Yak pratsuyut legenii - a dykhal system of people. Organi dihannya.

Small. 177. internal budov lung.



Small. 178. Budova of the Legendary Pukhirts.

Near the cutaneous lung zakritiya pleural mіshok - pleural emptying, so to avenge a small number of pleural rіdini.

Organizationally easy to be middle(Heart, great judges, stravohid and іn. Organi). In front, behind and on the side, the skin is easier to stick to the inner surface breast cancer.

nasopharynx

At the nasal empty ones, there are capillary hemlines. We are also known to be rich in lymphatic tissue, which is centralized in the migdalena. Behind the vinyat of voices, the larynx is whistled by the bagatoread cylindrical epithelium from the wines. The larynx has cartilage. Great cartilage and a part of the cartilage aritenoid are stored from hyalin cartilage. Small pieces of elastic cartilage. The epiglottis, which is the form of elastic cartilage, enters the larynx of the cartilage. Wien the coating with a ball-shaped tile, so that there is no need for an epithelium, which turns into a ball-shaped cylindrical epithelium from the base to the base.

per form lighter nagaduє cone with one flattened side and rounded top (Fig. 177, 178).

To be on the flattened middle of the sides lung gate Through the lungs, enter the head bronchus, the Legendary artery, the nerves and enter the Legendary veni and the lymphatic judgment. Bronchi, Judge and Nerve Confirm root of the lung.

The trachea is a tube of the head, close to 12 cm, and is virulent in cylindrical epithelium with various types. Legeneva development is added to the list of stages. Easy to see yak endocrine zloza. Bronchi and bronchiole are formed, and there is no energy left.

Fetal lungs in the tubular stage. Over the course of an hour, the epithelial cells are differentiated, and the surface-active speech starts to go viral. right legend to be stored in three lots, and there is evil from them. The trachea is divided into two areas of the bronchial tubes in the area of ​​bifurcation, which are used in the legacy on the legacy pagorbi. The main bronchus extends into the lobar bronchus - three on the right and two on the left. Thermal bronchial tubes are distributed by 2 or more respiratory bronchial tubes, which are further extended to the alveoli of the lungs.

It is easier to skin to last for a long time - parcels... The right legend has 3 chapters, the left has 2. Liva the legend is on the front edge of the heart.

Parts of the lung are stored for segments... Dilianka of the lung, insidiously from the contiguous connective tissue projectiles, passing through them by the veins, is called the bronchogenic segment. The segment includes the bronchus of the III order and the leg of the leg artery. Skin lesions have 10 segments.

You will eat alveoli and alveoli in the saccule. For an hour, the structure of the bronchial stiffness is gradually forgiven - cartilage, smooth muscles and elastic fibers shrink. The great bronchus is stored in the bagate-eating cylindrical epithelium from the vies.

Spinal ring to take revenge lymphatic universities... A small bronchus also has a large-stringy cylindrical epithelium with vii. Porіvyannі with great bronchi they have less than a cup size. Bronchioles with a diameter of less than 1 mm are re-planted with bagate-riddled cylindrical epithelium with types. Have a wall of mute cartilage abo zaloz. Isnuє without elastic fibers and smooth joints. Bronchial papules in endsevic bronchial tubes, the structure of which step by step changes from a bagate-eating cylindrical food to a single-layer cylindrical food, which is to avenge Clara's cells.



Small. 179. Exchange of gases in legends and fabrics.

Segments made legendary small pieces, The number of those in the skin segment is close to 80. At the top of the lobule there is a lobular bronchus, which grows into 3-7 endovian bronchioles. Kіntsevі bronchіoli are distributed on dichal bronchіoli. Dichal bronchioles pass into the alveolar walk, on the walls of some microscopic bulbs - alveoli.

The cells produce a secret, bagatu with specific bottles, which will keep the space between them. For the most part, aldeuli are seen, saccular alveoli and alveoli themselves. An electronic microscope reads flat types of pneumocytes and large pneumocytes to the type of surface-active speech.

The superficially active speech is a bagatu of a white ridin, which is covered with phospholipids, which can be repaired during the week of vaginosity. The price of changing the surface tension on the border of the bed of the bed in the alveoli, by itself, changes the strength, as the dichotomy is given for the lungs. It is possible to say that the alveolar collapse is found. The maturity and sufficient coverage of the surface-active speech is a major factor in the vision of early newborns.

The alveoli may look like an open bulb, the inner surface of the bulb is covered with a single-ball flat adapter lying on the main membrane. Before her, lie down to cover the alveoli of the blood-bearing capillaries. In both legends people є 600-700 million. Alveoli.

Structural and functional unit of the legend є acinus... It is stored from the end bronchial tubes and the alveolar passages from the alveoli, so that gas exchange occurs (Fig. 179).

