Assessment of anthropometric indicators and physical development of a child

For the assessment of physical development, vikoristovuyu be the head of the rank of anthropometric vimiryuvan(Zrostannya, vaga, razmіri okremikh chastin tila and ін.).

Vimiryuvannya to the growth of children on the first rotsi of life . Vimiryuvannya is vibrated with a special stadiometer near a wide board with a size of 80 cm and a width of 40 cm. On one side of the board, there are pads in centimeters. At її the cob є neruchoma has a transverse bar. In the end of the scale, there is a cross bar, it is easy to read on the centimeter scale.

Legs are guilty of being straightened by light onslaught of the left hand on the knee; right hand to bring the crumbling bar of the height up to the next level.

Become a child with rugged and unruly planks. The accuracy of such vimiryuvan is ± 0.5 cm.

Vimiryuvannya growing up of older children. Vimiryuvannya vibrate with a height meter, which is a wooden board with a height of 2 m 10 cm, a width of 8 - 10 cm and a height of 50x75 cm ) for vimіryuvannya dozhini tіla seated. According to the new kovzak, the plank is 20 cm wide. At the level of 40 cm, from the bottom to the vertical end, the lava is attached to the height of the sedentary.

respect children From the moment of population up to 2-3 rock_v on cup wagons with the maximum allowable weight up to 20 kg (Fig. 23.3). Wagons are stored from a tray and a beam of wagons with two scales of pods: the lower one - in kilograms, the upper one - in hundredth parts of a kilogram. The yoke has a vag є a protivaga. If Terezi is not of the same importance, then carefully turn the puck (microguint) to push it to you, or see yourself, to the showers.

technology well-known: Spotchka zvazhuyut pelushka. Place the baby on the wide part of the tray with his head and shoulder girdle; If you can plant a child, then you can plant it with children on a wide part of the tray, legs - on a university part. Putting the child on the vagi and the knowledge of them is possible only when the legs of the vag are closed, standing up to the scale of the vag. Indicators of vagina are known from that side of the weight, de nachki or virіzki. Let me write down the weights to set to zero, and the set of tereziv - to the zapobizhnik. To make a baby's vagina, it is necessary to show the baby's vagina. Accuracy ± 10 mg.

Head circumference vimіryuyut with a centimeter line, yaku to lead backward through the most visible point of the tidal hillock, and in front - along the above-mentioned arcs (Fig. 23.5).

The size of the great dzhereltsya in infants begins, from the middle of one side to the other, opposite, but not according to diagonals (from Kuta to Kuta).

To adjust the height of the head, set an anthropometer or a special compass, one end of which is placed on the head, and the other one - on the most prominent part of the head.

To characterize the physical development of a child, there is a great value of the estimate of the peculiarities of yogo breast cancer and belly, as well as health care.

The circumference of the breast vimіryuyut in the camp of calm (Figure 23.6). Apply a line backwards under the shoulder blades, and in front - along the navkolosovy gurts. In puberty girls, draw a line in front of the fourth rib. For children of the first fate, spend their lives lying down, and for older children - standing up (hands are lowered, dichannya is calm).

Vimіryuvannya breasts should be carried out at the height of inhalation, in case of repeated vidih ​​and in case of calm dichanna.

For this purpose, the anteroposterior and transverse diameter of the thoracic clitine should be reduced by using a special compass. When the anteroposterior diameter is wide, one leg of the compass is placed at the lower end of the sternum, and the lower end of the sternum, and at the bottom of the spine of the ridge. To determine the transverse diameter of the compass, set the middle groin line on the lower edge of the sternum.

abdominal circumference vimіryuyut on the level of the navel. As long as they live a meaningful improvement, it is important to carry out a striking action in the area of ​​the greatest possible success. The abdominal circumference of a healthy child is guilty of being vimiryuvatisya until the age (of great importance for the assessment of the physical development of a child's belly is not possible). In a sick child, it is also necessary to have a non-recurrent vimir buva if there is a sign of illness, if there are snakes in the abdomen (ascites, puffiness, flatulence, etc.)

dozhinu tuluba Visually start from the spinous outgrowth of the cervical ridge to the tip of the coccygeal cyst. In small children, the vimir tulub should be held in the position on the boat, in the older children - in the position of standing: the centimeter line, when not guilty, is applied to the surface of the back.

Vimiryuvannya kintzivok... Dovzhinu kіntsіvok vimіryuyut anthropometry Martin, and when every day - a snake centimeter line.

I'll give my hands vimіryuyut from the acromion to the end of the third finger; to the end of the shoulder - from the acromion to the top lіktyovoy slope; Dozhinu beforeplіchchyа - from a lіktyovy hillock to the middle of the wrist.

shoulder circumference start on the area of ​​the greatest development of the two-headed meat (upper third of the shoulder). Vimіryuvannya should be carried out two times: the match when the hands are completely lowered and the muscles are weakened, and when the muscles are stressed. To ask the child to lift his hand to the level of the shoulder, and, having zignuvshis in lіkti, it is possible to strain the muscles.

