Justinian Pershy. Empire of Justinian I: Svitanok of Vizantiya

Justinian I the Great (Lat. Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus) ruled Vizantin from 527 to 565. Under Justinian the Great the Territory of Vizantia became more important. Historians vvazhayut that Justin was one of the greatest monarchs of antiquity and early middle age.
Justinian was born close 483 rub in the rural homeland of a remote village in girskiy Macedonia, close to Skupi ... Dovgy hour panuvala dumka about those who are in the buv slovo'yanskogo prokazhennya and wearing a spochka I'm the manager of the house, tsya legend was extended by the middle of the words of the Balkansky p_vostrov.

Justinian meets strict Orthodox Christians He was a reformer and a visitor strategist, who initiated the transition from antiquity to the middle of the century. Vyhodets of the dark mass of the provincial peasantry Justinian zumiv mitsno and firmly adopts these two grand ideas: The Roman idea of the all-holy monarchy and the Christian idea of the kingdom of God. A summary of both ideas and the conduct of the two ideas in the spirit of the power in the Holy State the political doctrine of the Vizantyyskoy empire.

During the hours of the Emperor Justin Vizantiysk Imperia reached its development, the monarch began to restore the empire and turn the number of magnitude. Get involved in the fact that Justinian has flown into the strong character of his squad Feodori, yaku vin urochisto coronuvav in 527 r

Historians vvazhayut, but with the head mark of the famous policy of Justinian, the revival of the Roman Empire in the Collegiate cordons, the small empire will be converted to one Christian state. As a result, all of the events carried out by the Emperor of the Buli were straightened on the expansion of their territories, especially in the west, on the territory of the common Western Roman Empire.

The chief commander of Justinian, who dreamed of the revival of the Roman Empire, Buv Belisarius, becoming a commander in the 30th century.

At 533 rotsі Justinian led the army of Belisarius to pivnichnu Africa for the root of the kingdom of the vandals. Vіyna with vandals took place successfully for Vіzantіya and already in 534 rots the commander Yustiniana got a big win. Yak and in the African campaign, the commander Belisarius trimmed at the Vizantyysk army of helpless naimants - wild barbarians.

The sworn enemies could help the Vizantyyskoy empire - to finish the payment. So, gooney became a significant part of the army Belisarius , yaka on 500 ships she flew from Constantinople to Pivnichna Africa.cavalry of the gun She served as recruits in Belisarius's army, played a major role in the army against Vandal kingdom in pivnichny Afritsa. Before the hour of the general battle, the opponents fought against the wild horde of the Huns and got into the Numidian wilderness. Let the commander Belisarius seize Carthage.

Passion of the Pivnichnaya Africa in Vizantiysky Constantinople took a look at Italy, on the territory of which it was the kingdom of the Ostrogoths. Emperor Justinian the Great Virishiv Ogolositi veinu German kingdoms And they led the way along the way, and the bullets were weakened in advance of the invading army of Vizantia.

Viyna from the Ostrogoths was successful, i the king of the Ostrogoths was led to turn for help to Persia. Justinian, having secured himself at the Descent, to strike from the force, taking over the world from Persia and starting a campaign for the invasion of Zakhidna Europe.

First dilom commander Belisarius invading Sicily, de vin did not create a special support. The Italian cities also ended up one after the other, while they did not go to Naples.

Belisarius (505-565), Byzantine general under Justinian I, 540 (1830). Belasarius refusing the crown of their kingdom in Italy offered to him by the Goths in 540. Belisarius was a brilliant general who defeated a range of enemies of the Byzantine Empire, virtually doubling its territory in the process. (Photo by Ann Ronan Pictures / Print Collector / Getty Images)

The fall of Naples, Pope Silver of Rome, proponuvav Velizar to go to the sacred place. The Goti left Rome , І nezabarom Belisarius seized Rome as the capital of the empire. Vizantyysky military leader Belisarius, however, rozumiv, but the enemy is deprived of his forces, then immediately take on the steps of Rome. Held by the goths of Rome triva one rik and nine days (537 - 538 rr.). Vizantyyska army, defended Rome, not only showcased the ready-made attacks, but continued its advance into the Apenninsky pvostrov.

The victories of Belisarius allowed the Vizantyyskoy empire to establish control over the ceremonially-shady part of the Italian Empire. Already after the death of Belisarius ekzarchate (province) with the capital in Ravenna ... I want Rome nadal buv of ruin for Vizantiya, so as Rome actually spent the time of the management tata, Vizantiya zberigala volodinnya in Italy right up to the middle of the VIII century.

During the Justinian Territory of the Great Empire, it reached its greatest changes for the entire hour of the Last Empire. Justinian went into the distance to practically increase the renewal of the large cordons of the Roman Empire.

Vizantіyskiy іmperator Justinіan having seized all the Italy and practically all the Uzbeks of the Pivnіchnoi Africa, аnd the pіvdennu-disappeared part of Spain. With such a rank, the territory of Vizantia is growing up in two, but beyond the reach of the large cordons of the Roman Empire.

already in 540 rotsi of Novopersid the kingdom of the Sasanids rose the peace the agreement with Vizantin and actively got to the point of failure. Justinian appeared in a twisted camp, aja Vizantiya could not show up on two fronts.

The internal politics of Justin the Great

In addition to active international policy, Justinian is also aware of his internal policy. Under the new Bula, the Roman system of power control was shaken off, which replaced a new one - vizantiyska. Justinian was actively involved in the changes of the sovereign apparatus, as well as udoskonality opodatkuvannya ... With the imperator buli z'udnan civil and vіyskovі plant, boolee zroblenі sprobi change corruption pay the officials by way of promotion.

Among the people, Justinian was nicknamed "the sleepless emperor", as it was done during the day and at night over the reforms of the state.

Historians vvazhayut, so vіyskovі successes Yustinіan bully yogo head merit, protest internal politics, especially in the other half of yogh rule, emptied the state treasure.

Emperor Justinian the Great, having made himself famous, an architectural monument Holy Sophia Cathedral ... Tsia Budivlya is a symbol of the "golden capital" of the Vizantyyskiy empire. tsei cathedral є others for the size of the Christian church near the church and do only the Cathedral of St. Paul near the Vatican ... With the help of the Cathedral of Holy Sophia, the Emperor Justinian attended to the creation of the Pope of Rome and all Christianity.

For the hour of the ruling Justiniana slept the Persha in the light of the plague pandemic, as she hunted the whole Vizantyysk Empire. Most of the victims were recorded in the capital of the empire of Constantinople, 40% of the entire population died here. Behind the pidrakhunks of the history, the number of victims of the plague has reached close to 30 million. Cholovik, and perhaps even more.

Achievement of the Vizantyiskoi empire under Justinia

Most of the achievements of Justin the Great are actively involved in politics, as it has expanded the territory of Vizantia twice, practically having turned all the entrapped earths for the fall of Rome in 476 rots.

Along with the number of warriors, the treasury of the state disappeared, and it summoned people to revolt and rebel. However, the insurrection sponded Justiniana vidati new laws for the people of the empire. The Emperor skasuv in Roman law, skasuvav in old Roman laws and in new laws. The stars of the laws are given the name "Star of Civil Law".

Tsaryuvannya Justin the Great was effectively called "golden vіk", he himself said: "Not until the hour of our rule, God did not grant the Romans such overwhelming ... the heavens, the inhabitants of all the world were dying: in your days there was a great divine, for which God has made the whole old light unmistakable." Cathedral of Holy Sophia in Constantinople.

A majestic hole was placed at the vіyskovіy right. Justinian went into the distance to establish the most professional recruited army of that period. The Vizantyysk Army, along with Belisarius's wire, brought the Vizantyysk Emperor without change and expanded the cordon of the Vizantyysk Empire. However, the victor of the majestic recruited army and endless wars made the state treasure of the Vizantyyskoy empire.

First half of the rule of Emperor Justinian is called "the golden capitals of Vizantia", a friend winked only dissatisfied from the side of the people. About the empires hunted insurrection of the Maurians and the ready. A in 548 rotsі before the hour of another Italian campaign Justin the Great did not even go to see Belisarius asking for a penny for the army and to pay the hirelings.

For the last time, the commander Belisarius Ocholiv Vіyska in 559 rots, if Thrace was invaded by a tribe of kotrigurs. The commander won the victory in battle and once again increased the defense of the attackers, Ale Yustinian, at the last moment, resigned from the troubled suspects. However, those who found the visibility became those who did not appeal to the Christmas tree tract. Commander Belisarius, having fallen into disfavor, ceased to recognize his role at court.

In 562 families, a few of the noble inhabitants of Constantinople called the illustrious commander Belisarius in preparation against the emperor Justinian. At the end of the month, Belisarius will add his own lane and position. Unabarom Justinian transformed himself in the innocence of the accused and made peace with him. Belisarius died in peace and self in 565 rotsi A.D. At the same Rik Konav, the Emperor Justinian the Great.

The last conflict between the emperor and the commander serving as a dzherel the legend about the angry, the unkempt and the wicked warlord Velizar, they asked for mercy for the church. So - have been treated to disgrace - yogo image French artist Jacques Louis David on his famous painting.

An all-powerful state, which is set up by the will of the autocratic sovereign - such a bully mriya, like the emperor Justinian on the very cob of the king. By the power of wickedness, having turned the guilt of the ruined old Roman territories, by giving it a huge, huge law, so that the inhabitants will be protected, they will be made - Vin stverdzhuv poklikan z'adnati all the people in worship to one true Christian God. Such three non-deserted representatives, on which Justinians will be able to have their own empire. Justinian Velikiy viriv, scho "Nothing new and holy and emperor's magnificence"; “The creators of the law themselves said that the will of the monarch ma force the law«; « one house to spend days and nights in pratsi stani, schob think about the good of the people«.

Justinian the Great stverdzhuvav, for the grace of the Emperor's power, as the “anointed of God”, who stands above the state and over the Church, is rejected directly from God. The Emperor "brings the apostles" (Greek Ίσαπόστολος), God will help you to rewrite the enemies, to see the just laws. Viyny Yustiniana denounced the character of Christian campaigns - everywhere, de Vizantyysky Emperor will be Pan, zasyak orthodox vira. Yogi piety transformed into religious intolerance, and intolerance that was brought into the zhorstoki perevodvannya for the care of the viri known to him. To put any legislative act Justinian “Pid the intercessor of the holy Triytsi”.

The chief commander of Justinian, who dreamed of the revival of the Roman Empire, Buv Belisarius, becoming a commander in the 30th century.

First dilom commander Belisarius invading Sicily, de vin did not create a special support. The Italian cities also ended up one after the other, while they did not go to Naples.

The internal politics of Justin the Great

Among the people, Justinian was nicknamed "the sleepless emperor", as it was done during the day and at night over the reforms of the state.

Historians vvazhayut, so vіyskovі successes Yustinіan bully yogo head merit, protest internal politics, especially in the other half of yogh rule, emptied the state treasure.

Achievement of the Vizantyiskoi empire under Justinia

Yustinіan I the Great, Povny іm'ya yakogo sounds yak Yustinіan Flavіy Petro Sabbath - vіzantіysky іmperator (tobto ruler Shіdnoї Rimskoї іmperії), one of naybіlshih іmperatorіv pіznoї antichnostі at Money Does tsya Epoch cob zmіnyuvatisya Serednovіchchyam and rimsky style pravlіnnya postupivsya mіstsem vіzantіyskomu. Lying in history as a great reformer.

Born approximately in 483 r, having become an ugly Macedonian, rural blue. The great role in the biography of Justin was played by his uncle, who became the Emperor Justin I. The absent monarch, who loved his nephew, loving him to himself, having accepted his approval, and soaking in suspension. The presenters allow themselves to come to Rome Justinian immediately arrived in the 25th century, vivchav in the capital the law and theologian and began their descent to the top of the political Olimpu, the head of the special emperor's corps.

At 521 r Justinian, he rose to the rank of consul and became a popular personage, not to be forgotten by the organizers of organizing circus vistavs. Senate repeatedly proponuvav Justin to kill his nephew as a governor, protector of pishov on the whole croc leash in the quarter 527 r, since his self-esteem is signi ﬁ cantly lost. 1 sickle of the same fate, after the death of Uncle Justinian becoming a new ruler.

Novospecheny Emperor, lively ambitious thoughts, immediately taking up the opportunity to improve the land. The internal policy manifested itself, the growth, in the legal reform carried out. The published 12 books "The Code of Justinian" and 50 - "Digesta" became relevant for more than a thousand years. The laws of Justinian took centralization, the expansion of the monarch, the empowerment of the sovereign and the army, the empowerment of control in the surrounding spheres, zokrem, in trade.

Coming to power was marked by the beginning of the period of a large-scale event. Having become a victim of the pozhezhy Constantinople Church of St. Sophia will be rebuilt with such a rank that the middle of Christian churches are rich in capital that have not been built.

Justinian I the Great, having carried out the aggressive call of politics, was directed to the conquest of new territories. Yogo commanders (the Emperor himself does not want to especially take the fate of the Viy's actions), conquer the part of Pivnichnoy Africa, Pireneysky pyostrov, I mean a part of the territory of the Western Roman Empire.

