Reflector of Newton's systems. School encyclopedia

Abo cataptric) - in the capacity of an object to be victorious, you will ignore the mirror.

Specifications [ | ]

• The construction of the telescope lies in the diameter of the object. Between the allowance of the imposition, the phenomenon of diffraction is the bending of the edges of the object with the help of light, as a result of which the image of the point is changed to the circle. For the visible range, start with the formula

de r (\ displaystyle r) - kutoviy dozvіl in kutoviy seconds, and D (\ displaystyle D) - the diameter of the asset in millimeters. The formula is based on the value of the two stars according to Rayleigh. As long as the number of values ​​is permissible, the number of factors can be less than up to 114 according to Dawes "Limit.

In practice, the kutovy let the telescopes be flanked by the atmospheric tremis - approximately 1 kutovy second, just out of the aperture of the telescope.

• Telescope multiplicity

de F (\ displaystyle F) і f (\ displaystyle f) - focus on the object and the eyepiece is shown. In the case of preschool optical universities with an optical and eyepiece (wrapping systems, Barlow lenses, compressors, etc.)

de Ω (\ displaystyle \ Omega) - Apparent Field Of View (AFOV), and Γ (\ displaystyle \ Gamma) - increase of the telescope (how to lay down from the focal point of the eyepiece - div. Vishche).

A (\ displaystyle A) і ∀ (\ displaystyle (\ forall))є important characteristics of the telescope asset. The price is one for one size. The more the opening is, the less the focus is, and the more illumination is in the focal area of ​​the telescope's lens, which is visible in the case of photofilms (allowing you to change the window when saving). If not, on the frame of the photoset, you should go to a smaller scale of the image.

• The scale of the image on the receiver:

de u (\ displaystyle u) - scale in kutovykh khiliny per millimeter ("/ mm), and F (\ displaystyle F) - the focus of the asset in millimeters. As soon as you see the linear dimensions of the CCD-matrix, the dialed and the dimensions of the pixels, then the sound can be calculated from the digital sign to the pixel.

Classical optical circuits[ | ]

Galilei's scheme [ | ]

The Galilei Mav telescope in the capacity of the object was one optical lens, and a diffusing lens served as an eyepiece. Such an optical scheme is a non-inverted (earthly) image. By the head parts of the Galilean telescope є the field is even smaller and the chromatic aberration is strong. Such a system is increasingly being used in theatrical binoculars, and even in self-made amateur telescopes.

Kepler's scheme [ | ]

Gregori's scheme [ | ]

Tsiu construct proponated in 1663 by James Gregori in the book Optica promota... Head a mirror in such a telescope - turn off the parabolic. There is a visual light on the lower side of the second mirror (dismiss it efficiently). Go back to the opening in the center of the head mirror, behind which there is an eyepiece. View with mirrors larger than the focal view of the head mirror, so the image is viewed directly (at the view of Newton inverted in telescope). The second mirror will provide a noticeably great improvement in focus.

Casegrain scheme[ | ]

Richi-Kretyun's scheme[ | ]

accept vipprominuvannya[ | ]

CCD-matrix [ | ]

CCD-matrix (CCD, "Charge Coupled Device") is stored from light-sensitive photodiodes, viconan based on silicon, vicorist technology PZZ - attached with a charging ring. The last hour of the CCD-matrix is ​​one of the most common types of photosensors. The development of technologies called for before 2008, until 2008, CMOS matrices became an alternative to PZZ.

CMOS-matrix [ | ]

CMOS-matrix (CMOS, "Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor") Viconan based on CMOS technology. A skinny pixel of errors is readable, and a vibration to a signal from a specific pixel is displayed, like in memory microcircuits, pretty much.

Systems of adaptive optics[ | ]

• Laser system Gidirim zirki. The laser projection straight into the sky, so I can set a piece of light in the sodium sphere of the Earth's atmosphere at a height of about 90 kilometers. The light from such a piece of glass is victorious for deformation of a special mirror, as it assimilates the measure and makes the image look bright.

mechanics [ | ]

montuvannya [ | ]

Montuvannya is a rotary support, as it allows you to direct the telescope to the required object, and with trivial caution or photographing, it will compensate for the Earth's wrapping. It is stacked on two mutually perpendicular axes for aiming the telescope at the object of the guard, you can drive the system and drive the road to the turn. Vstavlyuєtsya montuvannya on yak-nebudu pіdstava: a column, a tripod or a foundation. Basically, installation is about securing the flow of the telescope and the pipe in the specified place and the smoothness of the operation of the object.

