Antibiotics group of fluorochinolones. fluorohinoloni

In the rest of the rock, all the more often for the development of synthetic infections, it is tied to the point of time, which is very rich in microorganisms to change the style before walking. Besides, infectious diseases are going against everything more and more importantly, and it is not always possible to see an originator at once. To this, there is a growing need for antibacterial drugs of a wide range of children, up to which there are more sensitive microorganisms. One of the groups themselves effective likings with such authorities є fluorohіnoloni. The drugs are moving in a synthetic way and have been widely distributed since the 80s of the 20th century. CLINIC RESULTS They brought the zasosuvannya of cichs, but the stench is more effective, less the number of different antibiotics.

Also the group of fluorochinolones

Antibiotics are drugs that may inhibit antimicrobial activity and most often may be natural. Formally, fluoroquinoloni does not stick to antibiotics. The purpose of synthetic proclamation is to remove fluorine atoms from the fluorine. Regularly from the number of times to good efficiency and period of time.

When consumed in organisms, preparations of a group of fluorochinolones are distributed in all tissues, being consumed in the ribs, cysts, penetrating through the placenta and also in cells of bacteria. It might smell like a good idea of attracting the head enzyme of microorganisms to the robot, without the need for DNA synthesis. It is a very unique process to produce bacteria before they die.

So, as the goals are quickly developed according to the body, the stench appears to be more effective, less antibiotics.

Other microorganisms in active fluorochinoloni

Tse preparations of a wide range of diy. To get involved, it smells effective against the large number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, mycobacterium tuberculosis, which are very simple. Smells of gut, sinogonia and hemophilous sticks, pneumococci, salmonella, shigeli, listeria, meningokoki and others. Sensitive to them are also internal microorganisms, with which you can easily fit in with these preparations.

Insensitive to cichlikami only grows fungi and viruses, as well as the causative agents of syphilis.

Perevaga vikoristannya tsikh drugiv

A lot of important and small infections can be found in fluoro chinoloni. The drugs, which are used for the first time, often become ineffective at a time. And fluoro-chinoloni, as a rule, are easier to carry with them by the patients, they get wet quickly, and microorganisms cannot yet be violated before them. In addition, the likes of the group may and may not pass:

Yaky pouring fluorohіnoloni

Antibiotics are drugs that make them vicious without any side effects. And at the same time, microorganisms became insensitive to such incidents. To that, fluorochinoloni have become an excellent alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases. It smells like the unique power of making up the production of bacteria, how to bring them to their residual bend. Tsim can explain the high efficacy of the drugs in the group of fluorochinolones. Accessibility also applies to special features. The stench in 2-3 years penetrates into the mustache of the fabric, the organisation of the human organism. Vivoditsya tsі preparations in the main section. І nagato rіdshe, nіzh antibiotics, victories іnіchnіy dії.

Shown up to sucking

Antibacterial drugs of the group of fluoroquinolones are widely stagnant in case of internal carnial infections, important infectious diseases dikhalnyh noblesі sectional system... Navigate such serious infections, such as Siberian virazka, salmonellosis, it is easy to get sick. They can replace more antibiotics. Effective fluoroquinoloni for treating such ailments:

chlamidose;
gonorrhea;
infectious prostatitis;
cystitis;
pyelonephritis;
cranial typhus;
dysentery;
salmonellosis;
pneumonia abo chronic bronchitis;
tuberculosis.

Instructions for the preparation of cich preparations

Fluoroholoni is most often used in tablets for use in the middle. Ale є razchin for ін'єкцій, as well as dots in the eyes and at the wuh. To correct the required therapeutic effect, it is necessary to take into account all the recommendations of the doctor for the dosage and the particularities of the drug intake. Tablets need to be washed down with water. It is important to show the necessary interval between two doses. It happened that way, once taking the drug of omissions, it is necessary to take the leaks of the yakomoga shvidshe, but not all at once with the onset dose.

When taking drugs in a group of fluoroquinolones, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of the doctor as soon as they receive them with other drugs, even if some of them can reduce the antibacterial effect, so there is a risk of developing side-by-side... It is not recommended for an hour to go to a trivial hour to use direct sleepy exchanges.

Special requests before reception

Infection with most non-baked bactericidal zasob vvazhayutsya fluorohinoloni. The drugs are recognized as a category of patients, which are counter-indications of antibiotics. Ale, everything is pitted before їх zasosuvannya є. Zaboronі fluorochіoloni in such droplets:

for children up to 3 years, and for children of the new generation - up to 2 years, even in a childish and old age, the stench stagnates only in extreme varieties;
for an hour of vaginosti that year for a breast of a child;
with atherosclerosis, sudin to the brain;
with individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

When fluorochinolones are recognized, the efficiency is reduced in spite of the antiquity, which requires a break for a few years between them. As soon as the vicoristovuvati is a penny together with methylxanthines or preparations of zaliz, then the toxic effect of chinoloniv will appear.

Possible little ones

Fluorochinoloni is the easiest to carry. Preparations can be used only as a result of such secondary events:

pain in the stomach, stove, intestinal dislocation;
headaches, zamorochennya;
disturbed sleep;
sudomi, tremtinnya in myaz;
lowering the dawn or hearing;
tachycardia;
the deterioration of the functions of the stove abo nirok;
fungal disease of shkiri and mucous;
Increased sensitivity to ultraviolet optimization.

Classification of fluorochinolones

Infections of acute chotiri generation of drugs in the group.

Oh, they started synthesizing in the 60s, while the popularity of the stench was disregarded only in the end of the capital. There are 4 groups of fluoroquinolones in the presence of an hour of emergence and efficiency.

The first generation is the process of low efficacy against fluoroquinolones, drugs are used to take revenge on oxolinic or nalidixic acid.
Drugs of another generation are active against bacteria, insensitive to penicillin. The smell is also on atypical microorganisms. Often, with important infections of mental health and herbal tract zastosovytsya tsі fluorohіoloni. Preparations to the whole group should be as follows: "Ciprofloxacin", "Ofloxacin", "Lomefloxacin" and іnshі.
Fluoroholoni 3 generations are also called respiratory, as the stench is especially effective against infectious upper and lower mental health. Tse "Sparfloxacin" і "Levofloxacin".
4 generations of likivs of the group have recently appeared. The stench of active against anaerobic infections. Only one drug - "Moxifloxacin" is available for the expansion.