The rule of the Tsi Emperor was marked by a whole lot of low revolts, incl. To the greatest insurgencies in the recent history of Nika: this is how the population reacted to the horror of the visits. At 529 r Justinian Bula closed the Academy of Plato, at 542 m - the consulate of the posad was closed. They gave you more and more honors, similar to the saint. Justinian himself is closer to the end of the living way by acting in an interest in the sovereign turbots, in giving the theology, dialogues with philosophers and clergymen. Died wine in Constantinople for the sake of 565 rub

lat. Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus, Gretz. Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ιουστινιανός; bilsh vidomy yak Justinian I(Greek. Ιουστινιανός Α ") abo Justinian the Great(Greek. Μέγας Ιουστινιανός)

vіzantіyskiy іmperator

Flaviy Justinian

short biography

Justinian I the Great Outside of what sounds like Justinian Flaviy Petro Savatiy, is a right-wing imperator (to be the ruler of the Ancient Roman Empire), one of the greatest emperors of the ancient times of antiquity, for some reason Lying in history as a great reformer.

Born approximately in 482 r, having become an ugly Macedonian, rural blue. The great role in the biography of Justin was played by his uncle, who became the Emperor Justin I. The absent monarch, who loved his nephew, loving him to himself, having accepted his approval, and soaking in suspension. The presenters allow themselves to come to Rome Justinian immediately arrived in the 25th century, vivchav in the capital the law and theologian and began their descent to the top of the political Olimpu with the call of the special emperor's corps.

Biography from Wikipedia

Flaviy Petro Savatiy Justinian(Latin Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus, Greek Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ιουστινιανός), big vidomy yak Justinian I(Greek. Ιουστινιανός Α ") abo Justinian the Great(Gretz. Justinian himself in decrees calling himself Caesar Flavin Justinian Alamansky, Gotsky, Frankish, Nimetsky, Antsky, Alan, Vandal, African.

Justinian, commander and reformer, is one of the most prominent monarchs of antiquity. Yogo rule marks an important stage in the transition from antiquity to the middle and, apparently, the transition from Roman traditions to the vizanty style of rule. Justin was an ambitious student, however, he did not go into the depths of the "restoration of the empire" (lat. Renovatio imperii). At the beginning of the year, the great part of the lands of the Western Roman Empire fell into the distance. Another important step is Yustinian's preaching about the revision of Roman law, the result of which has become a new star of laws - the star of Justinian (Latin Corpus iuris civilis). By the decree of the Emperor, having bolstered the overturning of Solomon and the legendary Ukrainian temple, and by increasing the revival of the Holy Sophia Cathedral in Constantinople, it was enmity with its beauty and writing and became the most famous of the thousands of fated temples.

At 529 rotsi Justinian closed the Platonic Academy in Afin, in 542 rotsi the emperor went to the post of the consul, probably, for financial reasons. The last hour of the rule of Justinian saw the persistence of a pandemic of plague near Visantia and the greatest revolt in the history of Victory and Constantinople - Nika's insurrection, which was provoked by the yielding oppression and church policy.

stan dzherel

With the great dzherel of the watch of Justinian, the robot of Procopia of Kesar, who revenge on both the apologetics and the hard criticism of his rule. From his youth, Prokopiy formed a radar under the commander Velizar, who were supervising them in all the victories, which were carried out in the tsar of the tsar. Written in the middle of the 6th century History of Warє the main story about the podії and zovnіshnіy polіtіtsі Vіzantії before the hour of the war with Persia, vandals and goths. Writings in kіntsі pravlіnnya Justinіana panegіrik About make to find out about the awesome activity of the emperor. pamphlet taєmna іstorіya Spilling light on the back of the life of the rulers of the empire, wanting to see the reliability in the whole creation of spiritual and skin problems є the subject of admission. Having borrowed the encampment of a private lawyer Agafiy Mirineyskiy, having become the prodigy of Procopia and after the death of Justinian, having written a tvir in five books. Died young in 582 rots, Agathy raised only viclasts of the age of 552-558 ros. On the note of Prokopia, who wrote to the rule of Justin and that he was brought up to his position, Agafy, ymovirno, schiry in his positive assessment of the emperor’s calling policy. At the same time, Agathius negatively assessed the internal policy of Justinian, especially in the end of the king. From the historical notes of Menander the Protector, who were hunted for the period from 558 to 582 rik, only urivka were saved in the compilation of Kostyantin Porphyrogenitus. The directors of the former Emperor of the 9th century have spared the creations of the diplomat of the era Justinian Peter Patricia, who were included in the treatise About ceremonies... The short vikladi of Patriarch Photius saved the book of the first diplomat Yustinin, Nonnoza. Chronicle of the Church of Miletsky, dedicated to Tsar Justin I and the first years of Tsar Justin, who, in practice, did not want to, perhaps, introduced the chronicle of the history of the other half of the VI century of Theophanes of the Winter Zapadniy Zapozychny. The early period of the Tsar Justinian was saved in a short period of time in the list of the Syrian Ioan Malali, a report about the emperor’s generosity, as well as about the other regions for life, important. "Church history" of the anti-religious lawyer Evagriy Scholastica often runts on the praises of Procopia and Malali, as well as occasionally important information about the history of the Syrian rule in Justin's rule. From a large period of time, Ioann Antiokhijsky's (7th century) literature was fragmentarily preserved on the walnuts. Іnshe dzherelo VII century Easter Chronicle Viklada's all-time history from the beginning until 629 rock, until the reign of the Emperor Mauritius (585-602), under the Viklad's, is even short. Piznish dzherela, such as the literature of Theophan Spovidnik (IX century), George Kedrin (ear of the XII century) and Ioanna Zonara (XII century) were victorious to describe the events of the 6th century in that number of hours before

An important part of the news about the Religious Ruhi in the era of Justinian is the life literature. The most important agiography of that hour is Kirilo Skifopolsky (525-558), whose biography of Savi Osvyacheny (439-532) is important for the reconstruction of the conflict in the Rusalim patriarchy in 529-530 rockets. Dzherelom vіdomosti about the life of the Chents and Ascetics є Lemonar Ioanna Moscha. From the biographies of the Patriarchs of Constantinople Minya (536-552) and Avtykhia (552-565, 577-582). From the point of view of the congregational myths, the podia in church history John the Efesky. The tribute about the church policy of Justin can also be found in the Emperor’s list on the tatami. Due to the geographical character, take revenge in the treatise Sinekdem(535) geographer Ierocles in Christian topography merchant and pilgrim Kosmi Indikoplov. For the history of the king, the value of this treatise, which dates back to the 6th centuries, is of the essence. Important pracea on the administrative history of Tsar Justinian and official of the 6th century Ioanna Lida De Magistratibus reipublicae Romanae.

Latin dzherela is rather fewer in number and assigned to the problems of the backward part of the empire. The Chronicle of the Illirian Marcellinus Comitho will hunt the period from coming to the throne of Emperor Theodosius I (379-395) until 534. Marcellinus dosyag for the ruling of Justin of the senatorial call and is still alive in Constantinople and witnesses of the zavorushen in the capital, including Nika's rebellion. The chronicle shows a thought of loyal, ordinary-looking kids; unavoidable prodovjuvach won brought to 548 rock. Chronicle of the African Bishop Viktor Tunnunskiy, Opponent of Justinian in the super-list of three portions of hunting pods from 444 to 567 rubles. Close an hour before the list of the Spanish Bishop Ioann Biklarskiy, who was revealed to the period, passed through his dignity in Constantinople. Spanish Podias of the 6th Century of Imaging in іstorії ready Isidora Sevilsky. Vidnosini Vizantiya with francs won the chronicle of Mary Avanshskiy, scho yde from 445 to 581 ric, as well as History of francs Grigoria Turskogo. Historical create the Gothic history of Jordan ( Getikaі De origine actibusque Romanorum) Brought to 551 rock. Storage in the first half of the VI century collection of papal biographies Liber Pontificalis To take revenge on the important ones, if you want and do not expect them to be trustworthy, about the names of Justinian and the Roman pontiffs.

From the end of the 19th century, in the scientific research, a versatile dzherela was introduced on the skid drives, in front of the Syrian ones. The announcement of the chronicle of the prodovzhuvach Zakhariya Ritor has been brought up to 569 rock, but in all cases it has been stored. Yak and earlier guesses Ioann Efesky, the author of the image of the position of Syrian myths. An important dzherel for advancing straight into Christianity in the VI century є collection of biographies of the saints of John of Ephesus. Until the 6th century, the "Edesskoe Chronicle" is published, which is about the period from 131 to 540 rubles. Until the end of the 7th century, the chronicle of the Egyptian historian Ioann Nikiussky was brought to the attention of the eighth century. The Arabian historian of the IX century of at-Tabari was trapped in the Persian dzherels.

In addition to historical chronicles, there is a great number of dzherel. The overly widespread legal decline of the era of Justinian - Corpus iuris civilis (up to 534) and new stories appeared, as well as new monuments of ecclesiastical law. Outside the category of dzherel є pratsi vlasne Justiniana - yo leaves and relіgіynі treatises. Nareshty, during the whole hour, was protected by the novelty literature, as additional help is more beautiful than the sight of the people of the era of Justinian, for example, the political treatise "Pochannya" by Agapita, the memory of Koripp, the epigraphite.

Camping and youth

walking

Justinian and the yogi family are familiar with the different versions and theories. Most of the dzherel, in the main walnuts and schools (Syrian, Arabic, Vermenska), as well as words (entirely based on walnuts), call Justinina a Frakian; deyaki walnuts dzherela and Latin chronicle of Viktor Tunnunskiy call him "Illiris"; nareshty Prokopiy Kesariy'skiy stverdzhu, but by Batkivshchyna Justiniana and Justin Bula provinces Dardania. Apparently before the thought of the home visant A.A. On the cob of the VI century of the civil administration of the Balkan region, it was broken up between two prefectures. The Praetorian Prefecture of Illirii, the minority of them, included two stages - Dacia and Macedonia. In such a rank, if Dzherela wrote, that Justin was an Illyrian, it stinks in uvaz, that the native land of the Illyrian prefecture was born. In ethnichnoe vіdnoshennі, zgіdno Vasil'ev, the stench bully frakіytsami. The advice of the factional theory of Justinian's approach can also be served by the fact that Sabbatius to walk with great ymovіrnіstyu from the name of the old Frakian deity Sabazia... The Nimetsian precursor of the era of Justinian I B. Rubin is also the name of the Thracian Abo Illyrian campaign of the Dynasty of Justinian I’m going to be in Dzherels sooner than a geographic one, not an ethnic snake for an indispensable food. At the show of the lusty lover of Justinian, it’s like a Latina mother, protesting it’s no worse.

Until the end of the 19th century, the theory of the Slovenian proclamation of Justinian I, which was based on the well-known Nikkolo Alamanov pratsi yakogos Abat Teofil (Bogumila), was named after the name Iustiniani Vita... At the same time, a special name is introduced for Justinian and his relatives, as may the words sound. So, Batko Yustiniana, the names of the Vizanty dzherels Savatin, buv the names of the Bogomils Istokus, And the name of Justinian himself sounded like Upravda... I would like to publish Alleman's books as a result, theories, based on them, were intensively developed until quietly, leaving in 1883 when James Bryce failed to read the original manuscript in the library of the palace. In published in 1887, the statistics of the winners outlined the point of view, asserting that the document does not become historical value, but Bohumil chi himself has become aware of it. In the Danish hour Iustiniani Vita You can see how one of the legends is, how to tie the words together with the great children of the past, such as Oleksandr the Great and Justinian. One of the most recent pre-eminent stories of the theory is the Bulgarian historian G. Sotirov, whose book "Murder on Justinovata Especially" (1974) was given a sharp criticism.

The date of the birth of Justinian is close to 482. The date of the birth of Zonara will be established at the exhibition. The main story about the mice of the people of Justin and Justin and the pratsi of Prokopiy Kesarisky's party. The story of the people of Justinian Prokopiy in the panegyric "About sporudi" (middle of the 6th century) is caught up in a different way, helping him in the place called Tavresiy (lat. Tauresium. Bederian.) In the "Taumniy History" of the same author Bederian, he is called the hero of the people of Justin, whose thoughts are taken up by Ioann Antiohiysky. About Tavresiya Prokopiy povidomlyaє, which was commissioned with him for the most part, is based on the place of Justinian Prim, who at one time is attending the public gathering of Serbia. Likewise, Prokopiy emerged, but Yustinian was quite a change in the number of reduced numbers in the city of Ulpiana, which was renamed Yustiniana Secunda. The warrant was made by erecting one more place, naming it Justinopolis, in honor of his uncle. Most of the places of Dardania were rounded up for the reign of Emperor Anastasia I by a strained earthquake 518. The entrust from the zruynovanovan capital of the provinces Skupi buv motivations Yustinopolis, near Tavresia the bullet was erected tautly from the choirmae, as Prokopiy called Tetrapirgya.

