The lands of Africa for a different kind of life. Africa for another hour of the day

The most unstable region on our planet is in the plan for the war and the number of recent conflicts, the African continent. Only for the last forty years, there have been 50 similar incidents, as a result of which 5 million people have lost their lives, 18 million have become businessmen, and 24 million have lost their lives over their heads. Mabut, still nowhere in the world of war and endless conflicts have not been brought to such large-scale victims and ruinuvan.

Country houses

From the history of the Old World, we see that great wars in Africa have been going on since the third thousand years before our era. The stench of ob'єdnannya єgipetsky lands rested. Nadal pharaohs constantly fought for the expansion of their state either from Palestine, then from Syria. In the same way, three tripled in a whole more than a hundred rock.

In the middle of the century, the conflicts in the significant world were given a small development of the Zagarbnytsia policy and were brought up to the full extent of the mystery of the conflict. Africa only in the XIII century survived three Christian campaigns. The long list of Vіyskovy protistyans, which grew up the continent in the XIX and XX centuries, is simply hostile! However, the most ruinous for new steel is Persha and Druha svitovi viyni. Only in an hour more than 100 yews were consumed by one of them. Cholovik.

The reasons, scho encouraged to go to the whole region, bully to finish the wagomimi. Yak vidomo, Persha svitovu in Europe developed Nimechchin. The land of Antanti, how to resist the onslaught, have decided to take back the proper colony in Africa, as the Nimetsky district has come to a standstill recently. While the land will be swallowed up, and I will look at how the British fleet is in the middle of an hour panuvav to the sea, and it has come to evolve from its metropolis. Tse could mean less than one thing - Nimechchina was not in the snake of the power of the child and the ammunition. Until then, there would be a lot from each side of the territory, which should be due to those opponents - the regions of Antanti.

Already in the end of 1914, the French and British troops were able to reach into the distance the small enemy colony - Togo. Farther away the invasion of the Antanti forces into Pivdenno-Zakhidnu Africa, the bulok is przupineno. The reason for this was the rebellion of the storms, which was strangled only until the fierce 1915 fate. Pislya tsiogo began to swiftly squeeze ahead, and even in the limes, there was a lot of nimetski vіyska, scho dislocated in Pіvdenno-Zakhіdnіy Afritsa, huddled up. On the offensive of Nimechchin, it was brought from Cameroon, the landowners of which flowed into the middle colony - Spanish Guinea. However, unimportant on the same way, they managed to get through to Antanti, but they were still able to fix a serious operation in Africa, and they were trying to get out of it.

See more boyovi diy

The First World War in Africa was knocked out by the large colonies of allies, so as the Nimetsian Vіynsk were brought to the territory, so that they could become the British crown. in the whole region commanded by Colonel P. von Lettov-Forbeck. He himself was guilty of vіyskami on the cob of falling leaves in 1914, if the battle was the greatest at the place of Tanga (Uzbek Indian Ocean). At the end of the hour, the Nimetska army nailed close to 7 yew. Cholovik. For the arrival of two cruisers, the English drove away to the coast, and a dozen of transport vehicles for the landing party, ala, unaffected at the price, Colonel Lettov-Forbek zoom in to get over the British, overwhelming the coast.

The idea of \ u200b \ u200bpartisan warfare in Afritsa was transformed into a partisan struggle. They attacked the English forts and drove the hard roads in Kenya and Rodezia. Lettov-Forbek recruited his army for the rakhunok to a set of volunteers from among the inhabitants of the city, as they didn’t have enough training. For all youmu into the distance, dial close to 12 yew. Cholovik.

In 1916, the rots, having united into one Portuguese and Belgian colonials, began to attack the descent of Africa. Ale as they didn’t try to stench, I didn’t let the odds go over the Uninvolved on those allies, or they significantly outperformed for the number of nimetski vіyska, Lettov-Forbek helped to trim two factors: knowledge of the classmates and mіsimatsev. And at all times, the opponents were carrying great losses, not only on the battlefield, but because of the ailment. In the late autumn of 1917, the fate of the Allies, Colonel P. von Lettov-Forbeck appeared in his army on the territory of the Mozambic colony, so that Portugal could be found at that hour.

The end of the day

Africa and Asia were approaching, so both Europe and Africa suffered great losses. Before the sickle of 1918, the fate of otocheni from the sides of the nimetskі vіyska, the uniqueness of the sights from the main forces of the enemy, the snarls of the bully turned to their territory. Until the end of the day, the surplus of the Lettov-Forbek colonial army in the warehouse was no more than 1.5 yew. People settled in the Pivnichny Rhodesia, which belonged to Britain at that hour. Here the colonel knows about the smacking of Nimechchin and of the temptations to the brim. For the shown manhood in battles with the adversary, I have a hero in Batkivshchyna.

So the Persha Svitova Vіyna ended. Afritsi vona kostuvala, for deyakim estimates, yak minimum 100 yew. Human lives. If I want boyovi action on the whole continent, and do not bully viral, however, they tripped the stench for a long time.

Druha svitova

It seems as though the scale of Vyiskovy acts that were fueled by the fascist Nimechchinoy in the 30-40s of the last century did not only hit the territory of Europe. More than two continents have not spared a friend of the light of day. Africa, Asia may be drawn in, wanting and chastkovo, in a whole grand conflict.

In the name of Britain, Nimechchina at that hour was not a small number of vlast colonies, the protest claimed them. In order to paralyze the economy of its main gateway - England, we have decided to establish control over Pivnichnaya Africa, so as only this way can go to the other British colonies - India, Australia and Zeeland. In addition, for a reason, she pushed Hitler to the conquest of the Pivne African lands, it was farther away from his invasion of Iran and Iraq, since there were significant deposits of oil controlled by Britain.

Ear of vіyskovyh dіy

Another svitova vіyna in Africa triva stretching three rocks - from the worm 1940 to late 1943 rock. Opposing forces in this conflict came from one side of Britain and the United States, and from the other side - Nimechchina and Italy. The main boys of the film were seen in the territory of Egypt and Magrib. Conflict of the coming of the invasion of the Italian wars into the territory of the Ethiopia, which was the most significant part of the British invasion in the whole region.

A group of 250 thousand took part in the Pivnichno-Afrikanskoy Campaign. Italians' victories, up to which there were more than 130 thousand rubles for help. Nimetsky soldiers, as they were a great number of tanks and artillery banners. At its own devil, the ally of the US and British army nagged 300 yew. American and more than 200 thousand. English service services.

Submitted development pod_y

The war in Pivnichniy Afritsa regretted that in the worms of 1940 the English began to inflict punches on the Italian army, as a result of which two hundred thousand of their soldiers were lost at once, some of them were not British. After such a strike, the order of the Italian was sent to send the command into the hands of Marshal Gratsiani and did not have mercy with a vibor. Already on the 13th of that day, the initiative began, and the British General O'Connor was forced to enter through the significant passes of his enemy in a living force. For that, yak the Italians in the distance grab a small Egyptian place of Sidi-Barrani, it came zupineno for three months.

Unsuitable for Gratian in the end of 1940, General O'Connor's army went over to the offensive. The Liviyska operation resumed an attack on one of the Italian garrisons. Gracian is clearly not ready for such a turn of the go, so it is not possible to organize the enemy to see his opponent. As a result of the striking offensive of the British War, Italy has lost its colonies to the celebrations of Africa.

The situation had changed for 1941, if the Hitler's command sent tanks to help its ally, the team sent tanks from the birch already in the birch, the war in Afritsa slept with a new force. The army of the Nimechchin and the Italian army launched a strong blow on the British defenses, bringing down one of the enemy's armored brigades.

Completion of the Other Light

At the leaves of the same rock, the English beat a friend to try a counter-attack, calling an operation under the code name "Chrestonosets". I’m looking into the distance to see the Threepolets, and even more in the chest stench of the bullets of Rommel’s army. In 1942, a Nimetsian general launched a lucrative strike against the enemy's defense, and the English bullets were sent to enter Egypt. The override came trivially until it was quiet, as long as the 8th Allied Army did not interrupt it with Al-Alamein. At all times, unaffected by all of the Zusillia, it was necessary for them to break through the defense of the English without being too far away. And at the end of the hour, the command of the 8th Army was assigned to General Montgomer, who, after breaking through the Chergov plan, would attack, with all the success of the attacks of Hitler's forces.

At the zhovtni of the same british rock, they started a forced blow on Rommel's parts of the city, dislocated by Al-Alamein. Tse led me to defeat two armies - Nimechchini and Іtalii, which were forced to enter the cordons of Tunis. Besides, the Americans came to the aid of the English, and they hung on the African coast for the 8th leaf fall. Rommel smashed the bullet against his allies, but ale Vona did not succeed. The message of the nimetsky general was called to Batkivshchyna.

Rommel became an adolescent warlord, and this vrata meant only one thing - in Africa, it ended in different ways for Italy and Nimechchini. The Great Britain and the Gains The states have significantly changed their position in the whole region. In addition, the sound of the stench was thrown at the onset of the drowning of Italy.

Another half of the XX century

The story of the end The other antiquity in Africa did not end. One by one, the insurgency was slain, as in the lands of the country they grew into large-scale events. So, once a huge war in Africa fell asleep in rock and in ten years. With the help of this, you can serve the internal state defense in Ethiopia (1974-1991), Angola (1975-2002), Mozambique (1976-1992), Algeria and S'orra-Leone (1991-2002), Burundi (1993-2005), Somalia ). In the rest of the pererakhovanih vishche of the land, the community didn’t end up. It’s only a small part of the success of the most recent and three-year conflicts on the African continent.

The reasons for the incidence of numerical prototypes are crooked in the specificity of the world, as well as in the historically shaped situation. Since the 60s of the last century, most of the African lands have lost their independence, and in a third of them, there have been new conflicts, and in the 90s, battles were already fought on the territory of 16 powers.

luckily

In the last century, the situation on the African continent has practically not changed. There is still a large-scale geopolitical perebudovu, in the minds of which it is impossible to talk about whether the promotion of the level of safety in this region. Vazhke economical encampment and gostra the failure of finances only pogirsut the encampment, which went down.

There is smuggling, illegal deliveries of animals and drugs, which will do more and more to bring about a criminogenic situation in the region. Until then, all the prices are based on a super-high population growth rate, and there is also no control over migration.

Try localization of conflicts

It’s not possible to get infected, but it’s not endless in Africa. Yak has shown the practice, international peacemaking, how to magnetize to the number of small-minded essences on the whole continent, which appeared to be ineffective. For the butt, it is possible to take such a fact: the UN members took part in 57 conflicts, and in most of them they did not fit into the end.

Yak accepted respect, the blame for all the bureaucratic slowness of peacemaking missions and filthy information about the real situation. In addition, the United Nations is innumerable in the region and has to be carried out from the ampled territory before the beginning of a series of publications.

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Entry

2.1 Egypt

2.2 Livia

3. The edges of Africa for the day

visnovok

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Entry

Suchasna Africa - a whole lot of land on the earth, on which less than a third of all the existing powers in the world (over 50), from populations (573 million), from the population (573 million), to 10 parts of the population of the earth before that, the best natural priest in the world. The role of Africa is also significant in light politics.

The valleys of Africa were tied with the shares of the whole world. To deliver nagadati, well, on the thought of more people, the very continent will be filled with a spike of people. In the distant past on the African continent, civilizations were celebrated, so they made a hundred inflows for the development of human suspension. Between the ancient African powers and the powers of Europe, there were intense political and economic ties.

The colonial powers, having conquered Africa, were isolating the whole world, interrupted the economic and cultural ties with the other continents, shattered everything to forget the history and achievements of the people. Required bullets trivial heroic struggle of hundreds of thousands of bloody blue in Africa and the idea of progressive people in the world, to develop and eliminate the system of colonial rotting imperialism on a large part of the continent. Rik 1960, which brought independence to 17 colonies and fallow lands of France, Great Britain, Belgium and Italy, leading to the history of people as Rik Africa. In the 70s of the RR., Pislya of the success of the anti-fascist revolution in Portugal, the successful self-determination of the struggle of the people of the large colonies, and until the mid-80s of the RR. On the map of the continent, they have lost their surroundings to colonialism.