Preparations 1 and 2 generations of fluoroquinolones

The first riddles about the preparations of the whole group can be learned in the 60s of the 20th century. A lot of people got stuck against infectious diseases of the intestines and fluorochinoloni. The drugs, the list of vidomies infect only to drug users, so as the stench may not get used to it, they have low efficiency. Cycles based on nalidixic acid: "Negram", "Nevigramon". The first generation of preparations were called chinolones. The stench wicked a lot of vicious actions, and a lot of bacteria were insensitive to them.

A few days later, the number of preparations continued, and after 20 years, fluorochinoloni appeared in 2 generations. The stench took its name for the rakhunok introduction of fluorine atoms into the chinolone molecule. The price has increased the effectiveness of the preparation and has changed the number of side effects. Until the next generation of fluoro-chinolones are reported:

Preparations 3 and 4 generations

Until the end of the day, the preparations continued. At the same time, the most effective are fluoroholoni. The overflow of drugs in 3 and 4 generations is not very great, so as not all passed the clinical tests and admission to storage. The smell may seem to be a high efficiency and goodness to penetrate quickly into the organisms and fabrics. To this, the preparations become stagnant in case of important infections of the spinal paths, the sechostatic system, the herbal tract, the shkiri and the slopes. Before them, "Levofloxacin" is introduced, which is called "Tavanik". Win an effective way to find a Siberian ride. Before the preparations of the fourth generation of fluoroquinolones, there is "Moxifloxacin" (or "Avelox"), which is active against anaerobic bacteria. The price of the new drug is to add a large number of incomplete drugs, it is easier to be tolerated by patients and more effective.

Fluoroholoni is one of the most effective means for dealing with important infectious diseases. It is only possible to write a sign of a likar if you are stuck with it.

Fluorochinoloni - drugs are carried to the group of chinolones and volodymy by antibacterial powers. vikoristovyu in CLINIC PRACTICE pulmonology, otolaryngology, urology, nephrology, dermatology, ophthalmology. The breadth of storage is enriched by the range of activities, the effectiveness of the cich likarsky zasob_v. With a great stench, there are a number of negative injections. Antibiotics are usually prescribed strictly according to the indications, in the correct doses, for the prevention of indications for the safety of the effectiveness, as well as the safety of the therapy.

Go to systematization

The list of drugs in the development of fluoro-chinolones and chinolones in nearly 4 dozen of them. Smells come from the presence of fluorine atom, from the amount of it in the molecule (monoftochinoloni, diftochinoloni), according to the important spectrum of diy (gram-negative, anaerobic), the region of stagnation (respiration).

Naybіlsh povna picture to take revenge at the classification of chinolons on the outskirts of the generation. The very same idea of extensions in practice.

General classification of hinoloniv:

1 generation (non-fluorinated): nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid;
2 generations (gram-negative): ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin;
3 generation (respiratory): levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, gatifloxacin;
4 generations (respiratory and antianothermic): moxifloxacin, hemifloxacin.

on chemical characteristics, The spectrum of diseases, in the interaction with the organism of the patient, is used for the treatment of the skin preparation in therapy.

Pharmacological authorities

Mechanism of the preparation of preparations in injected on bacterial enzymes, which take part in the approved DNA and RNA. The result is irreversible impairment of the synthesis of protein molecules of microbial cells. Life is falling, the activity of toxic and enzyme structures is changing, and the amount of accumulation of bacterial cells by phagocytes (an element of the human system) is increasing.

Fluoroholoni switch to bacterial cells

Representatives of all groups of fluoro-chinolones inject into the active bacterial cell, and also destroy any stage of the life cycle. The smell of fumes on the growing microorganisms, on the cells in the camp is calm, if there are a lot of medications that are ineffective.

Likuvalny effect of fluorochinolones of exchange:

bactericidal diu;
penetrations in the middle of bacterial cells;
continued antimicrobial effect on contact with the drug molecule;
stems of high concentrations in tissues, organs of the patient;
we trivialize vivedennyam drug for organism.

Nalidixic acid is the first representative of chinolones. Another drug, Bula, is oxolinic acid, which has a low activity 3 times more than the average. However, when fluoroquinolones are set in 2 generations (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin), it is practically impossible to get rid of it.

Only nalidixic acid (nevigramone) is taken at a time. Shown for infections sečovyh nobles(Pyelitis, cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis) cuttings... Take up to 4 times a day (tablets).

In fluorochinolones, as in the onset of generation of chinolones, there are changes in the spectrum of sensitive bacteria, as well as pharmacokinetic power (moisture, growth and vividness to the body).

The headquarters of the fluoro chinolones in the period with chinolones:

wide anti-microbial activity;
effective concentration in internal organs in case of stagnation of tablet forms, as it does not lie in the reception of the drug;
deep penetration into the organization of dikhannya, nirki, sechovid_lnuyu system, ENT organs;
for the preparation of alcoholic concentrations in urazhenih fabrics, finish the mark 1-2 times for good;
side effects at the sight of the damaged organs of the etching, nervous system find out more;
to become stagnant in case of impaired function of nirok, if they want to develop in case of pathology.

On this day, there are some generations of representatives of the group.

Stagnation in clinical practice

Preparations may be douche a wide range, Diyut for a large number of microorganisms. Preparations of the 2nd generation are well infused onto aerobic gram-negative bacteria (salmoneli, shigeli, campilobacteri, gonorrhea), gram-positive (tuberculosis germ).

At the same time, before them, an insensitive pneumococcus, intellectually pathogenic microorganisms (chlamydia, legionelli, mycoplasmi), as well as anaerobes. So, pneumococcus is the main cause of pneumonia and often hostile to ENT organs;

Norfloxacin (2nd generation) with a wide range of diy sečovy systems... In addition, the area of yogo zasosuvannya is interconnected with nephrological, urological pathology.