Name "Bederiana" and "Tavresiy" boules in 1858 rotsi boules identified by the Austrian mandarin Iohann Khan as the current village of Bader and Taor near Skop'є. The insult to the masses of the bully was reported in 1885 by the English archaeologist Arthur Evans, who know there is a wealth of numismatic material, which confirms the importance of the fifth century, the settlement that was developed here. Evans priyshov to visnovka, the district of Skop'є є mіscem of the people of Justiniana, having confirmed the identification of the old settlements with the modern villages. The theory of Bula was pidtriman in 1931 by Petar Skok, a Croatian Fachian from onomastics, and A. Vasil'evim. In an hour to get involved, Yustiniana Prima roztashovuvalas in the area of Serbian Nish and to be identified with the archaeological monument of the Serb. Tsarichina grad, Caričin Grad.

family Justiniana

I am mother of Justinian, sister of Justin - Biglenitsa aim at Iustiniani Vita, About the incompleteness of what is said about it. Tse іm'ya, prote, could be words'anized by the form imeni Vigilantiya - vidomo, that was the name of the sister of Justin, the mother of yogh spadkoєmtsya Justin II. Chesky historian Kostyantin Irechek vislovyvav sumniv, shho im'ya Biglenitsa can be slov'yanskim. Oskilki іnshoї information on tsei rakhunok is dumb, it is not possible to get involved, but not at all. About those who are the mother of Justinina Bula, the sister of Justin, Procopiy Kesariy local history, And also a number of Syrian and Arabian dzherels.

The drive of Batko Justinian has more reliable views. V local history Procopy to suggest such a conclusion:

Let me tell you that the mother of yogo [Justiniana] seemed to be from those closest to you, that we were not born as a person of Savatia and not as a human being. Before the time when the demon came in, the invisible demon had seen her, protesting her enmity, but I was in her with her and in her life, like a man with a woman, but in the dark, like a dream.
"Taumna history", XII, 18-19

Sounds like diznaєmosya іm'ya dad Justiniana - Savatiy. It’s dzherelo, it’s deceiving that іm'ya - that’s the name of "Act from the drive of Kallopody", included in the chronicle of Theophanes and "Great Chronicle" and lie down to the next, but before the rebellion Nika. There praysin, in the walk with the representative of the emperor, vimovlyayut the phrase "More beautiful Savatii would not be born, guilt not causing bi-sina-vbivtsyu".

Savatii and his squad had two children, Petro Savatius (Latin Petrus Sabbatius) and Vigilantia (Latin Vigilantia). Letters dzherela nowhere do not guess the reference name of Justinian, only on consular diptychs. There are two consular diptychs of Justinian, one of which is kept in the National Library of France, and in the Metropolitan Museum. On the diptych 521 the rock of the drawing is written in lat. Fl. Petr. Sabbat. Justinian. v. i., com. mag. eqq. et p. praes., et c. od., scho means lat. Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus, vir illustris, comes, magister equitum et peditum praesentalium et consul ordinarius. Three cich names in the former Justinian koristuvavshis only the first and the last. im'ya Flaviy, It’s worthy to be repaired in the middle of the second century since the second century, but there’s a decline in popularity with the Emperor Anastasin I (591-518), who also changed Flavієm.

Scandalous views about the boisterous youth of the maybut squad of the Emperor Feodori (bl. 497-548) local history, Protest the fortunate preachers vvazayut for more beautifully not interpreting them literally. Ioann Efeskiy means, “won’t come from the brothel,” protesting this term for the pledged mortgage, in which Feodora served, I don’t put in the profession. You can, won’t be an actress or a dancer, if Robert Browning, the author of the bitter news about her, would like to admit the possibility that I’ll be able to do it. The first sight of Justiniana with Theodora became about 522 rots in Constantinople. Then Feodora left the capital and spent a day in Oleksandriya. Yakim rank vіdbulasya їkhnya friend zustrіch, for certain not vіdomo. Seemingly, we want to be friends with Theodore Justinian, asking his uncle to assign the rank of patrice, protest strongly against the Empress Euphimia, and before death remained unfriendly in 523 or 524 children. Ymovіrno, from the bazhannya of Justin, the bulo is tied in the rule of Justin to the law "About shlyub" (lat. De nuptiis), which skasuvav the law of Emperor Kostyantin I, which is a fence of people, yak has reached the senatorial call, friendship.

At 525 rotsi Justinian became friends with Theodore. When I join Feodor's love, she again tore up with her boisterous men and women with a vicious squad. Tsey shlyub became childless, protest from Justin there was a number of nephews and nieces, from which Justin II was revolted by a despondent.

Early rock and king Justin

About the dignity, youth and vikhovanna of Justin is not seen at all. Ymovіrno, at the same moment yoy uncle Justin, having changed his share of his own, lost his father’s family, and his nephew’s wikipedia to the capital. Justin himself was born in 450 or 452 births and in a young age, who came from Bederiani to Constantinople and went to the service. In the end of his reign, the Emperor Leo I (457-474) organized a new zagin of the palace of art of the examiners, in which they recruited soldiers from the old parts of the empire, and Volodya with good physical tributes to Justin. About the kar'єra of Justin as Tsar Zeno (474-491), nothing is seen, ala, under Anastasia, we took part in the Isaurian War (492-497) under the command of Ioann Gorbaty. Then Justin took on the fate of the warriors of Persia in the capacity of a military leader, and in the end of the prince Anastasia was signaled by the suppressed rebellion of Vitale. With such a rank, Justin won the courtesy of the emperor and the appointment of the head of the palace in the rank of the committee and the senator. The hour of Justinian's arrival in the capital is definitely not visible. It was transferred, as soon as it became approximately at the age of twenty five rockies, in the last hour of Justinian Vivchav theologian and Roman law, for whom the name of Latin was appropriated. candidati, tobto the special guardian of the emperor. Approximately at the end of the hour, the adoption of that change of the maybutny emperor was announced.

By the death of Anastasia on the cob of linden 518 To the fate of Justin, it was quite easy to grab some possession, unaffected by those who had a great number of large and infused candidates. On the thought of Prokopia, the will of other forces manifested itself, which were fixed in the end of the mind of Justinian. The hugging procedure is described by Petr Patrik. Pidnesennya Justyna viyavilosya called not suitable for the fellows. An important role in the selection of the game is the active support of the new emperor by the parties to the track. Without the middle of the shot, Justin Bull was removed in practice, the replacement of the Vishkovy capital was carried out; On the thought of E.P. Glushanin, Yustin, having pushed with such a rank, will entrust the attention of the new emperor of the army with the view of the new emperor of the army. One hour, the relatives of Justin got rid of the family: Herman, the first nephew, became the master of Fraction, and Justinian became the head of the Domestic (Latin Comes domesticorum), the special corps of the Palace of War, about the visit from the list of the House of the State Council. For the rule of Justin Justinian, one or two times has visited the consular obligations. Become a consul for the first time in 521 rots. In fact, it became at the first time of the same power - it was traditionally, in the first time of the day when he was defrauded by the consul by the consul, Buv turned Justin, on the offensive, the political enemy Vitalian was eliminated from Justin. The report of Marcellin Comito about the rosy Christmas of the First Consulate of Justinian in the present day 521 is not confirmed by the data of those dzherels, but the summaries from the history of not the vicliks. The consular call gave the opportunity not only to gain popularity with its generosity, but also led the way to the patrician call. Zgіdno Marcellin, 288 thousand solids were stained, at one hour 20 levs and 30 leopards were sent to the amphitheater. Ymovіrno, the vitrati did not bully overwhelmed, and, if the vitrats of Octavian Augustus were received in vain at that hour, the vitratus of Octavian August was received in a bagatorazous fashion. During the hours of Justin, the consular vitrati were stored in two parts, the fewer of which were stored in the consul's treasures - the stench of guilt was taken to the well-being of the place. For the rakhunok of sovereign prices, payment for species was paid. With such a rank, the vitrati did not win the respect of the other historians. Send to the consulate 521 to Roku Justinian buv signings magister militum in praesenti- I will put, yak to tsyo vikonuvav Vіtalіan. The popularity of Justin in the whole hour, as Ioann Zonara has grown up, and the Senate has turned up to the old Emperor to name Justin as its governor, however, Justin on the whole proposition of views. The Senate, protest, prodovzhuvav on the campaign of Justinian, asking to assign him the title of nobilissimus, but it became until 525 fate, since he was assigned the title of Caesar.

Yustinian was recognized as a commander himself in 525 rots, having chilled the state fleet in 70 vessels (part of the drowned in the road) de roztashovaniyu uchasny umen), who controlled the trade on the pivde of Arabia and in the Red Sea. For economic reasons (due to the fact that there are economic reasons for taking over the transit control in the city of trade in specials and mythical wealth of the region), in 518-523 they fought against the ephesians from Aksum, knowing the church and under the threat of death, the christians are transformed into the synagogue's bedroom. If they wanted to see Aksum, they seized a larger part of Khim'yar and deprived tsar Zu Nuvas in the places, albeit up to 523 times tsar Zu Nuvas zumiv in the distance raids to get a little of the places and in them shows the Christian strata. In the lead, Vizantiya sent to the aid of the brotherly Christian state of Axum a strained fleet and a contingent of contingent on the number of Justinian in 525 rots. Hanging in two ministers of the Aksum vіyska and vіzantіyskі volunteers thrashed out Vіyska Him'yar, Zu Nuwas was killed in the process of overshooting the visadtsі. Captured territory Khim'yar bully forcibly turned into Christianity, persisting in his own era of Judaism, bully, either hammered, or snared, bully tikati. The overwhelming operation has become not only the most important for the visibility of the theater of Vyskovy dei, important in the religious sense, but even more vivid for Vizantia. Obviously, that kind of fault was pouring in on Justinian's stunts before the Jews and Judaism, and it was infiltrated on his current policy in the whole galuzy (marvel at the bottom).

Unimportant to those who are so blinking, the car could not help but mother for themselves the real injected, reliable information about the role of Justinian in the management of the empire in the whole period of time. Significant є thought dzherel and іstorikіv, Justin was unwritten, the old man and the ailment, i didn’t get into the snake to fit in with the sovereign right. On the thought of B. Rubin, in the competence of Justinian, the call of politics and state management was taken over. At the first hour, the church policy passed the meeting of the former commander Vitalian. Pislya vbivvatsiya Vіtalіan, in which Prokopіy zvinuvachuє especially Justinіana, dzherela means the overflow of Justinіana in the sovereign right. At the last hour of the health of the Emperor, he poured, obeyed the ailment, wounded old people in the leg. Aware of the approach of death, Justin saw at the church a message to the Senate about Justin's appointment as governor. The ceremony of going on Great Day, April 4, 527 - Justin's first squad of Theodore bully crowned yak serpent and sickle. Justinian residually took off his power after the death of Emperor Justin I 1. serpnya 527 to fate.

The name of the policy and the policy

Until the end of the rule of Justinian, the susides of the empire at the entrance of the boule are so called the "barbaric kingdoms" of the Germans, which were established in the 5th capital on the territory of the Western Roman Empire. In all the kingdoms, the conquerors accumulated an insignificant minority, and kept up the Roman culture on the sites of the inhabitants of the empire, they could reach the high social camp. At the earliest of the 6th century, the empires flourished in the reign of their prominent rulers - the Franks in the Pivne Galleia under Chlodwig, the Burgundy in the Loire Valley under Gundobad, the Ostrogoths in the Kingdom of Afghanistan under Theodore the Great, the West However, in 527 rots, since Justinian ascended the throne, the kingdoms were in a folding situation. In 508 rots of the Visigothic boules, they are wigned from a large part of Gaul with francs, and the kingdom of the boule is razdilene with the synonyms of Chlodwig. In the first half of the 530s from the francs, the burgundy was known. With the death of Theodoric in 526, a crisis arose in the Kingdoms of the Ostrogoths, wishing for the life of the ruler to escalate a conflict between the parties of adherents and opponents to the proximity of the Empire. A similar situation lay on the cob of 530 years in the Kingdom of the Vandals.

At the descent of the only enemy of Vizantiya Bulo, the Persian state of the Sassanids, in which the empire led with small interruptions, led the way of the III century. Until the ear of the 6th century, the state has been growing, approximately equal to the area of Vizantia, which stretched all the way to Mesopotamia at the entrance. The main wiklikas, which stood the power of Sasanians on the ear of Justinian rule, will be protected from the threat of the invasion of the Huns-eftalites, but for the first time the cordon came to the other half of the V th capital Approximately at the end of the hour, the people of Mazdak Rukh appeared, which opposed the aristocracy and the Zoroastrian clergy. On the ear of his rule, Shah Khosrov I Anushirvan (531-579), having pressed on the tip of the ruch, even before the end of his rule, it began to pose a threat to the state. During the reign of Justin I, the hundredth of the Great Patriots, knitted from Persia, did not become known. From the diplomatic podіvіtіnіtіonіstіvіtіvіon Shah Kavad, who proponuvа Justin in the mid 520s іvіdіvіd his sіn Khosrov аn the development of thіѕ waning man of the Roman Empire. The message of the bullet is seen.