The main factors that add to the quality of the visitor's name are as follows:

• Folding the law of change of atmospheric refraction
• Differential refraction
• Technological accuracy of the preparation of the drive
• accuracy of bearings
• deformation mounting

Equatorial Montuvannya and її Rіznovody[ | ]

• Deformation of the installation of the deformation in the fallowness from the position of the telescope.
• When changing the position of the telescope, change and attach it to the bearings
• Folding when synchronizing with the dome of the mount

Alt-azimuthal Montuvannia[ | ]

Most optical telescopes[ | ]

Telescopic refractors[ | ]

sleepy telescopes[ | ]

Shmidt's chamber [ | ]

Telescopic reflectors[ | ]

Ser Isaac Newton (1643-1727) - English teaching

The mirror telescope of the famous English clergyman Isaac Newton cannot be found until the number of unprofitable belongings, which can be trapped in a drowning place. The telescope is a scientific tool. And yet it’s worthless, because Newton did it himself. With this help, I have enlightened science and all people with new knowledge about the light, about the destruction of light. Thanks to him, scientific tributes are important to re-evaluate.

I am interested in the establishment of scientific attachments, for the help of which it is possible to continue reading, appearing at Newton's school in the school of rock. Khlopchisky vіn loving sposterіgati, how to clean tesla, how to make booths stink, how to make krill vіtryak, how to open wheels for water mlin. Winn’t just wondering, he’d forgotten, but at home he’d fumbled, flipping a kind of armchair, behind which he was looking at the various models of wind and water. Ale vin is not just copying, but is introducing a new innovation into the skin model.

Yoho drowning in the models was meant by teachers in school, at the same time the relatives and family of Newton were honored. Once in a year, he was able to draw a glass from the water reservoir. Vaughn poured into the funnel and then wrapped the wheels. On a grown-up man, he has prepared a miniature mill for a grain pomelo. At the roll of the dvigun at the new one came a bear, a yak wrapped the wheel. Dominated not by the dressers, but by the natural bears of the half-suvati bear, and moving a little bear over it because of the grain.

Newton nі winakhіdnik. Joden, with the help of them, has fitted the wine without inventing it. Vіn brav ready, ale in the skin, introducing more sophisticated. Telescope yomu is needed buv, schob, spasterauchi behind the eyes, because of the power of light, knowledge of its speed, answers to tamnitsi svitobudovi.

First telescopes, albeit pidzorny trumpets, appeared in Holland in the 17th century, hoping that the power of the overwhelming power would have vanished from the skylan lines, some 2,500 years before our era. In 1610, Galileo Galilei's Italian conceptions, behind the help of the one he had constructed, would accompany him with the help of the glimpses and the creation of a prickly scandalous design, which is not endless. Before Galilei, the abundant natural phenomena were described in a clever way, on the basis of preliminaries. Ale Galilei appeared first, who, on the basis of a warning through a telescope, broke a picture about the roach of the stars, about the lack of lightness. We were raced with Columbus, we were able to see the unattended lands before. Yogo activity has become a butt for the inheritance.

Holland, Nimechchin, England began to play their own trumpets. Without unsettling the focus and Newton. University of Science in Cambridge was a new student, 22-year-old student Newton, starting before the stem of his telescope. Vіn a hair-hand polіruvav linzi. Tse Bula is important for the robot. In his "Lectures from Optics", he described the essence of the attachment he had set up and his power. Only through the rocky distance into the distance, nareshti, realize your ideas in a new telescope.

At 1b71 rotsіstka about those who in Cambridge do not see a young winemaker opening a special telescope with a spherical mirror, for the rest of which it is possible to close the sky and support the stars, went to London. Newton was asked to send an attachment to the capital. They wanted to demonstrate yogo in front of the monarch. Charles II was on the throne, during the period of rule of which England was experiencing an economic development. They looked at the telescope with a keen eye, even at that hour, as members of the Royal Mathematical Association established in 1662. І everyone recognized the great corona of the telescope opened in Cambridge. The King stayed with the thought, and in addition, the 29th Newton was accepted as a member of the Koroliv Mathematical Association.

