by some kind of framework: all the different developments of nobles may be more accessible, so that there is a wide range of choices. And the frames in the process of painting, no matter what the stench may be, will always be damaged. However, not constrained by anything and as if only a thought could be revolutionary. And the actions are usually based on the inversion of principles. That’s why it’s still impossible to live without ideology, that’s why a good choice can always be hidden in the light of day, and it’s shaped by rich generations. People may wish to understand their place in the world, in the All-World. It is the fault of the nobility that is inaccessible and hidden to you - the pursuit of phantoms, illusions, and primaries has always been one of the main problems that people face.

We live in our everyday life, and in our name is the biosphere. Aleksandr, at his own place, has only a small part of the Great Svetobudovo. Our little cabin is a tiny little bundle of something intangible to the cosmos. And the human being wants to feel like a part of this boundless Universe. It is the fault of the nobility that it arose not through my own will, but as a result of the development of its infinitely majestic world, and as the apotheosis of its development in the knowledgeable mind, the creation of transmitting the results of its actions and flowing onto the stage , which are expected around the New Year, and then, and on those that are received from the All-World! I would like to call this axis the basis, the foundation of an ecological light view. Well, and the basis of ecology.

Whether the thought may be rich or not. This is religion, and traditions, and the truth of this family... But still, one of the most important storehouses of ours is the condensation of the truth of our humanity. This is what we call SCIENCE.

Volodymyr Ivanovich Vernadsky vikoristav of the word "empirical establishment". This term was used to call any affirmation, in order to comply with our direct evidence, caution, or those that can be deduced by simple logical methods from other empirical evidence. So the axis, at the basis of the ecological view, lies on the basis of the assertion, first clearly formulated by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr: we can only respect those who are empirically established!

Only such a basis can protect a person from unjustified illusions and wicked creatures, from ill-conceived and unsafe actions, just as it can prevent access in a young person’s head to various phantoms, who in the ruins of Marxism begin to appreciate our edge.

People must face a problem of great practical significance: how to live on a sick Earth? And only a clear, rationalist view can serve as a guide to that terrible labyrinth into which evolution has driven us. And help us overcome these difficulties, so that we can find our way back to humanity.

Well, ecology begins with the light. I would say more: the worldview of people in this century begins with ecology - with an ecological vision, and the vision and enlightenment of people - with an ecological vision.

The biosphere and people in the biosphere

The biosphere is part of the upper shell of the Earth, in which living fluid is created. The atmosphere, hydrosphere (seas, oceans, rivers and other bodies of water) and the upper part of the earth's solids are usually brought to the biosphere. The biosphere is not and has never been in the state of equilibrium. She absorbs the energy of the Sun and, in her turn, promotes the singing amount of energy from the cosmos. This is the energy of different yakost (yakost). The Earth takes away the short-haired vibration - light, as it transforms, heats the Earth. And long-lasting thermal generation will go into space from the Earth. And the balance of these energies is not adjusted: the Earth releases a little less energy into space, and less energy is removed from the Sun. This loss - small portions of the sky - is absorbed by the Earth, more precisely, by the biosphere, which gradually accumulates energy. The small amount of energy that accumulates is sufficient to support all the grand processes of the planet’s development. This energy turned out to be sufficient for life and the biosphere to burst into flames on the surface of our planet, so that during the development of the biosphere, humans and the human race appeared.

Well, the biosphere is a living system that is developing, a system that is open to the cosmos - to the flows of its energy and speech.

And the first and foremost, practically important task of human ecology is to understand the mechanisms of development of the biosphere and the processes that take place in it.

These complex processes of interaction between the atmosphere, ocean, and biota are fundamentally unimportant. The remainder means that all the circuits of speech here are not closed: some material substance is continuously supplied, and some falls under siege, creating a great unity of siege forces. And the planet itself is not an inert body. All hour long, these waters are being thrown into the atmosphere and the ocean of carnivorous gases, first of all - carbonic acid and water. The stench comes from the circulation of rivers in nature. Because of this, people themselves, as Vernadsky said, are giving a major influx to the structure of geochemical cycles – to the circulation of speeches.