In the name of Justinian's new policy, the name is tied for all the ideas of "renewal of the Roman Empire" or "reconstitution of the Entry." The first croc in a straight line was the conquest of Africa and the establishment of the Kingdom of the Vandals in 533 rots, which is a winery on the earliest conquest of the 5th capital of the territory of Roman Pivnichnoy Africa. Enlightening the whole enterprise in his Code, the emperor vvazhaє for the necessary "image and image", applied by the Arians-vandals of the Orthodox Church, and "allowing the people of the great provinces" from the yoke of slavery. As a result, the population is guilty of being able to live "in our happy rule". In the Danish hour of the theory of nutrition, if a meta is set. One of them, in Danish hour more widened, the idea of turning the Approach was started at Vizantia and was repaired from the end of the 5th century. It’s a point to go out from the same place, when we see the victory of the barbarian kingdoms, which promotes the arianism, guilty of the bully, the huge elements, as they didn’t think that Rome would lose the status of a great world and capital cities of civilization An alternative point of view, which does not prohibit the out-of-town protesters, turn Zahid into the bosom of civilization and orthodox religion, to carry out the winnings by the programs of specific events for success against vandals. On the corrosiveness of what to say, there are indirect signs, for example, the knowledge of the legislation and state documentation of the first third of the VI century, so that it is necessary to think about Africa, the history of the capital of Spain, and such At the religious glances Justinian bachiv in the promenade of the last political course of views of the visant GA Ostrogorsky. On yogo thought, like a Christian vladyka, Yustinian, having respected the Roman empire of the understandings, identical to the Christian light, and the overcoming of the Christian religion for a new setting for the sacred enterprises, as well as the innovation of Rome.

Internal policy

Power structure

The internal organization of the empire in the era of Justinian in its foundation was laid by the reincarnations of Diocletian, the power of which was continued under Theodosia I. The results of the process of robotics are presented in the famous monument Notitia dignitatum, It is carried out until the ear of the V capital. The whole document is a detailed rendition of all the ranks and positions of the civil and military society of the Empire. Winning the mind of the minds of the contemplation of the Christian monarchs of mechanism, which can be characterized as bureaucracy.

Vіyskove rozpodіl іmperії did not skid to the civilians. Vishcha vlada bula was raised among the leaders, magistri militum. At the school of the empire, zgidno Notitia dignitatum, Їх bulo p'yat: twoє at court ( magistri militum praesentales) The first three in the provinces of Fraction, Illirii and Descend (apparently, magistri militum per Thracias, per Illyricum, per Orientem). The duke ( duces) І Komito ( comites rei militares), Equivalent civil power, and rank spectabilis However, the keruyuchi districts do not accept Diocez in terms of size.

Justinian's fellow, Prokopiy Kesariysky, with the next words, I will describe those who saw the sign on the landing before the hour of the ruling: “Bo, in all Roman powers, Justinian robbed the offensive. Having brought up not-so-ordinary people, guilty for the great pennies for the sake of planting. For people are orderly, or for taking on a healthy deaf who has not been relieved of a certain amount of money for grabbing people who are not guilty. Having wiped off the gold, it was quiet, who came with it in the year, having given it the opportunity to work with everything, so that it would be enticed. Tim himself judged the rosory of all lands [from the government] at the same time from the populations, and from them they themselves should be found with the wealth. " (Prokopiy Kesarіyskiy "Taumna History" Chapter XXI, hours 9-12).

Even a tsikaviy visnovok, which Prokopiy to rob characterize the characteristics of Justinian: “It had gone before that the very name of a robber began to conceive an amiable people among them”. ("Taumna History" Chapter XXI, Part 14).

order

The basis of the Yustinian unit was laid by the ministries, all of them bore the title glorious The whole empire was defined by the core of what was known. Among them we will hire a good buv Prefect of Praetoria Go Having ruled most of the regions of empire, also having started a camp in finances, legislation, community administration, and judiciary. To others in terms of importance prefect of Mista- Keruvav in the capital; potim chief of services- Keruyuchy imperial house and office supplies; Quaestor of the Sacred Chambers- Minister of Justice, committee of sacred bounty- impersky skarbnik, private mine commitі committee Patrimonio- managed the emperor's mine; nareshty three presented-Head of the Mіlіtsііya, yakim pіdorіkovuvsya all garnіzon of the capital. Step behind the significance of the boule senator- the inflow of those with Justinia was getting faster and faster The committee of the sacred consistory- members of the emperor's sake.

ministri

The middle of the ministries of Justiniana is the first to name Quaestor of the Sacred Chambers Tribonya, head of the Imperial Chancellery. For the sake of it іm'am unruly tied to the right of the legislative reforms of Justinian. He was born in Buv from Pamphila and after serving in the lower ranks of the office and the establishment of his own pratsovitosti and the state of the art of the head of the office. For the moment, they are attracted to legal reforms and repentance to the vicious raztashuvannya of the emperor. At 529 rotsi vin it is assigned to the landing of the palace quaestor. On Triboniya to rely on the obligations of the head in the committees of the editors of Digesti, the Code and the Institute. Procopies are thirsty for their rosum and meat pulp, protects them in greed and habarity. Nika's insurrection in the meaning of the world bulo viclikano ominous Tribonya. Ale and nayvazhchu chilin the emperor without leaving his beloved. If I wanted to see Tribony, Kvesturi was given away, they gave the head of services to the post, and in 535 I was given the sign of the quaestor. Tribony zberig posad quaestor right up to death at 544 or 545 rr.

The former guilty party of the rebellion is Nika, the prefect of praetoria Ioann Kappadokiy. Being an ignorant prodigy, I was hanging out at Justinia’s natural penetration and success in financial endeavors to conquer the tsar’s courtesy and reject the imperial skarbnik’s estate. Nezabarom vіn buv news in gідніst illustrisі having trimmed the posad of the prefect of the province. Volodyuchi with unbounded rulership of win, having blamed himself with untouched cruelties, evil things in the right to fight against their empires. Yogo agents were allowed to use tortillas and drive them in order to reach the storehouse of Ioann himself. Having reached the nebulae of power, they were sent to the court party and aspired to the throne. Tse led him to an open connection with Theodora. In the course of the insurrection, Nika was replaced by Prefect Foka. However, in 534 rotsi Ioann turning his prefecture U 538 rotsi vin became a consul from patricians. Only the hatred of Feodoria and the unwittingly growing ambition called him to fall in 541 rotsi

Among the most important ministries of the first period of rule, Justinian followed the name of Hermogenes-gun as the head of services (530-535); the first offensive Basilides (536-539) of the quaestor in 532 rotsi, except for that committee of the sacred bounties of Kostyantin (528-533) and Strategy (535-537); also the private mine committee Flora (531-536).

Ioannu Cappadocian Usadkovuvav in 543 Petro Barsimes. Having felt like a merchant of goods, he was promptly sent to the shopkeepers of the merchant spritznosti and trade machinations. Proceed to the office, win zoom in to conquer the ingenuity of the empress. Theodora felt like a favor to her favorite in service with such energy, which gave a lead to the licks. On the prefect's office, he has continued the practice of Ioann of illegal wrestling and financial mischief. Speculations in khlib in 546 rots led to hunger in the capital and to the people's hygiene. The Emperor of Peter's temptations, unaware of the zahist Theodori. We take a zusillami of wine nezabar in the place of the imperial skarbnik. To navigate the death of the patroness of the wines, in the 555th turn, turning into the prefect of the praetoria, and in the turnover to the 559th turn together with the treasury.

The former Petro held out a bagatech of rockets to the office of the head of services and to one of the fuel ministries of Justinian. He was born in Buv iz Solunia and was a member of a lawyer in Constantinople, who became famous for his redness and legal knowledge. In 535 rotsi Justinian entrusted Peter with conducting negotiations with the king of the Ostrogoths Theodat. If Petro wished to talk to the vinyatkovo maisternistiu, wіn dwelling in a link in Ravenna and turning to the house only in 539 rotsi Turning to Batkіvschina, the ambassador, having obscured the cities, and having cut off the head of the head of services. Such respect for the diplomat gave a clue to the cribs about his honor before the imposition of Amalasunt. At 552 rotsi vin, having renounced Kvesturi, prodovzhuchi became the head of services. Petro occupied his posad until his death at 565 rots. Posada sedating Yogo Sin Theodore.

Among the generals of the great chiefs, the Vyskovy bonds with the sovereign and court settlements were unified. Commander Shittym last occupied the mission of the consul magister militum praesentalis... Belisarius, the last of all the posts, with a comit of sacred ordinances, with a comit of guardians, and staying at the end of the day before his death. Narses vikonuvav a number of townships at the inner chambers of the tsar-bouv kubikular, Spataru, the chief chief of the rulers-who won the victories to the emperor’s fortune with one of the most important zberigachiv tamnits.

Favority

Before the number of favorites, it is necessary to write for everything Markel - the committee of the emperor's guardians. People who are just, overly honest, at the sight of the emperor, reaching the level of selflessness. Injection to the imperator vin mav mayzhe bezmezhne; Justinian wrote that Markell didn’t leave the king's individual and wicked his grace to justice.

So the most significant favorite of Justinian Buv Evnuh and the commander Narses, the bagatorazov gave the emperor his vitality and never had a meal before. Navit Prokopia Kesarіyskogo zhodnogo once not seeing about Narses is nasty, calling him a people, but also energetic and cheerful for the eunuch. Being a nasty diplomat, Narses had a talk with the Persians, and also before the hour of the rebellion, Nika zumov came to buy and recruited senators, who, after having taken the posad, sent a sacred bedchamber, his own kind of the emperor’s first warden. Three of them, the Emperor has won the conquest of Italy from the ready. Narses zooming out of the ready and destroying the kingdom, for which he was given the sign for the post of the essarch of Italy.

The one especially, about the yak cannot be forgotten, є the squad of Belisarius, Antonina is the chief of the housekeeper and the friend of Feodori. Prokopіy about her, write to Mayzhe is also rotten, like about the tsarina herself. The youth of the won spent the burkhliv and ganebna, ale and, being a substitute for Velisar, bagatorazovo ball in the center of the court lashes through its scandalous suitability. In the back of the wickedness, the passion of Velisariya to her, they attributed chaklunism, and bliss, forgiving everything, Antonina was useful. Through the retinue, the commander of the bagatorazovo buv zaluchaєmo to the ganebna, often badly righteous, as the empress did through her favorite.

awesome activity

Ruynuvannya, scho mali mіsce pіd the hour of Nika's rebellion, allowed Justinian to stay and change to the beautiful Constantinople. The Emperor has lost his image in history, having stayed a masterpiece of Vizant architecture - the Cathedral of St. Sophia.

A fellow of Justiniana, Prokopiy Kesariysky, describes the work of the emperor in this way: “Bachachi, that the water supply of the place has become obsolete and delivers a small part of the water to the place, the stinks [staged] were not worthless. on those majestic NATOs they constantly choked on the dzherel, and all the small boules were closed. Tim for an hour on the sea, there was a lot of awesome stinks without a single word churned out majestic pennies, everywhere in front of the city it was being built, as if they could not reach the palaces, in which they were eagerly reigning before you. It was not because of the world of mercy, but because of the death of the human stench, the stench was violated by the restless water supply, so as nothing and nowhere more than Justinian was not ready to go by the way of wishing to take a penny and a lot of money. (Prokopiy Kesarіyskiy "Taumna History" Chapter XXVI, hours 23-24).

Serpent and insurrection

insurrection Nika

The party scheme in Constantinople was laid down before the reign of Justinian. "Zelenim" - often for monophysitists - favored by Anastasia, "blue" - often for Khalkidon's clerks - did their best under Justin, but they did not marvel at their sympathies until the apocryphal of the protesters of the new Fimoperat. The energetic projects of Justinian, with the absolute success of the officials, steadily growing tributes were displeased to the people, and the political conflict was raised. On the 13th of June 532 r in the form of "greens", as they rocked from the wretched skargs to the emperor on the cuffs on the side of the officials, they grew into burlivy stabbed by the wickedness of John of the Cappadocian and Tribonian. After a short time, the Emperor tried to talk and sound Tribonian and two other ministries; The rebels tried to tumble down without a mediocre Justinian and put Senator Hypatiy, who was a nephew of the nephew on the green and monophysite of the departed emperor Anastasia I. Gaslom rebellion becoming the cry "Nika!" ("Remagay!") Unimportant to the continuation of the insurrection and an ear of zavorushen on the streets of the city, Justinian fell into Constantinople for the beating of Theodori's squad:

The one who came to light, you can’t help but die;
Prokopiy Kesariysky, "Viyna with the Persians"

Spiraling on the podrome, the crowns of Hypatia were crowned with stinks, the rebels turned out to be unbearable and actually took Justinian into the palace. Only by the spilny zusillas from the same Vielsaria and Munda, who lost the message to the emperor, distant the vibrations of the rebels from the support points. Prokopiy rozpovidak, up to 30,000 undelivered hulks were driven in at the podrome. For the napolyagannyam Feodori, Justinian strativ tribe Anastasia.

the serpent of Artaban

In the course of the insurrection in Afritsa, Preyeka, the emperor's niece, the squad of the beaten-down messenger, was fed to the full until the rebels. If, when he was getting up, he was not relieved, the ryat_vnik appeared in the person of the young Vermenian officer Artaban, who beat Gontaris and was sounding to the princess. On the way to the house of the officer and Preyekta, Vinik Roman, and wondered her hand. On a turn to Constantinople Artaban Buv graciously accepted by the Emperor and ravaged over the cities, designated the minister of Libya and the commander of the federations - magister militum in praesenti comes foederatorum... At the preparatory stage, all Artaban's hopes fell: the capital had a squad, forgot about it for a long time, and didn’t think about turning to the cholovik, as long as it’s unbeatable. Vona came to the Empress and sponded Artaban's wife and Preyeki and Vimagati's friend. In addition, Theodora poured on the shyly shyubi princess with Ivan, the blue of Pompey and the onuk Gipania. Artaban buv very much of the enmity of the situation, he bent and nave shkoduvav about the service of the Romans.