Christmas isnu without any type of telescopes, but little does it know, that is reflector Newton- not only one of the most widespread designs, but one of the most popular in the historical plan. The very founders of Newton's reflector boolean good news, the same astronomy, as science took away the tedious postage before development.

By design, Newton's reflector is designed to be used for mirror telescopes, so that the role of the object in the new vicon is to exclude the mirror. Tse daє all at once the perevag, if we tweak this design from the telescope - refractor, so that we can lens:

• The mirror is simpler than the lane, the lower the lane, the bigger the more, but for a lucid ling object, a few more luminous lines are needed. The mirror is required all alone.
• Vimogi up to the slope for the mirror nabagato nizche - smut, which showcased the mechanics of the installation from their wagons and temperature kolivans. For linzi it is necessary to have a high optical quality, without any defects. For a mirror, the clarity of the rock, the appearance of other defects in your company, is not meaningful.
• When the diameter of the object is equal, the Newton's reflector is more compact than the refractor. For example, a refractor pipe with an object of 150 mm of a bullet would be more than 2 meters long, and it would be even more expensive, not even thinking about the astronomical part of such an object and forced installation. A reflector with such a diameter is shorter, slightly smaller, and a mirror is available as a whole.
• A mirror telescope is even more beautiful than a picture, even in the refractor there is a break in the light, and in the reflector there is no more vision. That is why the reflector is practically vilny in the form of aberration, for example, chromatic - if it is near the object of the vineyard of the Kolorova oblyamivka, and yes, it is bigger and bigger than the image.
• The mirror can be used for practical lighting, including ultraviolet light, which is important for photography. Refractors have light to pass through the lens, and a large part of the spectrum is simply absorbed, including ultraviolet light.
• Such a telescope has a high luminosity, so it allows the operation of more readable and bright photographs.
• By virtue of the design of the Newton reflector, the eyepiece of the lateral stitching, which allows you to carry out caution with great speed. The refractor can be equipped with a wrapping prism, a little bit of the transition to the path of the light, but the big time, the same performance is always the same.
• Structurally, the telescope is stored from the head mirror of a spherical or parabolic shape, and a secondary flat mirror, as if it is easy to focus the beam, called from the tube, and the eyepiece is removed for caution.

The head is a mirror to roztashovuєtsya on a special maidanchik, possessed by ustuvalny gwints for regulating yogo nahila. Secondly, the mirror is flat on the brackets close to the front end of the pipe. In telescopes, in such a rank, there are only two views.

The eyepiece is provided with a focuser for smooth adjustment of the throttle.

Newton's Reflector - to finish a cheap telescope in proportion with a refractor similar in diameter. Riznitsya in price can reach decilkoh designs, and in larger models, analogs and zovsim nemaє. For example, the most popular refractors can be used in models with an object diameter of 50-80 mm, and with a diameter of 90 mm, the smell may reach a value.

At the same time, Newton's reflector with a mirror diameter of 110 - 150 mm is completely accessible practically to any fan of astronomy. Bagato lovers can use their own arsenal and 200-mm models, which can be brought up to the professional class. A refractor of such a diameter can be installed in the observatory, sold by їх nemaє.

The story of Newton's reflector

Namely, a telescope of such a design, for the first time introducing the famous English teachings of Isaac Newton, as its robots in the spheres of mathematics, physics, astronomy, and in the other sciences. Having done, ale not vinayshov. The idea of ​​such a design should be found in the Scottish doctor - mathematician and astronomer James Gregori, who proponated it in 1663, but didn’t put it into a real telescope.

Newton opened the first telescope behind such a scheme in 1668, ale vin buv not far away. Another model appeared in short and gave a visual image with 40-fold improvements.

Tse buv a great breakthrough in astronomy, especially as a vrahuvati, who at that hour used refractors - lens telescopes of primitive design, or else teens' trumpets... Obviously, such tools did not give an accurate image, so they didn’t get much better, if only they were quick to see them.

Yak bi was not there, in 1671-1672 rocks Newton demonstrated his telescope in front of the king himself and in the Royal Suspension, which was almost flooded. Newton became famous and became a member of the Royal Partnership. By the way, the telescope-reflector became the main astronomical instrument and allowed the creation of a lot of new visuals.