Respiratory fluorochinoloni (3 generations) may have the same spectrum injected, as drugs in the anterior group, as well as volodiyut on pneumococci, including stiky forms, on atypical microbiota (chlamydia, mycoplasma). Tse allowed a wide range of vikoristovuvati group for lіkuvannya respiratory system(Organ dikhannya), as well as in general therapy practice.

Fluorohinoloni 3 generations will be stagnant for the treatment of infections:

dichotomous systems;
nirk fabric;
secular systems;
eyes;
sinuses nose;
shkiri and fat cells.

Fluorohіnoloni 4 generations, last generation on a current day, it may be infused with gram-positive, gram-negative flora, as well as efficiently anaerobic, non-recurring before sporulation. A wider sphere of congestion, allowing vicoristovuvati in case of maladies of children with development of anaerobic infections, aspirating pneumonia, internal, internal, pelvic infections.

With the triumph of the latest fluorochinolones, the possibility of vicoristovuvat only tilki tsіliki (monotherapy).

The stench is shown in case of quiet illnesses, as well as respiratory fluoroholoni. At the same time, moskifloxatsin is injected on the staple stems, which can also be used in the therapy of new and nosocomial pneumonia.

A great challenge for a number of cich drugs (levofloxacin, pefloxacin) є the possibility of consuming them is not only for receiving in the middle, but for internal administration. Tse zabezpechuє shvidku delivery lіkarskogo zasobu to urazhenih fabrics, scho for important patients can be virіshalnim. It is also possible to conserve the so-called step-by-step therapy. If at rejection of a positive result infusion method the introduction of the drug to switch to tablet form. There is a high availability of fluoro-chinolones with this method of introduction to ensure the effectiveness and additional assistance to eliminate the negative heritage of the introduction of the great societies of the lykarsk people internally.

Negligible effects and contraindications

Like and be-like lykarski zasobi, antibiotics fluoroholoni may have a number of side effects. Їх it is necessary to develop due to changes in the patient's camp, as they educate the main ailments (for example, the time increase in temperature) and apply to the therapeutic effect of medications.

Change of side effects:

Likewise, rarely, with severe dysbacteriosis, pseudomembranous colitis develops in the intestine with clostridia. Tse important i not uncomfortably ill intestines. Therefore, when changes of style appear, bloodshed or small houses to feces, poor temperatures, as it is impossible to explain to the main illnesses, it is necessary to consult a doctor in terms of the term.

Prototype indications:

availability for any term;
period of thoracic vigodovannya;
вік under 18 rockіv;
Allergy or reaction to the intake of chinolones and fluorochinolones in the past.

Fluorohіoloni for lіkuvannya children do not vikoristovytsya through a swiveling negative infusion on the cartilage tissue of the organism, for growth.

If necessary, the preparation should be substituted for medication with a suitable spectrum injected onto the buds.

In case of heart disease with a threat, the development of slunker breakdowns of the rhythm, in case of liver pathology, it is necessary to control the stationary organs.

In other drugs, a spectrum of possible negative influences appears. To that, zasosuvannya tsikh zasobіv maє passes and under suvorim control of the lykar.

Stagnation of fluorochinolones in case of diseases of ENT organs

With igneous congestion of the nasal passages, oropharynx, migdalexes, paranasal sinuses, vuha infectious nature zasosovyut preparations penicillin series, macrolide, cephalosporin and fluorochinoloni.
Vikoristovytsya drugs 3 and 4 generations: levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin. It is important that there is a lot of cich generators in the fact that the stench is injected on pneumococci. Same tsі streptococci in a large number of vypadkіv є by pupils either independently, or spirally with other microbes igniter get sick ENT organs, mental systems.

Stagnate with the gostrich and chronic ignition processes, Viklikanikh sensitive to fluorochinolones antibiotics.

Nybils often play in therapy:

getting sick in the nasal sinuses;
rinitiv;
rhinosinusitis.

It becomes vicorious for fluoroquinoloni in the presence of an effect on the basis of beta-lactams (that cephalosporin) and macrolides.

In such a rank, the preparations of the group of fluoroquinolones are the only ones that are widely used for antibacterial therapy for older adults. Reliability of the patient's condition, the appearance of negative symptoms in the inflow, the most accurate preparation of the drug for the microbial spectrum of the specific illnesses, due to the method and regimen of the introduction without providing a positive effect of therapy, without, as well.

The breadth of storage is enriched by the range of activities, the effectiveness of the cich likarsky zasob_v. With a great stench, there are a number of negative injections. Antibiotics are often prescribed strictly according to the indications, in the correct doses, for the prevention of indications of the safety of the effectiveness, as well as of the therapy.

Go to systematization

Naybіlsh povna picture to take revenge at the classification of chinolons on the outskirts of the generation. The very same idea of extensions in practice.

General classification of hinoloniv:

The reason for the chemical characteristics, the spectrum of the diseases, in the interaction with the patient's organism is the first choice of a skin preparation in therapy.

Pharmacological authorities

Fluorohinoloni switch to bacterial cells

Likuvalny effect of fluorochinolones of exchange:

bactericidal diu;
penetrations in the middle of bacterial cells;
continued antimicrobial effect on contact with the drug molecule;
stems of high concentrations in tissues, organs of the patient;
we trivialize vivedennyam drug for organism.

Only nalidixic acid (nevigramone) is taken at a time. It is indicated for infections of sech nobles (pyelitis, cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis), for interoperative acceleration on nyrkas, cuttings, cuttings. Take up to 4 times a day (tablets).

In fluorochinolones, as in the onset of generation of chinolones, there are changes in the spectrum of sensitive bacteria, as well as pharmacokinetic power (moisture, growth and vividness to the body).

The headquarters of the fluoro chinolones in the period with chinolones:

wide anti-microbial activity;
effective concentration in the internal organs in case of stagnation of tablet forms, as it does not lie in the reception;
deep penetration into the organization of dikhannya, nirki, sechovid_lnuyu system, ENT organs;
for the preparation of alcoholic concentrations in urazhenih fabrics, finish the mark 1-2 times for good;
side effects in the eyes of the damaged organs of etching, the nervous system and more;
to become stagnant in case of impaired function of nirok, if they want to develop in case of pathology.

On this day, there are some generations of representatives of the group.