The old surface-active speech can be accelerated by the internal introduction of glucocorticoids in the mother before the hour of the inevitable before the hour. From the functional point of view, the price of the structure in the alveolar septum. The staff of the ts'm bar'er of gas and blood changes.

Kisen pass from the alveoli into the roof and carbon dioxide gas, anti-blood from the blood. Preparation of blood vessels in an electronic microscope. The basal membrane, pneumocytes type and capillary endothelial cells become vicious. The dark structure below is majestic - the erythrocyte in the capillary.

Food for self-control

  1. Yaku budov to disguise the organization of the mental system?
  2. Yaku Budov can’t do it?
  3. What are the functions of the organization?
  4. Will Yaku Budov have an empty nose?
  5. What to see in the empty nose?
  6. Yaku budov has a larynx?
  7. How much cartilage does the larynx fit?
  8. What are the functions of the vicon's larynx?
  9. Yaku budovu maє trachea?
  10. Yaku budov's bronchi?
  11. Is it a bronchial tree?
  12. Yaku Budov's lungs?
  13. What is the structural unit of the legend?
  14. Yaku budov has an alveolus?

The key words are those "Dyhal system"

Blood circulation є functional and live in the lungs. functional representations legendary arteries and veins. Living bronchial arteries. Pleura is stored in two leaves - temporal and visceral. The sheet is insulated from a fibrous ball, to avenge collagen and elastic fibers. Tsey z'єnuvalniy ball covered with mesothelium. There is a pleural pleura pleural emptying with the minimum of a line to lighten the lungs with dichanna.

Sub-chapter author: Martina Shaydikova and Lyusia Novakova. With the first dot we come in the light of the last vidih. Kisen goes by the way of dichannia, dikhannya allows dichal systems. From the dichal systems and kissen are transferred to the circulatory system and to transfer it to the cells. Organizational systems and distribute on the upper and lower dikhalnyh nobles.

  • alveoli of legends
  • alveolar walk
  • acinus
  • bifurcation
  • bronchi
  • bronchial tree
  • bronchioles
  • sinus infections
  • whispering to the voice
  • gas exchange
  • voice schilina
  • voice apparatus
  • voice calls
  • larynx
  • chest wall
  • brisket
  • diffusion
  • parts of the lung
  • lobes of the lung
  • dichny tube
  • dickheads
  • wedge-shaped cartilage
  • root of the lung
  • lungs
  • Legeneva artery
  • blinking
  • epiglottis
  • nizdrі
  • nasal shells
  • noses go
  • nasopharynx
  • scent receptors
  • organ dichannya
  • finger cartilage
  • pleura
  • pleural ridina
  • pid'yazikova list
  • empty nose
  • pivkiltsya
  • before the day of the larynx
  • links
  • segments of the lung
  • sertseva virizka
  • serosa
  • mucous membrane
  • middle
  • timbre to voice
  • trachea
  • hoani
  • scooped cartilage
  • shiyny ridge
  • thyroid cartilage

1.3. Lungs.

nasal i Rotova empty- chains, through which they penetrate the muslin into the dust, into the emptying of the nose and hair, as to catch bacteria and viruses, for that we are more beautiful than dichati through nis. M'yaka pidloga - in the back of the empty company there is a pelustka, which can be seen when it is turned into an empty place. Empty noses - empty ones in boxes near the nose.

Nasal and shiyny migdal is stored from lymphatic tissue, like swelling and entrapment from infection, if it lays down vukho, not a throat. If the stench becomes chronically swollen, it is necessary to see it. Larinx is a tube, like a nasopharynx and trachea.

Easy rosetting in the chest empty. Stored in a part - in the right legend there are three parts, in the left - two parts. The basis of the lungs is made up of the bronchi and bronchial tubes, which pass into the alveolar cavity through the alveoli. The diameter of the twisting tubes gradually changes. The number of bronchial tubes found will end in grons of thin Legendary pukhirts, remembered by the superiors. (Fig 4)

Pilnosti - two of the water growth, as it comes close one to one, as they say, and in addition to them vuzka schilina. Naymensha shchilinu, tim vische sound. Vibuchs for children are stored in total 6 mm, women 20 mm and heads 30 mm. The trachea is a tube that can be repaired in the larynx and divided into two bronchi. Lungs - lungs - two soft spongy bellows, loose in the chest empty, which are stored from the bronchial tubes, bronchial tubes, legacy puffy and legeney clines. The right legacy has 3 pelusts and is deprived of 2 parts.

Bronchial tract - the stench is produced to correct and livim the lungs, the stench goes to the bronchi. Bronchi - tse thin tubes, the most delicate of the є legeny pukhirtsi. Legendary mice - are built from the legendary clitins. Legendary passed - get a change to gas, from the mental system to the blood. We have 300 million alveoli in the legends.