I'll get my legs vimіryuut from the great whirligig stegna to the level of pіdoshvi; dozhinu stegna - from the great spindle to the knee-shaped hillock; to the dinner of the homily - from a colony hillock to the ankle. The circumference of the quilting is approximately at the level of the crotch in the widest part of the quilting; Carry out the vimiryuvalnuyu line horizontally without a middle fold.

the circle of the homily start on litkovy meazah, At the same time, the most obsyagu.

23.2. Assessment of physical development of children Rіznogo vіku.

Physical development of a child All-time organization of health protection (OOH) is a general indicator of health status in a child and population, and indicators of physical development of children early vik as a criterion for assessing the social and economic development of the surrounding region, land. Monitoring of the physical development of children in the early period of the United Nations Educational Institution of Public Health is introduced by one of the most effective visits, which are provided by medical practitioners to reduce the level of mortality and illness in children of the early age. Assessment of physical development of a child up to 3 rocks held at the "Norm Growth" workshop, which was broken up by WHO in 2006 and was recommended, as an international standard for physical development of children in all countries, independently of ethnic affiliation, social and economic status and type. Dani norms (standards) of physical development of children of the early age are required to be victorious:

For medical practitioners: as an effective tool for screening assessment of the physical development of children of the early age for the timely detection of newcomers according to the norms and incapacity, consultation of fathers, and the situation in different types of consumption

Organizers of health protection: as a tool for organizing the need for the development of state and regional programs, direct to the implementation of the child's right to normal physical development, support thoracic treatment, Ensuring rational consumption, increasing availability and quality medical aid to children and mothers;

Fathers: as a tool, which allows seven at once with the medical practitioners, it is more effective to monitor the physical development of the child, the importance and the need to display additional medical recommendations on the basis of the best available

Assessment of physical development is carried out with skin ligamentous medical prophylactic examination of the child. As a medical nurse, to become an anthropometric vimiruvannya (well-being, vimiryuvannya dozhini / growth and circumference of the head). Otrimanі danі is applied to the general graphs of physical development, as it is remembered okremo for lads and children. It is possible to start the trend of physical development of the child in the singing period of an hour and to identify the problem of physical development. It is also necessary to pay respect to the dynamics of performances for the period of watching over the child.

Assessment of physical development of senior children It can also be carried out at the presentation of the results of anthropometric measurements, as well as on the basis of individual indicators of children with the normative ones. For a wide variety of vicarious methods, the method of organizational design is based on empirical formulas and the method of anthropometric standards. The method of organizational design based on empirical formulas is based on the knowledge of the basic laws of growth and growth, head and breast cancer. Slide to mean that this method will further bring closer the picture of the physical development of a child and rather victoriously by pediatricians.

The method of anthropometric standards is accurate, the estimates of individual anthropometric values ​​are to be compared with the normative ones up to and including the status of the child. Check regional tables of standards of two types: sigmal (parametric) and central (nonparametric).

Sigmal standard method... the essence given method polyaga in the context of the skin recognition with the average (standard) data, broken down on the basis of the mass anthropometric conditions of the children of the child. The results of the introduction of anthropometric data with the standard allow the assessment of skin signs of okremo.

With a hundred shortcomings given to the method, those who are dermal signs are estimated okremo, without interconnection with other indicators.

Method of central standards... The essence of the method of polarity is in the offensive one: all the results in the form of the same sign of growth in the visceral gradation in the view of the ordered row. The whole range of ordering is a row, which will cover the entire range of the number of signs, to be divided into 100 intervals. Getting into them may be equal to the same range of values, ale ranges of such central intervals in absolute terms are not identical. The central tendency of the ordered series of є fifty centiles is median. Name for the characteristics of the rospelling can not produce all 100, but deprived of 7 fixed centiles: 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th.

Intervals between central possibilities are called central intervals (corridors). The whole method is not mathematical, and that is more beautifully characterizing the variability of the series in biology and seedlings in medicine. Winning to endure the simplicity of the vicarians, not the vicarious ones, in the world, allowing the assessment of interconnections between the different anthropometric indicators, and the fact that they are widely victorious in the light. In the overwhelming majority of the types of growth at the standard rates of growth, the growth of strength and development / growth is indicative of the deterioration in the country of health and the analysis of the situation in relation to the stagnant conditions of growth.

Control food

1. Anthropometric evaluation and special features of the conduct of the children of the child.

2. Features of the assessment of the physical development of children in the development of a child.

Methods for conducting anthropometric measurements in children of a healthy age

MINISTRY OF HEALTH PROTECTION UKRAINI

NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

imeni O.O. THE BOGOMOLTSIA

METHODOLOGICAL VKAZIVKI

FOR SELF-ROBOT STUDENTS

WHEN PREPARED TO PRACTICAL (seminars) EMPLOYMENT

1. Relevance by those:

Rivn physical development in childishє one of the active indicators will become healthy. Physical development is a labial indicator, which is easy to change against the incessant, unfriendly bureaucrats, especially the minds of the middle class. Yak sukupnist sign, which characterize the health of the body in the new stages, the level of physical development, one of the most important indicators of the social health of the population. Therefore, the assessment of the level of physical development of a child is an unrecognizable element of control over the health of the child and the loan is an important place in the practical activity of a pediatrician.