In the past few years, there has been little change, I want a lot of telescopic designs, including reflectors. However, Newton's reflector, as the simplest and immediately effective instrument, is proud of the well-deserved love of amateur astronomers in all their light, moreover, their first Newton's reflector with his own hands.

More beautiful than spostering in Newton's telescope

With a telescope of such a design, practically everything can be accommodated, even if it is not handy for terrestrial warnings, so if you turn the image over - for astronomical purposes it is absolutely unimportant.

Due to the great diameter of the mirror in proportion to the refractors and less light, the reflector allows you to more beautifully look faintly luminous objects - nebulae, galaxies, planets. There are also many reasons why it is more effective when photographing.

Obviously, in the reflector you can perfectly put Misyats, and give fine detailing to the surface.

Yak create Newton's reflector with your own hands

An infectious Newtonian reflector can be easily bought in a store, before that, for some small pennies, it is possible to correct the configuration, as it is allowed to poke around a lot of space objects.

However, if you feel comfortable and at ease, you can use your own hands to break Newton's reflector. On the right, it’s quite a copy, but then you can use a telescope to fill it up in your order; For example, it was quite successful, given the advice of amateurs, that 200 and 250-mm telescopes were installed for home observators.

The development of scientific optics and mechanics of visualization is not only materials, ale and knowledge. The book of M.S. Navashin is recommended for this self-imposing self-development of Newton's reflector. "The Telescope of the Amateur Astronomer" and the book by L.L. Sikoruka "Telescope for lovers of astronomy". They can know not only masu theory, but also practical cover instructions along the stem of the telescope. Before the speech, in the book of Sikoruk L.L. There are also larger folding systems, which can also be opened independently.

Is it really necessary at once, if you can buy everything in the store? The reasons can be business - from simple economy to a purely practical interest. In kintzi-kintsiv, telescope, opening with your own hands, before the power of vimoga, you can see nothing worse than the purchased one, but you will definitely not be able to get some tips.

De buy Newton's reflector

Buying a Newton reflector at once is not difficult. The design is still popular, as in the great number of options it is practically used by all telescopic devices. In places in the shops of optics, you can sing such models without any problems.

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You can buy Newton's reflector i via the Internet. Here are presented models of such a design that is practical for any size and for any vyrobnik. Vibrate the model for its characteristics, or the price is not stock of the problem, but you can replace it directly on the site.

reflector- an optical telescope, which is vikoristic in the capacity of light-collecting elements of a mirror. Forward reflector buv inducements Isaac Newton close to 1670. Tse allowed to get confused about the main shortcomings of the vikorists, the telescopes-refractors - meaning chromatic aberration.

Most of the custom telescopes are reflectors.

Great Telescope Alt-Azimuthal. Installed at the Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russia

Basic optical systems for mirror telescopes

Newton's system

Yak can be seen from the name, the scheme of the telescopes was projected by Isaac Newton in 1667. There is a flat diagonal mirror, roztaschane close to the focus, seeing a beam of light behind the pipe, showing through the eyepiece or taking pictures. The head of the mirror is parabolic, even though the opening is not even larger, it can be spherical.

Gregori system

In the Gregorian system of changing from the head deflected parabolic mirror go on a small turn off the elemental mirror, which is displayed in the eyepiece, of the premises in the central opening of the head mirror. Oscillations of an elegant mirror are mounted behind the focus of the head mirror of the telescope, the image is displayed in the reflectors of Gregor's straight line, as in Newton's systems - inverted. The emergence of a secondary mirror podovzhuzh focus on the appearance and by itself gives the possibility of storing great improvement.

Cassegrain system

The scheme of the boole was propounded by Laurent Cassegrain in 1672 rozі. This is the option for a two-mirror telescope lens. The head of the mirror of a large diameter is displayed (in the original version is parabolic) as shown in a second opucle of a smaller diameter (in the original version it is parabolic). For the classification of Maksutov, the scheme is laid down to the so-called front-focal lengths It is lengthened - so that the second mirror is removed from the head mirror and the focus is on the other side of the focus, and the object is more, lower than the head one. At the same time, there is an increase in the diameter and focus of the appearance, but it may be less than that of Gregor. The system is non-planar, so it is based on the Komi aberration. There is a large number of mirror modifications, including aplanatic Richi-Kretyun, with a spherical shape of the surface of a secondary (dol-kirhi) or a primary mirror, as well as a mirror-lens.