Rice 4. Legeny bulbs. (Scheme).

Їx walls are set with one ball of epithelial cells and densely wrapped around a net of capillaries. Epithelialnye klitini bulbashok see biologically active speeches, as at the viglyadi of the thin plots whistling internal surface... Tsya plivka pіdtrimu postіyny volume of pukhirtsіv and doesn’t let it get confused. Besides, the speeches of the fish are known to be microorganisms, which penetrate into the legends of the witnesses. "Vidpratsovana" vivodka vivodit through repetitive paths at the viglyadi harkotinnya or "overtravel" legene phagocytes.

Diaphragm - m'yaz, how to collapse through the legends. M'yazi intercooler - m'yazi, through yaki m'mogo dikhati. Dikhannya Dikhannya will provide all the clients with a smooth flow of sourness, which we need, will give glucose and the energy itself. Dikhannya is controlled from the extended spinal cord on the lower part of the brain.

Dikhannya is the transfer of gases: between legacy cells and blood, and blood and tissue. Dikhannya dalі pіdrozdіlyaєtsya on: nathnennya for vidihu. Dikhannya allows us to allow diaphragms and mid-spine muzzles to move the lungs. The diaphragm of the inter-junction joints is taken up. the grip of the lung changes and reminds the twists.

With ignited legends, tuberculosis and other legends Infectious diseases The fish can get pissed, the legendary chicks can get angry and can't take a part in the gas exchange. The chickens pukhirtsi will lose their elasticity and the healthiness will be cleaned, the pouches will be harder to remove cigarettes. More and more, intense energy during physical robots and being busy with sports, taking advantage of the latest swimming, which whispered the legenevs. Legendary pukhirtsi set the mouth of the masu, yak formє the legend. It is easy to zapovnyuyut all chest empty, behind a vignette of a mischief, occupied by the heart, blood-bearing vessels, wanderings and stravohods. In the cutaneous lung there are 300 - 350 million. Legendary chicks, whose zagalny surface is 100 m2, which is approximately 75 times larger than the surface of the grain.

The diaphragm is guided through the mid-spine joints with a decreasing grip, pushing the grip into the atmosphere. Frequency of impairment The normal frequency of impairment is to become 16 impulses per sickness, while one of them will be replaced by one half of an hour, so that 8 years of exposure to sickness is expected. Newborn dichaє from 40 to 50 times per chilin.

Yak kissen was consumed in the shelter. Kisen comes into the roof through the legnevian pidval, when you see the blood-bearing capillary hedgehog. Oskilki dikhannya penetrates into the capillaries through the walls of the doors, thinner than the paperwork, it penetrates into the roof. Carbon dioxide gas escapes from the front right from the blood to the lungs, from where it gets stuck.

Name the skin legend in a smooth, shining shell of with good fabrics- Legendary pleurora. The inner wall of the thoracic empty space is whitened by the parietal pleurora. There is a tight pleural empty space between them, and it’s impossible to take revenge. To that, they are lightly squeezed to the wall of the breast emptying and those who are going to change for the squeezing of the breast emptying.

Legenevius p_dval Legenevius p_dval Fig. 6: Fig. 7. Allergy - a reaction to actions of speech. Naybіlsh widening allergens є mice in a house saw, file, wort forms, sputum comas, head rank bjoli and axes. Numerical groups - food allergens and leaks. The ailment is manifested by a swollen nose, ochima and rhinitis. Angina pectoris is widened: sore throat, difficulty in working out, hoarseness, cough, heart condition, soreness and tonsillitis. Headache, throat beat, chills and fever.

Classical treatment: antibiotics and analgesics. Alveolitis - inflamed legends, often allergic to drank. The sound of the bronchus is vicious to the speedy smooth muzzles of the bronchial wall, to the enlargement of the mucous membrane of the mucous membranes. The resultant zadishka can be manifested by a raptor cob of zadishka or a bagatorazym viprobvannyam important dichanna. Asthmatic symptoms are accompanied by an even more aggressive cough, in the main at night or by coughing due to stress, in stressful situations.

II... Gas exchange in legends and fabrics.

2.1. Dikhalny rohu.

Into and see them rhythmically change one by one, without preserving the passage through the legends, through the ventilation. (Fig. 5) The vidih ​​and vidih ​​are regulated by a dichal center dovgastomuzku... At the dical center, pulses are rhythmically detected, as the nerves transmit intercostal muses and diaphragms, wicked and fast. Ribs are pulled, diaphragm for the quickening її

Tse can be a viclikano allergy, a trigger factor can be viral infection, Physical stress, mental stress, cold dry food, cold, dry food. Asbestosis - Legenev cicatricial, wiclicane inhalation of asbestos fibers. Tse wiklikak zadishku and in a kintsev pіdstіku to bring to death. The reason for burning most often is virusna abo bacterial infection... Firing can be done one-time, because we are talking about the state of bronchitis. However, as bronchitis recurs and it becomes more practical to develop in intensity, we are talking about chronic bronchitis.


