Sulcus і zivini anatomy. Borozna is central. "Borozna central" in books
Dovgastia brain є without spinal cord progression. The lower boundary is the place where the roots of the 1st spinal nerve are crossed, or the intersection of the pimid, the upper boundary is the posterior edge of the bridge. Dovzhin's dovzhasty brain is close to 25 mm, it has the shape of a truncated cone. front surface dovzhastogo brain razdіlyaє the front middle slit, late rollers are seam from the sides - pіramіdi. Pyramid set up with bundles of nerve fibers of the paramount wires. Fibers of the first nobles to get the bark of the great brain with nuclei cranial nerves and the anterior horns of the spinal cord. To the side from the skin side to grow olive, vіdokremlena vіd pіramіdi anterior lateral sulcus.
Competitive interests: the author said that competing interests is not simple. It has been shown that mitochondrial position is regulated by the cytoskeleton every hour of the release of the cell in decile eukaryotic systems. However, the growth of mitochondria before the hour of cytokinesis of the saplings and the regulation of the growth of the cytoskeleton was not carried out. When the anaphase of the mitochondria is enrolled before the moment of illuminating the furrow, it will become devilishly lost at the openings of the furrow and until the completion of the cytokinesis.
The back surface of the slightly thick brain is subdivided back middle furrow. From the sides of the furrow, the extension of the posterior cords in the spinal cord, lower lobes. Tsі nіzhki encircle the rhomboid-like fossa below. The posterior cord in the lower sides of the large brain folds into two bundles- wedge-shaped(Lateral) i thin(Medially), on the rhomboid-shaped fossa near the lower kuta, humps can be seen, for revenge wedge-shapedі tonke kernels.
Can. central vyaznitsya
In addition, it is shown that the recruitment of mitochondria into the groove is displayed in the decile lines of the clines of the sarsavts, as well as in the monopolar, bipolar and high-polarity types, for the Vikoristovuchi іngіbіtorіy dynamics of the cytoskeleton, it is shown, but the cytoskeleton of microtubules, but not actin, which is necessary for the transfer of mitochondria into the cleft groove.
In such a rank, mitochondria are specially recruited into the groove of the split in the fallowness from the microtubules per hour of cytokinesis of the sars. Cytokinesis is the conclusion of a stage for a cell, in which one father's cell is physically divided into two daughters. At the anaphase of the astral and spindle microtubules, they begin to pick up a fast-feeling actomyosin ring on the cell line and separate the chromosomes. Tse guarantor, for daughter cells to sediment properly supplement genetic and cytoplasmic material.
Dovgast's brain is made up of white and blue speech.
Sira speech in a dovgasty brain represented by nuclei IX, X, XI, XII pairs of cranial nerves, olives, reticular formations, centers of energy and blood circulation.
Bila Rechovina approved by nerve fibers, storage of all kinds of conductors. The hands of the conductive paths (fall) grow in the anterior viddils of the deep brain, sensitive (lateral) lie more dorsally.
At the same time, as the actomyosin ring is clenching, the plasma membrane on the cell is jammed in the middle, as a result of which cleansing is borne. Possibility to work until quiet times, as long as the celline will not be split for the hour of the abscissa. There are no cell and molecular processes involved in boron for the advancement of cytokinesis, including polymerization of actin, rapid actomyosin, signaling pods, rukov activity and broadening and heat of membranes.
In addition, it has been shown that mitochondria grow less oxidatively, regulate calcium homeostasis, synthesize membrane lipids and play an important role in cell signaling paths. Mitochondria are dynamical organelles, and in food eukars, the stench is transported by the cytoskeleton of microtubules, or it can be bound to actin. The healthy translocation of mitochondria to discrete subclinical areas allows the cells to spaciously and temporarily regulate mitochondrial activity in response to metabolic consumption of cells.
reticular formation It is a superality of cells, cell purchases and nerve fibers, which are used to create a net, roztasovan in a stovburi brain (dovgastiy mozok, mest і middle mozok). The reticular formation is tied with the organs of the senses, the ruddy and sensitive measles great brain, Thalamus and hypothalamus, spinal cord... Vona regulate the level of anxiety and the tone of the development of the nervous system, including the cortex of the great brain, take part in the regulation of the level of sleepiness, sleep and lack of sleep, vegetative functions, processes.
