Furrows and spines of the upper lateral surface of the great brain. Upper-lateral to the surface of the great cerebral pivule. lobova part

1. 
   Budov's brain.

surface pivkul great brain.

The cerebral cortex.

The basal nucleus and the bone of the endovian

1. 
   budova brain.

Hypothalamus.

III crotch.

1. 
   Basic connections to the brain.

Outstanding fraudulent routes.

Descending efficient paths.

1. 
   Budov's brain.

kintseviy moss (Telencephalon) is formed from two great brainwaves, one from one late one. In the glybin lines of the rosters callus tilo... The crust of the corpus callosum of the drink is also anterior, posterior commissuresі spike star... In dermal pvkulі they are seen for three poles: forehead, longitudinal and fringe. Three edges (upper, lower and medial) distribute pivcles on three surfaces: upper lateral, medial and lower. Skin pivkulya is divided into parts. Central borozhennaya(Rolandova) to the front of the Kremlin, lateral beard(Sylvieva) skronevu from the frontal and the tim'yano, the tim'yano-potilichna borozdiläk to the tim'yanu and the potilichnu parts. In glybin lateral furrow the island part will grow. There are more furrows in the area.

Upper-lateral to the surface pіvkulі of the great brain. lobova part , Roztashovana in the anterior part of the cutaneous lesion of the great brain, bordered at the bottom of the lateral (Silvieviy) furrow, and at the back - by the lateral central groove (Roland), roztasovanoy at the frontal area. ahead of central furrow, Mayzhe parallel їy, roztashovuatsya precentral boron... From the precentral furrow forward, in parallel one to one, heading upperі lower forehead furrows, Yaki to distribute the upper-lateral surface of the frontal part of the zvivini. Between the central sulcus back and the precentral in front is precentral zivina... over the upper frontal furrow lie down upper Lobova Zvivina , Scho occupies the upper part of the frontal part.

Between the upper and lower frontal beards pass middle lobov zvivin... To the bottom of the lower frontal furrow roztashovan lower lobova zvivina, In the back of the yak vishidnaі anterior groove of the lateral furrow, scho rozdіlyaє bottom part frontal part on the dibni zivini. Pokrishechnaya part (lobova pokrishka), Roztashovani between the viscous and the lower side of the lateral furrow, attaching the islet part, so that you lie in the depths of the furrow. orbital lie to the bottom of the front head, pushing forward on the lower surface of the frontal part. In a tsomu mіsci, the lateral borodens expand, turning into lateral fossa of the great brain.

tim'yana chastka, Roztashovana backwards from the central furrow, tim'yano-tilichnoy furrowed, Yaka roztashovu on medial surfaces pіvkulі, gliboko vdayuchis in the yogo upper edge. Tim'yano-potilichna boroznaya pass to the lateral surface, de cordon between the tim'yano and potilichnaya parts to serve as a clever line - the continuation of the furrow down to the bottom. The lower boundary of the temporal part є the rear end of the lateral furrow, early part. postcentral boron pass behind the central furrow, parallel to it.

Between the central and postcentral bears grow postcentral zivina, Yaka in the mountains go to the medial surface of the great brain, then go to the precentral zivino of the frontal part, setting up at the same time with it precentral lobe... On the upper-lateral surface of the pivucle below, the postcentral zvivina can also pass into the precentral zvivina, loving the central furrow below. From the postcentral furrow back to enter internal borozy Parallel to the upper edge of the pivkule. Burn out from the intra-parietal furrow, a group of other zivins, which won the name upper tim'yanoi lobules; below roztashovan lower tim'yan part.

Naimensha Potilychna part roztashovayut behind tim'yano-tilichnoy furrowsі її mental advancement on the upper-lateral surface of the pivot. Potential part of the plot is subdivided into a splinter of zivins by borozy, from which the most persistent є transverse potilichna boron.

skroneva part, Borrowing low-lateral parts of the lateral sulcus, view of the forehead and the other part of the lateral furrow. The Ostrivkova part is enclosed by the edge of the skronevo. On the bichn_surface of the early part, right parallel to the lateral boron, pass upperі lower skronevі zivini ... On the upper surface of the upper skroneal zvivina, a splinter of slightly curved transverse zvivins is visible ( Zivini Geshla). Between the upper and lower fringe borosovan middle skronev zvivin... Behind the lower edge of the furrow Nizhnyaya Skroneva Zvivina.