2. Specific goals:

• Demonstrate the order in case of koristuvanna different species adjusting for vimiruvannya masi.
• ovolodіty with cuddles and the technology of carrying out somatometry: vimіryuvannya masi, growth and circumference of the head and breast clerk of the child;
• klasifіkuvati attach for vimіryuvannya dozhini tila children of the Rizny Vіku
• memorize the updated documentation for the appearance of the masi, the growth and the circumference of the head and the breast of the child;

3. Basic training course.

By starting the laws of change in proportions of body in children of a healthy lifestyle

2. Latin language Use Latin-based terminology 3. Normal Physiology

4. Zavdannya for independent robots from the hour of preparation to busy.

4.1. An organizational card for independent robots over basic literature during preparation to practical employment

- individual development of the body 2. Anthropometry- the prevalence of methods and receptions for the purpose 3. Zrostomir- an attachment for vimіryuvannya dozhini tila.

4.2. Theoretical meals before busy:

1. The designation of the understanding "physical development".

2. You will see the attachments for vimiruvannya masi tila and dozhini tila.

3. Technique of carrying out somatometry: vimiruvannya massi, growth and circumference of the head and breast tissue of the child.

4. Storing graphs for assessing the physical development of a child: masi tila to viku; Spіvvіdnoshennya dozhini tіla to masі tіla, viznachennya ІМТ (index masi tila).

4.3. practical robots(Zavdannya), how to get busy

1.Volodytiyu technology respected children in children up to 1 rock and older than 1 rock.

2. Ovolodіti technіkoyu vimіryuvannya dіzhiny tіla children іznіnі vіku.

3.Volodyty technology to change the circumference of the head and breast;

4. Ovolodіti technіkіyu zapovnennya graphіkіv for assessment of physical development.

Zm_st those: The physical development of a child All-time organization of health protection is the starting point for the health of the child and the population, and the indicators of the physical development of early children are the criterion for assessing the regional social development. Monitoring of the physical development of early childhood children of the OOH is involved in one of the most effective visits, as a result of the reduction of the mortality rate and incapacity of early life children.

Physical development- the dynamic process of growth (improvement of the age and mass of life, around the parts of the child) and the biological maturation of the child in the development period, the most important criterion for assessing the future of health and early development

The physical development of children is the process of changing the morphological and functional powers of the body, as well as their countries in the development of the period, which is the reason for the reserve of physical strength, vitality and propriety. The pace of physical development on the cutaneous stage of ontogenesis is based on individual features, social factors, and the region of living is too small.

anthropometry– Supremacy of methods and receptions of vimiryuvannya, I will describe the human body in its entirety and its surroundings. Vaughn allows you to give a complete description and assessment of the physical development of people.

Anthropometric assessment is still widely used in medicine. One of the first procedures to be seen for the folk of the new child is the whole anthropometric dosage. I best serious illness it is often diagnosed itself when negative anthropometric changes are established. Tsim is pondered with respect to anthropometry not only from medical workers, And the population of the wide verse.

Masa tila nemovlyati. From the moment of the people up to three times to spend on the cup wagons, the time of day is spent for children.

technology well-known: Spotschatka zvazhutsya pelushka. Vaughn is put so that the edge of the pellet does not hang from the tray. Ditina lay down on the wide part of the tray with her head and shoulder girdle, with slickers - on the vuzka part of the tray. Ditina can be placed either on a wide part of the tray, or on a vuzka part. The indicated weight is known from the other side of the weight, de є nachki, the lower weight needs to be changed only in the obvious on the lower scale of the nest. If you write down the weight, the weight is set to zero. To make a wagi child, it is necessary to show a wagi virahuvati wagu pelushka.

value Masi tila senior children to carry out vrantsi natchesertse on special medical cars with an accuracy of up to 50 grams. In the middle of the area, there is an extra-large vagina in front of the stretched baby. The shown vagina is so, as if well-known children of the early age.

The average weight of lads in populations becomes 3200 - 3400g, and for women less - 3100-3300 r. Masa tila premature babies become 2500 g and lower. With a stretch of the first days, the life of the new-born masa will decrease by 150-300 g (transient ( physiological) decline in mass) І to become close to 5 - 9% of the mass in the population. The change is lower by 10% (up to 300 g), to be used as a pathological second mass. The physiological decline in mass was overwhelmed by the onset factors:

- viparovannya vologue from shkіri and when dikhanna;

- mumification of the umbilical cord surplus;

- lack of food and drink in the first days of life;

- blotting in cold waters, plodded before the hour of flatness;

- tolerable hunger;

- to meconium, sich.

Renovation of cob oil in newborns has two options:

І. Ideal (or Buden's type): the consumption of mass up to 3-4 days and the renewal of the cob until 7-10 days of life (25% of the new population).

II. Common type (type of Piss): consumption of oil for 3-4 days with a minimum of 3 days and for general updates on cob up to 12-15 days (in 70-75% of children).

DOVZHINA TILA. From the bottom up to the size of the baby from nig to the head when lying in the position, horizontally. Vertical vimir ts'go zmiru, standing zvetsya zrostannya. Dovzhina was the singing world of the image of the growth of the organism.