It is especially useful in neurons, de-traffic of mitochondria to synaptic terminals, which is necessary for the satisfaction of high energy and calcium-buffering. Cytokinesis є metabolic vimoglivim stylnikovy; prote, unavoidably, chi buli mitochondria is specifically localized for the hour of cytokinesis.
"Whoever is in the Russian field himself - і borozna, і lemish ..."
Kilka Doslidzhen showed that the growth of mitochondria is regulated by the cytoskeleton every hour of the day in children. Early robots on scorpion spermatogenesis showed that mitochondria associate with microtubules at the poles of the mitotic spindle and actively subtilize simultaneously with chromosomes. In the case of other mitochondria, they are delivered by microtubules in the opposite poles of the cortin for an hour, so that mitochondria in kidney-bearing others are transported from the mother to the last hour.
The viscera of the large brain grows into a place, and the back of the brain is located.
Міст.
міст ( varoliev misst) The view of the recumbent transversely thickened ridge, facing the lateral side of the right side and entering middle lobes. The rear surface of the bridge, covered with a lobe, take care of the fate in the approved rhomboid pit. The anterior surface at the bottom establishes a clear line between the dovgastim brain, and at the top between the lower parts of the brain. The front surface of the bridge is transversely covered in a link with the transverse strand of the fibers, as they go through the nasal nuclei of the bridge in the middle of the lobes and the dal - into the cerebellum. On the front surface of the bridge, along the middle line, later basilar boron, in yak lie the same artery. On the frontal opening, two parts are visible through the place: the front ( basilar) and rear (Pokrishka).
It has been shown that mitochondria is progressively discolored in case of dilution of the clitin roslin, but instead of step by step it moves around the new clit in the middle of the process in the process of introducing the actin filaments. If the cells of the clinics inject mitosis, the mitochondria is fragmented and invaded, as soon as they become insensitive and passively dispersed throughout the cytoplasm until the cytokinesis is completed.
However, the growth of mitochondria was not seen in the presence of a delayed client. Vikoristovuchi confocal microscopy of spinning, we continued to grow mytochondriacal for an hour of cytokinesis in cells of cultivated savts. In addition, they played the role of actin and microtubules in the presence of mitochondrial position during an hour of delay. Here, for the first time, every now and then, when the mitochondria enlisted and began to split the furrow before the hour of cytokinesis from the victorious mechanics, to lay down like a microtubule.
At the pavement of the bridge, a reticular formation grows, the nuclei of the V, VI, VII, VIII pairs of cranial nerves are lined up and pass through the other conductive paths.
The front (basilar) part of the bridge is composed of nerve fibers, which form the conductive paths, in the middle of which there are buyers - the nucleus. The conductive paths of the basilar part to tie the cortex of the great brain with the spinal cord, with the cranial nuclei of the cranial nerves and with the cortex of the cerebellum. Mіzh the nerve fibers of the provincial nobles flood vlasn_ core to the bridge. Lie on the cordon mіzh about the parts of the bridge trapezoidal body, Do not use fibers to guide the auditory analyzer.
Klіtinn culture and medication treatment
Also, microtubules control the position of mitochondrial activity on boron splitting of the possible mechanical inheritance in cytokinesis and sedation of mitochondria. Clitins were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 ° C and 45 quills at room temperature with secondary antibodies.
Image and statistical analysis
For the experiments with the time-lapse of the image, we took the skin slime. The average rate of fluorescence from the pole of the cell to the correct rate, the increase in the stage of the image of the cell on five types Five typical stages of a boule period are numbered from the normal hour rows in the next rank: metaphase, anaphase, early cytokinesis, middle cytokinesis, and intermediate cytokinesis.