Stagnation in clinical practice

The drugs may have even a wide range, going to a large number of microorganisms. Preparations of the 2nd generation are well infused on aerobic gram-negative bacteria (salmonella, shigeli, campilobacteria, gonorrhea), gram-positive (golden staphylococcus, tuberculosis germ).

Norfloxacin (2nd generation) has a wide range of diets, however, there is a high concentration of drugs in the cuttings system. In addition, the area of yogo zasosuvannya is interconnected with nephrological, urological pathology.

Respiratory fluorochinoloni (3 generations) may have the same spectrum injected, as drugs in the anterior group, as well as volodiyut on pneumococci, including stiky forms, on atypical microbiota (chlamydia, mycoplasma). Tse made it possible to widely use the vicarist group for the treatment of the respiratory system (organs of the body), as well as in general therapeutic practice.

Fluorohinoloni 3 generations will be stagnant for the treatment of infections:

dichotomous systems;
nirk fabric;
secular systems;
eyes;
paranasal sinuses;
shkiri and fat cells.

Fluoroholoni of the 4th generation, the last generation on the current day, may be infused on gram-positive, gram-negative flora, as well as effective anaerobes, not long before sporulation. A wider sphere of congestion, allowing vicoristovuvati in case of maladies of children with development of anaerobic infections, aspirating pneumonia, internal, internal, pelvic infections.

With the triumph of the latest fluorochinolones, the possibility of vicoristovuvat only tilki tsіliki (monotherapy).

A great challenge for a number of cich drugs (levofloxacin, pefloxacin) є the possibility of consuming them is not only for the reception in the middle, but for the internal introduction. Tse zabezpechuє shvidku delivery lіkarskogo zasobu to urazhenih fabrics, scho for important patients can be virіshalnim. It is also possible to conserve the so-called step-by-step therapy. If, in case of a positive result from the infusion method of the drug administration, switch to tablet form. There is a high availability of fluoro-chinolones with this method of introduction to ensure the effectiveness and additional assistance to eliminate the negative heritage of the introduction of the great societies of the lykarsk people internally.

Negligible effects and contraindications

Change of side effects:

discomfort, pain in the area of the shlunk, decreased appetite, stove, nudity, blues, loss of style according to the type of diarrhea;
disturbed sleep, headaches, troubled, lost hearing and hearing, sensitiveness, judgment;
fired cartilage tissue, cut the tendon;
I have a pain in myaz;
transient heating of nirk tissue, interstitium (nephritis);
changes on electrocardiograms, as a result of which there may be arrhythmias;
shkirny visip, which can be supervised with a sverblyachkoy, allergic nagging;
development of increased sensitivity to sleepy changes;
damage in the structure of microbial flora to organism, development of fungal infection of the mucous membrane of the mouth, body organs.

Likewise, rarely, with severe dysbacteriosis, pseudomembranous colitis develops in the intestine with clostridia. It’s not safe and not safe for the intestines. Therefore, when changes of style appear, bloodshed or small houses to feces, sick temperatures, as it is impossible to explain to the main illnesses, it is necessary to consult a doctor in terms of the term.

availability for any term;
period of thoracic vigodovannya;
вік under 18 rockіv;
Allergy or reaction to the intake of chinolones and fluorochinolones in the past.

Fluorohіoloni for lіkuvannya children do not vikoristovytsya through a swiveling negative infusion on the cartilage tissue of the organism, for growth.

If necessary, the preparation should be substituted for medication with a suitable spectrum injected onto the buds.

In case of heart disease with a threat, the development of slunker breakdowns of the rhythm, in case of liver pathology, it is necessary to control the stationary organs.

In other drugs, a spectrum of possible negative influences appears. To that, zasosuvannya tsikh zasobіv maє passes and under suvorim control of the lykar.

Stagnation of fluorochinolones in case of diseases of ENT organs

In case of fiery congestion of the nasal passages, oropharynx, migdalexes, paranasal sinuses, vuha of infectious nature, use penicillin preparations, macrolide, cephalosporin and fluorochnoloni. Vikoristovytsya drugs 3 and 4 generations: levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin. It is important that there is a lot of cich generations in the fact that the stench is poured into pneumococci. The same streptococci in a large number of vypadkiv є by pupils either independently or spirally with the other microbes of ignited diseases of ENT organs, mental systems.

Stagnate in case of gostrich and chronic ignition processes, antibiotics sensitive to fluoroquinolones.

Nybils often play in therapy:

getting sick in the nasal sinuses;
rinitiv;
rhinosinusitis.

It becomes vicorious for fluoroquinoloni in the presence of an effect on the basis of beta-lactams (that cephalosporin) and macrolides.

antibiotics fluorochnoloni

Chinol has been widely used in medicine since 1962 to establish its pharmacokinetics and biological availability. Dividing hinol into two main groups:

For fluorochinoloniv antibacterial effect is characteristic, which made it possible to stagnate in case of muscular licking in viglyadi droplets for the eyes and vuh.

The efficiency of fluoroquinolones is summed up by the mechanism of the process - the stench of attracting DNA-geese and topoisomerase, which disrupts DNA synthesis in ailing cells.

The overvoltage of fluorochinolones in terms of antibiotics of natural activity is unchallenged:

Wide range of activities.
Visoka bioavailability and penetration into the fabric.
A trivial period of vivedennya s organizmu, so yes a postantibioticheskіy effect.
Easy to wet with mucous shlunkovo-intestinal tract.

Fluorohіnoloni - antibiotics (drugs)

Classification of fluoro-chinolones is the main generation, the skin begins to develop from any type of appearance, we will be more satisfied with the antimicrobial effect:

1st generation: oxolinic acid, ppemidinic acid, nalidixic acid;
2nd generation: lomefloxotsin, pefloxotsin, ofloxotsin, ciprofloxotsin, norfloxotsin;
3rd generation: levofloxacin, sparfloxacin;
4th generation: moxifloxacin.

The most powerful antibiotics

People are constantly perebuva in the joke of the most powerful antibiotic, so only such a drug can guarantee the elimination of deadly illnesses. Antibiotics of a wide range of children are most effective - the stench of the building is injected into gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

cephalosporin

Antibiotics, cephalosporins, may have a wide range of products. Mechanism of dressing with galmuvannya development of cell membranes of ailing cellini. There are a number of antibiotics that can be minimally fatal and do not negate the immunity of people.