Dovzhinu tila at the children of the first rock life in the position of lying behind a special height at the viglyadі of the board with a centimeter scale. The head of the child is guilty of lying down to the untidy level of the height. The head is fixed so that the lower edge of the ear canal and the upper edge of the last auditory canal were on the same level. The legs of the child are straightened by light onslaught on the knees. The crumbling bar of growth is scrupulously kept up to the babies. Become a rugged and unruly planks to make a child grow up. The accuracy is estimated to be ± 0.5 cm.

If a child is less than 2 years old and there is no opportunity to change the growth of a child, in the position of lying down, in such a way, the growth of growth is carried out in the vertical position, and until the result of the reduction, it is necessary to add 0.7 cm.

Have older children viku zrostannya vimіryuєtsya behind the additional vertical height with a sliding stool. Before the child's vim_ryuvannyam, it is necessary to take a swell. Ditina stand on the maidan with her back to the scale. The scale is worthy of the scale, between the patches and the little ones. Dytina is guilty of standing upright, she lives under tension, five at a time, her socks are mischievous. The head is fixed in the same rank - the lower edge of the ear canal and the upper edge of the ear canal were located at the same level. The ruchoma plank is fixed to the upper point of the head without pressure. The growth of children from 1 to 3 years is carried out by the same height meter only from the top of the wall to increase the growth of the sedentary. To carry out the indicators of the growth rate according to the scale.

Circumference of the head and breast vimіryuyut behind additional centimeter lines.

For viznachennya head circumference impose a centimeter line backwards along the most prominent points of the line, in front - along the above-mentioned arcs. An ear of a centimeter line is maє buti in liviy rutsi. It’s not easy to pull the hour before it’s stretched.

vimiryuvannya chest circumference to spend with the nymovlyat in the position of the bed, for the older children - in the position of the standing position. Ditina is guilty of being in peace, hands down. An ear of a centimeter line is found in livi rutsi zbok pakhvi. Behind the line is carried out along the bottom edge of the areola. Have girls with rozvinenny pectorals In the front, the line is carried out along the fourth rib above the thoracic valleys in the transition of the breast from the breast tissue to the zalose.

The circumference of the head of the newborn should be 34-36 cm. The circumference of the breast of the newborn should be 33 - 35 cm. In children up to 3 months of age, the indicators of the circumference of the head change the indicators of the circumference of the breast. In the last 3 months, the indicators are getting worse and by stretching the living life, they are overtaking the indicators of the circumference of the chest wall.

The results are entered before the latest graphs. There is also a possibility to start the trend of physical development of a child for a period of an hour and to identify the problem of physical development. In the overwhelming majority of the child's health and growth at the standard rates, the growth of the child's health and growth

Physical development graphs

The dermal child is guilty of her own graph, so that the assessment of the physical development and the results are adequately medically guarded.

For females and lads of the graphic design of physical development and for handiness, we can use mothers of different colors. It is important to vikoristovuvati graph of the physical development of a child for a general status, some boys and girls develop in a rational way.

On the skin graph of the seat curves. Curves, on the graph of the physical development of the child, add to the interpretation of the indicators of the physical development of the child.

The line, designated 0 on the skin graph, by the median, represents the mean value. The Іnshі lines vіznachіyut standartіvіdnіlnyya, which will lead to the visibility of the indicator of physical development in accordance with the standard.

Lines of standard views (CO) on the graph of physical development of the child may be positive (1, 2, 3) or negative (M1, M2, M3) values.

Graph dovzhina tila / zrist / vik

The standard indicator of growth or growth is always seen in the child's life. Dovzhina tila v horizontal position babies (lying down) grow up in children from 0-2 years old, grow up in an upright position of a child (standing) from children from 2-5 years old. The value of the indicator for a given age / growth for a given vik will show, for a given vik, I will add a child for a given vik for the moment I look around. This is an indicator of additional help to help children to grow up and to be very strong for their own age. A high growth rate is a problem, behind a vignette of endocrine disruptions.

On the graph, on the horizontal axis, the value of vik is displayed, and on the vertical axis - the value of increase / growth in centimeters. Vіk children viznachatsya in the main cities of the people up to 3 months; in the next months - from 3 to 12 months; і in the main rock and in the months - nadal.

In order to apply the value of a certain amount / growth for a given vik, follow:

1) On the horizontal axis of the outward direction, the values ​​of the higher tendencies, months and times and months. Place the points of value on the vertical lines (and not between the vertical lines). For example, when children are 5.5 months, the value is applied to the mark for 5 months (and not between 5 and 6 months).

2) On the vertical axis of the direction of power, the value of the body / height. The points of value should be placed on either side of the horizontal lines. For example, if the child should become 60.5 cm, apply the value to the clinker with horizontal lines.

3) Writing points for the results of two or more glances, it is necessary to draw points in a straight line in order to create a curve and beat a dynamo.

4) Reverse the correct placement of the points on the graph, and, if necessary, repeat the anthropometric measurements. For example, the child is not guilty of being less guilty, but the meaning of the child is not as important when looking around in front of you. In general, one of the messages was wrong. This requires a clear understanding of the methods of anthropometry.