The posterior (Dorsalnaya) surface of the bridge and the large brain serves as the bottom of the IV pit, which, behind its walks, is the empty diamond-shaped brain.
IV slut from the bottom it goes into the high central canal of the spinal cord, and burn down - into the water supply to the brain - the empty middle brain. The bottom of the IV duckbill of its own form is called diamond-shaped fossa. The upper side of the fossa is flanked by the upper cerebellar lobes, and the lower sides are fixed by the lower cerebellar lobes. The middle boron cut the bottom of the rhomboid fossa into two symmetrical halves. On the side of the furrow, one can see the right and the left lice humps. In the face hump, the nucleus of the VI wager of the cranial nerve - the abducens nerve, lies, and in the glybin and the trochus lateral lies the nucleus of the VII wager of the cranial nerve - the facial nerve. At the bottom of the medial pidnesennya go to tricycle of the pid'yazic nerve, lateral to which tricycle of the faulty nerve. In tricycles, in their speech, the brain is covered with the nuclei of the same nerves. Bichni viddili rhomboid pits were named vestibular fields, this is how the hearing and vestibular nuclei lie in front of the door-ultkovy nerve - VIII pair of FMN. From the auditory nuclei to enter the middle furrow of the transverse brains, roztasovani on the cordon with dovgastim brain and bridge and fibers to guide the auditory analyzer.
If boroza vіdkidaє grain
For cells, in which cytokinesis is inhibited, the dose was taken evenly, as well as the average period of control cells, and the types of time points of the bullet were described as described above. The average intensity of fluorescence along the entire perimeter at the midpoint of the skin stage of the growth of the bulwark is shown by the road at the end of 15 pixels along the edge of the midpoint. From the image, the threshold was adjusted for the establishment of the Euclidean picture of the display. On the basis of the picture of the images of the image, the bule was installed on the bule 15 pixels along the edge of the middle, and the boole area was opened near the threshold.
At the same rhomboid pit, the nuclei of V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII pairs of FMN are covered. Sensitive nuclei of the cranial nerves grow laterally. Medially lie vegetative nuclei, and most medially - rukov.
Three-part nerve(V pair of FMN) the machotiri of the nucleus, including the roach and the sensitive - the bridge of the nucleus of the midbrain path and the nucleus of the spinal path of the tripartite nerve. external nerve(VI pair of FMN) small ones with one rokova core. Have facial nerve(VII pair of FMN) three nuclei: a roc nucleus, a sensitive nucleus of a single path і parasympathetic - the upper salivary nucleus. Before the door-ultkovy nerve(VIII pair of FMN) there are two groups of nuclei: two auditory ultikovy (anterior and posterior) and chotiri vestibular: medial, lateral, upper and lower. ulopharyngeal nerve(IX pair of CHMN) has three nuclei: a subway, a head for IX and X pairs, a sensitive nucleus of a single path (a head for VII, IX, X pairs) and parasympathetic - lower salivary. At the bloating nerve(X bet) three nuclei: the mucous membrane (spilne with the ninth pair) і sensitive, and also the parasympathetic - the posterior nucleus of the bloating nerve. dodatkovian nerve(XI pair of FMN) small rukhove core. Have pid'yasic nerve(XII wager CHMN) is one core.
Then the area of the bullet was moved to the type of fluorescence image and was used for displaying a line with a width of 15 pixels of average fluorescence intensity. For averaging the data on the deciduous average, the view from the pole to the furrow is normal, and the intensity of the fluorescence of the boule is coded, and at the same time the standard is of the average intensity for a set of data. Mitochondria are localized in the spines of the forest and hang at the poles of the cells when the cells are growing. In the metaphase population of mitochondria Bula, the cytoplasm near the metaphase plate is equally rosified.
After three, open the empty IV in the dakha to get out of the open space. In the case of the vessel's base of the IV dummy, the yojudine gossip, yak produce the spinal cord - liquor.
Above the fourth dumbbell, which along the day of the empty bridge and the big brain, there is a little brain, or, as I call it, “maliy moss”.
