Shcho for the shelter Bombay syndrome. Nayridkisnisha blood group - bombayska

As a group of blood of a child does not get out of kimos from a father, it can be a real family tragedy, so as a father can suspect a baby, but a baby is not born to him. As a matter of fact, it can also be associated with a rare genetic mutation, which can be developed in the European race in the same people for 10 million! The science of science is called the "Bombay Phenomenon". At the lessons of biology, we were taught, well, a child from a group of blood of one father, will appear, well, do not expect it like that. Trapez, for example, at the fathers with the first and another group of blood, the little one will pop up from the third and the fourth. Yak is so good?

Forward, genetics stumbled into the situation, if a group of blood appeared in the baby, it could not be settled from the fathers, in 1952. The cholovika-tata had the I blood group, the women-mothers - II, and their child was born from the III blood group. This combination is not good at all. Likar, who sported a couple, having hung up the stew, didn’t have a daddy’s blood group, but її імітація, as it was victorious through a kind of genetic snakes. Tobto the gene structure changed, and from the same - signs of blood.

There is a price to pay for the formation of blood groups. In total їх 2 - the agglutinogenes A and B, rostasovani on the membranes of erythrocytes. The people of the fathers, and the antigens create a combination, as a result, one of the groups of blood.

The Bombay phenomenon is based on recessive epistasis. Talking in simple words Because of the mutation of the blood group, there are signs of I (0), as there are no agglutinogens in them, but for the worse it is not є.

As you can see, why do you have the Bombay phenomenon? On the basis of the first group of blood, since there are no agglutinogens A and B on erythrocytes, or even if there are no agglutinogens A and B in syrovat blood, in some people from the bombing phenomenon, the appearance of agglutinogenesis begins. If there is no agglutinogen B on the erythrocytes of the child and there will be no agglutinogen B (nagadu I (0) blood group), altogether there will be only agglutinin A circulating in the blood cells. - A and B.

If necessary, blood transfusion, for the patients from the Bombay phenomenon, it is possible to transfuse only the same roof. Know її by sound reasons it is unrealistic, because people with the given phenomenon, as a rule, save their own power material at the blood transfusion stations, so that in case of need it is faster.

If you are the master of such a kind of rare blood, when you enter into a family, you should inform about your own cholovikov, and if you decide to have offspring, consult a geneticist. In a large number of people with Bombay, the phenomenon of children populating with a horrible group of blood, but not being explained by the rules of decline known by science.

Photo z vidkritich dzherel

Geniv, which is referred to as a blood group, is three types - A, B, і 0 (three alleles).

Lyudin's skin has two genes of blood group - one, otrimaniy from mother (A, B, or 0), and the other, otrimaniy from daddy (A, B, or 0).

There are 6 combinations:

Yak tse pratsyu (from the point of view of biohimia klitini)

On the surface of our erythrocytes є in carbohydrates - "antigen H", the stench is "antigen 0".(On the surface of erythrocytes є glucoproteins, which are antigenic powers. The stench is called agglutinogen.)

Gene A is an enzyme that converts a portion of H antigens into A antigen.(Gene A code is specific for glucosyltransferase, which will bring an excess of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to agglutinogen, when agglutinogen A is released).

Gene B is an enzyme that converts a part of the H antigens into the B antigen.(Gene B is a code specific for glucosyltransferase, which will bring an excess of D-galactose to an agglutinogen, when agglutinogen B is used).

Gene 0 does not code the enzyme.

According to the genotype, the carbohydrate growth on the surface of the erythrocytes will be seen as follows:

It is scandalous for the butt of the batkiv in 1 and 4 groups and wondering why they have children in 1 group.

(To that, a child with 1 group (00) is guilty of eliminating 0 types of skin teeth, and ale of a father with 4 blood groups (AB) is mute 0.)

Bombay phenomenon

In that case, it’s because people on erythrocytes don’t accept the “viral” antigen H. In such a case, people don’t have any antigens A or antigens B when the necessary enzymes are evident. Well, great and maybe ferments may come to transform H into A ... oops! but there is nothing to be re-created, asha is not present!

