CLINICH. terminology

Good afternoon! You can learn this year from Latin language, for whom you need a drug in any land, and you will also try to learn a few important Latin terms.

Otzhe, Latin language. Honestly, it should be better for me to read it for a number of reasons:

• On couples with the subject of the opening, the view, however, I am hitching up to the mysterious ancient knowledge. Tse zrozumilo, aje mova yde about mova, which was spoken by the great politicians of antiquity;
• you will read the Latin language itself. That’s a good knowledge of Latin to learn the anatomy for you with awkward help;
• Latin terms (especially medical) sound even more cool;
• Until the moment of living the term in Latin in the course of the conversation, or additional redovno, I will cast on your erudition. Maybe it’s not like that, but I’ve got the same kind of hostility.

What is Latin language for? Doctors need one in order to be smart, as they speak in different languages, once they were able to get one of the same intelligence. Well, it’s hard to understand anatomy without Latin. Biologists, chemists and pharmacists need wine through the admission office terminology, Yaka is signified to lay down the classification lykarsky zasobiv, View tvarin i ін.

Clinical terminology will also be used in Latin language. For example, if the name of some sort of lexicon ends in "in", we can with a high degree of immobility allowance, which is more about antibiotics - amoxicilin, ciprofloxacin. If the name of the ailment is sufix "Oma", then it seems crazy, about the chubby - hemengiOMA, sarcoma, lipoma. Well, the presence of the suffix "it" is a price tag. For example, stomatitis, bronchitis, colitis.

Vivchennya Latin language for physicians has its own specifics. After completing the course in the medical university, you probably won't be able to talk in Latin with your friend on the phone. You also, shvidshe for everything, you can’t easily take on a new vivchion with my in your arsenal phrases on kshtalt “I want a comic lover to all Marvel, ale director Zak Snyder is really good, as I love all Superman films about ". Everything you need from a subject - in mind and name according to memory anatomical terms, Diagnosis of ailments, as well as vmіti vipisuvati recipes in Latin.

I’ll say in good faith - Latin terms, written in advance, in front of a cornucopia in a medical university, I’ll immediately give you a perevag:

1. First of all, it’s easier for you to master the objects and new ones for you.
2. In a different way, you will quickly conquer garnet shutter vicladac to yourself. Your weekend in Latin will definitely be a great student for you, if you will be brighter for all the views in the first couples.
3. Well, in a third way, you may have a good vocabulary stock, and in the world you can compensate for your grammar reading, as you can also eat quickly. It’s so much for me myself - in terms of vocabulary, I’ll endure bad luck, and the axis of grammar was given even harder. Ala, I have spent on the list of applicants for the memorable "automaton" myself through the vocabulary - at least that's what the vicladach said to me.

If I open up a good amount of Latin words, I will start thinking about everything, on the very ear of the first semester of the first course. To that, you already definitely hoped, if you wanted to learn, how to go to the medical university for a long time - this article is for you. And the best in such a situation is to fix your preparation in Latin.

Vlasne, Latin lesson

Let's try to remember the memory simple words z vimova. Immediately I’ll think about it, but in our first generation I won’t vkazuvat the word, the variation of the written word in the generic form, for many, as it is accepted in the vocabulary.

For our first lesson in Latin, I will remember the memory of two simple rules We will be victorious at once:

1. In the case of Latin voices, NIKOLI is not placed in the remaining warehouse;
2. The sound of the letter "L" will start to fade. The word "clavicula" (collarbone) does not sound "clavicula". We read її yak "klyavikulya". Similarly, yak і "scapula" (scapula) - the axis will sound right like this: "scapula".

Now, start reading Latin for doctors. Our vocabulary minimum at the busy time:

• Caput(Kaput) - head;
• Cranium(Cranium) - skull. To deliver the word often. To know the science of craniology, how to vivchaє budovu a human skull in the norm;
• Basis cranii(Crani basis) - the base of the skull;
• Fornix cranii(Fornix crani) - the star of the skull, tobto the skull of the skull;
• Maxilla(Maxilya) - the upper slot. Our other rule is not forgotten;
• Mandibula(Mandibuli) - the lower slot. "Mandibuli" will sound right;

I vikoristovuvav the classic illustration. With a red dotted line, I have moved the cordon between the crypts of the skull (fornix cranii) and since then (basis cranii). The part is rounded at the top - the tse zvіd. Lower is the basis.