Graph of masa tila / vik

The value of the oil for the given vik

In order to apply the value of the oil for the given slip:

On the horizontal axis of the outward direction, the value is in the upper regions, in the months and in the months. Dots and values ​​should be placed on vertical lines (but not between vertical lines).

On the vertical axis of power, the value of the body. Dots and values ​​should be placed on a horizontal line.

Writing points for the results of two, or more, looking around, taking a straight line, so that you can get a curve and beat the dynamism.

Schedule of spіvdnoshennya masa tila / dovzhina tila / zrist / vik

The graph of the age of maturity until the end of the day / growing up of additional help for children with a very low weight and of children from the high age of maturity until the end of life / growing up, as you can see

On the whole graph, on the horizontal axis, the value of the child is displayed, or the height in centimeters, and on the horizontal axis - the mass in kilograms.

In order to put on the graph the value of the maturity until the end of the day / growth of the slid:

On the horizontal axis of the outward direction, the value is even greater than growth. Place the points of meaning on the vertical line. It is necessary to round the value to the nearest whole centimeter.

Apply the value on the vertical axis. Place the dots of value on any of the horizontal lines.

Writing indications of spiwdnoshennya massi tila to increase til / growth in two or more glances, from'ednati points in a straight line, sobuduvaty curve and pachiti dynamiku.

Graphic index of mass tila / viku

The index of mass (IMT) is used for screening for overworld and obesity.

As a rule, the ІМТ graph for a given vik shows the results, similar to the results of the graph of the communication of masi to the level of growth / development of the child.

On the whole graph on the horizontal axis, the meanings are displayed in the upper regions, in the months, in the rocks and in the months.

IMT is placed on the vertical axis.

The index of weight is based on the formula: the value of weight for growth in a square (kg / m 2). The zrostannya indicator must be converted into metric. Round up the result to ten.

In order to put on the graph the indicator of the index of masi tila child for a given vik, next:

On the horizontal axis of the outward direction, the value is in the upper regions, in the months and in the months. Place the points of value on the vertical lines (and not between the vertical lines). On the vertical axis of power, the IMT value. Place the points of meaning on the horizontal line or between the lines.

Pislya plotted points for the results of two, or more, looking around from the straight line, so that the curve is curved and the dynamo is played.

Materials for self-control:

1. Food for self-control:

1. For what parameters is the assessment of physical development carried out?
2. What is the "physical development" of the child?
3. What kind of anthropometry?
4. Technique of vimiryuvannya masi tila, dovzhini tila and keel heads and breast cells.
5. Yaka middle masa tila novonarodzhenoi ditini?
6. What is the "physiological decline of the mass"?
7. Health indicators in head circumference and breast cancer
8. Graphs of physical development. Meta їх vedennya. Zapovnennya rules.

2. Test for self-control

1.Weighing the child, when appropriate to the stationary, should be carried out using the following method:

A. At the time of the appointment of the hospital. B. In the same dose, signs of liquor.

C. Type of food. D. constitutional type of child.

E. Chi is properly organized food at home.

2. The average weight of a new-born boy to become (in grams):

A. 3000 - 3100 B. 3100-3200 C. 3200-3400 D. 3400-3600 E. 3600-3900

3. Introduce masu, yak on premature babies (in grams):

A. 3000 B. 2900 C. 2800 D. 2600 E. 2400

4. Imagine on any day of life to renew the masa tila at the new child of the ideal type update:

A. 2-3 B. 3-4 C. 4-5 D. 6-7 E. 7-10

5. Provide all correct indications:

The main reasons for the physiological loss of the power of the newborn:

A. Hyperaldesteronism

B. Formation of lactation in the mother.

C. Vrata vodu through shkіra і legenі at dikhanna

D. Mumification of the umbilical cord

E. Seeing Mecon and Sech.

6. Physical development - tse:

A. Dynamic process of growth

V. Biological maturity of a child in the period of childhood.

C. Dynamical process of growth (increase in age, masi tila, additional parts of tila and іn.) І biological maturation of a child in the development period

D. Outcomes anthropometric indicators.

E. The meaning of the child's biological life.

1. Respected newborn children in hospitals to spend:

A. Pislya skin year. V. Vrantsi and in the evenings. S. 1 time for doba at any hour.

D. Once every 3 days. E. 1 time per day.

1. Pour into the physical development:

A. Biological factors. V. Social factors.

S. Biological and social officials. D. Political factors.

E. Everyone is outraged.

1. A full-term newborn child has a head circumference and a breast bone circumference:

A. Odnakovі. B. Approximately the same.

C. Perevazhaє head circumference. D. Perevazhaє circumference of the breast.

10. To the main parameters of physical development, include:

A. Masu tila, dovzhinu tila, frequency of movement, frequency of heart rate, circumference of the chest wall.

V. Masu tila, dovzhinu tila, the circumference of the breast and the circumference of the head.

S. Zhiznennuyu umnіst of legends, masu tila, dozhinu tila.

D. Frequency of dichannia, frequency of heart rate, circumference of breast tissue.

E. Masu tila, dozhinu tila, frequency of dichannia, frequency of heart rate

ETALONI VIDPOVIDEY:

Zavdannya for self-control:

1. At the reception of a child hospital, the child received 6 months with a diagnosis of bronchitis. medical nurse it is necessary to carry out anthropometric measurements. Begin the last day of the day.