The viral antigen H is encoded by the genome, while the simplest is known by N.
H - gene, but codeє antigen H
h - recessive gene, antigen H does not fake

Butt: a man with the AA genotype is guilty of mother 2 blood group. If it’s going to be AAhh, then a group of blood will be in the future, and the antigen A isn’t very effective.

The first mutation of the bull was found in Bombay, this is the name. In India, it’s working out with one people out of 10,000, in Taiwan - for one out of 8,000. In Europe, it’s even more difficult to develop in one people out of two hundred thousand (0.0005%).

Robotic butt of Bombay phenomenon # 1: if one of the fathers is making a group of blood, and the one to a friend, then the child is in the fourth group, and one of the fathers does not have the gene B, which is necessary for the 4th group.

And now the Bombay phenomenon:

The trick is that the first dad is not bothering with his genius BB, he has no antigens B, and that is why he has no problem. That is, do not marvel at the genetic third group, from the point of view of the blood transfusion of the group in the New Persian.

The butt of the robotic Bombay phenomenon # 2. If you are in a group 4, then they cannot go to a group of 1.

And now the Bombay phenomenon

Yak Bachimo, with the Bombay phenomenon, the Batkivs in the 4th group can still go with the Ditin in the first group.

Cis-position A and B

In people with 4 blood groups, before an hour crossing over, there may be a change (chromosomal mutation), if an offense of the gene appears in one chromosome - A, and B, and there will be nothing in the other chromosomes. Apparently, the gametes of such an AV can be wonderful: in one AB, and in one - nothing.

Of course, chromosomes, to avenge AB, and chromosomes, but not to avenge the call of anything, to be vibrated by natural selection, so that the stench will be with normal, non-mutant chromosomes. In addition, in children of Aav and ABB, a genetic imbalance (deterioration of life, death of the embryo) can be prevented. The incidence of cis-AB mutation is estimated to be approximately 0.001% (0.012% cis-AB as well as all AB).

Butt cis-AB. If one is a father of 4 group, and if one is persh, then they cannot go to children of 1, or 4 groups.

And now the mutation:

The rythm of the nationality of children, shaded gray, is very much, less than 0.001%, as it was home, and 99.999% of the rush falls on 2 or 3 groups. But nevertheless, there are a lot of parts of the ship "slid vrahovuvati with genetic consultation and ship medical examination".

) Є the kind of non-allelic interaction (recessive epistasis) of the gene h with genes that are responsible for the synthesis of agglutinogens of the blood group of the AB0 system on the surface of the erythrocytes. The phenotype of the appearance of the phenomenon was further introduced by Dr. Y. M. Bhende in 1952 in the Indian city of Bombay, giving the name to this phenomenon.

vidkrittya

The message quickly appeared before the hour until the day was tied up with the three people The number of necessary antigens has been established, for which you will need to start belonging to the blood to this group. Є The precursor, as a result of such a phenomenon, is tied to some of the close relatives who are in the tradition of tradition. It is possible, for the very reason in India, the number of people with this type of blood to become 1 per 7600 individuals, while the average for the population of the Earth is 1: 250,000.

to describe

In people with a Danish gene, the gene is in the state of recessive homozygote hh Agglutinogen is not synthesized on the membranes of erythrocytes. Apparently, on such erythrocytes, agglutinogen is not established Aі B, Oskilki is not the basis for їх affirmation. It should be done to the point of being given the type of blood є by universal donors - their shelter can be transfused, be it a person who is needed (naturally, because of the Rh factor), but at the same hour, people can be transfused with their own blood. the same "phenomenon".

broadening

The number of people with a given phenotype becomes approximately 0.0004% of the population size, proteas in some places, sprouts, in Mumbai (the colishny is called Bombay), their number becomes 0.01%. I will look at the vinyatkovy of the given type of blood, its nose of the snarl and the vlast bank of blood, some in the case of the consumption of an emergency transfusion, and the necessary material will be practically unchanged.

As it seems, people have a choice of basic groups of blood. First, a friend and the third one is to do it often, the fourth is widened not too wide. The whole classification is based on the so-called agglutinogens in the blood - antigens, which are indicative of the establishment of antigens. In another group of blood, antigen A is taken, in the third presence antigen B, the fourth is to take the offense of antigen, and in the first antigen A and B on the day, then the "first" antigen H, which is most important for the future, will serve as " to take revenge in other, third and fourth blood groups.