The fate of other svitovoi colonies have been reinterpreted into important leaders of the sirovini, food, human resources for the metropolises. Their pragmatism has been strong enough for them to be independent.

24 Veresnya 1941 Radianskiy district having made a declaration about the written device to the light. "The Radiansky Union, - said in a whole document, - the right of the skin people to the state independence and the territorial lack of recognition of their land, the right to establish such a suspension ". The whole declaration led to the support and hopes of the revolutionary forces, which they saw in the colonies and were prepared to fight for national independence. The position of the CPCP stimulated the visuvannya of anti-colonial vimog peoples, pidtverzhuval and reality. Vona served as the basis for the inclusion of important provisions, straightened on the liquidation of colonialism, in the UN Statute.

The meta given to the robot is to look at Africa for another hour.

Vivchit an hour a cob of wine;

Vivchiti Rіzni krainyi Africa pіd hour vіyni;

Take a look at the camp of the lands of Africa pislya viyni.

1. Ear of wine (Pivnichna Africa)

Before the start of the battle in Pivnichniy Afritsa, there was also a fighting force: in Libya, under the command of Marshal Italo Balbo, there were two Italian armies. The 5th Army, aimed at Tunis, is small in its warehouse of 8 divisions, built in three corps. At the cordon with Egypt roztashovyvaly vіyska 10th army under the leadership of General I. Berty: three pikhotnі, two lіvіyskі and one divіzіya blacksorochechnikіv. Італійська ugrupovannya narakhovuvalo close to 210 yew. Soldiers and officers, 350 tanks and armored vehicles, 1500 garmat. Aviation parts of Mali with 125 bombers, 88 bombers, 34 attack aircraft, 20 investigators and 33 years, specially designated for combatants in the wilderness. British vіyska at Blizkiy Gathering under the command of General A. Waywell bully rose to the offensive rank: in Egypt - about 65 yew. Soldiers and officers, 150 soldiers, 290 tanks and armored vehicles. The 7th armored division, two brigades of the 4th Indian infantry division and the New Zealand brigade became a small number of forces. By the end of the day, they could have fired close to 95 bombers, close to 60 wardens and 15 investigators of the Royal Air Force, as well as about 30 people from the Egyptian Air Force, Leddel Gart. Druha svitova vіyna. - SPb.: AST, 1999 ..

A list of the Italian plan of action in the Pivne Afritsa will be transferred to the defense forces, as before the defeat of France, the Italian bullets have been attacked by the military fleet, the UPU, and the land forces of the United Kingdom. With such a spread, the Liviyska ugrupovannya Bula would fight on two fronts with inheritance, which would boil down to the sound of inheritance. Before that, yak showed other podії, іtalіyskіvіyski not mali nor tactful, nor technically overwhelming allies for the conduct of maneuvering offensive combat forces want against one of the opponents. The swift thunder of France has drastically changed the strategic situation to the corny of Italy: now all forces could be against England.

Until the 10th day, the 10th Italian Army at the descent of Livia roztashovyvatsya the offensive rank: the 1st Livia division of malarvati to the cordon with the oasis Dzharabub and the stronghold of Sidi-O. The part of the 21st corps defended the part of the 21st corps, which also included the priesthood of Bardi and Tobruk. Nearby reinforcements were laid out from checkpoints and a barbed dart, stretched over the cordon defended by the cordon and a collection of designated for control over the displacement of misfortunes. The 22nd corps roztashovuvavsya for the first time to the Tobruk and screwing the whole ugrupovannya to the blow from the beginning. The uncommon part of the bully was made strong by the brigade of the Blacks, in Jarabub there was a small permanent garnizon, and a part of the 62nd division of "Marmarik" was sent to Bardem. Marshal Balbo rozrakhovuv, after knocking out all the enemy and trying to capture Bardem and Tobruk, and then, if possible, go to the offensive of the Nimetsky Afrika Korps. Boyovi diy in Pivnichniy Afritsi 1940-1942. // ATF. - 2002 ..

On the opposite side, the border was guarded by the grains of the Egyptian army. For example, before the Anglo-Egyptian pleasures, the defense of the land relied on the Egyptian army. Under the treaty of 1936, the English Mali had the right to distribute the foreign contingents for the control of the Suetsky Canal. Five eskadrons of Egyptian prikordonnyh vysk were formed without the need to protect the cordon. Two escadron roztashovalis in the Sivi region, and then abandoned in Es-Shallum. Nadal squadrons in Siwa bully were made strong by 4 old tanks and escadrilled Lisander of Egyptian Royal Air Force. At the very beginning of the battle, the crews of the "Pivdenny Zahid" forces were loaded, which were stored from six Egyptian tanks, decilkoh motorized parts and the Egyptian squadron Lisander. The guards of the Oleksandriya - Mersa-Matruh, coastal and zenith batteries in the Oleksandrii and Kaire areas, fighting saboteurs, also laid their faith in Egypt.

At the end of the situation, those who did not go to Egypt and Italy, wanted to take part in the fighting.

The British team does not know much about those who are on the cordon with Egypt and the concentration of Italian wars, the protest of the concentration and some of the grown-up children have become unidentified. In the current situation, the commander of the British forces of the Western Pustels, General About "Connor has made a stand on the roads of maneuverable defense and raids in the development of enemy units. in the middle of the war, by the forces of the guard, in front of the bullets, the establishment of the enemy’s commanders of the enemy with the garnish in Dzharabub, as well as the establishment of information, the organization of wrongs, etc. on the roads, was set up. pidtrims were guilty of a day from the Sidi-Barrani district, and the 4th brigade roztashovuvalasya pivdennishe Druga svitova vіyna / Pіd zahalnoy ed. Ovchinnikov І.M. - M.: VLADOS, 2004 ..

Let Balbo bend the new command, we will take the Italian missions to the Pivnichniy Afritsa by the names of Marshal Rudolfo Gratsiani. The arrival of the new team leader was scattered for an hour in the changing strategy of the ITALY. France's exit from the war has opened up friendly changes of mind for the conduct of not only defense, but offensive combat actions against Great Britain. Feel free to throw over from the entrance of Livia to the central cordon. The Italian army was preparing for the invasion of Egypt.

2. Lands of Africa before the hour Other holy days

2.1 Egypt

Pivne-African Campaign 1940-43, fighters for Anglo-American and Italian-German Viviens in Pivnichny Afritsa Pid Hour of the 2nd Holy Week 1939-45. 10 worm 1940 Italy denounced the war of Great Britain and France to seize a part of the territory of France, set up your panuvannya on the Middle Earth and opanuvat English and French colonies in Africa Egypt // Land of the African continent. - Minsk: Nauka, 1986 .. However, for 2 months, Italy took up a vicious position, rorakhoyuchi started right in the direction of the Suetsky Canal, one hour behind the back of a fascist fascist trip in Great Britain. If it’s gone, it’s the hang-up of the Nimetsian military to fall back on non-meaningful terms, the 10th of the Italian Army under the command of General I. Berti (6 divisions) On the 13th of April 1940, the third division of Kirena (Libya) began to attack Egypt against the English army "Nil" (commanded by General A.P. Waivell; 2 divisions and 2 brigades). The headquarters of the Italian mission in Libya was met by Marshal R. Graziani.

On the 16th spring of Sidi-Barrani, the Italian zupinilis, and the English went to Mersa-Matruh. On the 9th of 1940, they were rewarded with 2 divisions, including one armored one, they went on the offensive, occupied the whole of Cyrenaica, and on the ear of 1941 entered the El-Ageila area. There is a great part of the Italian capitals, and the rashta was the sky. In the middle of the present, Italy turned up for help to the fascist Nimechchin. In the fierce 1941 in Pivnichnu Africa, there was a new one. Afrika Korps (1 tank and 1 light infantry division) commanded by General E. Rommel. The commander of the Italian military, Marshal Gratsian, was replaced by General I. Gariboldi. Near the threat of a threat, the German-fascist military forces in the Balkans were attacked by the English. From the 31st birch to the 15th of April 1941, the Italian-Nimetsky (4 divisions) once again occupied Cyrenaica and went to the cordons of Egypt. 18 leaf fall 1941 The 8th English Army (commanded by General A.G. Kannіngem; 7 divisions, 5 brigades, close 900 tanks, close to 1300 years) began to attack against the Italian military forces (10 divisions 500, 500 tanks) and I know about the Kirenaic Land of Africa. Political and economic assistant. - M .: Publishing house of political literature, 1988 ..

On 21 September 1942, Rommel made a quick strike at the enemy, defeated the English and 7 fiercely went to the rub of El-Ghazal, Bir-Hakeim. On May 27, 1942, the stinks renewed the offensive, entered Egypt, and before the end of the worm they went on the steps to El-Alameyny, in the immediate vicinity of the Suetsky Canal and Oleksandriya. However, there was not enough strength for the forward attack, and the ability to throw over from the reserve of interlocking. The strategic situation for the English military until the fall of 1942 was reduced, the bullet was strengthened and the growth in Egypt was won and the panuvannya was conquered in every turn.

July 23, 1942, the 8th English Army under the command of General B.L. , 600 litakiv) and broke through the enemy defenses in the area of El-Alamein on the cob of falling leaves. In the course of the English transmission 13 fall leaves occupied the Tobruk place, 27 leaf fall - El-Ageila, 23 June 1943 - Tripoli in the 1st half of the fierce went to the "line of Maret" at the end of the year. 8 leaf fall 1942 6 American and 1 English divisions under the command of General D. Eisenhower dropped out in Algeria, Oran and Casablanz. On the 11th of the leaves, the defender of the head of the "Vishi" squadron and the head of the army, Admir J. Darlan, who had moved to Algeria, had issued an order to the French troops about giving support to the allies. Before the end of the leaf fall, the Anglo-American troops occupied Morocco and Algeria, entered Tunis and went to the river. Bizerte and Tunis. On the ear of the chest 1942 Italo-nimetski vіyska in Tunіsі buli was added to the 5th tank army under the command of General H. Yu. Von Arnim.

In the middle of the fierce 1943, units of 2 German tank divisions, which went out from Libya, under the command of Rommel gave a blow to the American troops, pushed into the winter for 150 km, and then went on forcibly. 21 Bereznya 1943 Anglo-American troops, united in the 18th group of armies under the command of General H. Alexander, began to advance from the south to the "Maret line" the head of the office went to m Tunis.

May 13, 1943 Ital-nimetskі vіyska, otochenі on pіvostrovі Bon (250 thousand. Cholovіk), capіtulyuvali. Employed by the allies of Pivnichnoy Africa, the strategic position of the lands of the fascist bloc at the Seredzemnomorskiy Theater of Vyyskovykh dyy was abruptly destroyed.

El-Alamein, a settlement in Pivnochi Egypt, 104 km to the west of Alexander. First hour of the 2nd Holy War 1939-45 British 8th Army (commanded by General B. Montgomery) 23. Zhovtnya - 4 leaf fall 1942 conducted an offensive operation from El Alamein against the General Field Marshal E. Rommel). Vіyska Rommel defended themselves at the turn of El-Alamein at a 60-km fortified border. Tank army "Africa" (12 divisions, including 2 motorized and 4 tanks, and 1 brigade) carried about 80 thousand. Cholovik, 540 tanks, 1219 garmat, 350 litas. The team could not cope with the formation in the course of the operation, it was not possible for the command, because K. Radiansko-Nimetsky front poured in all reserves, the 8th British Army (10 divisions, including 3 tanks, and 4 brigades up to 230) ... cholovik, 1440 tanks, 2311 garmat and 1500 liters of war in numbers. - M .: Progress, 1999 .. Pizno in the evening of the 23rd British day went over to the offensive. Proriv zdіysnuvavsya at 9 km dіlyantsі. For a reason of low level of artillery (50 lines per 1 km to the front), the system in the fire of the adversary was not driven, and the British troops for nothing could only slightly wedge into the defenses. In the battle bully, 3 armored divisions were introduced, which were designated for the development of success in the glybin. The enemy pidtyagnuv to the dilyanka, cutting through the reserves and making a number of counterattacks. To that, before the 27th day of the British Revolution, they wedged in for 7 km, for which there was a zupineno attack.