Rice 5. Vidih i vidih.

m'yazіv stє mayzhe flat. Obsyag of the breast empties grows. Easy to follow the rucks of the breast. Vidbuvaatsya vidh. Because of the mid-ribbed muscles and the diaphragms, the diaphragms relax, the volume of the empty breast changes, the legends clutch and grow out. Vidbuvaєatsya vidikh.

Gostriy bronchitis - the ailment is wider, especially in winter months, and will grow back to heal without inheritance. Emfіzema is an important zadishka, a wickedness to the poses of legends. Hemotarac - accumulation of blood in the chest empty between ribs and lungs, suffering from trauma. Tse manifests itself with great pain and zadishka. Flu is an infectious virus of ailment. Symptoms may range from 1 to 4 days after infection. symptoms: head bill, At the same time, pains in myases and slopes, rubbish, cough and undead, slurry, blues, fever, fever and fever.

With an admirable calmness, a man has grown up to rob approximately 16 dykhalnye rukhiv in 1 chilin. In a nasty, pricked person, the frequency of dichotomous debris grows 2 or more times. Tse vidbuvaєtsya to that scho nerves the dichny center is sensitive to carbon dioxide, so that it can take revenge in the blood. As soon as one bit of it in the blood grows, in the dical center it will be possible to stimulate and nerve impulses expand along the nerves to the dysfunctional muzzles. As a result, the frequency and the glybin of dyshlichny collapses increase. In such a rank, dykhalny ruhu it is regulated by a nervous and humoral path.

Legeneviy nabryak is an important zadishka, viclikana in rіdinoyu in legends. Pneumoconiosis is an important factor in the development of legends in girniks, in the absence of scarring of the genital clines when inhaling with a saw. Pneumothorax - bile in the breasts and backwardness through the manifestation of the chest emptying between the light and ribs. Filling the nasal emptying of the nose - burning the mucous membrane, like the grip of the empty space in the individual, like you want to take revenge on the bad. Most cases of sinusitis are injected on the forehead and maxillary emptying. Empty slime blocked.

Legeneva zapalennya - price zapalennya fabrics and legends... The honor of the legendary fabric can permeate the whole part, or more, or more often - less volume of legends. From three to six rocky children there are so-called child ailments, the middle of the most widened bark, a little bit of a pig and a pig.

More sourness is needed by a growing organism, besides, it is more sour tissue than clay sour. For an hour to sleep in 1 year, a lyudin has been poured 15-20 years old; if it’s not asleep, if not to lie down, living life will increase by 1/3, and when walking - double, with light robots - three, if important - more and more.

2.2. Life of Legends.

The activity of gas exchange injected into the pool of legends. An athlete won by 1 - 1.5 liters more. And the swimmers have a reach of 6.2 liters. The most common one, as a person can see the greatest breath, become close to 3500 cm3. Tsey obsyag name the life of the lungs.

Have young people life The mind is not the same. Її when medical conditions for an additional special attachment - a spirometer.

2.3. Exchange of gases from the legends.

Percentage warehouse of the fortune Kisnyu in the new gets close to 16%, the amount of carbon dioxide grows up to 4%. Zbіlshuєtsya and zmist water bet. Nitrogen and inert gases will be absorbed into the same amount as you inhale. Rizne instead of souring and carbon dioxide in inhaled and vidyhuvannyy povitri explained by the exchange of gases in Legeny bulbs. Concentration in carbon dioxide in the venous capillaries of the Legenevian pukhirtsi nabagato vishche, lower in the meal, which will remember the Legenevian pukhirtsi (Fig. 6). Carbon dioxide gas from the venous blood flows into the lungs and puffs up the body. Kisen from Legenevian pukhirts penetrates into the roof and enters the chemistry with hemoglobin. The blood from the venous is transformed into the arterial. Through the veins of the legendary veins, the arterial roof comes to in front of the heart, Then - in lіviy slunochku і have a lot of blood circulation.

Figure 6. Gas exchange in legends. Gas exchange in fabrics

2.4. Exchange of gases in fabrics.

From the capillaries of the great cola, blood circulation goes to the tissue. In arterial blood, there is more sourness, less in cells, so it is easy to diffuse in them and become vicious in oxidative processes. Carbon dioxide gas from the clitin comes to the roof. In such a rank, in the tissues of the organs, there is a reconstitution of the arterial blood in the venous. Blood is venous through the veins of the great stake, blood flow comes to the right at the front of the heart, then to the right heart, and to come - in the legacy.

III.Regulation of behavior. Nadannya first help with zupintsi dikhannya.