The study of the biosphere, as a whole system, rejected the name of global ecology - a completely new direction in science. The basic methods of experimental observation of Nature are incomparable: the biosphere, like a snowstorm, cannot be observed under a microscope. The biosphere is a unique object, existing in a single instance. Before that, today is not the same as it was yesterday, and tomorrow will not be the same as today. And therefore, experiments with the biosphere are unacceptable, simply unacceptable. We can only be careful about those who are preparing, thinking, sizing, and developing computer models. І by conducting experiments that are not local in nature, it is possible to study regional peculiarities of biospheric processes.

Why is there a single way to study the problems of global ecology – these are the methods of mathematical modeling and analysis of the advanced stages of the development of Nature. On this road the first significant crowns have already been cut. And over the last quarter of a century, a lot has come to light. And most importantly, the need for such training has become outlawed.

Interaction of the biosphere and partnership

Vernadsky was the first to understand, even at the beginning of the twentieth century, that people are “the main geologically shaping force of the planet” and the problem of the interaction between people and Nature must go down to the main fundamental problems of modern science. Vernadsky is not an extraordinary revelation in the depths of the monstrous witches of nature. He had followers, followers, and traditions. Teachers need to tell us in advance of V.V. Dokuchaev, who revealed the hidden secrets of our original black soils and laid the foundation of earth science. Nowadays we understand that the basis of the entire biosphere is the land of Lanka, which contains its microflora. Those lives, those processes that occur in the soil, indicate all the peculiarities of the cycle of rivers in nature.

The scholars and followers of Vernadsky were V. N. Sukachov, N. V. Timofeev-Resovsky, V. A. Kovda and many others. It is important for Viktor Abramovich Kovda to assess the role of anthropogenic officials at the stage of evolution of the biosphere. Thus, having shown that humanity is generating more than 2000 times more departures from organic movements, lower than the biosphere. Outputs and departures are the words that are permanently switched off from the biogeochemical cycles of the biosphere, and from the cycle of speeches in Nature. In other words, humanity is radically changing the nature of the functioning of the basic mechanisms of the biosphere.

A well-known American specialist in computing technology, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Jay Forrester, in the 60s, developed simple methods for describing dynamic processes using computers. Forrester Meadows's teachings stagnated these approaches to changing the processes of changing the characteristics of the biosphere and human activity. He published his developments in the book, calling it “Between Growths.”

Vikorist's very simple mathematical models, which could not be brought to a scientific basis, have been tested for growth, which allow us to establish the prospects for industrial development, population growth and the obstruction of an excessively middle-class environment. Regardless of the primitiveness of the analysis (and perhaps the same), the findings of Meadows and his colleagues played an important positive role in the emerging modern environmental consciousness. First, on specific numbers, it was shown that humanity is already facing a global environmental crisis in the near future, most likely, in the middle of the coming century. There will be a food crisis, a resource crisis, a crisis situation due to the congestion of the planet.

It is now possible to say for sure that Meadows’s growths are rich in what Milkov has to say, and that the main trends of the wines have been correctly captured. And even more important are the fact that, due to their simplicity and precision, the results obtained by Meadows gained respect for the light.

Research in the field of global ecology developed differently in the Radyansky Union. At the Computational Center of the Academy of Sciences, a computer model was created that would be able to overcome the main biospheric processes. Vaughn described the dynamics of large-scale processes in the atmosphere, in the ocean, and the interactions between these processes. A special block describing the dynamics of biota. An important place was occupied by the description of the energy of the atmosphere, the rise of gloom, the fall of falls, etc. bud. As far as human activity is concerned, it appears to be based on different scenarios. Thus, it became possible to assess the prospects for the evolution of the powers of the biosphere depending on the nature of the activity.

Already in the 70s, for the first time, it was possible to evaluate the so-called “greenhouse effect” for such a calculation system, in other words, at the tip of the pen. This physical problem is simple. Various gases - water vapor, carbon dioxide - allow light to pass through, reaching the Earth, and it heats the surface of the planet, and these gases shield the Earth's long-term thermal energy.