2. Near the canopy booth of the mother of the New Nation dyvchinka, who was born with masoyu tila 3150 g, on the 3rd day of life I knew that the masa tila ditini became 2950 r Mom was sturbovan. Please explain to the mother of the child

Etalonie of views:

1. Po-perche, vstanovimo masu tila ditini: on the tray the vag is dockable, the child vikladaєmo on the vagi with the head on the wide part of the tray. By and large, the meaning of the baby is at once with the pelush, for which the bulk of the pel is needed to be seen.

In a different way, the child's head will be smashed to the child's head: the child is viciously on the height of the child, the head of the child is scrupulously pressed to the untidy bar of the height. The head fiksuєmo so, the lower edge of the ochnytsi and the upper edge of the last auditory canal were located on the same level. We straighten the legs of the child with light pressure on the knees. The crumbling bar of growth is shilno prіzhіmaєmo until p'yat babies. Become a rugged and unruly planks to make a child grow up.

2. The decrease in the weight of the child by 200 g (6%) є physiological and increased by the advancing factors: mumіfіkatsіya umbilical cord surplus; lack of food and drink in the first days of life; blues in the midst of the waters, poured out before the hour of flatness; to tolerable hunger; to mekonii, sich.

Basic literature:

1. V.G. Maidannik, V.G. Burlai. Your ditina (look that vikhovannya). - Kiev 2004.-298 p.
2. Workshop on pediatrics of propaedeutics with a watchful eye for children. - Kiev 2002. Knowledge of Ukraine. Maidannik V.G., Duka K.D., Burlai V.G.

3. T.V. Capitan Propedeutics of childish ailments with close eye to children. - Vinnytsia. - 2006.

4 A. N. Buraya, I. A. Golovko, V. S. Tikhomirova / practical to take to look after the healthy and sick child. - Moscow. - 1 982.

5. Mazurin A.V., Zaprudne A.M., Grigor'ev K.I. / Looking beyond the children. - "Medicine" Moscow - 1 998

6.A.V. Tokar, V.I. Jemile and ін. / Dovidnik for medical nurses - Kiev 2002

7.S.P. Vinnikova, I. M. Digalo and ін. / Practical tips for a pediatric nurse - Rostov-on-don "Fenix" 2002.

Dodatkova Literature:

1. R.V. Tonkova-Yampilska. T.Ya. Chertok, I.N. Alferova / Fundamentals of medical knowledge. - Moscow. - one thousand nine hundred and fifty-one
2. Grebeniv A.L., Sheptulin A.A., Khokhlov A.M. The basics of the out-of-the-box look for ailments. - M: Medicine, 1999 ..
3. P.G. Zhuchenko, N.S. Pushkar, I.A. Sitnik / Antenatal protection of the fetus that looks after the new population. - Kiev. one thousand nine hundred and fifty three
   1. Fundamentals of medical knowledge and methods of treatment according to Devidson / per. from English At 2 T. -Kiyiv: "Kobza",

The assessment of anthropometric indicators is based on ANTHROPOSCOPY (somatoscopy), as the transfer of the degree of variation of descriptive signs (racial, constitutional, specific features, ridge shape, breast tissue, fatty tissue, ) і, in a large world, on anthropometry (anthropos - lyudina, metreo - vimіryuvati) - by the same method and taking into account the morphological features of human body All anthropometric indicators of the breast can be divided into two groups: heads) and additional (these are anthropometric indicators, for example, even legs, head height, etc.). The analysis of the main anthropometric indicators at the time of the improvement gives the ability to assess the physical standard of a child, in dynamism - the pace of physical development. Additional anthropometric indicators can be victorious as indicators of biological maturity (indicators of proportions), for example, indicators will become a child’s hunger (for example, Chulitskaya’s index). A number of anthroposcopic indicators (assessment of the range of the ridge, breast tissue, etc.) At the end of the report, the methodology anthropometric dosageі methods of assessing physical fitness and development of a child.

anthropometric dosage

Anthropometric dosage generally includes the vimir of the main anthropometric indicators (height, mass, chest cell circumference and head). In a number of vypadkiv (more accurate assessment of the age of the child, the value of biological maturity for anthropometric data), vikorystvuyutsya vimir and additional anthropometric indicators. Nibbles often appear in the circumference of the shoulder, quilting, homosexual, even legs, head and upper individuals. Likewise, it is important to carry out the "philippines test" and the value of the middle point of the body.

Vimiryuvannya dozhini tila for children of the first rock life is carried out with the help of a special height at the viglyadі of a dough of 80 cm, 40 cm wide.

A centimeter scale is applied on the yogo boat, the cross bar is loose.

The child is laid on the height on his back so that the top of the child will lie down to the untidy transverse bar of the height. The mother-in-law ficks the head of the child in the position, at which the end of the head and the tragus of the whale is located in the same vertical area. Light onslaught on the knees straighten the legs and gradually push up the height bar.

Build between rugged and untidy planks to show the child's life.