Okremo varto vidіlity Cassegrain system, modified by Radiansky optician D. D. Maksutovim - Maksutov-Cassegrain system, which has become very popular, as one of the most popular systems in astronomy, especially in amateur.

Herschel (Lomonosov) system

In 1616 N. Tsukki proponuvv replacing the line with the removed mirror, we will fix it to the optical axis of the telescope. A similar telescope-reflector built by William Herschel in 1772 The first mirror has the shape of an off-axis paraboloid and it is so easy to focus on the position of the head tube of the telescope, and it doesn’t make it difficult to come up with light. In 1762 r (10 years earlier) an optical scheme was given by Mikhail Lomonosov. In short, given the scheme є great coma. However, with a small open opening, the mayzhe is uncomfortable.

Richi-Kretyun system

Stay for an hour in mirror telescopes wider sucking was rejected by the Richi - Kretyun system, which is a multiplication of the Cassegrain system variants. In the whole system, the mirror is not hyperbolic, and in addition, the opucle is hyperbolic. The eyepiece is installed in the central opening of the hyperbolic mirror. The field of vision of the Richi - Kretyun system is close to 4 °.

Brahiti

In such circuits, the secondary mirror is carried out of the beam, which falls on the mirror's smut. This design is foldable at the ready, as in the form of an off-axis parabolic and hyperbolic mirror. However, with a small aperture and a single opening, the mirror can be replaced with a spherical one. Coma and astigmatism of the head mirror is compensated by the buffaloes of the secondary mirror. The visibility of the screen can be brought up to the positive qualities of the brachits, but it can be positively indicated on the clarity and contrast of the image. The given bulwark system was for the first time stalled in 1877 r І. Forster and K. Frich. Find out the development of brachite designs.

most telescopes

At the moment, the most popular telescopes-reflectors in the world are two Keck telescopes, which were built in Hawaii. Keck-I and Keck-II were put into operation in 1993 and 1996, apparently and the effective diameter of the mirror was 9.8 m.

The BTA telescope, which is the largest in Eurasia, is located in Russia, in the mountains of the Pivnichny Caucasus and the diameter of the head mirror is 6 m.

The most luminous telescope with a solid mirror is the Large Binocular Telescope, which is worn on Graham Mountain (USA, Arizona). The diameter of the mirrors should be 8.4 meters.

October 11, 2005 The launch of the Southern African Large Telescope in a PAR with a head mirror 11 x 9.8 meters in size will be stocked with 91 identical six-yards.

On 13 April 2007, I rock the first light with the Gran Telescopio Canarias telescope on the Canary Islands with a mirror diameter of 10.4 m, which is the largest optical telescope in the world for the first half of 2009.

Dzherelo - Wikipedia

Mi Trochs "got hit" in the power supply of the telescope, and also looked at the closest telescope-refractor, including on the butt of the models. Let's go ahead and talk about reflector telescopes.

The main view of the reflector from the refractor telescope is the same as in the reflector for the change of light and the picture is displayed, not a lens, but a mirror.

Parabolic (in the main, it can be either spherical) mirror mounted in the lower part of the telescope tube. Vono picking up light and focusing on the image on a small additional (secondary) mirror, which is like "directing" the picture into the eyepiece. With a lot of sposterigach to marvel at a telescope from the side, that is from the side, without being right in the sky. Someone such pristіy can zbentezhiti, і the first hour of people, as it sounded koristuvatisya in the main refractor, it will happen three torments with keruvans.

The closest reflector of the Vinays in 1667 was made by Ser Isaac Newton, who, mabut, discovered the chromatic aberrations that governed all refractors. However, Newton's vicious chromatic effect has been replaced by some of the features of the image, such as super-fluidity and no more reflectors.

And more specifically, the reflector of Newton (at the same time to carry telescopes of this type) has its own aberration. In the main lovers of astronomy skarzhazhitsya on the so-called "who". The center of the picture and the edge of the focal point between itself - so that the stars in the center look like it is suitable, in dots, and along the edges like a comet: smeared, "tailed".

In principle, as long as you don’t take care of astrophotography, it’s not particularly disturbing to bother you with the particularity of the reflectors: as a rule, it’s located in the center of the picture, apparently, it’s a posteriori, and that means it doesn’t suffer from the Komi effect. And you are a photographer dawn sky That’s more beautifully zdalegіd poturbuvatisya about the shit of special correctors, how to deal with correcting the very tsієї aberation.