For an hour, anaphase of mitochondria began to accumulate at the clerical ekvore, who may be a dilettante of cytokinetic furrows and boules of visnazheni from the poles of the clerk. The yak has been chopped borozy, which has established itself in early cytokinesis, mitochondria bulges and changes in the poles of cytokines. In the middle of cytokinesis, the population of mitochondria was strongly polarized right up to the furrow splitting, allowing symmetrical expansion near the furrow. Polarization of mitochondria in the right direction of the furrow cleavage was reduced to a decrease in cytokinesis.
Functions of a large brain and bridge ... Dovgastiy mozok and the place to see the most important functions. In the sensitive nuclei of the cranial nerves, in the ciche in the brain, the nerves and impulses come from the head, mucous membranes of the mouth and the opening of the nose, pharynx and larynx, from the organs of the organs of the organs of the brain, the serum of the vestibule, the apical ... The axons of the keratin and vegetative (parasympathetic) nuclei of the dense brain and the bridge of impulses are not only followed until skeletal tissues heads, and until smooth muscles of organs etching, dichotomy of the heart-vascular system, up to sluggish and іnshim zaloz.
The process of caution of the boule is supported by the path of the mean value of the average intensity of fluorescence from the pole of the cell to the level of the skin from five typical stages of the subtype. Polarization of mitochondria from the pole to the point was statistically significant in the anaphase in the context of the metaphase and became significant at the onset of the stages.
Apparently, the intensity of the borehole in the middle of the cytokinesis is accompanied by a vignette of mitochondria from the microtubules of the middle zone. In addition, we have seen mitochondria, bored with borozenia, in the old families of friends, including those of the microregion, the epithelial cells of the African mothers and the families. Mitochondrial growth in Cytokinesis is derived from EPR, Golgi and lizosomes. According to our previous results, the mitochondria was affected by the borozenka and changed at the poles of the cells.
Through the nuclei of the large brain, there is a lot of reflex activity, including those (coughing, migrating, slozovidlennya, chkhannya). The nuclei of the large brain take a part in the reflex acts of kovtannya, the secretory function of herbal vines. The vestibular nucleus, in which the cob is on the cob of the vestibular spinal path, is able to display the folding reflexive activity overgrowing the tone of the skeletal mucous membranes, rivnovagi, to prevent the "standing pose". Reflexes won the name current reflexes... The growth in the large brain is very dysfunctional and heart-vascular center, taking part in the regulation of the function of mental activity, the activity of the heart and the heart. Prompt to bring tsikh centers to death.
The mitochondria are localized in the pink furrow in the large-pole and monopolar types
Otrimani membranes of Golgi boules are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, ale boules in the area of the spindle poles. Nareshty, lysosomal boules are localized mainly in the area of lumbar microtubules of the middle zone and poles of the spindle. In such high-polarity rosters, mitochondria accumulate in the skin from multiple cleft furrows. In light of the caution, they violated the idea that there would be mitochondria localized in the spine of boron in case of monopolar cytokinesis, in which cytokinesis of disturbances occurs directly as a result of nuclear activity.
The shape of the brain in the main form internal surface empty skulls. The upper-lateral surface of the brain has lost its shape, the shards lie down to the cysts of the crypt of the skull. The lower surface of the cerebrum is flattened, uneven and indented to the relief of the inner base of the skull.
(Cerebrum) has three main great insights: hemispheria cerebrates, cerebellum and truncus encephalicus. Take the right part of the brain liva pivkuli great brain, which is a part endocrine brain(Telencephalon). The rights and livings of the podilayayutsya late slit of the great brain (fissura longitudinalis cerebri), which goes in a sagital straight. In the glybin of late spines of the offense, they are tied between themselves with calluses (corpus callosum). In front of the corpus callosum, the podvzhnya shilina is skirted, at the back of it, go into the transverse fissure of the great brain (fissura transversa cerebri), which emerges from the eruption of the great brain from the cornsus.