One of the shortcomings of cephalosporins can lead to a reduction in the effectiveness of bacteria before they multiply. The most powerful drug in a number of series is used by Zefter, the name of Belgium, released in the form.

macrolidi

Macrolide is an antibiotic drug, one of the converters of which is low toxicity for the body and in the amount of fallowness, depending on the dose, bacteriostatic and bactericidal action on microorganisms can be exerted.

fluorohinoloni

Fluorochinoloni show a high efficiency in case of early infections and localizations. Fluorochinoloni is a combination of antibiotics, which can compete with B-lactam drugs.

The last generation drugs - levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin - with rice some є adjustments to the infusion on the pneumonia pathogen.

carbapenemi

Carbapenemi is a group of antibiotics that can be classified as B-lactams. A number of drugs, as a rule, are used with reserve drugs, but in especially important drops form the basis of therapy. Carbapenemia stagnates іn'ktsіyno through low moisture content in the shlunk, albeit good biological accessibility and wide growth in the body.

A number of unwanted reactions i side reactions time for the effectiveness of antibiotics. Carbapenemi must be taken under the strict control of a doctor comrade K. From every kind of change in the patient's self-respect, it is guilt-ridden to be respected by an elite likar.

penicilini

Antibiotics penicilin series - bactericidal B-lactams. It is not recommended to live the penicillin at once with other antibiotics. Most of the antibiotics in the penicilin series are injected only in one way through the great risk of the preparation in the sour middle of the slurry.

Yak want to bring the girl to orgasm?

It is no secret that more than 50% of women do not experience orgasm before having sex, and even more strongly in terms of dignity, as well as in terms of proprietary statute. Є If you don't have a few ways to bring your affiliate program to orgasm. Axis of the most effective:

Enhance your potential. Allowing the continuation of the statutory act of decile chilin, at least until a year, encouraging the woman's sensitivity to food and allowing her to see it as hard and tricky orgasms.
Vivchennya and storing new positions. Non-transfer of women to the family.
It’s also not easy to forget about іnshі sensitive points on the woman's day. The first of them is the G-point.

You can find out the secrets of unforgettable sex on the sides of our portal.

Deyakі drugs penicilіnu already lost their effectiveness and on the current day not to be vicious by the clinicians for the reason of their feverishness in relation to certain types of bacteria, but the therapy was mistaken before they were anti-sensitive.

When you get sick, do antibiotics fluorochinoloni get stuck?

The spectrum of ailments when antibiotics of a group of fluorochinolones of the offensive become stagnant:

Sepsis.
Gonorrhea.
Prostatitis.
Infectious diseases of the family of nobles and organs of the small pelvis.
Intestinal infections.
Infections of the upper and lower spiritual nobles.
Meningit.
Sibirska Virazka.
Tuberculosis.
Infections in patients with diagnosed cystic fibrosis.
Widely stagnate preparations based on fluorochinolones in case of illnesses of the eyes, which are caused by:

A high level of penetration of the drug into the fabric is necessary to wind through the unshkodzhena horn.

Therapeutically significant concentration can be reached through a splinter of quiline during muscular stasis.

The congestion of fluorocholine is indicated in case of early infections of the capital, conjunctiva, sickness of the horny disease, as well as in the prevention of mechanical injuries and surgical involvement.

Prototypes before the intake of fluoroquinolones can be susceptible to allergic reactions, vaginitis and lactation, and childish and adulthood.

Fluoroquinoloni is mainly used in patients with a liver and because of a reduced function of a liver or liver disease, the dose of the drug can be squeezed.

For one more dreadful ailment, for a little one they take thousands of lives, pneumonia gets in. Bacteria-pathogens become ill with the use of traditional antibiotic drugs;

Early generation of fluorochinolones did not give a good result due to the weak natural activity of pneumococcus, the main cause of pneumonia. A quarter of a generation of fluoride chinolon is effective against pneumonia, and zokrem, the drug levofloxacin, which is used in two forms for intravenous administration and oral implantation.

Sparfloxacin is used only in the form of tablets and is not less effective in antibacterial therapy. Unimportant for the significant amount of cinnamon, the preparation of drugs is used in a number of side effects associated with them:

Quite an increase in the sensitivity of the school to ultraviolet.
snake heart rhythm, Yake is drawn to arrhythmia.
I will look at the factor of the preparation in case of guilt detection during the retinal analysis of corystic and junior risiks.

In case of elimination of urogenital infections, infection with trash, it is recognized as fluoroquinolones in tandem with macrolides. Macrolide may exhibit anti-chlamydial activity, the most vidomias and often stagnate in a series of the drug erithromycin. The triviality of therapy with erithromycin, as a rule, becomes one or two.

Fluorochinoloni may have less activity in terms of treatment to clutter, but it is obvious that they cope with infections, gonorrhea, small cocci and sticks, which are shown when complex therapy... It is also spilno drugs to a number of fluoroquinolones and macrolides are recognized in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis. The therapy by stretching the month led to visible results - a significant reduction in symptoms and improvement of blood analysis.

Preparations (antibiotics) of the group of chinoloniv / fluorochinoloniv - description, classification, generation

The fluorine loneliness is distributed on a few generations and on the skin of a generation of antibiotics, the strongest for the next.

pipemidinic acid;
oxolinic acid;
nalidixic acid.

The modern antibiotics are great for the little ones, inodi navit deadly ills Allegedly, at the price of the stench, you can make yourself feel respectable and safeguard and do not forgive lightness. In any case, the patient is not guilty of engaging in antibiotic therapy on his own, ignorance of the subtlety of the drug taken can lead to deplorable inheritances.

Antibiotics - the price of singing discipline - the interval between the intake of certain drugs is strictly the same, as well as the anti-alcoholic activity, obviously, carries in itself some discomfort, albeit not healthy.

For food sp_vpratsi send for an e-mail:

Copying material can only be done with active contributions to the site.

For a crazy satisfaction of a woman, once in a while, we recommend ...