2 leaf fall The 8th British Army renewed the offensive for the advancement of ship artillery and aviation. Rommel reigned with counterattacks from the Glybin, the allies attacked, ale the attacks of the Italian tank divisions, the bully saw great losses for them, the 8th British Army pushed straight into the head strike by 5 km of chips, They got through to the end and the beginning of the day, they opened up the threat of the hiding of the Italian-Nimetsky ugrupovannya. Rommel half-heartedly seeks to Livia. As a result, the change from El-Alameinon reached a turning point in the course of the Pivne-African Campaigns of 1940--43 to the viciousness of the Allies. Italo-Nimetska army, having spent 55 yew. Cholovik, 320 tanks and close to 1000 harmata, the bullet was still visible from the offensive plans and the beginning of the great encyclopedic vocabulary. - M .: Russian encyclopedia. - 2000 ..

2.2 Livia

In the spring of 1940, the rock was passed in Livia, the Italian Vijska began to begin with the death of Egypt. The Italians, who could pass six times in their forces, were sent to the English to the cordon. However, having slipped into the fifty kilometers, through the disorganization of the organization and the loss of the management of the Italian zupinily the offensive. The English progressed to the preparatory positions at Mersa Matruh. As a result, there was a gap of 130 km between the fighting armies. More than three months. For a whole hour, the English took away the new values.

In the middle of the English army "Nil" went over to the offensive. The common Italian positions from the side of the empty space, you wondered about the Italian positions at the entrance. In a short term, the boules of the city-fortress Bard, Tobruk and Bengaz, and the English vіyska continued to advance at the Liberal of Livia. The offensive came to the English in 500 people killed and 1200 wounded, at that hour the Italian only lost 130 thousand rubles. Cholovik, as well as 400 tanks and 1290 Garmat. The Italy stumbled upon a serious threat in the loss of Livia and the bully was tempted to turn for help to Nimechchin.

On the ear of 1941, the transfer of the Nimetsky "African Corps" to Livia began. The corps commander, General Rommel Virishiv, is quick to say that the English times have grown strongly before the coming hour. Winning a counterattack, not checking all his forces і, a team of projectile opponents for the number of them in 5 times, beating him in parts. The English army was rocked 900 km away. І only a marginal marriage of forces, aggravated by the need for a vision for the blockade of Tobruk, and the withdrawal of tyles threw Rommel in the course of a trip to Egypt Africa // New and new history. - M .: Education, 1994 ..

2.3 Pivnichna Africa 1941-1942. Tobruk i African Corps

On the ear of the fierce 1941, the majestic Italian army of General Rodolfo Graziano in Kiev was driven by British motorized units and a capital at Bedafom. They have fallen into the Tripolitania Italian Viiyska bully of the enemy, but they have become, but they have not become defended in the defense of Mussolini's bridgeheads in Sivshi. Afritsi. In the very critical situation, Hitler and the virulent sent Rommel to Africa, which, being still a young officer from the 1st hour of the day, broke up the Italian dance team from Caporetto in 1917. In 1940, the 7th-1940s. role in the rozgromi of the English-French vіysk. Vіn returned to Sivshi. We will repeat Africa to perekonannym, so that the way to the next level lies not through the defensive line, but through the post-ruh forward.

Hanging in Sivshi. Afritsi 12 fierce 1941 to finish the modest ones in numbers, Rommel immediately threw it into battle in the hope of introducing the English into the general domination of the Italian army. The main tank forces of the Afrika Korps arrived in Trypol not earlier than the middle of the birch forest. Ale navit until the end of the birch, the 5th mechanized (by the year 21 tanks), the division still has not arrived again. Another division - the 15th tank - had not been fooled before by the grass. Unimportant for the marriage of forces, April 3, 1941 Rommel threw his understaffed until the end of the division in a trial counter-attack on the position of the English military. Vono viyavilosya kudi bolsh happy, now you can boil down. Mensh nіzh in two tizhnі vin having broken the balance of power into his corny. After a few days the Afrika Korps seized Bardo, and then rushed to Tobruk. General Archibald Wawel hastily marched to the cordons of Egypt, having left in Tobruk a strong Australian garnizon, a kind of vitrimati for the eight thousandth leg. Garnizon, having trimmed the prisky "Tobruk shchuri", struggling in otochennі, showing divine manliness, as soon as the cloud was born. The Afrika Korps did not appear in the snake of taking Tobruk, but it could have completely changed the fight to Sivshi. Afritsi.

At the grass-worms, the English launched an offensive, a little more skinny times Rommel launched their attacks, being smart with a lot of squeezing on Tobruk. The greats of the stabbings by Rommel's acts and the Afrika Korps of the United Kingdom Churchill in the fall of 1941 against General Wawel and appointing General Claude Auchinlek as the commander of the British troops at the Close Gathering. In 1941, Auchinlek, with the forces of the 8th British Army, attacked Rommel's positions and drove the Afrika Korps to El-Ageila, having taken the lead at Tobruk. The English victories overcame the enemy in live force 4 times, and in tanks - 2 times. English Mali 756 tanks and self-powered garmat (plus a third in the reserve), at that hour there were 174 tanks and 146 - an old tank. At the very peak of the British nastaniya, Churchill said to Rommel, who spoke to Rommel, speaking in the Chamber of Volumes: “We can reach before us an admitted and brave adversary, I am guilty to say that I do not care about the poor warlord,” the great.

The Afrika Korps would send a baked support to send Cyrenaica and go to the Tripolitania cordons, to the last position. Rommel was distracted by the unique pasta prepared for new and saved a large part of the technology. On the cob in 1942, German transports in Seredzemnomoria delivered 50 to 100 tanks to the men from 50 to 100 tanks, which were enough, and the Afrika Korps once again rushed forward. He broke through the front line at El-Ghazal until fiercely. At the grassland Rommel, having broken the great offensive, allowed that vreshti-resht to opanuvati Tobruk, invaded the territory of Egypt and, minayuchi Sidi-Barani and Mersa-Matrukh, to reach El-Alamein, which had traveled 100 km all the way to Alexander. "Foxes are empty" of the skoivtsi neymovyrny kidok, mayuchi deprived of 280 self-driving signs and 230 Italian tanks of the old zrazka against the size of 1000 tanks from the English. Before that, the British military mali was close to 150 new American tanks with more hard-hitting defenses. For two strong offensives, the 8th British Army was sent back to the final position in the Nilu Delta region. Tіlki here zupiniti protruding through the Afrika Korps.

Unimportant on the triumphant pavement, the Afrika Korps still took advantage of its power. For an hour now, the reserves of the dead were laid bare, and the freshness of them appeared importantly. English ships and lithuanians, which were based in Malta, mercilessly bombed German transports. The soldiers of the Afrika Korps were known to be in heavy fighting; With a hand of great fate, the Afrika Korps found two foully manned divisions, which were deployed from 2 tank and 3 infantry battalions, a badge of the strongest decilkom and artillery troops. Hitler, by chance, revised his dodatkov divinity to deprive him of that, as the African Corps buzzed at El-Alamein, albeit above, other svitov's guilt in the fortunes of W. Churchill, Charles D. Legle, H. / Ed. Troyanovskiy Є.Ya. - M .: Politizdat, 1990 ..

At the serpna in 1942, he went straight to Moscow for a show with Stalin, Churchill made a trip to Kaire, and made a special assessment of the situation in Sivshi. Afritsi at the Blizkiy Goe. Winning a reshuffle in the British command at the time of the critical camp of Rommel's army. General Harold Alexander will be the head of the British mission at the Blizky Gates. It’s not so easy for the 8th Army to find a new commander. Lieutenant-General Gott, who was preparing for qiu posadu, having gone into an emergency disaster. Churchill decided on the candidacy of Lieutenant General Bernard Lowe Montgomery. The tse of the sign of the veil came in the distance. Montgomery took everything until one was revealed in the first order of the day and became deprived of the obedient moment, so as to give a fatal blow to the enemy. The 8th British Army is small for the whole hour of reloading in tanks and litak 6 times. Monthly nights 23rd Anglians unleashed an artillery fire at the position of the Afrika Korps. Chotiri Godini, therefore, after restraining the assault, as a result, correct the result. Vіyska Rommel went to sleep, as it was trivial until quiet feast, as long as the left Nimetsian soldier didn’t pick up a lot of months because of that in Tunis. Ale all the Afrika Korps didn’t have any residual wages. Hitler blessed his soldiers to die on the battlefield. In an hour, the majestic fleet of the Allies made its way to the shores of Morocco and Algeria, and on the 8th of the leaves of 1942, the Allies were in Casablanz, Oran and Algeria. Afrikaans have eaten in pasta and do not bring any coriste anymore. By the forces of the Allied Vіysk Sіvsha. Africa is crazy. Hitler was smart in every way to try it out, when he went to Tunis and to Bizertu, albeit just fine. Rommel was still in the distance to carry out another attack on the American route in the area of the Kasserinskiy pass and inflict a serious shkody. A few Americans were quick to talk and in 1943 Berezna-Quiet, for the actions of the 8th British Army, they sent the Afrika Korps to the very edge of Misu Bon Peninsula. Here, in 1943, the 250-thousandth Nimetska army was built in full. The significance of the Afrika Korps has been absorbed, and 20 British divisions - half of the entire active army of Great Britain Voropaev A. Encyclopedia of the Third Reich - M ..: Encyclopedia of the Third Reich - M ..

3. The edges of Africa for the day

Having ceased to be the arena of confrontation Going and coming, the whole region has lost its strategic importance in the system of political coordinates of the provincial powers, and the news of the political and economic development of the African countries of the world Bully broken crooked with a podolanya of the superbly vitratic character of the additional help, that the African powers rely on a two-sided and a rich-sided basis.

At the close of the city, like in Africa, so and beyond the borders of the border began to widen in the edge of the pesimistic mood, but not only in the distant, but the closest perspectives of the region, the scenario of the development of the situation, very little apokaly In the international political vocabulary, the understanding of "Afropezymism", as it is used and accepted by serious arguments, is motnically introduced.

Dzherel "Afropesimism" became the Persh for all the difficult economical camp of the big regions of the region. On a small part of the continent, more than 11% of the population of the Earth (600 million Cholovik) lives, but less than 5% of the world's population falls. From 53 African regions 33 belong to the group of the most developed regions of the world (LDC).

Particularly for the rest of the time, those who want a piece of Africa in the rejection of the international economic aid to the countries to develop was 38% (17% in 1970) and to grow up to the bitter stage of billion mіzh 15 і 20 rubles. In Rik, fall GDP per capita on the continent for the period 1980 - 1992. reached 15%.

In the end of the 50s, for the last year's financing, 12% went to the state budget in Senegal, 23% in Niger, 28% in Mauritania, 34% in Mali, and in Cape Verde (size) - 70%. In the middle in the provinces for the first day from the Sahari, the current budgetary financing in the current state was approximately 11% of the GDP, while in the provinces of the Spanish African and Nearby Asia the indicator became less than 1.2%. regions of Latin America -0.4%.

With such a rank, unimpressed on the massive economic aid, Africa has become not only from the developed industrial powers, but from the great countries, which are developing, they were going through the period of the boisterous economy. Even in the 40s, the main indicators of the economic development of Ganya are New Korea They were the same, but the income per capita of the population in Nigeria, but not in Indonesia, then until the end of the 60s, whether it was early became marnas.

Unimportant to the zusilla of light spirituality, do not give in to the problem of hunger. Periodically, food shortages have become dramatic in Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Angola, Rwanda, Zaire, S'orra Leone. The problem of businessmen has taken on a special scale. In Africa, there are more than 50% of foreign citizens (more than 7 million Choloviks) and 60% of shifted individuals (20 million Choloviks). / Pid. ed. A.V. Torkunov. - M .: "Russian Political Encyclopedia" (ROSSPEN), 1999 ..

In the edge of the unfriendly inheritance for the interests of international security, there are numerous internal international conflicts in the remote regions of Africa. During the post-colonial period, 35 recent conflicts have been recorded on the continents, in the course of which, close to 10 million have disappeared. The weakening of the political and political involvement in the right of Africa from the side of the superpowers has led to a decrease in the number and intensity of conflicts in the region; , confessional and clan conflicts, social vitrates of reforms.