With a black color I saw upper slot(Maxilla), and green - the lower slot (mandibula).

• Cervix(Cervix) - shia;
• Vertebra(Vertebra) - ridge;
• Columna vertebralis(Kolyumna vertebralis) - spinal stovp... The very win and store from the ridges;
• corpus vertebrae(Hull vertebre) - only the ridge. Zapam'yatovuvati Latin is even more simple on associations - often, especially in sports, only people call it “corps”. Boxing is like this: "blow to the body";
• Arcus vertebrae(Arkus vertebre) - arch of the ridge. It is not without reason that the architectural figure at the viglyad of the arc is called "arch";

Axis so viglyadaє ridge stop:

Step block of sl_v:

• Thorax(Thorax) - breasts. The same term is called the breast tissue - an anatomical statement, in the middle of which there is a breast empty.
• Cavum thoracis(Kavum toratsis) - chest empty. Vona is surrounded by a sternum, ribs and ridges, like a breast bone.
• Sternum(Sternum) - sternum. One of the very best kistok in the plan of vivchennya. All parts of the elements need to be remembered, the main ones are ...
• Corpus sterni(Stubble body) - sternum thickness. I think you already know the translation of the word, behind the analogy with the thickness of the ridge;
• Costa(Costa) - rib;
• Caput costae(Kaput bone) - the head of the rib. So, I myself thought a lot, scho human headі the head of some kind of anatomical illumination.
• Corpus costae(Body bone) - ribs only. I think you've already forgotten well, but also corpus;

At tsіy іlustratsії you can bachiti breast tissue, front view. The sternum - the chain is vertical to the brush, sutured in front. Here navit is written on the sternum, only on English- body of sternum. Before speech, Latin and English, there are many similar words.

The first stop for this year's block of Latin words.

• Сingulum membri superioris(Cingulum membrane superіorіs) - the belt of the upper kіntsіvka. The word superior, which means that it is superior, inferior, if you are taught even more often in the context of all anatomy.
• Superior(Superіor) - upper. Simple association. "Super" - the visce of all the others;
• Inferior(Inferior) - lower. It seems awkward to remember. "Inferno" is the name of hell. "Infernalny" - pekelny, diyavolsky. The stereotypical inferno is always found below;
• Scapula(Scapulya) - the same word is selected. Yak vi pam'yataєte, tse change over yak “scapula”;
• Clavicula(Klyavikulya) - collarbone. We were picking up the mice. Before the speech, for me on the anatomy it was even more marvelous, that the belt of the upper ciphers is folded in all from two clusters - scapula and collarbone. I was thinking to go there again.

I saw the clavicle as a worm, and the spatula as green.

The axis is such a list. I would recommend you to read it in parts. Write a word for a skin term, say it in a voice, and then turn it into a Russian term for your household or one by phone (I periodically tell the cat).

At the end of the day, our first (I am encouraged, not left) lesson in Latin language for physicians. As soon as you will be able to read the number of virazs for the day until the earliest days, you will become even a skillovy student in pairs in Latin. All luck, love and love science!

LEGAL POSITION

meteyu practical busyness є - there are people who know, to name and show parts and details of pre-sensed organs of a human X-ray signs, Computer tomograms), the nobility of topographic and anatomical intercourse, vivchy and the form, transferring the knowledge to the organism of living people, replenishing the preparation with nibbles.

Busy people to read up on the changes from the students on the cob ryvnya knowledge, for whom to take tests in the questionnaire or computer forms. Pislya ts'go vikladachnya seizure to the explanation of a short rose'explained most of the folds for the development of food. It’s long in the wilderness because of those busy, there’s an hour for an independent robot to control the cycle (repetition of material from the preparation of preparations, preparation, etc.). It is possible to carry out a second control of the development of the flow by those paths, the study of natural preparations and dummies, the study of lecture material, the study of the situation of the enterprises. During the final part of the employment, a school assessment is carried out on all stages of employment with the productive activity of students (activity in the selection by those, correctness of additional, etc.) algorithms for vivchennya material, characteristics of dzherel information.