Vimiryuvannya dozhini tila children older than 3 years play for an additional height with a folding stool

for a rudimentary anthropometry. On the vertical style of height, 2 scales are applied: one (right-handed) - for increasing the height of standing, іnsha (zliv) - for increasing the height of the body (dozhini tila sitting). Ditin put his feet on the maidan of the height with his back to the scale. He was guilty of being straightened, his arms were lowered, his legs were straightened in the knees, and he was completely ruined. With the correct setting, the child of five, sidnitsa, the interscapular region, and due to the fact that the vertical stays of the height are due to stasis. The head stands in position, at which the last edge of the eye and the upper edge of the tragus of the whale is located in the same horizontal area. The ruchoma plank is brought to the head without pressure:

Vimiryuvannya dozhini tila standing

Vimіryuvannya up to the age of children from 1 to 3 rocks is carried out by the same height meter, according to the same rules, only the child is placed not on the lower platform, but on the ledge bench, and in the lead up to the scale of evil.

One hour, from the front of the body, it is possible to change the height of the head, the height of the upper part of the face (upper person), the weight of the leg, and the position of the middle point of the body, the reduction of the upper and lower segments of the body.

The height of the head starts at the top of the head, and perpendicular to the scale of the height from the most visible part of the board:

Raising points for vimiruvannya hanging of the head and the upper part of the face

The upper part of the denunciation starts with a tumbling bar, as it reaches the top of the head, and perpendicular, we draw up to the scale of the height from the nasal point (front of the nose). The position of the head when the head hangs and the upper part is guilty of being the same as when the growth is reduced.

For the purpose of making your legs look like a centimeter line, you can see from the great spindle the stiffness of the foot. The method of vimіryuvannya dozhini legs is given to the offensive little one:

Raising the points for vimiruvannya until the leg of the lower segment

When twisting the palpation point of the trochanteric point of the child in front of the vimir, the spine should bend the leg into the tazostegnous joint.

To mark the middle point of the child's mind, the child will continue to work, and the result should be designed for the middle line of the child. The middle point of the body (on the navel, between the navel and the symphysis, on the symphysis, below the symphysis) and go up to the navel. The lower segment changes from the upper edge of the symphysis (pubic point) until the foot falls asleep along the middle line. The upper segment appears as a difference between the two and the lower segment.

For children up to 3 rockets, it is carried out on cup wagons with a maximum weight of up to 25 kg (accuracy of measurement - 10 g), which are stored from a tray and rocker bars with two depth scales: the lower one - in kilograms, grams. Before the cob zvazhuvannya vr_vnovazhuyut. Then, with the yoke closed, on the wagy and earlier, the pelush was tied up with the stretched child in such a rank, so that his head and shoulder girdle were put on the widest part of the tray, and the legs - on the university. If the lower weight is well-known, it is the name of the masu tila in kilograms, it is guilty of revenge only on the scale of virizka (incisors). When the weight is displayed, the child is curved, the children know the result and read the result (for the display of the weight, it is necessary to take the bread of the pellet).

We will stay for an hour to broadly play the electronic wagons, as a sign of goodbye to the respected.

When children are older than 3 years of age, they spend their time at the heart of the disease, but also for the occasional loss and defecation. In most medical patients, it is established that vagi are important in the Fairbanks type (the accuracy is 50 g). While the child is in the middle of the maidan vag with the rocker closed, she is guilty of standing in the middle of the maidan vag. For more tactics, keeping records of the results in the description of the food.

Vimіryuvannya kіl carry out centimeter lines from the victorian line. It is necessary to stitch, but the stitching will lie down to soft fabrics, And the result is zchituvannya before ochima doslіdzhu.

for head circumference put a centimeter line behind the backward humps:

In front of the centimeter line, the line is drawn along the edge arcs:

at in the circumference of the breasts Apply a vimiruvalny line backwards with the lower kutami of the shoulder blades when bringing the hands to the side. Then lower your hands and hold the line forward to the point of attaching the IV rib to the sternum:

For girls of pubertal age, with good milky vines, a line is placed over the zalose in the transition of the shkiri from the breast to the zalose.

The circumference of the quilted in the supine position with the weakened muscles of the leg "under the sidnichnoy fold, perpendicular to the stigma brush:

The surroundings of the homily also in the supine position when the muscles of the leg are relaxed in the area of ​​the greatest development of the cast meat:

To keep an eye on the proportions of wood that are changing in the process of growth, and for the growth of dough, for the first time, it’s the best to quilt in the period of the first vitiaguvannya, to stagnate “phyloppin’s dough.” For yogo vikonannya you need the child's hand with the vertical position of the head, transversely applied through the middle of the time. The hand and the hand lie down to the head. positive test(If the fingers of the fingers reach the protolezhny vuh), the end of the period of the first vityaguvannya (6-7 years old).

Zliva test is positive, right-handed person is negative.

Indicators of maturity of a newborn

Masa tila and growth are important indicators of the maturity of a newborn. Average indicators of weight vary from 3100 to 3800 g for boys from 2970 to 3700 - for women. Dani growth: 50-53 - for lads and 49- 52 - for girls. It is accepted to respect that if the new population is 45 cm less, then it is due to prematurity. The proportions of the body of the new-born child are also of special features - the head and the short legs are quite large. Nucleus cysts in the newborn in the p'yatkovo, nadp'yatkovoi, cuboid cysts and proximal dilations of the great cyst, distal to the stegnous cyst.