Industrial activity is active until the concentration of carbonic acid in the atmosphere continuously increases: in the 20th century it increased by 20 hundred percent. This causes a shift in the average temperature of the planet, which in turn changes the nature of atmospheric circulation and the distribution of rainfall. And as changes occur in the life of the alpine world, the nature of the polar and continental glaciers is changing - the ice caps begin to melt, the flow of the ocean also rises.

If the current rate of growth of industrial production is maintained, then by the 1930s the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will double. How can we all influence the productivity of biota - complexes of living organisms that have historically formed? In 1979, A. M. Tarko started working on computer models, which at that time were already separated in the Computational Center of the Academy of Sciences, first checking the decomposition and analysis of this phenomenon.

It turned out that the basic productivity of biota will practically not change, except that its productivity will be redistributed into different geographical zones. Thus, for example, there is a sharp increase in the dryness of the regions of the Mediterranean, as well as the desolate shrouds in Africa and the corn belt of the United States. Our step zone is also affected. Yields here may decrease by 15-20, or even by 30 hundred thousand. This is due to the sharp increase in productivity of taiga zones and these areas, which we call non-black soils. Agriculture can come to the surface.

In this way, the first developments have already shown that the global activity of people in the next decade, so that over the course of the lives of other generations, it can lead to significant climatic destruction. For the planet, these changes will be negative. However, for the present day in Eurasia, and therefore for Russia, the consequences of the greenhouse effect may turn out to be positive.

However, current assessments of the global environmental situation are still highly debatable. The rest of the work is very difficult. So, for example, due to the deterioration of our calculation center, the average temperature of the planet may move up by 0.5-0.6 degrees at the beginning of the new century. However, natural climatic humidity can fluctuate between plus or minus one degree. Climatologists disagree: whether the warming that is being feared is the result of natural sluggishness, or not showing a greenhouse effect, will intensify.

My position with this nutritionist is very careful: the greenhouse effect is evident – ​​but it is irrefutable. It is absolutely necessary to trust him, I respect him, unless you talk about the inevitability of tragedy. Humanity can still earn even more richly and reap the legacy of what is to come.

Moreover, I would like to show respect to those who are aware of the other edges of the unsafe legacy of human activity. Some of them are as difficult as the thinning of the ozone layer, the shortening of the genetic diversity of human races, the obstruction of an excessive middle class... All these problems are not to blame for causing panic. Only these cannot be taken away without respect. The stench looms as the subject of rigorous scientific analysis, and the fragments will inevitably become the basis for developing a strategy for the industrial development of humanity.

The dangers of one of these processes were conveyed back to the end of the 18th century by the English monk Malthus. We hypothesized that as humanity grows faster, the planet's food resources are decreasing. For a long time it seemed that this was not entirely true - people had begun to appreciate the effectiveness of the rural dominion.

But, in principle, Malthus has a rationale: whatever the resources of the planet are shared, grub is first for everything. In search of the most advanced technologies for the production of food products, the Earth can fertilize a limited number of the population. Now this milestone has probably already been passed. For the last ten years, the number of people who had won the soul of the population from the world began to change completely, but inevitably change. This is a terrible sign that evokes a negative reaction from humanity. Naked: not of the land, but of all humanity. And I guess that the sophisticated technology of agricultural production alone will not do here.

Ecological Mission and Strategy of Humanity

Humanity has reached a new milestone in its history, at which the spontaneous development of productive forces, uncontrolled population growth, and the prevalence of discipline in individual behavior can put humanity, so that the biological view of homo sapiens is on the brink died. We are faced with the problems of a new organization of life, a new organization of marriage, a new phenomenon about the world. The phrase “ecological misunderstanding” has become popular. You call upon us first to tell us that we are children of the Earth, not subordinates, but children themselves.