Coma is far from being the only minus of reflectors. To such things should be mentioned:

• the need to periodically adjust the position of the mirror - the process is called "adjustment";
• sensitiveness of the annex to temperature drops - you cannot blame the telescope for charging from the house on the street and start right away beforehand, because the picture is great for you;
• decent size - tsya furnishings for cheap streamingє addiction to trips with a telescope in a backpack;
• sensitiveness to villainy - strong weather can "shake" the image;
• low seizure from the saw and іnhіh zabrudnen - in fact, direct access to the central mirror allows the brood, which can be safely consumed in the middle, and the mirror surface needs to be even more carefully, in fact, it is necessary to use it;
• risik narvatisya on inaccurate optics in cheap reflectors.

However, all of the minuses cannot be overpowered with the hundred plus points:

1. Price. Tse, slyly, herself positive characteristic reflector. The wine is simple in the design, and the mirror needs less processing, not the skin from the lenses of the refractor, but, of course, it could not help but be significant in the quality of the reflector itself - and before that, I would like to make a big purchase for the purchase. In fact, for one and the same price, you can know a refractor and a reflector, but it often grows behind the aperture indicator (playing a reflector). I guess: the aperture is the diameter of the head line (at the refractor) or the head mirror (at the reflector). And as I said before, a larger aperture is always more beautiful. At the same time, from the same point of view, the characteristics are to lie down and the dose, the contrast, and the maximum value is adjusted. And as much as simpler - the larger the aperture, the more the picture will be.
2. The reflector can be mounted on the smallest type of mounting, as it can really be built independently: Dobson's mounting is most compact in terms of dimensions, and, moreover, it can be carried from wood, chipboard or plywood. Zrozumіlo, scho in the category of materials to play in metal.
3. Indicators (as a rule) by the parameter of light - this type of telescopes, especially in the case of equatorial montuments, can be used in astrophotography.
4. As the optics are like, the image in its central part will be practically diminished by any aberrations - and a refractor cannot boast of such an indicator.
5. It’s still kind to go for the guardianship of distant space.

However, let's look at the incoming model again.

For the butt, the Celestron PowerSeeker 127 EQ telescope (7500 rubles).

A complete budget model with a 127 mm aperture. Yaksho brother 7500 rub. (Opinion) for the upper cost "bar" for attaching the telescope, then you can know the refractor with a line diameter of maximum 70 mm. And as I have said more than once, the larger the aperture, the more beautiful.

The kit comes with two 20 x 4 mm eyepieces, as well as a three-time Barlow lens. In sum, if you are amazed in such a way that the characteristics of the telescope reach the telescope, the optics is guilty of giving up to 750 times more! However, in practice, you can easily porehuvati, up to which between the multiplicity, you will see the picture. It is necessary to multiply the value of the diaphragms (in mm) by 1.4 - the number will appear to be the same multiplicity, if the telescope is reached, it is unlikely to see a super clear picture. In addition, if you multiply the same indicator of aperture by 2, you see the absolute definition of your annex. If we talk about the Celestron model, then 127 x 1.4 = 177.8 times, 127 x 2 = 254 times. All at once - 254 times will be on the є "stele" in the plan of improvement.

The boundary zoryana is the size of the growth rate of +13 m.

A reflector with equatorial montuvans is even good for guarding heavenly objects, practically niyak - for terrestrial ones. The models of Celestron have an equatorial installation, including the mechanisms of thin sleeves and coordinate stakes, but everything is possible for newcomers to tackle the difficult at first, right guidance and caution.

Telescope wag - 7.7 kg, pipe length - 508 mm. More compact than a refractor with the same aperture - that would be more than a meter, and the indicator of vagi "pirne" for a mark of 30 kg. Chi is not the best option for a hike, why not?

A typical representative of reflectors, it is obvious to go to the guard of the space.

And now let's talk about mirror-lens (catadioptric) telescopes. Some are called a combined type.

As in the refractor, the object is mounted on the mirror lens, in the reflector - on the mirror, then the catadioptriki on the mirror, and the mirror optics in its attachment. Such an ob'ktivi fold in vigotovlenna, that їkh price, naturally, if more, less, perhaps, the part of the reflector with the same aperture. Another unacceptable feature of this type of pole is that, in conjunction with its design, the mirror-lens attachment cannot protect the posterior with a clear picture, like, for example, a refractor.