In the 60s, Vijskov's acts were conducted on the territory of more than a dozen African states. Particularly great ruinous warnings and changes in ethnic conflicts were brought to Angola, Ethiopia, Liberation, Mozambique, Somalia, Chad, Mauritania, Senegal, Western Sahara, Sudan, Uganda, Malaysia. The longest inheritance is thirsty for ten years, and the number of recurrences of confrontation will remain high.

In connection with the cym of "Afro-ness", the social, economic and political characteristics of the African continent are important to the large-scale region of the region on the permanent instability, and the situation of the development of the new vitality Zagalom, on їkhnyu dumka, Africa bully, і will be "dzherelom pіdvischenoi nebezpeki" in the system of international news.

However, unimportant to the seriousness of threats on a regional and global scale, which is evident on the African continent, the new order will be built up between the third thousand years, if it is not only these factors that start out, like the most obvious new trends.

Positive changes have become possible before the start of the great future conflicts in Africa. The liquidation of the apartheid regime in the PAR has a beneficial effect on the situation in the modern part of the continent. There was a protracted political struggle in Namibia, Mozambique and Angola. Normalized in both Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. Due to the independence of Eritrea, a large-scale community has come to an end in the Ethiopia, and now it has been brought into being at the international level.

The solution to the problems, after a long hour, the headaches of the tension on the African continent disappeared and around the corner, which appeared to be small, insufficient for the establishment of the atmosphere of regional security. Until the mid-90s, the situation in Bagatyokh districts, which had previously seen only potential zones and local confrontation, became sharply aggravated.

The situation in the Great Lakes region developed especially dramatically. Going into the depths of the colonial history of conflict between the Hutu and Tutsi have been flown beyond the borders of Rwanda and Burundi, de live by the people. Conflict has come to the fore in this world of great powers in the subregion.

It’s getting tense in Somalia, because of the actual decline of the state, and it’s getting worse and worse, trying to reach the political pass. In the midst of the middle states of the other powers in the ranks of the vipadks, they helped to reduce the level of confrontation, however, the participants in the conflict did not see it at once with peaceful domesticity.

It is imperative that the avoidance of political-political confrontation is closely related to the race of war on the African continent, as there is instability in the internal politics and in the intergovernmental states. In the middle of the country, Africa is developing with the greatest strength until the end of the 70s in Mali Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Morocco, Ethiopia, Angola and Nigeria. In the armies of the Central Asian countries, the main part of the armored forces of the continent, a large part of the military aviation and the fleet. Even in nine regions (Somalia, Kenya, Sudan, Tunis, Tanzania, Mozambic, Zambia, Zambabwe and Zaire), there is a high potential to reach the subregional rivals, so that it is allowed to actively fight in the fight between

The picture of the high instability of the political and political situation in the African regions of Africa is practically everywhere to be updated practically everywhere by the irregularity of the establishment of national minorities, separatist tendencies, manifestation of the relative intolerance, the lively, That is why it is practical in all parts of the continent to see not only real, but the potential "hot spots", which can become the most important transition to the path of economical recovery and long-term development of African countries.

Protect ninishnє camp in the "hot spots" of the African continent in the rest of the rock did not become indifferent. The directors of the UN, the Zusillas of the OAU, and of the other powers in a number of vipadks have longed for positive devastation.

Bula successfully completed a large-scale operation to bring the world to Mozambique. Without a hundred accelerated processes of national reconciliation in the PAR. Bully know the peaceful version of the territorial super-transmissions between Chad and Livin about the smog of Ausu, food about the status of Walfish-Bey. Along with the growth of internal conflicts in Lesotho, Swaziland, the Central African Republic, on the Comoros, as well as the territorial super-links between Nigerian and Cameroon, Eritrea and Bіnіmenu, Naman.

Bring the butts є we will overconflict the proof that the regulation of conflicts in Africa is important, albeit quite real, to the occasional term. It is also important that the process of peacemaking, having considered in conjunction with specific conflicts, harmoniously adhere to the global tendencies of confrontation. To the information about the ideas of the African lands in the international and regional security є signed the agreement on the establishment of a nuclear-free zone in Africa. Growing pragmatic ability to control the growth of all kinds of diseases and seeking the fence of one of the most deadly species on the continent. In connection with the tsim of the assessment of the situation in the "hot spots" of Africa, through the prism of "Afropesimism" Africa in to the lucky day... - SPb.: Peter, 2003 ..

The characteristic rice has grown in size according to the establishment and growth of peace on the African continent, there is a wide range of interest in the spirit of society, and especially of the powers - members of the United Nations For Security. It is symptomatic that during the whole period 40% of the UN forces were sent to the world to do business in Africa. Along with the current year, the pragmatism of the African lands themselves is becoming more and more active to participate in the processes of regulation and peacemaking.

An important phenomenon of international news in Africa is becoming the ear of the form of the special mechanism of the OAU, which is pledged to prevent the prevention and regulation of conflicts. According to the documents of the OAU Kazakh Samit, the principle is laid down on the basis of the principle of non-control of the internal authorities of the powers, of the rule of sovereignty and territorial integrity, of the regulation of conflicts in negotiations, in the middle of consultations. It was appointed і zrazkovy (1 million dollars). Obligation of the children of the United Arab Emirates for the consumption of a special peacekeeping corps.

Alle the contours of the regional systems and bezpekami viglyadayut leave to fill with pouring parts. The contractual structure, the criteria for the function and cooperation with the UN forces to promote the world are still amorphous in nature. A stone of spontaneity for African peacemaking є the lack of material resources, and smut, the visibility of each other among the great nations of the country and ambitions and leaders.

In connection with the current situation, there is a need for Africa's international peacekeeping in the right direction of the African peacekeeping forces. However, it is impossible to show signs of singing differences between the United States and France - two of the most important backward partners of African countries.

The evidence of American and French approaches to the problem manifested itself vividly at an international conference in Dakar. France stood up for the preservation of its direct presence in Western Africa (5 military bases) and training for the participation of the great French contingent of the Special Peacekeeping Corps (MARS) from representatives of seven French regions of the subregion. The whole plan is being implemented in accordance with the American project, which will transfer the mission of the peacekeeping corps to the International Configuration (ASRK). In the process of forming the ASRK, it has already been prepared by a battalion of allied forces from Senegal and Uganda. In the nearest future, they plan to connect also battalions from Ghani, Malawi, Mali, Tunisu and Efiopia. This rank, the principle of the French and American perceptions about the possibility of participation of African powers in operations to promote the world on the continent, on the other side, on the subregional, and from the bottom - on the transcontinental scale.

The idea of the mainstream of the African forces of the swift rozgortannya as a whole fit into the global strategy of decentralization of peacekeeping. If it’s realizable, it is necessary to preserve the safety of the UN Security Council, the role of the head instrument in educating the world, clearly taking into account the specific skin-specific order.

Light and normalization of the situation to serve as the forefront minds for the development of the economic and social country on the African continent. One hour, the optimism of the future of all the conflicts is abundant in the number of dressings with the basic indicators of economic growth, a characteristic hour for the majority of African powers.

visnovok

The pace of economic recovery and the prospect of political stabilization in Africa is rich in reason for the development of integrated processes in the older regions of the continent. Renovation of the pre-existing and laying of new land, directing for the preservation of the economic oversupply of goods, people and capital; And the successful economic development will become the basis for the development and baggage of political sales.

The rapidity of the approach of the international financial institutions to the problems of the African Borgs is not only a purely economic aspect, but rather, less of one side. With such a rank, the donor will be able to control the progress of the reforms, and, in a smarter way, he will be surrounded by vitrati boarzhniks from their point of view. In minds, if there is no way about the establishment of any form of earthly opiqueness over the unstable state structures of the African lands, there are a lot of masses of people who appear as much as a non-sovereign decision before the vitraction of the obsessed subordinate diseases.

Nayaskravіshim butt є shvidke zrostannya vіyskovyh vitrates in Afritsі. Until recently, in the middle of the African land, they spent 15 billion dollars on the Internet. In rik. I want 2/3 of the time asignuvan to fall on Egypt, Libya and PAR, great budgets of Mali, as well as Algeria, Morocco, Angola, Ethiopia and Nigeria, which are unstable in economical and political. It is noteworthy that 12 countries on the continent lost 5% of GDP on their own (there are only 4 of them among NATO members), and the budgets of Libya, Angola, Morocco and Cape Verde accounted for 12% of GDP.

Vіyskovі vitrati glaze and without that interconnect the financial resources of the African countries. Utrimannya one African soldier to get along in a bag, how to see on the lіkuvannya, educate and socially secure 364 people, how to be brought to the civilian population. Vіyskovі vitrati became one of the main reasons for the growth of foreign trade in Africa. According to the small estimates, the share of credit in the structures of the Borg of the Territory, which develops in Africa, becomes 15 - 20% to one third.

Pinning down conflicts, setting up minds for the economic development and advancement of the efficiency of earthly assistance to African countries є at the current stage by the key employees in the systems of the most popular political global priorities. Allegedly, there was a positive devastation in all the overwhelming directness of not knowing the order of the present abundant food, as the trend of the future trends of a wide international interaction in Africa and around her. Surely, in the near future, the spirit of the spirit will grow to the active buzz of regional demographic, ecological, energy and a number of other problems of the African continent. A new sphere of political intercourse may be due to the expansion of ties between the African powers and the countries of the Great Patriotic War and the Great Patriotic War.

List of Literature

1. Africa // New and New History. - M .: Education, 1994.

2. Great encyclopedic vocabulary. - M .: Russian encyclopedia. - 2000.

3. Viyna in numbers. - M .: Progress, 1999 ..

4. Voropaev A. Encyclopedia of the Third Reich - M .: Enlightenment, 1997.

5. Druha svitova vіyna. / Під zalalnyu ed. Ovchinnikova I.M. - M .: VLADOS, 2004.

6. A friend of svitova vіyna in the fortunes of W. Churchill, Charles de Gaulle, C. Hell, W. Lehi, D. Eisenhauer. / Ed. Troyanovskiy Є.Ya. - M .: Politizdat, 1990 ..

7. Egypt // Lands of the African continent. - Minsk: Science, 1986.

8. Lebedev M.M. Africa in a modern world. - SPb.: Peter, 2003.

9. Leddel Garth. Druha svitova vіyna. - SPb.: AST, 1999 ..

10. Nice African Corps. Boyovi diy in Pivnichniy Afritsi 1940-1942. // ATF. - 2002.

11. Successfully international news. / Pid. ed. A.V. Torkunov. - M .: "Russian Political Encyclopedia" (ROSSPEN), 1999.

12. The edges of Africa. Political and economic assistant. - M .: Publishing house of political literature, 1988.

Kinets of the Holy Colonial System

Yak meant earlier, before the ear of the XX century. Provincial European powers completed the colonization of the great expanses of Asia, Africa, Latin America, Australia and Oceania.

In 1919, 72% of the territory and 69.4% of the population of the Earth fell on a part of colonies and fallow lands.

Chronology of the rejection of independence

The African continent has grown into a world of colonialism. A number of "great powers" of Europe have seized 25 million square meters. km of land, that is, the area is 2.5 times more than all Europe, and the population was reluctant to pivmilyard (523 million).

Red-nominated offensive figures: France had a size of 10545 yew. Sq. km, England - 8973 yew., Nimechchini - 2459 yew., Belgium - 2337 yew., Italy - 2259 yew., Portugal - 2076 yew., Spain - 333 yew.

sq. km. Formally, only Ethiopia and Liberation became independent.

Decolonization of the lands and continents was held in parallel with the process of colonial expansion.

The regions of Latin America were the first to be involved in the process of decolonization. More on the cob XIX cent. On a whole continent, the strained nationally-viscous roaches have swept through, as a result of which the vast majority of the regions of Latin America have become independent.

Until 1826, from the efforts of the majestic national empire in Spain, it lost only Cuba and Puerto Rico.

The First World War and followed it, economic and political crises in the provincial colonial powers took on a nationally-vis-à-vis collapse. However, in the colonies it has not yet been formulated to reach the social forces that are built to last.