Everything is turning around in circles, and we must, like our distant Cro-Magnon ancestors, the Myslians of the Ice Age, once again accept ourselves as a part of the ever-greater Nature. We owe it to Nature, as to our mother, as to the ruler of the house. But there is a great principle of the dignity of mankind, which is due to the immediate succession of our ice-loving ancestor: we have knowledge, and we set ourselves development goals, we have the potential to achieve these goals.

Close to a quarter of a century ago, I began to coin the term “coevolution of man and biosphere.” Vin means such behavior of humanity and human skin in order to ensure the comprehensive development of both the biosphere and humanity. Today's progress in the development of science and our technical capabilities allows us to implement this regime of co-revolution in principle.

The only axis is respect, which protects against various illusions. Nina often talks about the omnipotence of science. Our knowledge of the vast world of justice has expanded enormously over the past two centuries, but our abilities have remained limited for the time being. We have reduced the possibility of transferring the development of natural and healthy phenomena to fewer hours. Therefore, I will always be afraid of broad, long-range plans. During a specific period, you need to take note of those that are clearly reliable, and then focus on your plans, actions, and future experiences.

And the most reliable knowledge is often about those who themselves are in charge of trouble. Therefore, the main task of scientific analysis is to formulate a system of defenses. This, perhaps, was realized even during the Lower Paleolithic by our human-like ancestors. Already, a massacre of taboos began to appear. And we can’t do without it: a new defense system may be developed and recommendations on how to implement those defenses.

Ecological strategy

In order to live in our sleeping quarters, we must develop certain basic rules of behavior, as we will always govern our life and the strategy of our development. The rules of the village are of a very local nature. The stench is most often carried out before the decomposition and removal of low-yield excrements, before the purification of too much substance from obstruction, then before the protection of Nature.

To satisfy these local needs, there is no need for any kind of extra-large approaches: everything depends on the culture of the population, technology, management, environmental literacy and discipline of local officials.

But here we are faced with difficult situations, if we have to think about the well-being of not only our own, but those of distant neighbors. The reason for this is that the river flows like a bunch of areas. Its purity has already attracted a lot of people, and even in different ways. Residents of the upper regions are not very fond of the river station in the lower regions. In order to ensure a normal life for the population of the entire river basin, there is a need for regulation on the sovereign level, as well as on the interstate level.

The stock with a river is the result of a serious fall. This is a problem of a planetary nature. They will require a hidden human strategy. For its fertilization, one culture and environmental awareness are not enough. There are few actions in a literate (which happens very rarely) order. There is a need to create a hidden human strategy. It can cover literally every aspect of people’s lives. These are new systems of industrial technologies that are supposed to be waste-free and resource-saving. These are also rural technologies. Moreover, it is not only the processing of soils that is more thorough and the vigor of goodness. Ale, how to show M.I. Vavilova and other miraculous representatives of agronomic science and plant growing, here the leader is in the development of vigor plants, which may be the greatest coefficient of corys vicor growth of sunny energy. This is pure energy that does not overwhelm the middle.

Such a radically strong smell of the rural plant of Podar is of particular importance, the remains of the stench are directly connected with the problem that, if I overcontact, will inevitably have to be eliminated. Let's talk about the size of the planet's population. Humanity is now immediately faced with the need for strict regulation of nationality - in different regions of the Earth in different ways, or across borders.

In order for people to continue to fit into the natural cycles (circulation) of the biosphere, the population of the planet, in order to save daily needs, may change by ten times. But it’s impossible! Regulation of population growth will, of course, prevent a tenfold reduction in the number of inhabitants of the planet. Therefore, in conjunction with a reasonable demographic policy, it is necessary to create new biogeochemical cycles, so that a new cycle of speeches occurs until the species of plants that are more effective in vicorizing pure sleepy. energy so as not to bring environmental harm to the planet.

The reality of problems of this scale is not accessible to the people outside of the world. And as a result of the change in the entire organization of planetary cohesion, otherwise seemingly a new civilization, the emergence of the most important – those value systems that have been solidified for centuries.

The principle of the need to form a new civilization was declared by the International Green Cross - an organization that was founded in 1993 in the Japanese city of Kyoto. The main thesis is that people can live in the goodness of Nature.