The blood group is most often due to the drop, for example, if the fathers of a friend and the third group, the child can be a friend, just like, if the father and mother of the first group, the other children, and so I will be the first fourth and first, the child will have either a friend, or a third. However, in deyaky vipadkah children populate with a group of blood, which, according to the rules of decline, they can’t be called a Bombay phenomenon, or a Bombay shelter.

At the boundaries of systems of ABO / Rhesus blood groups, which are vicious for the classification of large types of blood, a small number of small types of blood. Nayridkisnishy - AB-, the whole type of blood is less likely to be found in one whole population of the earth. Type B- and O- are also even narrower, on the skin of them less than 5% of the population of the earth falls. However, there are two main types of blood systems that are more than 30 different types of blood groups, which include weak, childish types, which are more common in a small group of people.

The type of blood is determined by the presence of antigens in the blood. Antigens A and B are even wider, which lays down the classification of people in the presence of the same antigen in their presence, as in people with the type of blood O is not in the same antigen. A positive or a negative sign of a groupie means the manifestation or visibility of the Rh factor. At the same hour, in addition to antigens A and B, the presence of other antigens may be present, and antigens may enter into a reaction with the blood of singing donors. For example, someone may have a blood group A +, and if there is a whole blood antigen in the blood, then talk about an unpleasant reaction with the donor blood of the A + group, in order to avenge the antigen.

Bombay blood does not have many antigens A and B, which often stray into the first group, protects in both antigen H, which can be a problem, for example, in case of significant fatherhood - even a child does not have a presence in the blood, not one antigen yogo z batk_v.

A small group of blood does not deliver any problems to the rulers, but only one - as soon as a blood transfusion is needed, then you can only be bombarded, and you can transfuse human grains without blood.

The first time about the phenomenon appeared in 1952, since the Indian doctor Whand, conducting blood analyzes in the homeland of the patients, having eliminated the unacceptable results: the father had 1 blood group, the mother had II, and the son Vin described the tsey vipadok in the best medical journal "Lancet". Years later, the deyakі lіkіkі were stuck with similar vypadki, but they could not explain them. The first time in the end of the 20th century was known to be the case: there was one kind of organism in some types of organisms from the same father, from 1 group of blood, in that hour there was one form of blood. , another code for the fermentation of the enzyme, which allows the implementation of the group. In most people, there is a scheme of pratsyu, ale, in some cases, there is another gene for the enzyme. Todi spasters such a picture: lyudina can, for example. III blood group, ale realizuvatisya won’t be possible, and analysis of viyavlya II. A child of such a dad passed on his genius - to be seen and to appear at the child of "nezumil" a group of blood. Nosіїv such mіmіkrії trocha - less than 1% of the population of the Earth.

The Bombay phenomenon has become known in India, de "special" blood, according to statistics, 0.01% of the population, in Europe the Bombay shelter is developing even more - about 0.0001% of the population.

And now there are three lectures:

Geniv, which is referred to as a blood group, is three types - A, B, і 0 (three alleles).

Lyudin's skin has two genes of blood group - one, otrimaniy from mother (A, B, or 0), and the other, otrimaniy from daddy (A, B, or 0).

There are 6 combinations:

Yak tse pratsyu (from the point of view of biohimia klitini)

On the surface of our erythrocytes є in carbohydrates - "antigen H", the stench is "antigen 0". (On the surface of erythrocytes є glucoproteins, which are antigenic powers. The stench is called agglutinogen.)

Gene A is an enzyme that converts a part of antigens H into antigen A. (Gene A is a code specific for glucosyltransferase, which will give an excess of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to agglutinogen, when agglutinogen A is used).

Gene B code is an enzyme that converts a part of antigens H into antigen B. (Gene B code is specific for glucosyltransferase, which gives an excess of D-galactose to agglutinogen, when agglutinogen B is released).

Gene 0 does not code the enzyme.