At 548 rotsi, the unbarrel song of Feodori's death, all opponents were carried away in spirit. Ioann Kappadokiy turned to the capital, and the courtyard was hunted down by the intriga. Artaban secretly parted with the squad. At the same hour, Arsak, a relative of Artaban and a prince of the Arsakid family, buv vicrity among the znosins with the Persians and at the order of the king of the hanging. Tse sponded Arsak to shilyat Artaban to the steps against the emperor.

« І ty, - having said vin, - being my kindred, not in any way spivchuvash me, scho being arrogant humiliatingly; Well, my dear, I’m even shouting about your share of two squads, for which one is not due to merits, but because of the primus is guilty of life. To that nichto, it’s very important, whoever wants to snatch a rose, is not guilty of being guilty of taking part in Justin’s’s drive, for fear of some kind of fear: even if it’s like a fear: even if it’s like a fear: I’m constantly without being guarded by the old spirits until the night. from usіm zavziattyam books christiansky vchennya. And besides, - prodovzhuvav vin, - none of Justinian's relatives do not go against you. Hiring from them - Herman, as I think, is even more willing to share in the right time with you, as well as the very first child; the stench of a young man, and with his soul and soul ready to attack him and burn him against him. I hope that the smell and I can hoard for the right. The stench is seen by the screeching of them, as it is not for us, not for the others».

Germanos, the nephew of Justinian, recently praised his brother Borand, and one of the Bulls has a daughter. With the rise of the decline Justinian napolig, a great part of the decline has been lost for the girl, but HERMANOS did not match. The winners laid their hopes on the new one. The stench behind the help of the young warrior Khanarang turned up to Justin (synovi HERMANOS) with the chance to get the dad into the snake. However, Justin changed and transferred everything to HERMANOS. The one who turned to Markelov, the chief of the war, for joy - who followed all the princes of the princes. Markell, having gratified the blessings and help of Justin and Leonty, Opanas's nephew, saw the plans of the heroes - to beat the emperor in order to turn Belisarius, who went from Italy to Vizantia. Todi was told about everything to the king. Justinian called HERMANOS and Justin in prikhovanny snake. Ale Markell stood up for them, having seen them, so I'm glad to see them come and see them. Artaban and іnshi rioters bully accumulated and connected. Witm, Artaban turning his grace of the emperor and in 550 rubles of signs magister militum Thracie and vice versa.

serpent of argipratov

Vosni 562 roku yakis Avlabiy (vbivtsya) was appointed by Argiprat Markell and Sergiyem, nephew of the curator of one of the Emperor's palaces, Eter, with the imposition of the emperor. Avlabiy is guilty of killing Justinian in the trikliniya, de Justinian being guilty before the exit. Avlabiy, who did not know the way to independently penetrate into the tricleine, was entrusted to Eparch Eusebius and the Logophet Ioann. Evely ahead of the emperor about the swing and catching the wanderers and wielding their swords. Markell put his hands on himself, throwing himself on his sword. Sergiy Znik at the Vlakhernskoy Church and there is a burial building. For the sake of the areshta, the date of the meeting against Belisarius and the banker Ioann was passed over, as the stench was caught by the snakes, like the banker Vit and the curator of Belisarius - Pavlo. The offense saw the snitch of Buli, the prefect of the capital, Prokopia, and I will finish it, in the course of which they showed against Velisaria. 5 Chest on the local radio in the presence of Patriarch Uvtikhi and Belisarius himself, the emperor punishing the guilty wicked, sending Belisarius to the mercy of the settlement and the planting of the home aresht. Belisarius was disgraced by the greater pivrok, only when he sent Procopia, the false testimony of the wicked and Belisarius became forgiven.

provision of provisions

V Notitia dignitatum civil vlada vіddіlena vіd vіyskovoі, skin from them become an okreme vіdomstvo. Qia reform is carried out until the hour of Kostyantin the Great. In civilian society, the entire empire was divided into choti regions (prefectures), on some of which there were prefectures. The prefectures were inspired by the procession of the protectors of the prefect ( vicarii praefectorum). Dієcezії, in their own devil, dіlіlіya on provіntsії.

Sent to the throne of Kostyantin, Justinian of the outposts of the empire of the great in a general view: the fall of the empire after the death of Theodosia only typed in wraps. I will leave a part of the empire divided by the barbaric kingdoms, in Europe Vizantia has uttered only the Balkans and then without Dalmatia. In Asia, the whole of Asia Minor, Virmenske nagir'ya, Syria to Euphrates, Pivnichna Arabia, Palestine were located. In Afritsi, it went into utrimuvati tilki Egypt and Kirenaiku. In general, the empire was divided into 64 provinces in two prefectures: Skhid (51 provinces) and Illyricum (13 provinces). The situation in provinces was very important: Egypt and Syria showed a tendency until the end of the day. Oleksandriya Bula is a stronghold of monophysites. Palestine was shaken by disputes between the adversaries and opponents of the organization. Vіrmenії steadily pogrozhuvіyu Sasanіdi, Balkani turbuvali Ostgoti and will accept the words of the people. Justinian checked the majesty of the robot;

Constantinople

Vіrmenіya

The change, divided between the Vizantin and Persian and the arena of fighting between the two powers, is of little great strategic importance for the empire.

From the point of view of vіyskogo management, Vіrmenіya passed on a special camp, which is visible from the fact that in the period in the Pontic dієcezії from this eleventh provinces, only one dux was taken, dux Armeniae, Vlada yakogo was extended to three provinces, to Virmenia I and II and Polemoniyskiy Pont. Under Duksa Virmenia there were: 2 regiment of knight archers, 3 legion, 11 corrals of knots of 600 choloviks, 10 cohorts of pikhoti with 600 choloviks each. From them the cavalry, two legions and four cohorts stood beside Viremenia. On the cob tsaryuvannya Yustinіana in Vnutrіshnіy Vіrmenії posilivsya ruh proti іmperskih authorities yak vililosya in vіdkrite insurrection, headache cause of yakogo for svіdchennyam Prokopіya Kesarіyskogo, polyagala in obtyazhlivih podatki - ruler Vіrmenії Akakіy viroblyav nezakonnі levies i obklav kraїnu nebuvalim podatkom to chotiroh kentinarіїv. For the purpose of redirecting the station of the Buv to accept the Imperial decree on the reorganization of the military administration in the War and the recognition of the status of the military core to the Region of the City with the help of the chosen legions. Having arrived, Sita asked the Emperor to ask the Emperor about the new opodatkuvannya, however, as a result of the vicious monastic satraps, the temptations to join the battle with the rebels and zaginuv. The emperor sent the emperor against the warmen to the Vuza, who, energetically, zmusiv, would be vicious after the zakist before the Persian king Khosrov the Great.

Before the hour of the king Justinian at the time, an intensive business was conducted. Of the chotir books, the treatise "About Construct" is one of the most associated with Virmenia.

The reform of the sovereign administration, which was carried out in the government of Justinian, actually started at the camp in the War. The 8th novella was introduced to the 535 rock hinges; suffrage(Lat. Suffragium). Just before the whole story, the rulers of the Other and the Great War paid for their land for the first row, and the First Time - in a different way. Reforms went on, directing to the romance of the War. The 31st novella "About the Falling asleep of Chotiroh rulers of the Virmenia" is published until 536th. The novella has installed a new administrative subdivision of Virmeniya in the warehouses of some regions (Internal, Friend, Third and Quarter of Virmeniya), skin and various ways of management. Committee of the Third War in ranz justiniyanova committee having united the civil and the vіyskove with our own provinces. Aside from that, the novel has begun to be included in the number of provinces before, formally, independent regions.

At the development of the reform, a number of decrees were issued, directing to the change in the role of the traditional world aristocracy. edict " About the order of decay in virmen»Inspired by tradition, it’s a good idea to get rid of people. Novela 21 " About those who and time in the US have followed the Roman laws»Repeating the provisions of the edict clarify that the legal norms of the Warmonger are not guilty from those of the Imperials.

Vidnosini with Jews and Samaritans

Nutrition, assigned to the status and juridical peculiarities of the Jewish camp in the empire, is assigned a number of laws that are enacted in the previous rule. One of the most significant pre-just laws, the Code of Feodosia, the rules of the Emperor Theodosia II and Valentinian III, against 42 law, specially assigned to the Jews. Legislation, wanting to intervene the possibilities of propaganda for Judaism, gave rights to Jewish communities in the places.

From the first years of his rule, Justinian, based on the principle of "One power, one religion, one law", interlocking the rights of representatives of these confessions. Novel 131 vstanovlyuvala, that the church law for its status to the law of the state. Novel 537 roku vstanovlyuvala, but the Jews were guilty of more municipal tribute, the protest could not occupy the office of the land. Synagogues collapsed; in the synagogues zalishalsya zaboronyalya read the book of the Old Testament on the ancient Hebrew text, which is guilty of being replaced by a walnut or Latin translation. Tse wikklikalo rozkol in the middle of the Jewish priesthood, the conservative priests laid sherry on the reformers. Iudaism, according to the code of Justinian, did not discern yak єres and lay down to the number of lat. religio licitis, however, the Buli Samaritans are included in the same category as ovarian and heretic. Code of protection against Orthodox Christians.

All the utterances echoed on the ear of the king Justin of the insurrection in Palestine, Jews and loved ones, according to the Samaritans, by the name of Yulian ben Sabar. For the help of the Arab-Gassanids, the insurrection was violently strangled in 531 rots. In the course of the smothering of the insurrection, it was driven into slavery for 100 yew. The Samaritans, the people of whom, as a result, may be known. For the sainthood of Ioann Malali, 50 thousand people were surpassed alive and flowed into Iran for the help of Shah Kavad.

In the end of his tsar, Justinian once again returned to the Jewish diet, and published in 553 the novel 146. The original story of the Bulo Viclicano is an irreversible conflict of Jewish traditions and the reformers of the world. Justinian, obeying the thought of the Fathers of the Church about those who twisted the text of the Old Testament by the Jews, barring the Talmud, as it is and yo commentary (Gemara and Midrash). Only walnuts were allowed to be victorious, punishable for dissenting boules.

religious policy

Religiynі look

Let yourself be asleep like a decline of Roman Caesars, Justinian, having instilled in his own way to create the Roman empire, bazhayuchi at the same time, that in the state there will be one law and one vira. Vyhodyach according to the principle of absolute power, win respecting, but in a good power, everything is guilty of imperial respect. Reasonably the importance of the church for the sovereign government, I have reported my success before she won her will. Є Discussion about the primacy of the sovereign and religious interests of Justinian. Seemingly, I accepted, that the Emperor was the author of the numerical sheets on the religions by those addressed to tats and patriarchs, as well as treatises and church traditions.

The axis of writing about the placement to the church of the Christian viri, the emperor's fellow, Prokopii Kesarijsky: “At the christian viri vin, he stood up, sounding solid, but turned into a bend for children. In truth, I have allowed the clergymen to harmlessly spread rot on the susides, and, if the stench was snatched up to the ground, I was filled with joy, I am proud, and with such a rank of wine I showed my piety. І creative judgment from those on the right, vvvavvavvazh, how to rob the good of the right, as if there are some, shrines, shrines, moving away, appropriating those who did not belong to him. " (Prokopiy Kesareyskiy "Taumna History" Ch. XIII, Part 4.5).

In view of his rivals, Justinian respecting his right not only to eat food, to tie up to the church's authority and power, but to establish the middle of his singing dogma. Yakogo a straightforwardly seen emperor, such a straightforward mali dontrimuvatisya і yo pіddanі. Justinian regulating the clergy's beating, substituting for his own investigation of the court, acting as a middleman and court in the clergy. He is the patron of the church in the person of the ministers, with the construction of churches, monasteries, many of the privileges; nareshty, the emperor has set up, having taken the first place in the middle of all the past empires, having left the norm of rightful rule, taking part in the dogmatic super-speeches and giving, in conclusion, the solution of the spiritually-minded dogmatics.