Breastfeeding period to repair from the beginning of the first month of life and until the end of the first fate of life. Growing up a child in a whole hour walked along the old traktorії, or lay it down from the statics and wikis. From the day of the people up to 6 months, the lads go up to 17 cm, the woman - by 16. From the 6th month of the life of the children, both articles go up to about 8 cm. until the end of the first fate of life. The circumference of the head of the build-up is shvidshe for everything in vіtsі up to 1 rock. Vona increase in the first ric of 12 cm. Tse є in the form of growth of the brain, which is from 375 g with a populist reach of 925 to 1 fate of life. Virivnuvannya of the circumference of the head with the circumference of the chest wall is infused with the boys and girls on the 3rd month of life.

Early child and preschool age

From 1 to 2 years old, children grow up to 11 cm, lads - by 10.I boys and children from 2 to 5 years grow up 6 cm in size, from 5 years to the ear of intensive growth in puberty become 5 cm in pik. From 1 to 2 years, the growth rate is not guilty of changing 13 cm in size. In vіtsі mіzh 2 і 5 rocks, the upper part is normal to the growth of the drop up to 8 cm in rіk.

pubertal vik

The absolute value of the increase in the amount of growth per hour per hour of prepubertal growth in lads is 47-48 cm, in females - 36-38 cm. lower kintzivok... Between 14 and 15 feet, the legs stop growing, and the height of the growth for a tulub is insistent. Among the girls, specialties are estimated at 8.5 and 11-12 years. In the Danish hour grows up in more early terms, now in the past. The increase in growth among lads is carried up to 17.5 years, among women - 16. In the postnatal period, the endocrine regulation of the growth of the swelling is of great importance. Hormones, such as growth, є somatotropic hormone, hypophysis, hormones thyroid glandі insulin. The infusion of hormones into the hypophysis is not very useful for growing children up to 2-3 years, and especially in 7 11 years. Stimulation of the body with thyroxine will be available in 5 years, and then in prepubertal and pubertal periods. Androgens, who live in puberty, grow up m'yazovoy fabric, Growth of cysts, growth in the postpubertal period.

anthropometric dosage generally includes the size of the main indicators: growth, body mass, chest circumference and head and other anthropometric indicators (shoulder circumference, quilting, leg, head, midpoint of body size).

Vimiryuvannya zrostannya

Vimiryuvannya dozhini tila in children of the 1st fate of life is carried out with the help of a special growth. The child is laid on the height on his back, so that the top of the child will lie down to the unruly surface of the height. The head is fixed in such a way, that both the tragus and the tragus were in the same vertical area, with a light vice on the knee they straighten the legs, push the bar of the height. Children over 3 years of age move vertically behind the additional height. Ditin put his feet on the maidan of the height with his back to the scale. Five, s_dnitsi, interscapular region and due to the fact that the vertical stays of the height are caused by the blame. The ruchoma plank is pivot to the head without pressure.

Head hang

We start with a tumbling bar, as we reach the top of the head, and perpendicular, draw up to the height scale from the most visible part of the podboriddya.

The upper part of the denouncement

It will start at the top of the head, and perpendicular to the scale of the height at the bottom of the nose point.

Viznachennya dozhini feet: to see the great twirl of the foot board.

Viznachennya masi tila children

Viznachennya massi tila in vіtsі 3 rokіv is carried out on a cup or electric wagons with a maximum weight of up to 25 kg. When children are older than 3 years of age, they spend a lot of money on their heart, in the main, they are very important. Vimіryuvannya kіl heads, breasts to conduct a centimeter line. When the circumference of the head is varied, a centimeter line should be placed backwards on the humps, in front - along the edge arcs. When the circumference of the breasts is vimiruvanny, apply a backward line with the lower kuta of the shoulder blades when the hands are brought in to the side, and the frontal line is carried out to the point of attaching the IV rib. For girls of puberty, a line should be placed over the milky zone at the time of the transition of the school from the breast cell to the zone.

shoulder circumference

The line is applied on the border of the upper and middle third of the shoulder perpendicular to the shoulder brush.

circumference of the quilt

Vimіryua in the position of the bed, or lay on the side of the sidnichnoy fold, perpendicular to the stegovy brush.

the circle of the homily

We are going to be in the area of ​​the greatest development of the cast meat.

Methods for assessing physical development

development:

1) method of indexes of physical development;

2) the method of empirical formulas;

3) parametric method;

4) nonparametric (centile) method.

Zrostannya Pislya Narodzhennya.

Empirical formulas of development

The method of empirical formulas є forgive and most often vicarious. Wine is simple and easy. Incompletely yogo є malady, which grows up when anthropometric indicators are seen from the right ones. When assessing the level, the sign of the middle is to be met, as it does not overlap with one specific interval. The sign is clearly not a sign of a vik, as it is three vikovyh periods. In the interval, the number of values ​​of signs from one to three different intervals is possible as average indicators, as well as near the norm, but it is clearly pathological, but in the process of learning the most active ones.