The development of the skin system is carried out according to the calendar and thematic plans.

Methodology for conducting the zytnyh EMPLOYEES

meta: zakrіpiti and systematization of materials on the passage of topics to take (part of systems and organs or systems of organs in general).

STUDENT IS NECESSARY

nobility:

a) name the anatomy of the Latin and Russian language, Budova and topography of the vital organs and structures;

b) development, vіkovі specialties vivchenyh organs, as well as deyakі anomalies їkh development;

vmіti:

a) to start the correct anatomical position of the vivic organs;

b) know and show on the preparations the details of the budov and vivic organs;

c) use the method of preparation of organs and tissues;

d) at the beginning of the basic anatomical statement on the radiographs.

control knowledge on a busy busy day, go to 3 stages:

1.Test control of the knowledge of students is carried out on the basis of tests of their institutions from the anatomy of the people, hardened by the Coordinating, methodological and methodical Rada of the anatomy and histology of the people. Preparation before the test control is recommended to take place in the "Center for Information Technologies" at the Faculty of Medicine, with test programs for self-control and self-admission of students on given topics, as well as on the basis of the prepared tests at the heads of the departments, departments.

2. Delivery of practical tips. The student is guilty of taking a meal ticket, which includes 10 names of anatomical statements that need to be correctly indicated on the preparations (see the supplement for feeding practical tips) and name it in Latin, as well as for the supply of materials on

3.Answer to the theoretical feed for the examination of the materials practical to take(For a change in nutrition, see In the book of skin employment of methodical instructions).

The overall assessment is updated according to the criteria:

- "5" - test control buildings, all the anatomical approval is shown without reference and in the first place, correctly named Latin terms; the report on nutrition is clear, short, laconic; raspovid, literate, last and logical.

- "4" - test control buildings, all anatomical approval is shown correctly, one pardon in the known Latin terms; correct nutritional advice, but less clear; razpovіd literate, ale the lack of last.

- "3" - test control buildings, anatomical approval is shown inadequately, pardons in the knowledge of Latin terms; take into account the nutritional deficiencies, with deyaky pardons; rasspov_d non-posl_dovny, with pardons in details.

- "2" - test control not of buildings, anatomical approval is not shown in all, admission of rough punishments in the knowledge of Latin terms, referring to the dietary intake is incorrect or unclear, it is not a second one, and not last.

In the end of the busy busy day, there are bags. Students, who may not be satisfied with the assessment, are assigned an hour to re-distribute the sound according to the given topic.

LITERATURE:

Main:

1. Anatomy of a People / Pid. ed. M.R. Sapina. - M.: Medicine, 1986; 1993; 1996; 1997; 2001, vol. 1, 2.

2. M.G. Pririst., N.K. Lisenkov, V. I. Bushkovich. Anatomy of a human. - St. Petersburg Vidavnichiy dim SPbMAPO, 2005.

3. І.V. Gaivoronsky. Normal human anatomy. - St. Petersburg "SpetsLit", 2001, v.1,2.

4. Sinelnikov R.D., Sinelnikov Ya.R. Atlas of human anatomy. - M., "Medicine". - 1996. - T. 1-4.

Dodatkova:

1.Andronescu A. Anatomy of a child. - Ed. "Medicine". - Bucharest, 1970.

2. Walker F.I. The development of organs among the people of the nation. - M., Medgiz, 1951.

3. Sapin M.R., Bilich G.L. Anatomy of a human. - M.: Ed. Vishcha school. - T. 1. - 1996. -T. 12.

4.Ginzburg V.V. A short sketch of anthropology for physicians. Hold. ed. honey. literature. -L., 1963.

5. Ivanitskiy M.F. Anatomy of a human. - M.: Ed. Physical culture and sport, 1956.

6.Knorre A.G. A short historical sketch of the embryo of the people. - L.: Ed. Medicine, 1987.

7.Krilova N.V., Naumets L.V. Anatomy of organs in the eyes. Anatomy in diagrams and little ones. - M., Ed. University of Friendship of Peoples, 1991.

8.Krilova N.V., Sobol'va T.M. Sechostaevsky apparat. Anatomy in diagrams and little ones. - M.: Ed. Russian University of Friendship of Peoples, 1994.