A similar policy of religious revelation in the religious and church right, right up to the clashes of the religious perekonan of the people, was especially clearly manifested by Justin, in the history I called the tsarist, and the only one who was one of the types of emperor to find such

Today's witnesses see offensive fundamental principles of Justinian's religious views:

Vіrnіst Oros Khalkіdonskogo Cathedral;
The vernacular of the Orthodox idea of St. Cyril Oleksandriyskogo, who will turn around in the bosom of the church;
"Neohalkidonizm", "Yustinianizm" - creative synthesis of the Christology of the Chalkydon cathedral and the celebration of St. Cyril of Oleksandriyskiy - Justin іn іnіdіdіdіd thіth polemіnіvіlіvіlіvіd thіs іn thе thеmіnу іn thе Ephesian Cathedral іn 12 anathematisms іn Cyril Oleksandriyskiy, аnd the differences of Christology of Cyril and Halkidon were not explained by the thermology Stverdzhuvalosya scho naspravdі Kyrylo nіbito CCB prihilnikom halkіdonskogo vіrovchennya (symbol vіri, napriklad, Vіrmenskoї apostolskoї church on vіrmenskіy movі virtue Especially vіrmenskoї MTIE dіysno mozhna vitlumachiti sama so - Ale vikoristanu by Kiril hristologіchnu formula Apollіnarіya Laodіkeyskogo davnogretskoyu movoyu P'yaty Vselensky Cathedral bezzasterezhno sue ).

Vidnosini with Rome

Vidnosini with monofizites

At the religious meeting of the Tsar Justinian Bulo protistoyannya dіofіzіtov for the Orthodox Christians, if you visit them with a dominant confession, and monofizitiv... If I want the emperor to be a chill to Orthodoxy, I want to know a compromise and to establish a relationship. From the side, the squad sympathized with the apocrypha.

In the period of monophysity, in the middle provinces - in Syria and Egypt, not just one. It was seen as a minimum of two great groups - do not go to the compromise of akephals and those who accept Zeno's Enotecon.

Monofizitstvo was denuded by Uressu on the Chalkydonsky Cathedral 451 rock. Previously, by Justinian Vіzantіyskі imperatorii V and VI centuries Flavіy Zenon and Anastasіy I were positively placed before monophysitism, but only started the relіgііynі vіdnosіnі mіzh Constantinople and Roman bishops. Justin I, having turned back the tendencies and confirmed the Chalkydon doctrine, brought the monophysite condemnation to justice. Yustinian, who continued the religious policy of his uncle Yustin, trying to impose the absolute relevance of his children, accept the decisions of the Church, take the minds of the Church, agree to the minds of the parties Win suspected at the Syrian church "Nestorians" and the Church I descend the cult of Divi Marya, an apologist for such a bouv, Ophrem Sirin, and the cult of a quiet feast in the Roman church. Ale before the end of life, Justinian became a zhorstkishe to be put before the dyophysites, especially with the manifestation of aftarodoketstvo, ale he died earlier, now he has published legislation that prompts the meaning of yogic dogmas.

outbreak of organization

Near the opening of Origen Oleksandriyskiy list, the lamas were repaired from the III century. On one side, the robots made great respect for such great Fathers, like Ioann Chrysostom, Grigoriy Niskiy, on the other side, so great theologians, like Petro Oleksandriyskiy, Epiphany Kiphenichynskiy, blessed Oleksandr Around the time of Origen's birth, the Plutan was brought in by those who began to ascribe to the ideas of those who passed away, who were heavy to Gnosticism - by the heady twitches, hanging against the origenists, who, as soon as they were, they didn’t get overwhelmed by the souls. Protestably, the number of Origen's adherents grew, including those of great theologians, like the martyr Pamphil (who wrote the Apology to Origen) and Evseviy Kesarisky, which is a mav in his own ordained archives Origen.

In the 5th century, addictions about religion subsided, but on the ear of the 6th century In Palestine, there is a theological storm. Syrian Stefan bar-Sudan is writing "The Book of St. Iuropheus", who are zmіshyuchi in the unity of Origenism, Gnosticism and Kabbalah and attributing the authorship of St. Ierofey uchnevi sv Dionisia Areopagita. In Palestinian monasteries, theological distemper is obeyed. All for a few rockies zavorushennya hunted down the whole of Palestine, and moreover, the organizations appeared at the Great Lavra. At 531 rotsi 92-richen st. Sava of Consecrations, going to Constantinople, ask Justinian for help in bringing Palestine to Palestine for the Samaritan victory, and if they ask to know how to tidy up the troubled orgenists, as they fixed the disorder in the New Lavra. Justinian vibuhnuv the genius messengers of Patriarch Minis to condemn the organization.

On the right, with the thunderous thunder of the organism, it dragged on for 10 years. Maybutniy Tato Pelagiy, who saw Palestine in the end of the 530s, passed through Constantinople, telling Justinian that he shouldn’t know Origen’s, but the Great Lavra would need to put things in order. Pisl Sveti Saint Savie sanctified by Cheri Abstract Chernetwhae Vastouied Svyati Kirіak, Іонн ісіхат і Warsonufіy. Novolavr'skie organizations dyzhe shvidko knew injected addicts. At 541 rotsi stinks along the wire, Nonna and Bishop Leontius attacked the Great Lavra and beat the inhabitants. The deyaki from them went to the Patriarch of Antioch Ophrem, who at the Council 542 for the first time condemned the Origenists.

For the editors of the bishops of Leontiy, Domitsian of Ankir and Theodore of Kesar, Nonn squeezing in the eyes of the Patriarch of Russia, Peter, vikreslity from the diptychs of the Antiokhiy Patriarch. Tse vimoga wikklikala majesty hvilyuvannya in the Orthodox Church. Poboyuyuchis vplivovih pokrovitelіv orіgenіstov i usvіdomlyuyuchi nemozhlivіst zdіysnennya їh vimogi, Єrusalimsky patrіarh Petro taєmno zaklikaet arhіmandritіv Velikoї Lavrov i Monastir Holy Feodosіya Gelasіya Sofronіya i i zvelіv їm sklasti tvіr proti orіgenstvuyuschіh to yakogo b dodavalosya Prokhanov about zberezhennya diptych іmenі Antіohіyskogo patrіarha Єfrema. Tsei tvir patriarch sent the emperor Justinian himself, giving him a message to his special person, in which he described in detail all the evil doctrines and lawlessness of the origenists. Patriarch of Constantinople Mina, and especially the representative of the Roman Pope Pelagiy, hotly adhered to the beasts of the inhabitants of the Lavry of St. Savi. From the drive to 543 in Constantinople there is a cathedral, on which boules are condemned Domitian Ankirsky, Feodor ASKID and the heresy of origenism in general ..

P'yaty Ecumenical Cathedral

The conciliatory policy of Justinian in relation to the pre-apocryphal policy wicked dissatisfaction in Rome, and in Constantinople in 535 when Pope Agapit I arrived, as a socially orthodox party of the apocryphalists in the face of opposition to the policy of antiphysiology, patriarchs Anfim bouv of revelations, and on the yogi moment of signs of crossings, the Orthodox presbyter Mina.

Having committed an act in food about the patriarch, Justinian did not see any further attempts to reconcile with monophysites. For the emperor, he gave a message about "three chapters", so that about three church writings of the 5th century, Theodore I didn’t bully on new judgments. Justinian viznav, that in this vipad the monophysity of the right and that the Orthodox are guilty of this deed.

The emperor’s bazhannya wicked over the old times, as the stench was thrown into the whole zezhannya to the authority of the Chalkydon cathedral, for a moment we inherited an analogous glance at the Nikeysky cathedral. The same was true of the food, who could have anathematized them, and even all three writers died in the next column. Nareshti, deyaki representatives of the Entry were trimmed with these thoughts, but the emperor, by his decree, creates violence against the whole of the church members. The rest of the idea did not disappear in the congregational church, the dedication of the emperor's power to the creation of dogmatic superchains was fixed by the practice. In the bag, the decree of Justinian of the ecclesiastical significance was not taken away.

I met with a positive attitude to the nutrition, Justin went to the current tata of Vigil to Constantinople, having lived for more than seven years. The first position of the tat, which was sent by the arrival of the cry, rebelled against the decree of Justin and in the sight of the church of the Patriarch of Constantinople Minu, changed and in 548 years saw the condemnation of three chapters, so titles ludicatum, І in such a rank, having brought his voice to the voice of those of the old patriarchs. However, the western church did not grasp the deeds of Vigil. Pope in the flow of a backward church, dad started to talk in his decision and taking back ludicatum... In such surroundings, Justinian Virishiv went to the Ecumenical Cathedral, which was selected in Constantinople at 553 rots.

The results of the cathedral were, in general, due to the will of the emperor.

Vidnosini with ovaries

Justinian bouly zroblenі croki for the residual vikorіnennya surplus language. Even on the cob of the king, you have seen the edict, who punished the observational christening for all languages and households. Throughout all the rule in the empire, there were political processes against foreigners that did not want to change their faith. Under the new boules, the remaining churches were built. At 529 rotsi win, having closed the famous philosophical school in Afiny. The symbolic meaning is of little importance, since until the moment of the beginning the school had lost the leading position in the middle of the educational establishment for the purpose of being held in the V century under Theodosia II of the University of Constantinople. When the school was closed under Justin of the Athenian professor, some of them moved to Persia, and they became the individual of Khosrov I Shanuvalnik Plato; the school was confiscated. In the same place, in which St. Benedict zruynuvav the remains of the national sanctuary in Italy, and the temple of Apollo itself in the sacred caius on Monte Cassino, the firmament of the ancient language in Greece was also painted. In an hour Afiny spent their residual value in the cultural center and re-created in a remote provincial place. The general victorious language of Justinian is not enough; The copy of Kesar's writing was not carried out through the bazhanya to solidify Christianity, as from the spraying you can get to the hands of the languages

reform

Political look

Justin without a super-cross, having set the throne, having zoomed away from a distance, put down all the visible supernicks and add all the visible supernicks and add the growing groups of the suspension; churches (navіt roman tats) will add to your suvorim Orthodoxy; the senatorial aristocracy was lured by the obedient supporters of all the privileges and by the naughty caress of the beast; the distribution of the holy and the generous distribution of wines, having won the lust of the capital's lowlands. The thoughts of the fellows about Justinian Bully are even worse. To navigate in the assessment of Procopia, to serve as the head dzherel for the history of the emperor, to be destroyed: in some works ("Viyny" and "Budivly"), іstorіya ") sharply blacken your memory, calling the emperor" we’re evil "(μωροκακοήθης). All the while greatly accelerating the faithfulness of the restoration of the spiritual image of the king. Insanely, in the specialty of Justinian, reasoning and moral contrasts are inharmoniously intertwined. Winning the plans for the improvement of the power of the state, altogether not in sufficient creative forces for the purpose of making it all the better and more likely to stay; vin pretending to be a reformer, and just kindly take over his ideas. It is simple, accessible and streaming in its little characters - and at the same time, in the time of embarrassment, as well as success, having pikhatuyu with an etiquette and unbroken rosette. Straightforwardness and seemingly kindheartedness have been matched by a new ruler, little by little, to the step and breach of the ruler, who has been steadily gaining power from all sorts of problems and swings. Good-naturedness to people, as they are not harsh, often pissed off by the thieves. Generosity in terms of living up to classrooms has come to grips with greed and unrestrainedness in order to add pennies to secure a representative, who are seen by the understanding of the power of the future. Pragnennya to justice, about yaku constantly speaking, suffocating with an impenetrable burning panuvannya and virostayut on such a runt. Vin declaring claims to bezmeless authority, and the will of a new bully in a well-to-do chilin is often weak and unnerving; it was not only because of the strong character of the squad of his Feodory, but only to see insignificant people, to see the boyguz. All the garbage and wadis, little by little, were unanimous and came close to the first plan, which was quickly turned to despotism. With the pouring of yogh piety transformed into religion intolerance, and intolerance that went into the zhorstoki for the care of the virgin that he knew. All this led to the results of even more zealous hopes, and by them alone it is important to explain why Justin was insured to the rank of “greats”, and the king was so important. On the right, in that, in addition to the significance of the authorities, Justinian is kindly aware of the past and positively phenomenal prazdatnistyu. As a matter of fact, it’s good for the skin to be well-ordered, it’s a matter of political and administrative, religious, and rosy life of the empire, there was a particular kind of food in every kind of food in quiet areas until now. More beautifully to glimpse the historical figure of the king of the fact that the monarchy of the monarchy of the provincial peasantry is mindful and firmly in possession of these two grand ideas, the commandments of the tradition of the great Roman holy day Combining both into one theory and holding the rest of the middle state power to become the originality of the concept, as it became the day of the political doctrine of the Vizantyyskoy empire; on the right Justiniana є first with a break through the formula of the system and the introduction into life. An all-powerful power, which is set up by the will of the autocratic sovereign - such a bully mriya, yaku spraying the king from the very cob of the king. I save my life, turn back into the old Roman territory, then - give a zalny law, so that the inhabitants will be safe, nareshti - solidify the faith, as all the people have come to worship the God-given truth. Such are the three present, on which Justinian rose to persuade their power. Vіn neporushno vіvіv in the new: "there is no nothing else and holy imperial magnificence"; "The creators of law themselves said that the will of the monarch can force the law"; “Who can do it, and that riddle to the law, like not the one who alone can do anything?”; “There’s one good day to spend days and nights in the country’s country, thinking about the good of the people.” All the decrees and the sheets were compiled with a guide about Great Rome in the history of which wine was drawn from the knowledge

Justinian first clearly opposed the people's will "the mercy of God", as the sovereignty of the sovereign power. You will be able to change the thresholds, see the just laws. ” "Anointed of God" in history. This prompted the power (Roman-Christian). in the hour of our rule, God did not grant the Romans such a power ... whom God has recognized as unfair the whole ancient world ”. Bagato zol Yustinian, having overshadowed the pose of likuvanny, gave birth to a new politician, and not less than great glorified a folk legend in the new regions. All lands, which have accelerated due to their legislation, have magnified its glory.

state reform

Immediately, with the victories of the success of Justinian, he was busy with the changes of the sovereign apparatus and having compiled the information. Tsi reform bully unpopular, but called up to the insurrection "Nika", but the ice did not deny the throne.