Details about the antibiotics fluorochinoloni and name the drug

The rapid rhythm of life will weaken the immunity of the people, and the sickness of infectious ailments muddy and become resistant to the main chemicals in the penicillin class.

See through the irrational uncontrolled implantation and non-writing of the population in the food of the medical character.

The appearance of the middle of the last century - fluoroholoni - allows you to successfully cope with some of the most important ailments with minimal negative inheritances for the body. A bunch of everyday life skills are turned on before the life is necessary.

Fluorochinoloni antibiotics: name the drug, їkh diya and analogs

On the other hand, see the table below for more information on the effectiveness of antibacterial agents. All alternatives are indicated in the columns trade name hinoloniv.

diyu and specialties

The peculiarities of the chemistry budov and diyuchy speech were not allowed to reach the end of the fluoroquinolone series, and only from the pills were used. The current pharmaceutical industry proposes solid vibrations of drops, ointments and other types of antimicrobial agents.

Antibiotics of the group of fluorochinolones

They are presented as complex anti-microbial drugs, highly active both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (so there is a wide range of titles). Antibiotics in the strict sense of the word are not є, splinters are used by the method of chemical synthesis. Ale, do not marvel at the visibility in the structure, the appearance and the visibility of natural analogies, insured to them by their authorities:

The visoka is bactericidal and bacteriostatic efficiency, accompanied by a specific mechanism: a decrease in the enzyme DNA-hyrase of pathogenic microorganisms is indicated, which leads to a change in development.
The widest spectrum of antimicrobial activity: the stench of activity in relation to the rate of up to large gram-negative and positive (including anaerobic) bacteria, microplasm and chlamydia.
Visoka bioavailability. Dіyuchі speeches in sufficient concentration penetrate into the tissues of the body, without the need for a straining therapeutic effect.
Trivially periodically, apparently, po-antibiotic injected. The staff of the authorities of the fluoroholoni can be accepted not more than two times for the doba.
The problem has not been reversed in the relief of hospital, as well as post-mortem systemic infections of any degree of severity.
Good tolerance, pummeled with a weak variability of side manifestations.

Systematized data on chemotherapy at the display of indications in chemistry Budov and the spectrum of anti-microbial activity.

Classification: chotiri generation

There is no single suvor systematization of chemical preparations in this species. There is a stench behind the material formation and a small amount of fluorine atoms in molecules on mono-, di-and trifluoro-chinoloni, as well as respiratory diseases and fluorine.

In the process of up to 4 generations of antibiotics, chinoloniv buli, 4 generations of drugs. kost_v.

non-fluorinated chinoloni

Prior to them, Negram, Nevigramon, Gramurin and Palin are mentioned, based on nalidixic, pipemidic and oxolinic acids. Antibiotics of the chinolone series є chemical preparations of choice in the therapy of bacterial fumes of secular nobles, so that they can reach the maximum concentration, so as to be able to live in an inviolable vigil.

Effectively against salmonel, shigel, klebsil and other eneterobacteria, they penetrate the tissue protestably, but do not allow vikoristovuvati chinoloni for systemic antibiotic therapy, surrounded by a number of intestinal pathologies.

Koki, sinyogniina stick that is all anaerobic resistant. In addition, the number of recurrent side effects in the presence of anemia, dyspepsia, cytopenia and high pressure to the liver and nyrka (patients with diagnosed pathologies of the cytoplasm) is indicated.

Gram

Mayzhe two ten years of experience and experiments led to the establishment of fluorohinolones of another generation.

First buv Norfloxacin, removal as a result of attaching an atom to fluorine to a molecule (in 6 positions). The health of penetration into the body, accessible to the increased concentration in the tissues, allowed the vicoristovuvati for the treatment of systemic infections, provoked by the golden staphylococcus, the gram-microorganisms and decimates of the gram.

Incidentally, there are innumerable fewer effects, so they can be tolerated by patients.

respirator

This is what I will call the class, having renounced the high efficiency against the ailments of the lower and upper dichny nobles. Bactericidal activity on the basis of resistance to resistant (up to penicillin and old) pneumococci is a guarantee of successful treatment of sinusitis, firing legends and bronchitis in the stage of aggravation. Medical practitioners use Levofloxacin (Levofloxacin), Sparfloxacin and Temafloxacin.

Їх accessibility to become 100%, so that it is possible to successfully eliminate infectious diseases of any seriousness.

Respiratory Anti-Aerobic

Moxifloxacin (Avelox) і Hemіfloxacin is characterized by the same bactericidal effect, as well as a fluoroquinolone chemotherapy in the anterior group.

Attract life of persistent to penicillin and macrolide pneumococci, anaerobic and atypical bacteria (chlamydia and microplasm). Effective in case of infarction of the lower and upper dichal paths, firing soft fabrics and shkirny cover.

There are also Grepofloxatsin, Klinofloxatsin, Trovafloxatsin and deyaki inshi. However, in the course of clinical tests, toxicity was revealed and, apparently, there is a great number of side effects. That means naming boules from the market and in medical practice for the current day does not get used.

History history

Shlyakh to otrimannya current highly effective drugs in the class of fluorohinolones buv to complete dovgim.

Everything was recovered in 1962, when nalidixic acid was removed from chloroquine (antimalarial speech).

The results of the test showed the same bioactivity of gram-negative bacteria.

The moisture content in the herbal tract seemed to be low, but it did not allow nalidixic acid to be used for the treatment of systemic infections. Protest, the drug reached high concentrations on the stage of vivedennya to the body, and why it became stasis for the treatment of the sechostatic spheres and some infectious diseases of the intestine. Acid did not remove a wide range of vikorystannya in the class, so that in pathogenic microorganisms it quickly developed to no resistance.

Nalidiksova, eliminating trochas from less than pemidinic and oxolinic acids, as well as medications based on these bases (Rozoksatsin, Tsinoksatsin and іnshi) - antibiotics of chinoloni. Їх low efficiency was the reason for the graduates to continue until the end of the day, and in the majority of other options. As a result of numerical preliminaries in 1978, the introduction of the fluorine atom to the chinolone molecule in the synthesis of Norfloxacin was carried out. Its bactericidal activity and bioavailability have protected the wider sphere of implantation, and in all serious cases, it has been attributed to the prospects of fluorochinoxycholone and to the best of its ability.