9.Lesgaft P.F. Vibrani pratsi z anatomy / Ed. YES. Zhdanov. - M., Medicine, 1987.

osteology

EMPLOYMENT number 1

THEME: organization the initial process at the Department of Anatomy and Histology of People. Anatomical terminology. Axis and area. Ridges - form and budov.

META: Study students in the subject of "human anatomy", organization of robots at the department, basic anatomical Latin terminology. Investigation of the axis and area, which is carried out through tilo people, Budov and the classification of skeletal cysts, the zagalny plan of the Budov and the ridge, for the introduction of this knowledge in the development of the best dissemination of anatomy and discipline.

EQUIPMENT:

1.Skeleton of people and yogo around the cistka, ridge stop.

2. Distribution of small stocks.

3. A set of small ridges.

4.Tables and radiographs of cysts.

5. Dummy preparations of cysts.

VIKHIDNIY RIVEN ZNAN

For those students who are guilty of the nobility of a part of the skeleton, the classification of skeleton cysts, I'll go back to the testimonial Budovi kistki, as well as the zagalny plan of Budovi ridge.

STUDENT IS NECESSARY

nobility:

a) geographic anatomical terms, areas and parts of people;

b) axis and area, scho conducted through tilo people;

c) vertical lines, which are carried out on the surface of the people;

G) foreign laws development of bins, vidi ossification;

e) the plan of the budovi kistok;

f) classification of stocks;

h) zagalny plan of Budovi ridge.

vmіti:

a) naming and showing parts of the skeleton;

b) correctly visualize the anatomical terms in Russian and Latin languages;

c) put the ridge in the correct anatomical position;

d) correctly name and show the details of the Budov and the ridge on the preparations;

PLAN VIVCHENNYA MATERIALU TEMI

1. The axis and the area are carried out through tilo people.

2.The main vertical lines are carried out on the surface of the floor
people.

3. The main areas of the people.

4.Construction and chemistry warehouse kistki.

5. Bone yak organ.

6.Classification of stocks.

7.Parts of the skeleton. Is it an axial skeleton?

8. Vertebral stop, yogo viddili.

9.General plan of Budova ridge.

TRANSLATION OF THE MAIN LATIN ANATOMIC TERMINIV

Anterior - anterior

Rear - posterior

Upper - superior

Lower - inferior

Industrial - intermedius

Praviy - dexter

Liviy - sinister

Spinny, scho to lie on the back - dorsalis

Ventral, cranial - ventralis

Zovnishniy - externus

Internal - internus

Gliboky - profundus

Superficial - superficialis

Sagittal, strilopodibny - sagittalis

Frontal, parallel forehead - frontalis

Horizontal - horisontalis

Vertical - verticalis

Later - longitudinalis

Transverse - transversus

Medial, to lie close to the middle line - medialis

Middle - medianus

Middle - medius

Distal, more towards the center - distalis

Proximal, closest to tulub - proximalis

Liktyovy - ulnaris

Promenevoy - radialis

Front middle line - linea mediana anterior

Back middle of the line - linea mediana posterior

Medioclavicular line - linea medioclavicularis

Sternal line - linea sternalis

Front groin line - linea axillaris anterior

Middle groin line - linea axillaris media

Back groin linea - linea axillaris posterior

IPRBFPYUBS linea - linea scapularis

Paravertebral line - linea paravertebralis

walnut karkinos"Cancer, crab" in Latin Moviescancer got used to the same meaning, as well as "claw abo kigot"; In the poetic movement, the word got used to the meaning of the yak in the direct, as well as in the figurative sense. Medicine has a word in it - about ma (karkinoma) introduced by Galen to mark cancer briskly When this is the case, the enlargement of the veins is spared, which will cause cancer.