Bully carried out administrative reforms:

Z'єdnannya civil and vіyskovoi posad.
pay for the fence, pay the salary to the officials, inform them about the pragmatism of the fence and corruption.
The official fenced off kupuvati land there de vin serving.

For those who are often praised at night, they called the yogo "the sleepless sovereign" (Greek Βασιλεύς άκοιμητος).

Legal reforms

One of the first projects of Justinian Bula brought about a large-scale legal reform through the presidency to ascend the throne.

Vikoristovuchi the talent of his own minister Tribonian, at 528 m Justinian ordered to look over the Roman law again, placing him in the same way as unverifiable in the formal legal plan, as in three capitals earlier. Three main warehouses of Roman law - Digesti, the Code of Justinian and Institute - boules completed in 534 r

To pragmatic decisions 554 to rock Justinian banned victorious laws in Italy. The very copy of the yogo codification of Roman law was consumed before the Italian. If you want a stench, and they didn’t put on a lot of money, one handwritten manuscript was written by Digesti (you knew it in Piznі, and then we got it from Florence).

economic reforms

pidbags

Pidsumok is right, uncle who has gone to characterize the Emperor Justin Other:

"We knew the belongings of the rosorenoi Borgs and brought to the extreme teeth, and the army was driven to such a level, that the state was given to unlimited bulk and barbaric attacks"

In the Epoch of Education, having overcome the negative glance at the bags of the ruler of Justinian, one of the first turns Montesk'є in his "Thought about the greatness and fall of the Romans" (1734)

Ale the rotten rule of Justinian - yogh marnotraty, utiski, vimagannya, do not self-praise until awakening, change, revival, - zhorstok and weak rule, as it has become more and more heavy-handed in the years of old
Ch. XX, prov. N. Sarkitova

On the thought of Dil's friend, the part of the Emperor's rule is marked by the serious weakening of his respect for the sovereign rights. The turning stages in the life of the king were the plague, like Justinian was transferred to 542, and the death of Fedori in 548, however, a positive look at the bags of the Emperor's government.

memory

The quality and quality of the image

Descriptions of the outgoing viglyad Justinian spared nebagato. Have your local history Prokopiy describes Justinian as an offensive rank:

Buv vіn is not great and not tighter than maliy, a little more middle-aged, not thin, a little slightly overweight; denouncing in a new bulo rounded and not dimmed by beauty, more and writing a post on a new engraving rum'yanets. I’ll say that in the nebagatokh words of giving an announcement about his name, I’ll say that he’s like Domitian, Sina Vespasian, the evil of the Romans appeared to be like this world, and I’m against the rosies, who didn’t blame him on the back. the decision to the Senate, the letters did not miss the mark and did not lose the desired image.
"Taumna history", VIII, 12-13

Ioann Malala dopovnyuє, scho Justinian buv of low growth, broad-breasted, with a beautiful nose, the color of the maw of light, curly hair with a dim fox, the head and the wus began to sleep early. The mosaics of the Church of San Vitale and the Church of Sant Apollinaria Nuovo, an offense in Ravenna, have been preserved from the surviving images. It is faster to carry up to 547 rots, the other is reduced by about ten rock. In the apse of San Vitale there is an imperator of images with podvizhennyh accusations, curly hair, wipe vusami, vladimi gaze. At the mosaic in the church of Sant'Apollinaria, the emperor is old, a little old without vusiv, remembering other children.

Justin was given images on one of the largest (36 solids or ½-pounds) vidumed medals, stolen in 1831 from the Paris cabinet of medals. The medallion was reflowed, it was protected from the image and from ills, so that it was allowed to use the copy.

The Roman-Nimetsky Museum in Cologne obtains a copy of the statue of Justinian from the Egyptian Marmur. The song about the call of the Emperor is given to the little ones built in 542 of the colony of Justinian. The appearances in Kerch in 1891 were made and taken at once in the Hermitage of the middle misssories in the collection of the images of Justinian. You can, Justinian of images and on the famous diptych Barberin, go to the Louvre.

A great number of coins were issued for the rule of Justinian. In the form of coins-donations in 36 and 4.5 solids, solids from the images of the emperor in the consular selection, as well as the rare aureus of 5.43 g, carbation according to the old Roman foot. The face of all the coins is borrowed with either three-quarter, or a profile bust of the emperor, in sholomi or without him. Justin the Great... The Orthodox Church is entrusted with saints, as well as being designated as active Protestant churches.

Image in literature

Until our hour dіyshli literature create, Written for the life of Justinian, in which he was glorified either by his rule in full, or by the end of the day. Let them know: "The exhortatory chapter to Emperor Justinian" by Diyakon Agapit, "About the sporudi" by Prokopia of Kesarіyskiy, "Ekfrasіsa of Holy Sophia" by Pavel Sіlentsіarіya, "On the earthly russe of the Romans and poems"

Pislya changing the emperor Justinian Prokopiy Kesariyyskiy, Vasilev's fellow, abruptly changing his thought about him on the other side, just to describe the character of him in the book "Taumna History". So Prokopiy describes the deceased emperor: “Otzhe, tsey Vasilevs vikoniy of cunning, admittance, in the minds of weakness, , albeit piece by piece, wicked in the hour of need in the world ... An innocent friend, an unflagging thief, brutely sprang into vivification and robbery, schilastic to the brink, a great lover of innovation and upheavals, easily malleable to evil, unseemly vicious the idea and the vikonannya of the filthy, about the good news and read the rumors for not being busy. " Prokopiy Kesarіyskiy "Taumna History" Ch. 8 hours 24-26

The first three gave in the same place: “How can you convey in words the character of Justinian? Cimi that bagatma with even larger shortcomings of the Volodya in the world is important, but not in the eyes of the human community. But it seems that nature, having taken all the nasty things in them from these people, has taken over in the souls of the people ... vin viyaviv bi, so many people have been driven in by more people, less for the entire next hour. " Ibid, hours 27-30.

Popular biographies

Emperor Justinian. Mosaic in Ravenna. VI Art.

Maybutny Emperor Vizantiya was born close to 482 rock in the small Macedonian village Tauris in the family of a peasant. At Constantinople, he had a meal at the request of his uncle Justin, the injected courtier. Justin did not have his children, because he was the patron saint of his nephew: he went to the capital, and he didn’t care about them, and became unwritten, giving his garn an illumination, and then I’ll know to sit at the court. In 518. the senate, the guards and the inhabitants of Constantinople voted the old Justin as emperor, and that nebar did not kill his nephew as the governor. Justiniana were brought up by a clear mind, a broad political outlook, rationality, ease and vinyatkova prazdatnost. The people who robbed him were actually the ruler of the empire. Great is the role of the leader and the young, beautiful squad of Theodore. Life went on unwittingly: the daughter of a poor circus artist, the circus artist herself, she went to Oleksandriya on the 20th day of her life, depleted it by pouring in mysticism and chemistry and redefinition, making it brilliant. Beautiful and charming, Theodora volodila, by a bright will and appeared to be an irreplaceable friend to the emperor in twisted hilin. Justinian and Theodora bully a good couple, I want the evil languages do not give peace of mind to their union.

In 527, when the uncle died, the 45-year-old Justinian became an autocrat - autocrat - the empire of the Romans, which was called Todi Vizantiyska empire.

Having taken away the power at an important hour: from the colossal Roman powers, only one part was lost, and in the territory of the Western Roman Empire the barbarous kingdoms were established: the Visigoths in Spain, the East The Christian church was torn apart by superpereches about those who had Christ as "god-people"; The fallow peasants (colonies) rocked and did not crush the land, the nobles rocked the common people, the places were shaken by riots, the finances of the empire in the West. Vryatuvati camp can be easily deprived of ludicrous and self-explanatory visits, і Justinian, someone else’s rozkoshi і agreeable, broadly Orthodox Christian, theologian and politician, as you can’t be more beautiful for the role.

The tsar Justinian I clearly see the number of steps. Ear of righteousness (527-532 rr.) Bulo with a period of wide benevolence, distribution of households to the people, lower taxes, help to suffer from the earthworm in the places. At the end of the day, the positions of the Christian Church have changed in the struggle with the other religions: in Athens, the last stronghold of the language is the Platonic Academy; obmezhenі mozhlivostі for vіdkritogo spovіdannya kultіv other faiths -.. іudeїv, Samaritan i t d Tse LUVs perіod voєn of susіdnoї іranskoї powers Sasanіdіv for vpliv in Pіvdennіy Aravії, metoyu yakih bulo zmіtsnitisya in ports Іndіyskogo ocean i tim pіdіrvati monopolіyu Іranu on torgіvlyu shovkom of Kitaєm. It will take an hour to fight against the sisters and the evil nobles.

The main idea of this stage is the reform of law. At 528 r Justinian Bula, a comic of prestigious lawyers and state actors was established. The lead role in niy grav fakhivets is by right Trebonian. The committee prepared the laws of imperial decrees - the "Code of Justinian", the stars of the Roman lawyers - "Digesti", as well as the certificate according to the law - "Institute". Carrying out the legislative reform, we went about the need to reconcile the norms of classical Roman law with the spiritual values of Christianity. There appeared a price for everything in the structure of the United system of the imperial community and the prodigality of the community before the law. Moreover, under Justin's adoption from Ancient Rome, the laws, tied with private authority, took the remnant viglyad. Moreover, the laws of Justinian looked at the slave not as ric - "to speak in a wise way", but as a man. If I wanted slavery, I saw a lot of possibilities for the slave: when I became a bishop, I went to a monastery, and I became a soldier; the slave was hardened, and the hammering of someone else's slave taxed a horstoku punishment. Moreover, under the new laws of the rights of women in the homeland, there will be children with the rights of a person. The laws of Justinian protected the judgments of the Church of Separation. At the same time on the right I could not but impose the video beats of the era. Frequent boules of strati: for commoners - rozp'yattya on the chresti, bedroom, giving to wild animals, beating them to death, quartering; noble individuals were beheaded. To the death of carnivore and the image of the emperor, to bring the sculptural images to life.

The reforms of the Emperor were interrupted by the popular uprisings "Nika" in Constantinople (532 r). Everything started from the conflict between two parties of the murderers in the circus: Venets ("blakytny") and prassin ("green"). These are not only sports, but only some social and political unions. Political images have been added to the traditional struggle against the whiteness: the prays were respected, but the uryad was deprived, and the Venetians were protesting. In addition, the lower populace was not satisfied with the evil of the "minister of finance" Justin - Ioann Cappadocian, the nobility was encouraged to see the emperor-whiskey. The leaders of the prasinov presented their vimogs to the emperor, moreover, in a tighter form, and if they had seen them, they called him in vain and left the circus. Tim by the autocrat himself has been inflicted on the neuvane image. The situation eased up now, since, on the same day, they stood up against both parties and condemned them to death;

Todi Bula is fired Edina "green-blakitna" party with extinguished "Nika!" (Circus cry "Remagay!"). In the midst of a violent rebellion, there was a riot. The Emperor, having delayed his actions, having brought the most hated peoples' ministries, didn’t bring any peace of mind. A great role was played by those who handed out the rebellion to the plebs as gifts and spirits, who were bursting to death. They didn’t give anything to try to strangle the insurrection by force behind an additional enclosure of barbarians, nor did they publish the emperor's repentance with the evangel in his hands. The rioters were in charge of the current situation and voted as emperor of the noble senator Ipatiya. Pozhezh the team grew more and more. "Misto presenting a bunch of chorniyut ruin", - the participant wrote. Justinian, who was ready to face it, but at the same moment the Empress Theodora declared that she was proud of death in the past and that "the purple of the emperor is a vidminny shroud." The trick played a great role, and Justinian virishiv struggled. In the first place, they were able to gain control over the capital in an attempt to establish control over the capital: the capture of the commander Belisarius, overpowering the Persians, penetrated the circus, de issovish mingling of the beaters, and having ruled out the money there. They said that 35 yew had gone down. Cholovik, the ale of Justinian's throne, standing up.