In the 1980s, there were no problems, 30 of them went through clinical tests, and 12 were widely practiced in medical practice.

Zasosuvannya by field of medicine

Low anti-microbial activity and a wide range of other medicines of the first generation have now surrounded the area for the treatment of fluoro-chinolones with urological and intestinal bacterial infections.

The protectors of the boxes made it possible to eliminate highly effective drugs that compete with antibacterial drugs of the penicilin series and macrolides. The current fluorine respiratory formulas have known their place in the most advanced areas of medicine:

gastroenterology

Inflammation of the lower intestinal tract infections, infections with enterobacteria, and nevigramon have been successfully eliminated.

In the world of the branch of the larger group, active against the great bacillus, the sphere of stagnation has expanded.

PRODUCTS | gynecology

The activity of anti-microbial tablets of the fluoroquinolone series in the fight against women with abnormalities (especially atypical ones) will improve the success of chemotherapy in infections, which are transmitted by the state of the disease (such as mycoplasmosis), such as gonozoa.

Bacterial vaginosis in females caused by strains resistant to peniciline may be susceptible to systemic and muscular use.

dermatology

Failure and deterioration of the efficiency of epiderma, infection with staphylococcus and mycobacterium, elimination of drugs in the class (sparfloxacin).

The stench of vikoristovytsya yak systemically (tablets, ін'єкції), as well as for muscular consumption.

Otolaryngology

Chemistry of the third generation, highly effective against a large number of pathogenic bacilli, is widely used for therapy of ENT organs. The inflammation of the nasal sinuses (sinusitis) can be quickly stopped by levofloxacin and its analogs.

Iakshcho obhvoryuvannya viklikana resistant to a large amount of fluorochinolones strains of microorganisms, partially vikoristovuvati Moxi-or Gemifloxacin.

Ophthalmology

To reach a trivial hour, we do not go into the limitation of the stable chemical spoluks, which are suitable for the development of the native lykarsk forms. The process has accelerated the treatment of fluoroquinolones in the quality of the diseases of the muscular supply. However, with the help of a dodatkogo thoroughly detailed formulas, the ointment and ointment dots were removed into the distance.

Lomefloxacin, Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin are indicated for the treatment of conjunctivitis, keratitis, and for the prevention of acute inflammation.

pulmonology

Fluoroquinolone tablets and іnshі lykarski formі, called respiratory form, visibly manifest themselves in stopping the inflammation of the lower and upper dical paths, wicked by pneumococci. In case of infection with strains that are resistant to macrolides and deceased penicilin, Gemifloxacin and Moxifloxacin are susceptible. The stench is characterized by low toxicity and good tolerance. Lomefloxacin and Sparfloxacin are successfully treated in complex chemotherapy for tuberculosis. Ostanniy, however, often for some wikklicks of negative inheritance (photodermatity).

Urology and Nephrology

Fluorochinoloni є with Vibor preparations in borotba z infectious ailments sesovivіdnoї systems. Smell it is effective to cope with both gram-positive and gram-negative zabudniki, including those that are resistant to the number of antibacterial groups.

On the basis of antibiotics in the chinolone series, the next generation is not toxic. Oscillations of the side effects are slightly affected, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin are well tolerated by patients. It is used in the form of tablets and rozchiniv for ін'єкцій.

therapy

Like and whether antibacterial drugs, chemical preparations of the group will help you protect yourself for the signs of a drug. Assume that you can only get a good dose of the dose and the triviality of the course. Independence in vibration and hygiene is unacceptable here.

showing

The positive result of antibiotic therapy is abundant in why correct value zbudnik. Fluorochinoloni is highly active and aggressive pathogenic microflori:

Gramnegative - golden staphylococ, Yesherikh, Shigel, Chlamid, Siberian Virazka, blue-glazed sticks and others.
Gram-positive - streptococcus, clostridium, legionel and others.
Mycobacterium, including tuberculous sticks.

Such a developmental antibacterial activity is applied to a widespread implantation in the very different fields of medicine. FTORHІNOLONOVIH medicines uspіshno lіkuyutsya іnfektsії sechostatevoї spherical, venerichnі zahvoryuvannya, pnevmonії (in addition chislі atipovі) zagostrennya hronіchnih bronhіtіv, broken-winded navkolonosovih sinuses oftalmologіchnі hvorobi bakterіalnogo genesis, osteomієlіt, enterokolіti, glibokі poshkodzhennya shkіrnih pokrivіv scho suprovodzhuyutsya nagnoєnnyam.

The disease has spilled over, so the therapy with fluorochinolones is even greater. In addition, the drugs are optimal in terms of ineffectiveness of penicillin and macrolides, as well as in case of important forms of resistance.

Prototype

Schob antibiotic therapy brought viciously cinnamon, followed by obov'yazkovo vrahovuvati contraindicated to this group of chemotherapy drugs. Nalidiksova and oxolinic acids and toxic for nirok and, apparently, fencing before being consumed by people nirk deficiency... More current medications can be very strict.

FLUORHINOLONOVICH a number of antibiotics volodya teratogenic infusion (vicious mutations and malformations of intrauterine development), in connection with the intrusion for an hour of vaginosity. In the period of lactation, it is possible to provoke dzhereltsya and hydrocephalus in a newborn vibukhne.

Children of a young and middle age, given the incessant chemotherapy drugs, develop a growth of cysts, so the stench may be indicative of only an extreme drop (if the therapeutic cinnamon is overwhelming for a school). In a person who is sick, the tendon grows rizik. In addition, it is not recommended to implant a group of anti-microbial tablets with diagnosed sudominal syndrome.

Why don't you get your own body into an unjustifiable shkodi, then suvoro gettrimuvatisya with likarsky attributions and do not engage in self-incrimination!

On our website, you can learn about a large group of antibiotics, in the list to include before them drugs, classifications, history and important information. For the whole, the section "Classification" has been added to the top menu of the site.

Donate your health to professionals! Sign up for a reception before a small license at your place right at once!

A good drug is a wide range of problems, which primed on your symptoms, put a correct diagnosis and indicate an effective treatment. On our portal, you can vibrate your favorites from the best clients of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan and other cities of Russia and get a discount of up to 65% for the profit.