According to the genotype, the carbohydrate growth on the surface of the erythrocytes will be seen as follows:

It is scandalous for the butt of the batkiv in 1 and 4 groups and for being surprised that they cannot be a child in 1 group.

(To that, a child with 1 group (00) is guilty of eliminating 0 types of skin teeth, and ale of a father with 4 blood groups (AB) is mute 0.)

Bombay phenomenon

In that case, it’s because people on erythrocytes don’t accept the “viral” antigen H. In such a case, people don’t have any antigens A or antigens B when the necessary enzymes are evident. Well, great and maybe ferments may come to transform H into A ... oops! but there is nothing to be re-created, asha is not present!

The viral antigen H is encoded by the genome, while the simplest is known by N.
H - gene, but codeє antigen H
h - recessive gene, antigen H does not fake

Butt: a man with the AA genotype is guilty of mother 2 blood group. If it’s going to be AAhh, then a group of blood will be in the future, and the antigen A isn’t very effective.

The first mutation of the bull was found in Bombay, this is the name. In India, it’s working out with one people out of 10,000, in Taiwan - for one out of 8,000. In Europe, it’s even more difficult to develop in one people out of two hundred thousand (0.0005%).

The butt of the robotic Bombay phenomenon No. 1: if one of the fathers is giving a group of blood, and the other one - to a friend, then the child cannot mother the fourth group, because one of the fathers does not have the gene B, which is necessary for the 4th group.

And now the Bombay phenomenon:

The trick is that the first dad is not bothering with his genius BB, he has no antigens B, and that is why he has no problem. That is, do not marvel at the genetic third group, from the point of view of the blood transfusion of the group in the New Persian.

The butt of the robotic Bombay phenomenon # 2. If you are in a group 4, then they cannot go to a group of 1.

And now the Bombay phenomenon

Yak Bachimo, with the Bombay phenomenon, the Batkivs in the 4th group can still go with the Ditin in the first group.

Cis-position A and B

In people with 4 blood groups, before an hour crossing over, there may be a change (chromosomal mutation), if an offense of the gene appears in one chromosome - A, and B, and there will be nothing in the other chromosomes. Apparently, the gametes of such an AV can be wonderful: in one AB, and in one - nothing.

Of course, chromosomes, to avenge AB, and chromosomes, but not to avenge the call of anything, to be vibrated by natural selection, so that the stench will be with normal, non-mutant chromosomes. In addition, in children of Aav and ABB, a genetic imbalance (deterioration of life, death of the embryo) can be prevented. The incidence of cis-AB mutation is estimated to be approximately 0.001% (0.012% cis-AB as well as all AB).

Butt cis-AB. If one is a father of 4 group, and if one is persh, then they cannot go to children of 1, or 4 groups.

And now the mutation:

The rythm of the nationality of children, shaded gray, is very much, less than 0.001%, as it was home, and 99.999% of the rush falls on 2 or 3 groups. But nevertheless, there are a lot of parts of the ship "slid vrahovuvati with genetic consultation and ship medical examination".

10.04.2015 13.10.2015

Shelter is a unique birthplace in the body of people, there is no interruption in circulation through the vessels, to live in sourness, as well as the necessary components internal organizations... All in all, I, II, III, IV, I, II, III, IV, and I do not know everything about the same one, in the region of a rare, vicious group, by the name of the Bombay phenomenon.

Unknown shelter, history of visibility

The phenomenon was born in 1952 in India, in India (Mumbai, earlier Bombay, the name of the name was Winikla), we give Bhenda. The message was activated for an hour until the drive of the mass painter was driven, because three people would see the necessary antigenes, which would begin to appear as if they were sheltered. Variations in the diagnosis are unique, the number of people from the Bombay phenomenon in a number of one in two hundred fifty thousand people, depriving the figure of India in India, become 1 vipadok per 7600 people.

Tsikaviy fact! Vcheni vvazhayut, as the diagnosis of unknown blood in India is tied up with frequent shloves with members of their motherland. According to the laws of the country, the advancement of the family in the number of one, the whole caste allows you to preserve the wealth and your position in the suspension.