In 1917, political independence was deprived of three lands.

Intensive decline of the colonial system and some other new developments. U 1943-1959 rr. Nezalezhnost zdobuly 20 krajn. U I960-1970 rr.

Close to 50 lands. Over the entire period, there have been nearly 100 new sovereign powers in the world of colonies and politically fallow lands.

In Asia, the most hostile bully is the overcoming of the nationally-visceral ruin over British imperialism.

On the territory of the Indian National Congress, the party of the Indian National Congress led by the President Mahatmi Gandi led the fight. In 1947, the British colony of India was divided into two dominions - the Indian Union and Pakistan. In 1950 the Indian Union became a sovereign Republic of India. On the other hand, Pakistan has voted for India's sovereignty.

Similar processes developed in Pivdenno-Shidniy Asia. In the rock of another world, a part of the territory of the Second World War was conquered by the Japanese imperialists.

Disappointing Japan in Other Svitovyi vіynі supervoluzhuvaly to the growth of the nationally-viscous rue and to the independent wickedness of the independent colonies of the European powers.

First, in 1945, she independently voted her independence from the Netherlands in one of the largest powers in the region - Indonesia.

In 1949 Niderlandi bully adopted the idea of the sovereignty of the republic.

At the crescent of 1945, the French Indochina lost a rebellion under the guise of Ho Chi Minh. In the spring of 1945 on the territory of V'utnam, the rebels threw out an independent power - the Democratic Republic of V'utnam. The French colonizers did not want to make peace with the second Indochina. The stench fired up the vіyskіvіdії and tried by force of renewal their colishnіy status of the metropolis. In 1949, the state of V'utnam was smelled by the stench of the occupation of the territory.

In 1954, as a result of the great victories, the stinks were written in Geneva, please, in which they recognized the sovereignty of V'utnam. In 1953, the two largest powers of the French Indochina - Cambodia (Kampuchea) and Laos - were rendered independent.

The most intensive decolonization process in the 50-60s.

taking place in Afritsi. Seeing the process on the wine continent. In the end of 1951, the national independence from the Italian Dosyagla Livia. In 1952, in the struggle with the British colonizers, the independence of Egypt was restored.

In 1954, the independence was conquered by the large French colonies of Morocco, Tunis and Sudan.

In the beginning of the night, the fall of the nationally-viscous collapse for the first day and swept along Zakhidniy, Central and Shidniy Afritsa. In 1957, the first middle of the colonial lands of tropical Africa was conquered by the independence of the English colony Gold Coast - Ghana. In 1958, Guinea became a country.

1960 it was renamed "Rik Africa".

In tsei rik 17 colonies of boules were thrown by independent powers: Cameroon, Togo, Senegal, Mali, Madagascar, Zaire, Somalia, Benin (Dahomey), Niger, Verkhnya Volta, Shore of the Elephant City, Central African Empire, Gabriya ...

In 1962, the independence of Algeria, Rwanda and Burundi was revived. In 1963 r - Kenia and Zanzibar. In 1964 r - Malawi (New Selendi) and Zambia. U 1966 r - Lesotho. In 1968 r - Swaziland, Equatorial Guinea and Mauritius (Republic of Guinea-Bisau). Such a rank behind the vinyat is a number of territories in the pivdnі land up to the 80th rr. XX Art. The African continent will be decolonized, and therefore the colonial system has fallen apart throughout the entire territory of the earth.

However, the political independence did not automatically neglect the economic independence, but more progress was made.

In large cities of the country, there is a rich economy, primitive, archaic views of the population, low level of education of the population, hunger and evil.

In the economic period, the stench has been overwhelmed by the fallowness of their metropolises, and they have become a "saint village" of the capitalistic system of the government. The large metropolises prodovzhuvali to see the cities of the country yak komori sirovini, the spheres of capital and rinks zbutu, as dzherelo richatomilionnykh attributions.

In the replacement of colonialism, neocolonialism is a system of versatile forms and methods, vikoristovuvany rozvinnyh capitalistic lands for the establishment of rural lands in a regular fallow camp.

This system included the forcibly imposed by the metropolises for the sake of it, so that the sovereignty of the young powers could be surrounded, as there could be a large number of metropolises, or the other industrial powers, from the new strategic bases to the new strategic bases.

One of the most important tools of neocolonial policy is the so-called "financial assistance". As a result of the help of the great powers, they consumed Borg bondage in such a way, because the stench did not vibrate in the third thousand years. With such a rank, the founders of the neo-colonial policy of the colish metropolis are taking strong importance for the land in which they have become: technical and economic, financial, commercial, and political.

On the other hand, the land, which has become enthusiastic due to the growing ease of being able to stand up for the rest of the life of all systems and their information with capitalistic light.

At this stage, the most important thing is the struggle for a new economic order (NMEP). At the center of struggle there is a meal about a re-examination of the international context of pratsi, which was held in the period of the colonial system, for equal parity and in the same way as a sport.

Not less, but maybe more meaningful for the share and the good of the great colonies and the other powers, which have evolved behind the common type of civilization, may be internal re-creation, modernization of all spheres of life.

The quality of modernization is aimed at reaching the main goals: 1) accelerating development; 2) industrialization; 3) mastering the culture of the western type; 4) preserving the power cultural tradition, its own cultural identity.

Historians see three of the most common types of modernization.

The first type is the price of the general public and the attachment of the elements of the ancient civilization to the powerful minds. There is about a large-scale transition to the system of rinkovyh vidnosin, the establishment of the rozvinennyh institutes of democracy and legal power. Naybіlsh yaskravimy butts, we call this version of modernization Japan and India. Following the course of modernization, the people of the land reached the hostile successes.

The best results were approached by Japan, which was found at another place in the world for a gross national product. Not vipadkova publications in the 80-90s of the pp. talked about the "Japanese miracle".

The Japanese and Indian information is to indicate that the transfer of elements of the ancient type of civilization is not mechanical in these countries. The stench was pristosovuvali to the peculiarities of the congregational partnerships.

Zokrem, in Japan the role of communal wives is saved. As a result, Japanese capital has added a collective, corporate character. The Japanese company is a corporate community, a dean, a serviceman, a manager and a shareholder, not only by their own special interests, but by all the interests of the company.

In the political sphere, the role of the clan began. Political parties are more rigidly organized, in them the panun of Suvora is a party discipline.

Another type of dressings with important organizational and technological elements of industrial suspension while saving the most important elements of the network of suspension systems.

We will be able to use a butt of this type of modernization in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates. The economic basis for the development of modernization in the cich countries served as a high price for naphtha, which became a part of the Arab-Israeli era of 1973, for the naphtha and footwear of the country in the Persian backwaters. For rakhunok qikh koshtіv boola, a modern naphtha shoe and naftopererobny industry was opened, transport infrastructure was developed, universities, libraries, schools, and schools were encouraged.

However, the values of the Arab-Islamic civilization, including the monarchical form of government and the Islamic judiciary, have lost their value to the invincible, the shariat is the basis for the regulation of suspicious and special types of vermin.

The third type is characterized by the practice of mastering the organizational and technological structure of the industrial suspension while the economic and political mechanisms of the western type of civilization are barred: market, democracy, law.

With this option, there is an industrial base, scientific potential, a sphere of qualified fahivts. However, the political system is overlaid with a classic skid type. In the whole system, there is a cult of the specialness of the leader, the dominance of bureaucracy, the domination of the rights and freedoms of the people, a tremendous tremendous control over the behavior of individuals.

The third option is the most popular modernization option, followed by a large number of Asian and African countries.

Political literature has options called socialist and non-capitalist paths of development. The Socialist Way was implemented by China during the Mao Zedong era and in Pivnichna Korea. Non-capitalist way - Libya, Syria, Irak, Ghana and ін. However, as I will show you the information, the whole option is not going to show the general problems of the land. Rinok is necessary in the name of democracy.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the democratization of the suspicious life was revered among the people of the land of the group in the 80s and 90s. In such a rite, the demonstration of different types of civilization shows how the process is to be made with significant difficulties, alas, all at once, win all the same. It is possible for this to be true, so that people can move on to a new higher level of civilization development.

The end of the Other World War has become a burdensome postage for the right of nationally-vis-à-vis-willed ruins throughout the world. Already from the end of the 1940s, pp. in Asia, the processes of decolonization were honored, as they increased their strength from the skin for new ten years. About decolonization of the territories of Asia and Africa, for this reason.

Predis-to-ria

Until the vikon-cha-nya Viv-rii mi-ro-voi viyni ko-lo-ni-al-ni vl-de-nya for-ni-ma-li mayzhe one third of the land.

Ba-Gii country-no buli in-lu-ko-lo-ni-i-mi abo pid-man-dat-ni-mi ter-ri-to-ri-mi. Pislya Viv-rii mi-ro-voyi viiiny in for-vi-these-countries, we-were-we-went for failure. Tse pri-ve-lo to process-sam de-ko-lo-ni-za-tsii (ob-re-ti-nya not-in-si-mo-sti buvshi-shi-mi ko-lo-ni -i-mi).

Z-b-ku

1946 - 1950 RR.

- in Asia and Af-ri-ke vis-nik-lo 13 not-vi-si-mih go-su-darties.

1946 - 1954 R.- vіyna at єt-na-me. For-ver-sh-las in-ra-ni-mu Fran-tsii.

1951 RUR... - Livia about-re-la nez-vі-sі-nist.

1954 - 1962 pp.- vіyna in Al-zhi-re, in re-zul-ta-ti ko-to-riy Algeria for-l-chіl non-vі-sі-nist.

1955 RUR- The first con-fe-rn-tsya of af-ri-kan-skih and azi-at-skih go-s-darties, in which-nya-lo navchayuch-style 28 lands.

1956 RUR- non-vі-sі-nіst pro-re-whether Ma-rock-co and Tunis.

1960 p- non-vі-sі-nist in-lu-chi-la So-ma-li.

1960 - Rik Af-ri-ki: close to 45 th-su-darties about-re-li ne-vі-sі-nist.

1974 RUR- non-vі-sі-nist in-lu-chi-chi An-go-la і Mo-zam-bik.

1990 r- Na-mi-biya has become a non-vi-si-mimo-zha-ism.

2001 r- z-bud Af-ri-kan-sky union.

Yogo aim: to be able to get to the point of eco-no-mi-che-ny and in-li-ti-ti-si-no-vi-si-mo-sti af-ri-kan -s go-su-darst. Until 2000 r sum-mar-niy call-niy borg with-storing 370 billion dollars-la-riv.

India

1947 RUR- Be-li-ko-bri-ta-nya before-becoming-la-e-ness of India. On the ter-ri-to-rii, the former bri-tan-skoi-ko-lo-wannabe-ni-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-ka-e-ka-ka-e-ka-ka-e-ka-si-mih g-ma-sta - Indiya and Pa-ki stan.

1950 RUR- Іndіya pro-who-vo-she-on res-publіki-li-koyu.

The first is the premier-mi-ni-strom of a hundred-but-vit-Xia Jah-va-har-lal Nehru.

Ін-do-nі-zia

In the beginning of the XX century, the whole territory of the country Ін-do-nі-ії bula gol-land-skoy ko-lo-nі-іy і no-si-la na-zva-nya Nі- der-land-ska (Gol-land-ska) Ost-in-dia. In 1942 r Ін-do-nі-ziyu for-hva-ti-la Yapo-nya.

Pislya in-ra-nya-nya Yapo-nii pid Viv-rii mi-ro-voyi in In-do-ni-zii ak-ti-vi-zi-ro-va-las fight-ba for no-fault si-nist.

1945 r- pro-who-gl-she-on not-vі-sі-nіst Ін-do-nі-zії.

1950 RUR- Gol-lan-Diya acknowledged the lack of-vі-sі-nist Ін-do-nі-zії and vi-ve-la of his vittya-ska.

1959 RUR- usta-nov-le-nya in Ін-do-nі-zії av-to-ri-tar-no-go re-zhi-ma Ah-me-da Su-kar-no.

1967 r- Su-kar-no vіd-country-nіd vіd ru-ko-vod-otstva-noї.