* Pressing a button will lead you to the special site of the site with a form of joke and write down to send you a profile.

* Available places: Moscow and region, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Samara, Perm, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa, Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don, Chelyabinsk, Voronezh, Izhevsk

You can also be honored

Sulfanilamidi - a list of drugs, shown before the end of the day, allergy

Learn about the current classification of antibiotics by group of parameters

Maybut has already arrived: a list of new antibiotics in a wide range of activities

Dodati comment Skasuvati view

Popular statistics

List of over-the-counter antibiotics + reasons for the fence

In the forties rock of the last century, people have lost their strength to fight against the deadly unsafe infections... Antibiotics were sold without prescriptions and allowed

They are synthetic anti-microbial substances, which replace the peperazine cycle in the position of the 7 quinolone nucleus, or substitute the peperazine cycle, and in the position 6 - the fluorine atom.

The preparation of buli stems in the course of the treatment of older chinolones (div. Nalidixova acid). The result is that the structure of the fluorine atom is added to the chinolone, but it has an antibacterial effect on the drug. On the current day of fluorochinolonia, one of the most active chemotherapeutic agents, by virtue of the strength of those who do not go to the most needed antibiotics.

Naybіlsh prescіlno prescribes the preparation of the whole group for such important infections as sepsis, peritonitis, menіngіt, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis and іn. Fluoro-chinoloni is also indicated for infections of the secular paths, the intestinal tract, shkiri and soft tissues, cysts and loams.

Classification of fluorochinolones

Існ кілька clasifіkatsіy fluorohіnolonіv. One of them, all fluorine-containing fluorine is added for a number of fluorine atoms:

Containing 1 fluorine atom: ⁎ ciprofloxacin (tsiprobay, tsiprolet); ⁎ pefloxacin (abactal, pelox); ⁎ ofloxacin (tarivid, zanotsid); ⁎ norfloxacin (nomitsin, nolicin); ⁎ Lomefloxacin (maxaquin, xenaquin). Containing 2 fluorine atoms: ⁎ levofloxacin (tavanic); ⁎ sparfloxacin (Sparflo). Containing 3 fluorine atoms: ⁎ moxifloxacin (avelox); ⁎ gatifloxacin; ⁎ hemifloxacin; ⁎ nadifloxacin.

According to the classification (according to Quintilliani R. and spivavt., 1999)

Fluorochinoloni I generation (nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, pipemidinic acid).
Fluorochinoloni II generation (lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin).
fluorohinoloni III generation(Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin).
Fluorochinoloni IV generation (moxifloxacin).

Mechanism of antimicrobial activity of fluorochinolones

Among the various synthetic antibacterials in fluoroquinolonium there is the widest range of antibacterial activity. The stench of active gram-positive and gram-negative cox, intestinal stick, Salmonel, Shigel, Protea, Klebsil, Helicobacterium, Synognious sticks. Oremi preparations(Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin) for mycobacterium tuberculosis and can be used in combination therapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis (div. Lykarska stiffness for tuberculosis).

Before fluoroquinolones are not sensitive spirochetes, lysters and most anaerobes. Fluoroholoni is active on extracellular and intracellularly localized microorganisms. The resistance of microflori to fluoroquinolones develops fairly frequently.

The antimicrobial activity of fluorochinolones is based on the blockade of two vital enzymes in bacterial cells: DNA-hyrase (type II toioisomerase) and type IV topoisomerase. For a pinkie biological roles The number of enzymes must be guessed that the DNA of the prokaryotes is a double-stranded ring-closed structure, which can be transformed into the cytoplasm of the cell. The two strands of the DNA molecule are covalently tied between themselves behind the additional water-to-air ties and are packed inside the spinal structure. With the singing minds, the DNA strands can twist and rise. The causes of this phenomenon can be both physiological and pathological: the synthesis of an RNA molecule on a DNA matrix, which involves exogenous factors, radiation, mutations and inn. Preservation and updating of DNA structure will help topoisomerase. In the case of a whole topoisomerase IV type, there is an additional covalent dithering of DNA strands and directing shortcomings in the molecule. DNA-gyrase is an enzyme that can also be added to the class of topoisomerases and without super-spiralization, the spiral-shaped structure of DNA is stored in a highly packed manner.

For the butt: the diameter of the intestine stick should become 1 nm, with a total amount of DNA in the open view of the door 1000 nm. Naturally, it’s even harder to grow up in a clit. Thus, DNA-lyse and topoisomerase IV type will prevent the processes necessary for the normal functioning of the bacterial cell and the improvement of the stability of the cell structures. Disruption of the function of cich enzyme systems to produce until the DNA molecule is twisted, yak sirnius view. The cell in such minds cannot be, apoptosis is activated, and won’t.

Selected effects of fluorochinolones

The vibration of the antimicrobial activity of fluorochinolones is associated with this type of macroorganism in cells. However, from a close look at the structural and functional spore of the enzyme systems of cells of procaryotes and eucarotes, fluorochinocytes often consume their vibrancy of the process and the ability of cells to reduce macroorganism, reduce the number of cells. To the rest of the report: phototoxicity, deterioration of the development of cartilage tissue, culturing, inflammation of the metabolism of theophylline and the growth of the concentration in the blood.

I will look at the designated arthrotoxicity of fluorocholinium against the indications of vaginal and children, as it can be a deterioration in the formation of the skeleton in children. Їх slid with the protection of combinuvati with the lykarskiy zasobami, For example, fluoroquinoloni є ingibitors cytochrome P₄₅₀.

In addition, the drugs can reduce the blood picture, dyspeptic and allergic reactions, neurological problems. At the connection with the chim, the fluoroquinolones are enclosed.

dzherela:
1. Lectures on pharmacology for food medical and pharmaceutical education / V.М. Bryukhanov, J.F. Zvєrєv, V.V. Lampatov, A.Yu. Zharikov, O.S. Talalaeva - Barnaul: Spektr view, 2014.
2. Pharmacology with recipe / Gayv M.D., Petrov V.I., Gajova L.M., Davidov V.S., - M .: IKTs Berezen, 2007.