Before Galen, the word karkinos lived in the quality of a metaphor (transferring the characteristics of the behavior of a crab: purity, responsiveness, motor power, aptitude, fear) for the designated terrible ailment, as people were quick to sniff, widening the results of their disgusting people In a figurative sense, the word vikoristov was used for the meaning of false teachers, as well as for the establishment of the image of baiduzhost, for example, K.P. Paustovsky said that it’s non-government to beat people up with a baiduzh, and baiduzhism is more common, ale nezvorotno, like a crayfish pukhlin.

word karkinos the beginning of the same suzir'ya, according to the position of the crab nagaduє (cancer). Worshiping the stars, and also attributed to them a role in the management of the shares of people, called to the end of the day about the stars - astrology, which was victorious in ancient Mesopatamia. The Sumerian people worshiped the month, calling it symbolic images of the “budinka of the month” and vazhayuchi, so that they can display the images of the suzir, they were born because they were familiar to people. For example, the Chinese calendar is full of a month. Kozhen's house was occupied by a war hero, one of the people of the month of the goddess, who spent the night of the Chergovy month with the new kohan, in one of her heavenly palaces. This goddess, like the queen of heaven, was worshiped by the same deyakis of the Seven people: in Babylon and Assyria, it was called Ishtar, in Syria - Atar, in Finikia - Astarti, in Abissinia - Astar, in Izra; walnut іm'ya goddess - Astarte. The image of the goddess was lost in the antique light of the Zodiac (sleepy way) as a divi, which carries a child, either an ear, or with horns on its head. At the її temples, krym sacrificers (with the arrival of the chaplain priest for the change of the old religion, the worship of the sun has come), boules of harlots і razpusniki; worship of the supravodzhuvalosya ritual orgies. In the influx, they attributed all bad luck, ailments, we know it ourselves, the view of the person himself. For example, in the London lists they died Xviii v. there were deaths, viclikans "planet", so that if the victim was a bully of the people from "tragedies by the planet"; or "planetary blow", a term, which means raptus, nosodivanu ailment. For biblіynyy rekazami, zіrki, like and everything іnshe, stems from God, and the stench is more, less that there is nothing in nature, to testify about the greatness of the Creator; rukh іх і ізні positions were taken as the banner of the chogos that came. The Babylonian astrologers volodized the transfer of the stars in a mystery: so, for example, the ancient prophets did not convey the people of Jesus Christ, it was spoken to the magi by appearing on the Descend of the Star, as it led them to the sight of the Germans, delya.

cob TE haemo -,haemato - to follow the name of the organ, signifying the bleeding into the empty space. At the same time, the name of the vision of TE is indicative of the appearance of blood in them: haematuria the appearance of blood in the battle. Kintseviy TE - aemia vkazu instead of the blood of that, which is designated by the outgoing TE: uraemia slaughter in the blood. When a whole body is named, it is necessary to get used to a nasal vidmink of od. numbers without suffix. Similarly, the term is adopted, which can be used for the accumulated age or pus in the empty organ. for example: hydrometra the appearance of birth in the matrix.

literature

M.B. Musokhranova. Book of Latin language for students of the Faculty of Pharmacy by correspondence form navchannya

shiiny ridgevertebrae cervicales

1 shinny. atlas atlas

dorsal and ventral arch arcus dorsalis et ventralis

dorsal hump tuberculum dorsale

ventral hump tuberculum ventrale

krila atlanta ala atlantis

fovea articularis cranialis

slopes of the surface fovea articularis caudalis

kriloviє fossa fossa atlantis

Krilova hole foramen alare

foramen intervertebrale

Krilova virizka incisura alaris

transverse canal canalis transversarius

2 shinny. epistropheus axis

dentiform dens

rib facets foveae costales caudales

chest ridges vertebrae thorocales

facets for heads and fossae on vertebral bodies

ka fovea costalis cranialis et caudalis

facets on p. neg. for rib tubercles

cov fovea costalis transversalis

additional adaptations processus accessories

bichnі solid. vidp. for. vertebrae laterale

rib costa

kistkove rib os costale

costal cartilage cartilage costalis

rib head caput costae

hump of rib tuberculum costae

collum costae ribs

kut ribs angulus costae

sulcus vascularis

sulcus muscularis

true (sternal) ribs costae verae

pomilkovі (ridge) costae spuriae

Rib arch arcus costalis

hanging ribs costa fluctuans

chest sternum

handle manubrium sterni

tilo gr. corpus sterni cases

costales incisura costales sterni

sword-like edrostok pro. xiphoideus

sword-like cartilage cartilage xiphoidea

chest wallphorax

entrance to gr. cl. aperture thoracis cranialis

vykhid z gr. cl. aperture thoracis caudales

across the ridgevertebrae lumbales

kryzhovy ridges

Kryzhova kistka os sacrum

transverse lines linea transversa

Ventr. cr. vidp. for. sacrale laterale (dosale)