Uchas-ni-ki

Mo-handas Gandi- a leader on-tsi-o-nal-no-mastery-bo-di-tel-no-dvi-same-nya Іndії.

Za-lu-chil in na-ro-de im'ya Ma-khat-ma ("ve-li-kaya soul").

Jah-va-har-lal Nehru- prime minister-mi-nistr of the Republic of publishing-li-ki of India from 1947 r

(Seven days is-to-rii).

Ahmed Su-kar-no- headed-headed on-tsi-o-nal-no-development-bo-di-tel-ve dvi-same-nya in Ін-do-nі-zії. The first pre-zi-dent of the Republic of publishing-li-ki Ін-do-nі-zia (1945-1967).

For-lyu-che-nya

At-the-first-time letter Viv-rii mi-ro-voyi pro-process de-ko-lo-ni-za-tsiyi pri-viv before, practically, all the former before -lo-vannі about-re-whether not-vі-sі-nist.

For-good-for-the-shi-no-vi-si-nist of the country should-no-no-bully-no-vizna-de-liate your own way, decide eko -no-mi-che-s'ki pro-ble-mi (marvelous lesson "Countries of Af-ri-ki in other po-lo-vini XX - na-cha-le XXI century"). Ak-tu-al-noi za-da-chiy became a fight-ba z neo-ko-lo-ni-a-liz-m.

abstract

Asia. One of the heads of the regions of re-gi-o-na - India - zhem-chu-zhi-na in ko-lo-ni-al-noi ko-Ron Bri-tan-s'koi їm-pe-rії according to the win-riy mi-ro-voyi, she began to strive to the unavailability of the mi-ro-voy.

V Luti-ra-le 1946 to the rock flashed-well-lo vos-sta-nya in Bom-Bay, Pe-re-ros-shii in mass-so-shi vi-stup-le-nya in all India. Ін-do-si, great-tsiu-tav-shih in mіsts-them an-glіy-skikh ad-mi-nі-stra-tsi-yakh, until-ka-za-si-si-can-go- mistress. An-gliy-ske pra-vie-tel-stvo Ettli, pi-ta-Yas To settle the conflict, the way-to-me-ri-els grow up from the Indies to-mi-ni-vin from the management le-ni-mu yogo z Lon-do-na, ale all, in August 1947 India pro-how-glance-with-la its lack of-vis-a-si-nist (Fig.

1). The premier-mi-ni-strom of the India became Ja-va-har-lal Nehru.

V 1946 roci, ter-ri-to-rya Near-ni-go Po-sto-ka, to-to-paradise na-ho-di-las in ko-lo-ni-al-si-ste-me Ve-li-ko - bri-ta-vanni, but through-las not-vi-si-my.

Lon-don see-ka-zal-sya all the way to the earth, mo-ti-vi-yu tse tim, you can't know at the third-le-mo for ara-bov and єv - re-їv re-hu vza-im-but-th pro-sh-zhi-ku.

In 1947, the UN rozi pri-nya-la-re-hu pro raz-de-le-vanni Pa-les-sti-ni - a stone pre-tkno-ve-nya - in Arabic і ev-rei-s'ku chastini, scho bulo pri-nya-then-re-i-mi, ale not bulo pid-der-zha-but ara-ba-mi.

In addition, 1947 flashed-well-la ara-bo-z-ra-il-ska vіyna (1947-1949 rr.) for dan-woo ter-ri-to-riu (Fig. 2). Each of the sides pre-ten-do-va-la on earth Pa-le-sti-ni and Ieru-sa-lim - misto, sacred yak for christi-an, so i for mu-sul-man and іudі-їv.

Z in my CPSR і with yogo all-tse-lіy pіd-der-ke, in 1948 rotsi, in the course of the pro-zhav-shey-sya viyny, bulo pro-voz-sh-but-m-zha-z-ra-il... Moscow has a de-i-fox, scho Z-ra-il vi-be-ret pro-co-vet-s'ku in zi-tsiyu, and everything-ski in-my-ha-li yom.

Premier-mi-nistr Z-ra-ta-la Golda Meir Bula good-ro-shim friend SRCP. Through na-chat ko-no, USA pid-der-zhi-wa-li ara-bov, ale yak only the right-to-rule z-ra-ta-la, in-lu-chiv pid-der ku vid srcr and a little bit of change-nouve, in-ver-well-well to the United States in a special way, Va-shing-ton becoming pid-hold-vat z-ra-il. Thus, from the 1940s rr. designed-mi-moose yakes pro-ty-in-a-hundred-I-nya ve-li-kikh held in this re-gi-one - SRSR becoming a pid-hold-vat Arab-s'ki-Ms-st, and the USA - Z-ra-il.

1. Neza-vі-sі-grass Іndіya (Іс point)

At the ti-che-nya of the 1950s, pp. in Z-ra-il, they began to pe-re-sow-a lot of people from the lands of the country Єv-ro-pi and Asia, z-creating a new space, na, like the stench vva-ta- chi, your own land. At a speedy cha-me-ni, with the financial support of the United States, Z-ra-il became one of the highest co-yuz-ni-cov Wa-Shing-to -on the first time to develop your eco-no-mi-ku.

2. Ara-bo-z-ra-il-sky conflict (Іс point)

Per-ri-od kru-she-nya ko-lo-ni-al-si-ste-mi in Af-ri-ke should be divided into three main steps:

First stage (1946-1947 rr.) If all the countries of Afri-ki became more or less not-vi-si-mi-mi, al-re-al-woo svo-bo-do so and not about-re-whether. Ba-Gii ko-lo-ni-al-ni iv-ro-pei-ski countries all began to talk more and more about see-ka-ze from kol-niy, so the stench began to pull back.

Yakshcho earlier-she met-ro-po-shcha practically-che-ski all vi-ka-chi-va-li from to-lon, then ti-per, na-o-bo-roth, stink tra -there is huge-ni money-gi for pid-der-zha-nya colo-ny.

Вів-рій stage (1960-1965 rr.) connected with the most important In 1960, there were 17 countries at once con-ti nen-ta in-lu-chi-chi re-al-wu nez-vі-sі-nist. 1960 rik - "rik Af-ri-ki" (Fig.

3). For pid-der-zha-nya svitu and in a way-which-inherited a bullet from-zda-on the Or-ga-ni-za-tsia af-ri-kan-sko-ediniy-stva (OAE), I mark someone -ry bulo URE-gu-li-ro-va-nya ter-ri-to-ri-al-them spo-rіv mіzh countries-na-mi, to that scho

gra-ni-tsi of the former colo-ny became gra-ni-ts-mi of non-vi-si-darties, and po-po-dov to spores hwa-ta-lo.

Third stage (from 1975 rock) ha-rak-te-ri-zu-e-xia lick-vi-da-chi-їy shards of ko-lo-ni-al-si-ste-mi, if there is no-vi-si-nist half -chi-chi such countries, yak An-go-la, Gvi-neya-Bi-sau, Mo-zam-bik.

3. "Rik Af-ri-ki" (Іс to-nik)

About-re-ti-nya na-qi-o-nal-niy not-vi-si-mo-sti stakes-ki-va-los z in-hundred-yan-noi fight for power and in-arms squads-no-mi pe-re-vo-ro-ta-mi.

Yaksho through the chat ko-but all the vlada reached a little-n-a-lon-nim about-ra-zo-van-nim people on the prin-ci-groin svo-bo-di і de-mo-kra-nі, then from those-che-nі-mu cha-me-nі vlada za-bi-ra-chi in-en-nі, usta- nav-li-vav-shi-a-hundred-chai-dik-ta-tu-ru. Let's make an example of such a struggle for power, we can serve next.

Koli f їkh-Shaya ko-lo-nya - Belgian-ske Congo - in 1960 rotsi for-lu-chi-lo nez-vі-sі-nist. A new country, we can-head-for a young-lo-doyu de-mo-kra-ti-che-sky leader Pat-rice Lu-mum-ba, Stre-mіv-shiy-Xia before the creation of one-th-th-th-th-th-th-th, to the pre-odd-ness of different-but-glance-sіy mіzh ple-me-na-mi. Lu-mum-ba for-ru-chil-sya pid-der-koi SRSR, ale nezaba-re buv throwing off-nut in-e-na-chat to-ni-who Jo-ze-fom Mo-bu-tu and murders.

Food 24. Achievement of Independence by Arab Lands: Spilne and Vidminne

1) In Persha, the Arab lands were not overrun by colonies. Vinyatki Liche Algeria (1830 - 1962, France), Libya (1911 - 1951, Italy, when it went out in 1942 - the English payback), Aden - pivdenno-lost part of the Arabia, 1918 India).

Rashta Arab lands were protected by protectorates, or by the mandate territories of Great Britain, France, Italy and Spain.

Morocco - according to the treaty of Fez, the protectorate of France from 1912 to 1956 (there was a zone of Spanish Morocco).

Egypt - in 1882, recouped by the British vіyskami, albeit formally - under the rule of Turechchini.

In 1914, England voted Turechchina as its protectorate (until 1922). Until 1951, having opened a condominium - a bedroom of Anglo-Egyptian management (?). Spilne Anglo-Egyptian management was working over Sudan (until 1951).

2) Chastkovo independence of the Arab land was denied as a result of the GCD written by the First Holy Week.

1922 - formal independence of Egypt

1930 - the formal independence of the kingdom of Iraq on the part of the English appointee of King Faisal from the foreign Hashemian dynasty (the fact that the independence of the kingdom was drawn only after the revolution of 1958 brought down the monarchy).

The same is the situation with Saudi Arabia and Aden

3) With such a rank, it is possible to support the hourly rejection of both formal and real independence as the inheritance of fallowness from the great powers.

The reality of independence is reached by the letter of the Other Holy Viyny. For example, the Syrian Bula was burned out by the Square in 1941, But the real independence was known in 1946 when the English Vivedennya was published.

4) All the Arab lands, as well as those in the first place, rejected the independence of the message of the Other Holy Vine, and this is true, as the great powers have weakened.

5) For the Arabian lands, it is typical for the independence of peace with a peaceful path.

Ale є one vinyatok - Algeria (campaign of France, independence - in 1962).

on the edges

Syria - 1941 (ale visnovok of English and French in 1946)

Levan - 1943. (ale visnovok of English and French in 1946)

Livia - one thousand nine hundred fifty-one

More than 300 years of life in Libya (= Tripolitania, Kirinaika, Feytsan) passed under the management of the Ottoman Empire.

In 1912r, as a result of the Italian-Turkish war, it was transferred to the Italian administration, and in 1943 - into the hands of England (Tripolitania and Kirinaik) and France (Feizan). In 1951, Libya became an independent kingdom, and the first (and left) king of Libya became Idris I as-Senusi. Henceforth, Qaddafi's independence is called “wrong”. U 1955r. France has laid down agreements on friendship, and in the first place in the territory of Libya.

The English and American bases were seized (English and Americans respected Libya as an important strategist. A bridgehead at the Close Gates), in exchange for England and the USA they gave Libya an additional economy. 1968 - the revolution of Gaddafi, the fall of the monarchy.

Morocco - 1956. Independence in the result of the NSD on the part with the party "Istiklal". France was leading the war at V'utnam, who went to the protectorate.

Tunis - 1956. Independence in the result of the NSD on the part with the party "Dustur" of Khabib Burgibi.

Ale the army of national vizvolennya did not boom, the struggle was carried out by political methods.

Sudan - 1956. Also in 1953r. laid down by the Anglo-Egyptian for the sake of the recognition of the right of the Sudanese people to self-designation and the ear of the three-ric transition period (the choice to the Institutional fences of Sudan, the vivedennya of the English victories).

Algeria - 1962

Nayostannіshim from the Arab lands (and in the light of day) neglected the independence of other monarchies of the Persian zatoka.

Kuwait - +1961

OAU, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman - one thousand nine hundred seventy-one.

All the cities of the country, the OAU environs, were boiled by the English protectorates from the middle - the end of the 19th century.

Meal 25.

The stage of the political and social and economic development of the Arab regions is written by the Other Holy Week.

Step up the development of the Arab regions:

1940 - 1950 - by the GCD of the Other Holy War, the process of decolonization. Most of the Arabian regions will neglect independence in the whole period, or even up to the cob of the sixties.