Also from the "minus" - mirror-lens telescopes with the Schmidt-Cassegrain optical scheme, unfortunately, not amused by the comatic aberration. And the Maksutov - Cassegrain axis can boast of a picture without the "pereshkod" cih.

Besides, the catadioptry is the most sensitive to the change in temperature regime - to bring more reflectors.

However, the positive moments of the mirror-lens for an hour play a viral role for astronomy lovers.

In pershu chergu - tse, zvychayno, razmіri. For example, a refractor with an aperture of 90 mm will be no less than 95 cm in size (and more for everything, close to a meter). And the analogue for the size of the aperture Maksutov - Cassegrain - 28 cm of the head. Quite a difference, why is it wrong? The importance of catadoptrіki, apparently, also less than those types.

Well, it's not the least of the day - aberrations, more precisely, may be more common. If the optics are safe and when the telescope is ready, the virobnik not allowing serious "blunders", then the picture will be eliminated all quiet "irregularities", but undeniably I want to supervise and refractories, and reflections in the world.

Celestron NexStar 90 SLT (16 300 rubles) for the stock.

As for the name, the aperture here is 90 mm. There is one of the representatives in the series of Maksuts - Cassegrain, so that the image, rejected as a help, would be practically relieved of the beastly aberrations.

The set includes two winter eyepieces of 25 mm (50 times) and 9 mm (139 times), the boundary value of the displayed objectivities is 12.3 m.

Azimuth mounting with computer guidance - a similar system in the people called GoTo. The annex has a tribute base for 4000 objects. The control is simple: select the object from the base and the telescope will automatically "target" the area of ​​the sky you need. The vibe of the device is to work for an additional remote control, which has an upgrade option via the Internet (naturally, when connected to a computer). Possibilities of such a control are not simply surrounded by a vibration of the object: GoTo allow you to direct the coordinates, trim a short statement about any object; Maybe behind the feed you can see the coordinates of the point, the yaku is pointed at the Danish moment. However, it can be difficult for newcomers to astronomy, - in front of the ear of a victorious telescope, it is necessary to watch the telescope on the spot, to introduce a quick and easy hour, as well as to point the telescope at a couple of three of them. In principle, a quick system, often save an hour of sposter.

A steel tripod for securing the maximum stiffness, fastening to the "lastivchin hvist" type - an attachment to stand up with a quick and awkward collapse. Telescope wag - only 5.4 kg.

An updated option for newcomers to astronomy. Possibility of a catadioptrіka, speediness of GoTo plus maximum compactness - and the axis is already under the hand of a reference astronomer's tool (obviously, it’s not for the price).

Knowing the ideal universal telescope is hard. Any type has its own strengths and weaknesses. However, if you know for sure that you are the best to go to heaven, you can choose such an attachment, which is to the maximum extent possible.

Children in the capacity of the first telescope (especially in the Moscow minds) when the refractor with an aperture of 70-90 mm is used: you can see in detail the surface of Misyatsya, the planets of the Sonyachnoy system, and the Sonce. One sign: it is categorically impossible to look at the Sonce through a telescope without special filters - just draw in the sight, and even a telescope for a special magnifying glass into this view. Guess how to see the papier, how to direct her sleepy promin through the zbіlshuvalne slope: it’s very easy to light up. And now you will realize that on the mice of papyrtsi - your eyes, and you will not want to experiment with Sonce.

For the best warning of distant space objects (nebulae, cultivated zoryannye and others) far away from the small illumination, the most beautiful is the reflector with the aperture here at 114-150 mm. Svychayno, the more the exponent, the more beautiful - there you can be amazed for a penny.

Well, if you will increase the price, if you want a telescope, then we twist the vibrator If the Maksutov - Cassegrain model is used, it is also the best fit among the mirror-lens: the stench is compact and it will be easier to endure.

For that person, if you yourself haven’t heard yet, but you yourself want to vivchati - take a refractor. At the first time, you will be zazyuti, chi tsykavo you vzagali so busy, which is quite enough. More beautifully, if the aperture will be 70-90 mm: less size is unlikely to deliver help.

I don’t forget about the dimensions: the telescopes are superbly handy in terms of manual transfer and don’t let people think too much about it.