krila cr. kistki ala ossis sacru

basic parts pars lateralis

ear-shaped joint. facies auricularis

since. scars. comb crista sarcalis mediana

lateral ridges crista sarcalis lateralis

mies promontorium

vascular jolob sulcus vascularis

tail nodulesvertebrae caudales

germal arch arcus haemalis

scapula

angulus ventrales

depression cavitas glenoidalis

tuber scapula tuber scapulae

rostral outgrowth pro. coracoideus

main scapula basis scapulae

scapular cartilage cartilage scapulae

scapular spine spina scapulae

acromion

pre-limb. shovel and spine- fossa

supraspinata infraspinata

undercover. fossa subscapularis

teeth linea linea serrata

cog surface facies serrata scapulae

collum scapulae

tubercle osti tuber spinae scapulae

shoulder bagos brachii

the head of the shoulders. kistki caput hameri

humps of the shoulder cyst lateral (great) and medial (malium) tuberculum majis tuberculum minis

sulcus intertubercularis

on the hump, shortness (fossa) fasies m. infraspinati

block of shoulders. kistki trochea humer

littova fossa fossa olecrani

media. (fold) epicondylis medi

lat (rozgin) nadmisch. epicondylis lateralis

comb nadischelka crista epicondyli lateralis

diaphysis (tilo) corpus humeri

the comb is large. hump crista humeri

shortness of tuberositas deltoidea

linea anconaea

rounded shortness tuberositas teres

supra-block vidp. pro. supratrochleare

midsection. block hump tuber. intermedium

synovial fossa fossa synovialis

beforehandossa(keleton) antebrachii

exchange radius

the head is promin. kistki caput radii

fossa of the head fovea capitis radii

shorst. promin. bush tuberositas radii

sust. the surface of the facies articularis carpea

Liktyova Kistka ulna

olecranon

liktyovy hillock tuber olecrani

incisura trochlearis

hooks vidrostok pro. ancronaeus

facet for lyktya hand circumferenta articularis

lower than the next. virizka incisura radialis

with the facet circumferential articularis

interosseous proximal and distal spatium interosseum proximale et distale

shortness of tuberositas flexoria

intercost. space spatium interosseum

wrist cuffsossa carpi

exchange kistka os carpi radiale

industrial register os carpi intermedium

liktyova kistka os carpi ulnare

dodatkova kit os carpi accessorium

dist. row 4 + 5 wrist knots os carpale primum secundum tertium quartum et quintim

os carpi radiointermedium

kistki п'ястіossa metacarpalia

distribution comb block trochlea

sust. the surface of the facies articularis

p'yastkova schokhov tuberositas ossis metacarpalis

fingersticksossa digitorum

1 phalanx of phlananx proximalis

jolob_v. sust. fovea artic fossa. metacarpea

2 phalanx phlanax media

grunt. fovea articularis surface

trochlea phalangis block

3 phalanx phlanax distalis

shorstka zgin. on top. tuberositas flexoria

razgibat. vidrostok pro. extensorius

pidoshov. the surface of the facies solearis

pidoshov. vidp. for. soleare

napivkrzhnymi. canalis solearis

stinna or bichna surface. facies parietalis

sesamoidea ossa sesamoidea

1 phalanges ossa sesamoidea phalangis praximalis

3phalangi os sesamoideum phalangis distalis

pelvic belt

pelvic brush os coxae

suglob depression acetabulum

closed open for. obturatum

sympysis pelvis

empty cavum pelvis

ilium os ilium

krilo Povz. kistki ala ossis ilii

tilo pozd. handy corpus ossis ilii

iliac crest crista iliaca

Maklok tuber coxae

int. tuber sacrale

sidnichny pov. krila facies glitaea

sidnichny linea linea glutaea

pelvis. pov. krila facies pelvina

ear sust. pov. faciec auricularis

iliopectinea crest crista iliopectinea

explanatory hump tuberculum m. psoas minoris

great sciatic viral incisura inshiadica major

ischial spine spina ischiadica

pubis os pubis

transverse. depressions. gilka ramus cranialis

lonny comb pectin ossis pubis

adrenal eminentia ilio pubica

lonny tubercle tuberculum pubicum (usamtsov)