1) 1950-60 Rock: until the ear of the 60s rock in the most developed regions of the country in the main world.

Nationally democratic. revolution to move into a new stage, to fix the respect for social and economic problems. The national bourgeoisie is relieved of dynamism and energy - to contribute to those who bring smart and stable income (the sphere of services, greediness) ... Thus, the bourgeoisie cannot change political sovereignty Growing social inertia.

The role of the army is great. (Egypt, Syria, Irak).

2) 1960-70 ... Widely expanded to embrace the ideas of socialism (Egypt, Algeria, Libya ..), but also with a different bourgeois national character. In the 60s, the other bourgeoisie could play the role of the vanguard of the nation.

To carry out social re-creation, given a serious blow to the old bourgeoisie. The activity of the state sector is the one who found the income for the workers' reproach. Awesome boom (naphtha) is taking place on the Arabian Peninsula.

We are leading to the development of urbanization and industrialization, to the development of classes. The powers are divided into two tabori: the Holy Union for the Chol with Saudi Arabia and the progressive forces for the Chol with Egypt. Sponsor antagonism on the basis of: social and political harmony and heavy to the new centers of society.

3) 1970-80 .

1973 - the development of light prices for naphtha. Dohіd from naftodolarіv call up to the power of social. contrast List of current and traditional sectors of the economy; the collapse of capital from rich to common lands is seen.

Mizharabska migration in the land-export of naphtha. There is a strong stagnation of the economy due to the export of oil and from the import of products (the first for all food).

4)1980 e. Duzhe high rate of urbanization in the lands of the inflow. The countries were trying to neutralize the potential popular opposition, to promote low prices for products, to create an effective system and safety. The process of political and social-economic differentiation of vaccinations to:

a) modernization of secularism in higher educational institutions, religious and ideological views

b) strengthening fundamentalism ( for reasons- you can marvel at food 34)

c) growing a part of the robotic class

d) improving the role of the state in the regulation of economic processes.

lucky step

Infections of all Arab lands (Crimea, Mauritania, Emen, Jordan, Sudan) are developing to achieve successfully and at a quick pace.

signify high civilization foundation... Aleksei became the most important factor in the country. vidobotok naphtha.

For such countries, such as Algeria and Tunis naftodolari, a necessary essential for the development of, for example, in the Arabian monarchies, in Libya, naphtha appears as the basis of the economy, forcing the prosperity of all the wealth. From the country to visit in the zmozi of viplachuvati to help the people (Jordan, Syria, Lebanon), to that

there are a lot of naphtha resources zovsim.

Lands that have solicited independence from the Other Holy Day

Without cich donations, the homeland would not have been able to address the problem of life. Nafta and naftodolari play a primary role in the development of the region. country Maghribu dispense with naphtha with a look at those who do not volodya. For example, Egypt has risen to the top of the capitalist road to develop and develop successfully.

Without naphtha and naftodolariv, obviously the minority of the countries has been surpassed. Most of the same in the same hour to deposit some naphtha. Ozbroennya (in Iraq and Syria), developed social experiments with a Marxist trick (Algeria, Syria, Libya, Irak) are paid by these naftodolars.

The civilization peculiarities of the Arabian region come to a different plane in front of the great number of naphtha. The naphtha-type footwear and naphtha-pererobny industry with the help of securing uninterrupted robotics and the implementation of naphtha are developing in the gallus of industry in the first place. All countries export nafta countries Ministry of the Nafta State, The great role of the video Organization of the territories of exporters of naphtha — OPEC.

Non-oil development best results dosag Єgipet.

It is also possible to see Syria, Algeria and especially Iraq in the world of industry. branch Silskoy government on the edges of the territory is nerivnomirne. In some regions, the agrarian reforms have yielded positive results, while in some of the stinks they were directed towards the cooperation of the peasantry and against the private sector, which led to negative results (Algeria, Libya).

Zagalom, arabic svit of dosyag of high results.

It is also required vrahovuvati, how the stench buli reached in the minds Rizikovannyh social experiments, frequent short-lived victories, post-war messengers, rejection of capitalist norms, values and orders by Islam.

The reasons are all naftodolari, as well as the tendency to all-Arab solidarity. An important factor in solidarity is the problem Palestine.

Bagati of the Arabian monarchies do not skimp on things for the help of Palestine, but also for the other regions of the region, which stand up to Israel.

Economic transformation in the Arab lands in the post-bipolar period:

The main problems of the economy are mono-commodity and the hypertrophied fallowness of the market.

quilted pragnennya

Vikoristovuvati naftodolari for the establishment of the largest economics galuzei, but they will be less fallen from the countries-importers of naphtha.

Diversify budgetary support

to carry out industrialization

All the prices really started to work only when the prices dropped for naphtha. To fix vicoristovuvati p'yatrychny development plans. crocs:

1) provide infrastructure (from the mid-80s)

2) include national private capital in the virobnichi sphere.

3) the stem of the sov.

industrial zones (in one place there are many plants ...)

4) the establishment of large-scale industrial centers.

Directions: energy production, clear water, development of naftohimia, silskoe dignity. We will develop the role of the national capital, carry out the privatization of the state sector (privatization of small-scale enterprises), involve the market officials in replacing the government-run administration, and save money. Speed up vіyskovі vitrati (zvіlnyayut pennies) - to that

now, Iraq will not become clogged. With this rank, it is even more important to unblock the budget and restructure the economy. Aleksey has not yet embarked on radical reforms. Often the price is tied together with the fact that the destabilizing situation in the land of Vlad Riziku otrimaty has grown up with an infusion of fundamentalist (against which stench one must fight).

Features of the formation of the colonial system

In the slave community, the word "colony" meant "settlement". Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome Mali colonies-settlements on foreign territory. Colonies in the bitter meaning of the word appeared in the era of the Great Geographical Indications in the end of the XV - the ear of the XVI century.

As a result of the Great Geographical Indications, the beginnings of colonial system. Tsey stage the development of the colonialism of dressings with the formation of capitalist wines.

For three hours, the understanding of "capitalism" and "colonialism" is in a frenzy. Capitalism has become a panic social and economic system, a colony that has become the most important factor in accelerating the process.

Colonial robbery and colonial trade have become important djerels of the first piled up capital.

The colony is a center, it has been interrupted by political and economic independence, and it has become a part of the metropolis.

cob period

The period of the initial accumulation of capital and manufacturing production zoom in the change and form of mutual colonies and metropolises.

For the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, bully persh for all the dzherels of gold and silver. Natural practice їх buv doors robbery right up to the blame for the indigenous population of the colonies. However, the gold and the middle, the victories from the colonies, did not accelerate the formation of capitalist vyrobnitstva in the cich lands. A great part of the riches, plundered by the Spanish and the Portuguese, took the development of capitalism in Holland and England.

The Dutch and English bourgeoisie profited from the supply of goods to Spain, Portugal and their colonies. The floods of the Portuguese and Spanish colonies in Asia, Africa and America became the object of the colonial floods of the Netherlands and England

Period of industrial capitalism

The advance stage of the development of the colonial system of tying with the industrial revolution, as to be repaired in the last third of the XVIII century.

and end up in blame European countries until about the middle of the XIX century. infusion period exchange of goods, how to draw in the colonial lands in the svitov commodity exchange.

It is necessary to build up to the subordinate heritage: from one side, the colonial land is transformed into the agrarian-earthy appendages of the metropolitan areas, from the second - the metropolis, the socially-economical development of colonies,

Before the ear of the First World War, at the stage of monopolistic capitalism, there are colonial powers of three European powers:

At the end of the stage, the territorial submission of the light will be completed. Provincial colonial powers will support the capital of the colonies.

Colonialism in the XVI-XVII centuries

Colonization of the African continent.

In the colonial politics of the European powers of the XVI-XVII centuries.

especially the mice of the African continent. Slavery was spreading in Africa a number of capitals, it was altogether patriarchal in nature and not so tragic or pernicious before the arrival of the Europeans.

work The Portuguese appeared in the middle of the 15th century, while the English, Dutch, French, Danz and Swedes joined it. (The centers of work in the main on the Western Uzbek coast of Africa - from the Green Misu to Angola inclusive.

Lands that have solicited political independence from the Other Holy Day

Especially rich slaves were transported from the Golden and Nevilnyi shores).

Colonialism during industrial capitalism. The role of colonies in the economic development of metropolises

The role of colonies in the economic development of metropolises is significant for the new historical minds.

Volodinnya colonies took industrial development, transferring over the other powers, maneuvering resources in times of war, economic crises, etc. At the point of all colonial powers, all the colonial powers to reject the rose.

The matured technical equipment of the armies is allowed to be realized. At the same time, the "view" of Japan and China is being seen, the establishment of a colony of English people in India, Birma, Afritsa, is coming to an end to France Algeria, Tunisia, USA America, China, Korea, Japan - in China, Korea, etc.

At the same hour, the struggle of the metropolises for the volodinnya colonies, dzherels of the Syrovini, strategic positions on Skhodi will take place.

1. First Independence was approached by India in 1947 r Before and after 1960 r
stripped of the rock of Africa, Independence finished off 100 lands.
Bulo nazivati was taken from the light hand of a French journalist
regions of the "third svit".
thrashing
independence in
Algeria in 1962

The era of decolonization

- 1947 rik - Great Britain poured
independence of India and Pakistan;
- - 1954 - V'єtnam otrimav nezalezhn_st;
- The Italian colonies were taken under the UN Opinion
і denied freedom (Libya - 1951 r
Somali - 1960 rock);
- 1960 - Rik of Africa (17 territories were
independence.

1. Let's fold the Arab-Izrail conflict, which is a
scale of failure. Uninvolved on a bagato with a truce, tse
prototype is trivial at a time.
Israeli aviation strike on Beirut, the capital
Livan in 1973
Zmіna Territory izraїlu Pislya
Conflicts

the problem of modernization

2 rotor lines:
1.Sotsialisticheskiy (on the basis of the CPCP);
2.Capitalistic (similar to the United States and
Єvropi).

1. In the pislyavonnomu svitі for infusion on the new powers have appeared in
During the fall of the colonial empires, the two fought
superpowers of the USSR and the USA, naturally, as a result of the
struggle became the basis of new powers on socialist and
capitalistic.
Aswan rowing on the Nil is prompted by
financial support СРСР. 1970 r
Khrushchov and President of Egypt Nasser.

2. In the majority of the decolonizing powers under the rule of the
vіyskovі dictatorship or authoritarian-monarchical regimes. per
economical and political development of the city of the country is possible
go to:
CPSR
Arab-Muslim
region
PSA and Indo-Muslim
region
Asia-Pacific

3 Cultural and civilization regions of the "third world"

1. Asia-Pacific region (Japan, China.
South Korea, Taiwan, W'tnam, Hong Kong, Singapore);
2.Indo-Buddhist-Muslim region (India,
Pakistan);
3. Arab-Muslim region (Blizkiy Skhid,
country Maghribu):
- Lands of "svitsky islam": Turechchina, land
Maghrib and Levant;
- Lands of "pure Islam": Iran, Afghanistan

2. The Asia-Pacific region in the end of the XXth century was transformed into "young tigers"
economics. Price pershu cherga Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapur,
Malaysia, Pivdenna Korea.
Hong Kong

2. The Muslim society is conceited as a snake. persha model
development-svitsky іslam, or vіrnіshe European. characteristic
for Turechchini, Egypt and the low lands of Pivnichnoy Africa.
Turkish fry.

2. Another model of development-tse traditional Islam. Wine characteristic for
Іranu, parts of the Arab lands. In 1979 r try to Europeanize
the land in Iran became a priesthood of the anti-Shakh
The Islamic revolution, having driven the land until the middle of the day.
Reza Shah, Ostniy Shah to Iran from 1941
to 1979 p
Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah
Khomeini.