Not long ago, it was quite a bit of a sensation that I would like to declare by the proprietors of the University of Vermont, about those who know better blood like Junior and Langerais. The stench of mass spectrometry revealed, as a result of such a bullet two absolutely new bottles were revealed, earlier now they were about 30 proteins, and now it has become 32, which has allowed us to declare. Expertise vvazhayut, as well as a new criterion є a new way to fight against cancer cases and allow the development of a new technology of cancer treatment.

Who has a unique personality?

· The first group, to get involved in the newest, won a victory in an hour of Neanderthal people and in a house of more than 40 thousand rockets, practically half of them on earth;

· About other types of more than 15 thousand rocky, it is also not, more for all people with a wide variety of views in Japan and Western Europe;

· The third, three is less widened, lower than the first two, about it, about 15%;

· A quarter, ninety, at the moment of the approval, no more than a thousand rockyes passed, a winnickl won as a result of evil I and III, less than 5%, and for deyakimi tribute to visit 3% of the population of the earth, flowing through the courts is so important.

And now to find out that the IV group will take on the young and the childish, talk about the Bombay, which three more than 60 rocky in the moment of seeing and develop out of 0.001% of people on the planet, fortunately, at all.

How about pretending to be a phenomenon?

Classification by groups is based on antigenic antigens, for example, another antigen A, third - B, fourth offense, and in the first stench on the day, ale - cob antigen And that B.

mortgaging chemistry warehouse The child’s blood is growing more internally, and if it’s like a father’s, the decline itself becomes the main factor. Alle, there are some rіdkіsnі vignatas from the rules, which do not support a genetic explanation. The price of the Bombay phenomenon is the fault of the glory in the fact that the people of the children may have that kind of blood that they cannot have. There is not a lot of antigens in A and B, that її can merge into the first group, but it doesn’t have the same component H, in general uniqueness.

Yak to live with unwitting blood?

The everyday life of people with unique blood does not appear from the other classifications, behind a vignette of decile factors:

· With a serious problem є transfusion, it is possible to vikoristovuvati deprived of the same shelter for cich tsіley, with a lot of won є a universal donor і go to all;

· The inability to get a father figure, because it has become so, it is necessary to break DNA, it must not give results, because the child has antigenic antigenes, as is the case with his father.

Tsikaviy fact! In the USA, Massachusetts, there is a Bombay phenomenon alive for two children. A-H type Such a shelter was diagnosed for the first time in our Czech Republic in 1961. But donors don’t have one stench for one thing, since they have a rhesus factor, and the transfusion, be it the іnshіy group, is naturally unhealthy. The eldest child reached the end of the day and became a donor for himself for an extreme fall, such is the share of a check for a young sister, if it is 18 years old.

· In the body of a middle-statistic, mature person, the volume of blood becomes 5-6 years;

· Chotirnteen the worms to get involved in an all-round donor day, coinciding with the wines until the day of the people of Karla Landsteiner, wins for the first time clasifying shelter in groups;

· Vvazhaєtsya, as soon as іkona began to bleed - buti bіdі, іsnuyut people іsnuyut, іt thwarted the process before the terrorist attack on Spring 11, 2001, the fate and the ear of another holy war. Likewise letters dzherela testify about the bleeding of the ikon before St. Bartholomew's night;

· In the middle of the 20th century, a fallowness was established between sickness and ailments and a group of blood, for example, the owners of the other group were more sickly before leukemia and malaria, from the first - the development of ligaments, tendons and tendons;

· Diagnosis of cancer, often for those people feel in the third group, older than those in the first;

Isnu lyudin, who is alive without a pulse, his uniqueness of the pole is in the fact that he has a heart, as you have seen, the establishment of an apparatus for circulating blood, you will continue to function in a general way;

· In Japan, it’s the character and share of the people to lie down for that kind of blood.

There are a lot of mysteries and tamnits zberiga in their home, as evolutive milioni rocky, in order to grant us the power of life. Won’t take us away from the inflow of the middle class, from the young viruses and infections, neutralizing them, not letting us penetrate into the life of the important organisms. Ale skіlki shche tamnits, except for the Bombay phenomenon, as well as the Juniora and Langerais groups, should be properly developed and distributed to all light.