sciatic bone os ischii

sitalisch. tuber tuber ischiadicum

sitalisch. arch arcus ischiadicus

suture neck ramus symphysialis

depressions ramus acetabularis

mala sivy. virizka incisura ischiadica minor

sust. depression acetabulum

virizka uncisura acetabuli

zv'azkova fossa depression fossa acetabuli

stegnova kistkaos femoris

caput femoris

fossa її fovea capitis

great spit trochanter maior

shortness of tuberositas glutaea

shyka stegon. collum femoris

tilo corpus femoris

crista intertrophanteriсa

acetabular fossa fossa trochanterica

LATER. and honey. labium laterale et mediale

maliy vertiv trochanter minor

lateral and medial virostki condylus lateralis et caudalis

intermisch. fossa intercondylaris

fossa musculi poplitei

humpback tuberculum plantare

facies articularis sesamoidea

plantar rough tuberositas plantaris

head of incisura capitis

3 centers. twisting trochanter medius

3 twisting trochanter tetrius

plantar fossa fossa plantaris

homilka skeleton cruris

great homilkova list tibia

lat i honey virostka condylus lateralis et medial

sust pov virostka facies articularis

intercondylare laterale et mediale

sulcus exentorius

pіdkolіnnoї virіzka incisura poplitea

Sudinne Vidp. for. nutritium

crest of the great homilk kistka crista tibia

shorstkuvate tuberositas tibiae

blocky joint to the surface of the cochlea tibiae

medial cyst malleolus medialis

sulcus malleolaris casement facet

mala gomilkova fibula

kistochkova kistka os malleolare

small bitesossa tarsi

p'yatkova kistka calcaneus

p'yatkovy tubercle tuber calcanei

batterie holder sustentaculum tali

facet for her facies articularis tali

cytochkova processus malleolaris

talus batter

block for b. Gomіlok. K. trochlea tali

facet for p'yat k. facies articularis

head of the ram brush caput tali

central trays os tarsi centrale

moldsossa metatarsalia

fingersticks

skull cranium

cerebral skull

potilychna k_stkaosoccipitale

great potilichny opening for occipitale magnum

tilo grinder brush pars basilaris

tuberculum musculare

fossa for dovzhastogo brain fossa medullae oblohgatae

fossa pontis bridge hole

torn open for lacerum

basic parts pars lateralis

condulis occipitalis

jugular pro jugularis

for hupoglossi

squama occipitalis

crista occipitalis crest

wily (zovnish) lusca surface pars nuchalis

zovnishny foothill protuberantia occipitalis externa

mozkov (vn) on top of lusca facies cerebralis

sagittal crest crista sagittalis exernA

canalis condularis

sinus fossa fossa nuchalis

wedge-like caseossphenoidale

tilo corpus schenoidale

intimate krila ala orbitalis

skrone krila ala temporalis

krylopodіbnі adolescents pro pterygoudeus

Krylovo ridge crista pterygoidea

clenopalatine fossa fossa sphenopalatina

zorove otvir for opticum

orbital fissure fissure orbitalis

round hole for rotundum

sphenopalatinum for sphenopalatinum

Upper gap type for maxillare

rear door for palatinum caudale

back of the turkish saddle dorsum sellae

Caudo Krilova otvir for alare caudale

sleepy otvir for caroticum

pits fossa pterygoidea

Male Krilova vidp for alare parvum

oval virizka incisura ovale

sonna virizka incisura carotica

tim'yana kistkaosparietale

finger impressions impressiones digitatae

cerebral combs juga cerebralia

scallop linea temporalis

tim'yana maydanchik planum parietale

її sinus sinus parietalis

inter-parietalkistkaos interparietale

cystic cerebellar tentorium cerebelli osseum

skroneva brushos temporale

pars squamosa

willow sprout pro zygomaticus

arcus zygomatius

hump hump tuberculum articulare

scronevial ​​canal meatus temporalis

crista temporalis crest

skroneva fossa fossa temporalis

kam'yanista kistka pars petrosa

nipple-like part of pars mastoidea

Persian. neg pro mastoideus