A terrible catastrophe, as it spit through Constantinople, - death and death - did not knock down, however, neither Justinian nor the city dwellers were in the middle of it. At the same time, at the end of the execution, there was a burst of buoyancy. Paphos is renewed having acquired a wide variety of townspeople. In which sense it is possible to say that the place has become a song, like the Cossack bird Fenix, and it has become even more beautiful. The symbol of the tsiy bulo, zychayno, awakening diva of divas - the Constantinople Church of St. Sophia. At once, at 532 m, it was gone by the main architects from the province - Anfimia from Tral and Isidora from Mileta. The name of the awakening did not give the appearance of anything to spoil, but the miracle of the re-creation appeared in the middle, since it was hanging under the magnificent mosaic dome, as if it were bi hanging at the turn without any support. The dome with a cross was widening over the people, they prayed, symbolizing the divine covering over the empire and the capital. Justinian did not realize that he had a divine sanction. The Holy One has a seat on the left part of the throne, and the rights of the empty ball are on the invisibly presence of Christ. The autocrator was mriyav, invisible, covering the future of deliveries over the Roman Seredzemnomors. The idea of the renewal of the Christian empire - the "Roman booth" - Justinian nudged all the suspension.

If the dome of Constantinople Sophia was built, another stage of the government of Justiniana (532-540 rr.) Was built from the Great Visible Campaign to Zakhid.

Until the end of the first third of the VI Art. The barbaric kingdoms, which were celebrated in the western part of the Roman Empire, were going through a great crisis. Oh, she was torn apart by the Religin Vorozhnecha: the main population was supportive of Orthodoxy, Ale Barbarians, Goths and Vandals, Bully Arians, and when the vchennya bulo was denounced by Aressyu, condemned in the IV Art. at the I and II Ecumenical Councils of the Christian Church. All the middle of the barbarian tribes themselves at a quick pace were socially developed, they were encouraged by the warriors among the nobility and commoners, and the great number of armies was growing. The elite of the kingdoms of the Bula is occupied by intrigues and snakes, and not too much about the interests of their powers. The main population of the country was visitor and visitor. The drive for the ear of war in Afritsa was those who brought down the legitimate king - one empire - by the Vandal nobility and put their kinsman Gelizmer on the throne. At 533 r Justinian led the 16 thousandth army under the command of Belisarius to the African shores. Vizantiytsyam in the distance secretly hangs and unfailingly occupy the capital of the Vandal kingdom of Carthage. The Orthodox clergy and the Roman aristocracy made an imperative imperative. Ordinary people were also put up before they appeared responsively, like Belisarius Suvoro carav robbery and looting. King Gelizmer reigned in organizing the opir, ale procrastinating the battle. Vizantiytsyam helped vipadkovist: on the cob of battle, having lost the brother of the king, and Gelizmer leaving the vіyska, sob to win him. The Vandals were flying, as the king of all, and the army was hunted by the panika. All Africa fell into the hands of Belisarius. Under Justinian I, a grandiose state of affairs sprang up here - 150 new towns were spurred on, renewed trade contacts with Sredny Seredzemomors. Provincy was going through the economic period of all 100 years, after leaving the warehouse in the empire's warehouse.

As a trail to the arrival of Africa, I felt guilt for the volodinya as the historical core of the old part of the empire - the Italian. The drive for the ear of wine was the knocking down of the legitimate queen of the Ostrogoths Amalasunt by the head Teo-date. Vlіtku 535 r Belisarius with an eight thousand corral hanging in Sicily and in a short term, may not be able to find support, having occupied the island. On the offensive rіk yogo vіysko ferried to the Apenninsky pіvostrіv і, unaffected by the majestic numerical pass of the enemy, in addition to the first and the central part. The Italians everywhere scouted Belisarius with quotes, opir repaired the deprivation of Naples. The role of the Christian Church was great in such an education to the people. In addition, in the camp of the Ostrogovs, the panuvav razbrid: the incursion of the fearful and plodding Teodat, the revolt among the vyskahs. The army vibrated as the new king of Viti-Gis - a brave soldier, a weak politician. Belisarius's attack was not likely to take place, and in the chest 536 rubles the last army occupied Rome without a fight. The clergy and the townspeople ruled the visitor soldiers to the urochist zustrich. The population of Іtalії bіlsh didn’t bother the authorities of the Ostrogoths, it’s easy to check the offensive fact. If the attachments were 537 rubles, the five thousandth outbreak of Belisarius was imposed on Rome by the majestic army of Vitigis, the battle for Rome was trival for 14 months; Not thirsty for hunger and ailments, the Romans saved the vitality of the empire and did not let Vitigis into the place. It is revealing and those, that the king of the Ostrogoths himself drukuvav coins with a portrait of Justin I - only Vlad the Emperor was respected legally. Glybokoi voshen 539 r army of Belisarius besieged the capital of barbarians Ravenna, and through a few months, spiraling towards friends, the imperial forces took over without a fight.

While building, Vlad Yustiniana does not know the cordons, is in the apogee of her ability, plans for the renewal of the Roman Empire are in progress. However, the heads of state were checked only for their power. The thirteen years of the rule of Justinian I became "black rock" and after the swamp of hard times, only a couple of times, manhood and style of the Romans and the emperor could do it. Tse buv third stage yogo king (540-558 pp.).

Even if Belisarius had talked about the capitalization of Ravenni, the Persians had destroyed ten years of their signatures in that "Vichny Mir" with imperiu. Shah Khosrov I invaded Syria with a great victory and laid siege to the capital of the province - the rich city of Antiokhia. The inhabitants were boldly seized, the ale garnizon appeared to be the sky-aided and unleashed. Percy took Antioch, plundered a lot of places and sold the inhabitants into slavery. On the offensive of the rik, Vijska Khosrov I invaded the allied with the imperial Lazika (Zakhidna Georgia), the delayed vizantijko-Perska Vijna was delayed. The thunderstorm from the descent came with a heap of words on the Danube. Krystyuchit you, but the change to the cordon has lost the mayzhe without garnіzonіv (vіyska boules in the Italy and in Shodі), the words went to the capital itself, broke through the Dovgі stіni (three centuries of lengthy sea in front of front of Constantinople. Belisarius was about to be thrown over to the Shid, and the Ostrogoths lived there. The stench was chosen by the king of the young, handsome, smart and intelligent Totili, and for the first time they welcomed a new war. The barbarians took to the army of slaves and colonists, distributed the lands of the Churches and the nobility to their henchmen, and got quiet, whom they imitated by the guests. Totily's very small army took over the whole of Italy; under the control of the empire, they were deprived of the port, as without the fleet it would be unfortunate to take it.

Ale, melodiously, for the state of Justinian I became afraid of the Epidemic Chumi (541-543 pp.), Yaka took not half of the population. As it was building, the invisible dome of Sophia over the empire gave a thrill, and in it the black vichor of death and ruinous death were whipped.

Justinian kindly rozumiv, who's the main force in front of the accusations of the overwhelming adversary is vira and іgurtovanіst pіddanikh. That one hour, with the Persians in Lazik, an important fight against Totila, who opened up his fleet and seized Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica, the respect of the Emperor more and more borrowed the nourishment of the theologian. The deyakim greeted, that old Justinian saw in mind, spent in such a critical situation days and nights for reading the Holy Writ, to the creation of the Fathers of the Church (traditionally called the organisms of the Christian Church, the Church of Jesus Christ, However, the Emperor is kindly minds, he is the very power of Christianity. Todi Bula was formed by the famous idea of the "symphony of the kingdom and the priesthood" - the union of the church and powers as a guarantee of peace - the empire.

In 543 r Justinian wrote a treatise that condemns the mysticism, ascetic and theologian of the 3rd century. Origena, who will save all the flours of the grinsniks. However, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church and Monophysia has arrived. The conflict on the axis has already tormented the Church for 100 years. At 451 r IV Ecumenical Council in Halkidonia condemned monophysites. Theological super-list of accelerated supernaturals between the inflow centers of Orthodoxy on Skhodі - Oleksandrіya, Antіokhіya and Constantinople. Opponents of the Chalkydon Cathedral and their opponents (Orthodox and monophysites) for the king Justin I took a special hospitality, as monophysites set their borders on the ecclesiastical hierarchy. At 541 rubles, the activity of Yakov Baradei’s home monophysite, which in the style of marriage was common in the land, inhabited by monophysites, and having renewed the monophysite church on Skhodi, was repaired. The religious conflit was eased by the national one: the Greeks and Romans, who respected themselves as the ruling people in the empire of the Romans, were mostly Orthodox, and the Copts and many Arabians were monophysites. For the empire, it’s not safe to do so, since the naybagatshi provinces - Egypt and Syria - gave great sums to the treasury and in the form of a number of trade and remanufacturing stakes in the whole regions. As long as Feodora is still alive, she helped pom'yakshuvati conflict, grabbing apocrypha, unaffected by the narcotics of the Orthodox clergy, but in 548 r the Empress died. Justinian Virishiv Vinesti of the Pitannia about Reconciliation with Monophysites at the V Ecumenical Council. The idea of the Emperor was created before the conflict was ironed out with a noble condemnation of the heads of the monophysites - Theodorit Kirrsky, Verbi Edesky and Fyodor Mopsuetsky (so called "three heads"). The foldability was due to the fact that all the stench died in the light of the Church. Chi can sujuwati die? Pislya of the old people Justinian Virishiv, it is possible, but for this decision the Pope of Rome did not wait and the majority of the old bishops is overwhelmed. The Emperor viviz the Pope to Constantinople, having trimmed him a little more than his home istom, relying on the urge to come under the onslaught. Wishing to fight and kolivan Vigiliy is well. At 553 r the V Ecumenical Council in Constantinople condemned "three heads". Dad didn’t take part in the robotic cathedral, he didn’t do it, he didn’t want to do it, but in the end, all the letters were written.

In the history of the cathedral, there has been a development of the religious sense, which in the triumph of the Orthodox dogma about those who are divine and human nature is not divine in Christ, but unerringly, politically, supervising. The direct meta of Justiniana has not been reached: reconciliation with monophil-zitami is not instructed, and it is not enough to become divorced from the old bishops, not pleased with the decisions of the cathedral. However, the cathedral played a great role in the spiritual consolidation of the Orthodox Church, and it was important in the region both at that hour, and for the coming times. The hour of the rule of Justinian I was the period of the religious day. Itself in the whole hour, the development of the church poetry, written in simple language, was written by one of the most important representatives of such a book Roman Sladkopevets. The time of the epoch of the development of the Palestinian chernetstva, the hour of John Climacus and Isaac Sirin.

Seeing a fracture in the political right. At 552 r Justinian ordered a new army for a campaign in Italy. For the rest of the time, she violated the land road through Dalmatia under the command of Eunuh Narses, a brave commander and a cunning politician. At the great battle of the book, Totili attacked the Vijka Narses, prompted by the priest, indulged in the re-fire of the archers from the flanks, tickled and took her wits. Totila buv was very wounded and died. Stretching out to fate, the Vizantiysk army renewed its panuvannya over the effort of the Italian, and even through the river Narses, they zupiniv and dominated the hordes of Langobards, who were thrust into the pirates.

The story of the bullet is hidden from the terrible plundering. At 554 r Justinian continued his conquest in Zakhidniy Seredzemnomor and tried to acquire Spain. I didn’t get far into the distance, but a small area on the first descent of the land and the Gibraltarsku channel crossed over to the panuvannya Vizantia. The seredzemne sea has become the "Roman Lake". In 555. imperial vіyska defeated majestically perske vіysko in Lazyk. Khosrov I signed the armistice for a series of rockets, and then for the world. Along the way, we were in the middle of the Slovenian threat: Justinian I formed an alliance with the Avar nomads, who took over the protection of the Danube cordon of the Empire and the fight against the Slovenians. Have 558 r tsei agreements nabuv dignity. For the empire of the Romans, the guide to the rehearsal of the world.

The rest of the rock of the rule of Justinian I (559 - 565 rr.) Passed quietly. The finances of the empire, weakened by the quarter-century struggle and the terrible epidemic, were resumed, the land was filled with wounds. The 84th Emperor did not want his theologians to take the hope of ending with a break in the Church. Win navit by writing a treatise close in spirit to the apocrypha about the immaculate body of Christ. The Patriarch of Constantinople and Bishop of Constantinople have opted for the emperor's new glances. Justinian I immediately became a prodigious tradition of the early Christians and a decline in the Yazychnian Caesars. On one side, I fought against that, only priests were active in the Church, and the laity were deprived of their gazes, from the other - they were constantly involved in the church's righteousness, assuming that the bishops were put on the court. Yustinian, having carried out reforms in the family of the Evangelic commandments - supplemental assistance to the children, lodged in the camp of slaves and colonies, and in the midst of the city - and immediately gave the population to a terrible yoke. Having gained authority to the law, or so and not deceiving the corruption and evil of officials. Yo try to bring the world to life and stability on the territory of the Vizantyyskoy empire turned into blood riches. And all the same, unaffected by them, the empire of Justin Bula was an oasis of civilization in the distinguished languages and barbarous powers, and feuded against the enemies.

The meaning of the great emperor goes far beyond the hour. The change in the position of the Church, the idea and the spiritual consolidation of Orthodoxy played a great role for the formation of the middle-age suspension. The Code of the Emperor Justinian I became the basis of the European right of attackers.