Apparently before our time, in the normal bipolar subline of mitochondria, stepwise polarized towards the monopolar furrow. At the end of the day, it is necessary to inform about a superior mechanism, which is actively and specifically recruiting mitochondria into the cleft of cytokinesis right from the nuclear field. We have spared, that mitochondria are localized in the right direction of the highly polarized microtubules, as well as in the vicinity of the areas of actin secretion. To be careful to show that the mechanism of recruiting mitochondria can be mediated by the cytoskeleton of actin and microtubule.
Glybokі interlobular furrows extend the skin from pіvkul to chotiri parts: lobovu (lobus frontalis), tim'yanu (lobus parietalis), potilichnu (lobus occipitalis) and skronevu (lobus temporalis). In the dermal pivot, the frontal (polus frontalis) is the frontal (polus occipitalis) and the scronevium (polus temporalis) is the tip, or the poles, as well as the upper lateral (fades superolateralis), the medial (facies medialis) and the lower The surface of the pivkul can be folded through the manifestation of the borozen (sulci cerebri) and zivin (gyri cerebri) of the great brain, which is widely variable. At the same hour, there is a small number of permanent furrows and zivines, which can clearly appear and which are taken for subdivision of the skin into parts.
The actin cytoskeleton is not required for recruiting, but for the fixation of mitochondria in the cleavage
On a baby, 1 were spared, that mitochondria was localized to measles, clitin in the area of cytokinetic furrows of splitting. Cyrka and spines are boron with rich actin structures, and it was evidently shown that mitochondria are localized in abundant actin boron in monopolar cytokinesis. To that, the vicorists of the Ingibitories of the dynamics of the actin, we have changed the actin for recruiting or sticking the mitochondria from the borozenka splitting. We were spared that the mitochondria buli were recruited to the adequacy of the cells and from the poles of the cells, without interfering with the appearance of the active filaments.
Central boron (sulcus centralis), which can also be called Roland (Rolandi), is divided into lobovy and tim'yanu parts. Roland's furrowed back to the rear towards the middle of the upper edge of the leaf and straight down and forward. In front of her, in the forehead part, precentral zivina (gyrus proceptrails) grows, in which there is a center of measles to the brain, and most of it is highly rosy in the case of precentral zivina in the dressing lower pictures, And the most low - with the meat of the empty company, pharynx, larynx. Behind the central furrow in the tim'yaniy dilyantsi lies the postcentral zivina (gyrus postcentralis), in the bark of the central furrow there is a center of scholarly and proprietary sensitivity.
Lateral boron (sulcus lateralis), like Sylvie's (Sylvii), seemingly the frontal part of the frontal part in its front view and from the same part - in the rear. Having sprinkled on the lower surface of the pivkul, silvieva boroznaya yde po yogo lateral surface that n trohi up. It does not reach the upper edge of the pivule and end at the middle and rear third of the lateral surface.
Tim'yano-potilichna boroza (sulcus parietooccipitalis), as it comes to the Kremlin, it is part of the potilichnaya, retouched in the rear window medial surfaces pіvkulі and do not go far on the upper surface.
Cross-sectional borodenum (sulcus occipitalis transyersus) extends across the edge of the edge of the area. The projection of furrows and zivin to the brain is assigned to the scheme of cranial topography. In such a rank, lobova part to grow in the anterior view of the tree, expanding to the upper latsral surface (in front of the central furrow), to the lower and medial surface, moreover, in the area of the medial surface of the real border between the frontal and the same skroneva part I occupy an area on the lower and upper lateral surfaces of the pivots. Before capillary lobes Part of the medial surface of the pivot is carried out behind the temporal furrow, the upper lateral surface - behind the mental continuation of the furrow and the lower surface. The Tim'yan part is located centrally. on upper lateral surfaceїy lay the dilenka between the central furrow in front, lateral - from below, and to the clearer continuation of the temporal furrows - to the back. On the medial surface of the farm, a small part of the house is borrowed from the central furrow to the front and the middle furrow to the back.