2. Great successes have reached the naphto-shoe monarchy of Persia
inflows. Otrimani for the sale of naphtha pennies went to the modernization of the cikh
country and polіpshennya beat people, and also allowed to save
absolut-monarchical regimes.
King of Saudi Arabia Abdullah.
Dubai

2. Stronger awareness of the development of the rural parts of Africa. apparently
well-being of the Maghrib and every day of the mainland and name of the name
Central and Tropical Africa. The region is torn apart
vіyny and conflіkti, PAr to be relieved from the remnants of apartheid.
dictator
Johannesburg,
Ugandi
odinidi
the most
Amin. 1971cities
1979 pp.
STEAM.
imperator
demonstration
CAD, against
kanibal
racism
Bokassav I.
1966-1979
STEAM. 70th pp.

Pids bags for the development of the territories of the "third svit"

- The inconsistency of development ("young
tigers "went far ahead);
- parts of financial crises;
- Zovnishniy Borg of African lands;
- hunger, evil. illiteracy;
- parts of changes and changes of ruling regimes

3. Take the general
McCarthur. On the basis of the constitution, the constitution was adopted,
іmperator of foreign countries from management of the region, distribution of economics
reform. Yaksho in the 50th rr. Japan agrarian land, then in 1983 p GDP
improved 24 times.
General MacArthur i
Emperor Khirokhito.

3. Japanese economy is not a miracle. Vіdmova vіd zmіstu
army, innovation technologies, modernization
virobnitstvo transformed the land into an economic giant. also
said and the safety of the family tycoons, the zaibatsu in the economy of the
vіyni, such as Hyundai, Toyota, Mitsubishi and ін.
Mitsubis
Hyundai.
Giganti of the Japanese car industry.

The reasons for the Japanese "economy diva"

- reform of the American payback
- low cost of working power
- doviru banking system
- control over new trade
- exportation
- support of the national virobnik
- loans from the USA
- political stability
- assimilation of new technologies by Japanese science
- Japanese mentality

3. Japan has lost tradition and modernity. could
change the energy on
development of the economy, having reached the point of great success.
TOKIO
Emperor of Japan Akikhito

4. Send to Japan in the territory of China, Radianska army
handed over to NVAK to the Japanese zakhoplena ozbroєnnya. NVAK ocholyuvan
Mao Zedong. Great-scale venerated vіyna mіzh
communists / NVAK / і unit of General Chiang Kai-shek.
Mao Zedong. head
PRC from 1948 to 1976
President China and Taiwan
1925 to 1975 pp.

4.10 October 1947 on a larger scale
communes Chiang Kai-shek from the surplus of the army evacuated to
Taiwan. 1 zhovtnya in Pekin Bula was played by Kitayska HP. So
two to China, the PRC on the mainland of ocholyvaniya by communists,
the other in Taiwan is capitalistic.
President of China and Taiwan from 1925 to 1975

1 jovtnya 1949 boole blown
Chinese People's Republic.

4. "Great MAO", started a copy of the development model and
a country with one extreme in one. for cultural
revolution, collectiveization, accelerated industrialization, little
led the land to hunger.

4. Mao's utopian ideas went as far as idiocy. People drove for yogo
by order of a bunch of "shkidlivih gorobts", then the flies have multiplied, and in
a bag in a leather booth there was a pich for melting the chavun. Pid hour
"Cultural revolution" and cleaning the party apparatus, drive
chervonogvardіtsіv-hunveibіnіv, flooded the land with blood in the name of the Great
Mao.
Pokazova strata by the hunweibins in
China. 60th pp.
Coat of arms and ensign of the PRC

Tananmin Square in
Pekin, entrance to the mausoleum
Great Kermanich
Tilo Mao in the mausoleum

4. Normal reforms began to be carried out without the death of Mao.
At the 3rd polony of the CPC Central Committee in 1978, a decision was taken about reforming
as economist Deng Xiaoping. Having lost the shock therapy, vin zmig
turn China to the market, to save the communist dictatorship.
Taste democracy bully flooded with blood during the twists and turns in 1989
China, lito 1989 r
The author of the Chinese miracle
D. Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping (1978-1989)

4. The reforms have yielded results. Until the ear of the XXI century for deyakim
indicators of China viyshov at svitovі lіderi. cheap chinese
comrade flooded with light. However, great is the difference between life near the place
and villages in the country with populations of 1 billion 200 million chol.
PRC head, Hu
Jintao, z 2002 r
Pekin

5.15 serpnya 1947 r the last visce-king of the Indies was confirmed
Independence of India. For the solutions of the British, India was divided by two
powers beyond the religious acquaintance, Muslims
Pakistan, Indusam-India. All prices are superfluous with money and
hvilyuvannym.
Lord Mautbetten, ostniy
Vice-King of India in 1947
symbols of the Іndії
D.Neru, the first prime minister
Independent India, in 1947-1964 p.

ROZDIL INDIV

5. In 1950, the Indian accepted the constitution. Grow on 25 states,
skasovyatsya principality. English mov old zagalno_indіyskogo,
krіm tsiogo shche 16 мов may the official status in tsіy
miliardnoy in the population of the country. In the possession of the twentieth century. changed one one
family Gandhi and Singkhі.
Indira Gandi, premier-ministr
India in 1966-1977 RR і 1980-1984
pp.
Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister
Pakistan in 1988-1990 і 1993-1996
pp.

5. In India, the army is strong, there are no other coups and revolutions, for
vinyat Khvilyuvan Sikhiv. Uryad I. Gandi in the 60s.
distributed the land to the helpmaker among the villagers,
land legislation. Promise is actively developing,
Prote rivn life to become one of the lowest in Asia.
Slum in front of
Div.

5. Foldable to travel to Pakistan. U 1947-1949, 1965, 1971
pp. mіzh countries yshli wіyni, however, both countries have
nuclear forces, zmusilo їkh made contact with peaceful paths.
Indian missiles aimed at Pakistan

5. Another problem of the land is the stiffness of the caste mode. ¾
the population is brought to the bottom of the caste and to move up to the order.
Tse good soil to extremism.
"Nedorkannі"
brahmani
kshatriya

The skin from the land of Asia of Africa has made its way to the future
having laid down his success. And the history showed whose way appeared naybilsh
away. In general, in the region there is a problem of life, social
rosharuvannya, extremism.
Somalisky pirati
President Iranu,
Mahmoud Ahmadi Nijat

The activity of the robotic class of Africa was brought up to the rocky scene by significant numbers and changes of its warehouse.

Already in advance, in the suburbs of African countries, there is a significant number of enterprises of the same industrial sector, such as the Pivdenno-African Union, Pivnichna and Pivdenna Rhodesia, the Belgian proletarian Congo, African mass.

The growth of industry in the rock of Vinei has caused a greater increase in the number of industrial robots. Ruynuvannya peasantry led to the expansion of the reserve army pratsi.

Bagato of thousands of working bully vikoristani by the belligerent powers for servicing the young vіyskovyh needs in the Belgian Congo, Nigeria, Pivnichnaya and Pivdennaya Rodesia.

Not less serious boules i yakіsnі zmіni We were brought up for an hour in the working class of Africa. The racial discrimination and policy of the "color bar'uru", which was carried out by the colonizers before the war, was called before the African vikorists were the head rank in the rank of chornorob.

Country (old name)	Chastina svitu	Rіk thunderousness of independence	Land-metropolis
1. Korea 2. Vietnam 3. Indonesia 4. Jordan (Transjordan) 5. Lebanon 6. Syria 7. Philippines 8. India 9. Pakistan 10. Myanma (Birma) 11. Israel (Palestine) 12. Shri- Lanka (Ceylon) 13. Laos 14. Libya 15. Cambodia (Kampuchea) 16. Morocco 17. Tunis 18. Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian Sudan) 19. Ghana (Gold Coast) 20. Malaysia 21. Guinea Republic 22. Cote D ¢ Ivoire (Bank of the Elephant City) 23. Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) 24. Gabon 25. Benin (Dahomey) 26. Cameroon 27. Zair (Congo) 28. People's Republic of the Congo 29. Mauritania 30. Mali 31. Madagascar 32. Niger 33. Nigeria 34. Senegal 35. Somalia 36. Togo (Togoland) 37. Central African Republic 38. Chad 39. Cyprus 40. Kuwait 41. Sєrra Leone 42. Tanzania (Taganika) 43. Umenska Arabia 44. Alzhiria Burundi 46. Rwanda 47. Uganda 48. Trinidad and Tobago 49. Jamaica 50. Western Samoa 51. Kenya 52. Zambia (Sivshi. Rhodesia) 53. Malawi (Nyasaland) 54. Malta 55. Maldivska 58. Singapore 56. Singapore Guyana (British Guiana) 59. Bot Svan (Bechuanaland) 60. Lesotho (Basutoland) 61. Barabados 62. People's Democratic Republic of Amen (Aden) 63. Mauritius 64. Nauru 65. Swaziland 66. Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muniv) 67. King Fiji 69. Bahrain 70. Qatar 71. United Arab Emirates (Treaty Oman) 72. Bangladesh (Central Pakistan) 73. Bahamas Dedication 74. Guinea-Bissau 75. Grenada 76. Cape Verde ) 78. Sao Tome and Principe 79. Comoros 80. Papua Nova Guinea 81. Angola 82. Surinam (Guiana Niderlandska) 83. Seychelles 84. Jibuti (French Coast of Somalia) 85. Solomon Islands (86.) va Ellis) 87. Dominica 88. Social security of the Indian Marian Islands 89. Saint Lucia 90. Kiribati (Gilbert Islands) 91. Saint Vincent and Grenadin 92. Zimbabwe 93. Vanuatu Britannica (New Britain Islands) Honduras) 95. Antigua and Barbuda 96. Saint Kitts and Nevis 97. Brunei 98. Micronesia (Carolinian Islands) 99. Republic of the Marshall Islands 100. Community of Western Marian Islands-103. Republic of Palau 104. Central Timor	Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia Africa Asia Africa Africa Africa Africa Asia Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa Asia Asia Africa Africa Asia Africa Africa Africa Africa America America Oceania Africa Africa Africa Europe Asia Africa America Africa Africa America Asia Africa Oceania Africa Africa Oceania Oceania Asia Asia Asia Asia Asia America Africa America Africa Africa Africa Africa Oceania Africa America Africa Africa Oceania Oceania America Oceania America Oceania America Africa Oceania America Africa Oceania Oceania		Japan France Netherlands United Kingdom France France Spain, USA United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom France Italy France France, Spain France Great Britain. and Egypt Great Britain Great Britain France France France France France Nimechchin, enterprises. Belgium France France France France France Great Britain France Great Britain Nimechchina, France, Great Britain France France Great Britain Great Britain Great Britain Nimechchina, enterprises. Velikobritanіya Frantsіya Zittau, Belgіya Zittau, Belgіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Zittau, USA Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Zittau, opіka Velikobritanії, Novіy Zelandії that Avstralії Velikobritanіya Іspanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Velikobritanіya Portugalіya Velikobritanіya Portugalіya Portugalіya Portugalіya France United Kingdom і Nimechchina, Opinion Australia Portugal Netherlands United Kingdom France United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom Nemechchina, Japan, United States United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom enterprises. France Great Britain Great Britain Great Britain Great Britain Nimechchina, Japan, United States opics Nimechchina, Japan, US records Nimechchin, Japan, US records Nimechchin, enterprises., PAR Italy, from 1950r. - in the warehouse of the Ethiopia of Nimechchin, Japan, the United States of America, Indonesia

The lands of Africa for a different kind of life. Africa for another hour of the day

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Another half of the XX century

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Entry

2.1 Egypt

2.2 Livia

3. The edges of Africa for the day

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List of Literature

Entry

1. Ear of wine (Pivnichna Africa)

2. Lands of Africa before the hour Other holy days

2.1 Egypt

2.2 Livia

2.3 Pivnichna Africa 1941-1942. Tobruk i African Corps

3. The edges of Africa for the day

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more documents

Kinets of the Holy Colonial System

Chronology of the rejection of independence

Food 24. Achievement of Independence by Arab Lands: Spilne and Vidminne

Lands that have solicited independence from the Other Holy Day

Lands that have solicited political independence from the Other Holy Day

The era of decolonization

the problem of modernization

3 Cultural and civilization regions of the "third world"

Pids bags for the development of the territories of the "third svit"

The reasons for the Japanese "economy diva"

Deng Xiaoping (1978-1989)