vidp of the facial canal canalis facialis

drum chastina pars tympanica

the call of the rumor of the passage meatus acurticus externus

drum michur bulla tympanica

muscularis pro muscularis

kistkova hearing pipe tuba auditiva ossea

drum empty cavum tympani

kam'yanisty comb crista partis petrosa

internal hearing pass meatis acustics internus

open the front water supply apertura externa aquaeductus vestibule

aperture externa aquaeductus cochleae

hypochondriac pro hyoideus

skronevy hіd meatus temporalis

lobova kistkaos frontale

zovnish forehead comb crista frontalis externa

orbital edge margo supraorbitalis

eye ridge crista orbitotemporalis

willow sprout pro xygomaticus

sinus frontalis

supraorbitale for supraorbitale

crypt of the empty skull calvaria

back frontal ridge crista frontalis caudalis

hornlike outgrowths pro cornualis

supra-well gutter sulcus supraorbitalis

face skullsplanchnocranium

nasal boxosnasale

naso-maxillary incisura nasomaxillaris

dorsal shell crest crista conchalis dorsalis

maxillary cystmaxilla

tilo corpus maxillae

alveolar margin margo alveolaria

teeth dimples foramina alveolaria

upper slit tuber tuber maxillae

canalis palatinus

back for palatinum caudale

great for palatinum majus

childish growth pro palatinus

kistkovo palatum osseum

eye opening for infraorbitale

nodocular canal canalis infraorbitalis Upper slit for maxillare

canalis canalis maxilloinciivus

slit sinus sinus maxillaris

ventral shell crest crista conchalis ventralis

lacrimal canal canalis lacrimalis

Krilova fossa fossa canina

face mound tuber faciale

cryopodic growth pro pterygoideus

crista facialis

hole for іkla fossa canina

baby grub sulcus palatinius

incisor toothosincisivum

nasal bud pro nasalis

childish growth pro palatinus

fissura palatina

canalis canalis incisivus

піднебінна Кісткаospalatinum

hoani choana

clenopalatine fossa fossa sphenopalatina

palatomaxillary sinus sinus palatomaxillaris

sinus sinus palatinus

cynopalatine sinus sinus sphenopalatinus

sl_zna kistkaoslacrimale

fossa lacrimal bear fossa sacci lacrimalis

neat opening for lacrimale

lacrimal canal canalis lacrimali

sl_zniy mikhur bulla lacrimalis

nasal hump tuberculum lacrimale nasale

wilichna kistkaosxygomaticum

willow comb crista xygomatica

krylopodibna kistkaospterygoideum

slider hamulus

openervomer

krila opener ala vomeris

ratchasta kistkaosethmoidale

lamina cribrosa plate

scent pits fossa olfactoria

cock comb crista galli

grated open for ethmoidale

perpendicular to the lamina perpendicularis plate

paperrova (bichna) plate lamina tectoria papyracea

labyrinthus ethmoidalis brush

nasal shellsconchae

dorsal shell concha nasalis dorsalis

ventral shell concha nasalis ventralis

frontal canal sinus sinus conchofrontalis

conchomandibular sinus sinus conchomaxillaris

cranio-maxillary sinus aditus nasomaxillaris

Bottom slotmandibula

tilo corpus mandibulae

incisal part pars incisiva

small surface facies lingularis

labial (chin) over facies labialis

kornna chastina pars molaris

підбіддя відп for mentale

inferior canal canalis mandibulae

lower slit type for mandibulae

canalis mandibuloincisivus

ramus mandibulae crackle

sust neg pro condylaris

muscularis pro muscularis

fossa of the jugular fossa masseterica

Krilova fossa fossa pterygoidea

cleft kut angulus mandubulae

Intermandibulare spatium intermandibulare

kutovy pro angularis

toothless edge margo interalveolaris

pid'yazikova listoshyoideum

tilo basihyoideum

great horns thyreohyoideum

small horns ketatohyoideum

segments of hylok epihyoideum

middle segment of stylohyoideum

proximal segment tympanohyoideum

movniy adrostok pro lingualaris

young growth pro lingularis

proboscisosrostale