Ostrіvkova chastka (island) to be located in the lateral groove, covered with a pokrishkoy, approved by the frontal, tim'yano and low-lying parts. gliboka krugova borozna island from the heart of the Kremlin. The lower front part of the island is filled with furrows and there is little growth - porig island. On the surface of the island you see dovguі short zivini.

Media on the surface of the great brain. In the coverage of the medical surface of the great brain, take the part of the whole part, except for the island. Boroza corpus callosum fire from above, seemingly calloused only from above transverse zivini, Heading to the bottom і forward і advancing in furrow of the hipocampus.

Pass over the zvivino bearded, Yaka should be repaired in advance and from the bottom to the corpus callosum. Walking up the hill, the boron turned backwards and parallel to the boron corpus callosum. On the edge of the ridge, there is an elliptical furrow up the hill to enter the edge of the region, and the furrow itself is trivial into the sub-parietal furrow. Craiova chastina I will round off the back furrows navkolocentralі part, And first - fore-wedge, Yake is carried to the tim'yanoi part. To the bottom and to the back, through the isthmus of the belt of the zvivin, go to parahippocampal zivin, Yaka will end before slack i surrounded at the top furious hipocampus. Let me explain zvivin, isthmusі parahippocampal zivin name it crypt of frequent zivini. In the Glybin furrow, the hipocampus roztashovana zvivin's teeth. On the ryvni ridge of the corpus callosum from the waist furrow up the hill to go krajova chastina of the lumbar furrows.

The lower surface of the great brain maє naybilsh folding relay. In front, the surface of the frontal part is roasted, behind it is the skrone pole and the lower surface of the skrone and pylitic lobes, between some dumb ones. mіzh later pіvkulі i scent furrowed frontal part of roztashovana straight zivina... Laterally from the scent furrow to lie in person. Movny Zvivina on the lateral side of the capillary part of the capillary-lateral (Colateral) sulcus... Qia is boroznaya to move to the lower surface of the early part, razdіlyayuchi parahippocampalі medialnogo-skronevu zivini... In front of the tilting-skrone furrow there is nasova borozna, I am intertwined with the anterior end of the parahippocampal zivino - slack. Potilichno-skroneva borozna razdіlyaє medicalі lateral pylitic-skronevia zivini.

Bark of the brain, cortex cerebri, Є the most highly differentiated from the nervous system.

The cerebral cortex is composed of a majestic number of cells, which can be divided into a number of balls due to morphological features:

1.zn_shn_y zonal, or molecular ball, lamina zonalis;

2.calling granular ball, lamina granularis externa;

3.frame ball, lamina pyramidalis;

4.internal granular ball, lamina granularis interna;

5. ganglion ball, lamina ganglionaris;

6.polimorphic ball, lamina multiformis.

The budova of cutaneous because of the significant balls of measles in the children of the brain is of its own peculiarity, so that it rotates in the change of balls, in the variety of balls, sizes, topography and future developments nerve cells.

At the presentation of a thin incubation of children from measles to the brain in this day, a great number of fields are described (divine Fig.), the growth of measles fibers (microarchitectonics).

corks of a skin analyzer in the cerebral cortex may appear pebbled, de-localized its nuclei, and, moreover, around a group of nerve cells, which are located behind the boundaries of the dilyanki. The nucleus of the roch analyzer is localized in the navkolocentralny zivina, precentral zivina, the posterior form of the middle and lower frontal zivina.

At the upper viddili precentral disease and navkolocentralny frequency of localization of the cortices in the form of muscular analyzers lower pictures The lower regions are expanded, and they can be carried to the muzzles of the basin, the crankwood, the tulub, the upper kintsivok, the shiai, nareshty, in the lowest viddili - the head.

At the rear end of the middle frontal zivini localization of the cortical appearance of the roc analyzer after the turn of the head and eyes. Here there is a rukhovy analyzer of written language, which can be used to bring about a great deal of ruin, bound from the written letters, numbers and signs.

Rear view of the lower frontal areaє mіscem roztashuvannya rok analyzer movi.

Corky scent of a scent analyzer(I relish) to be in the slack; green - occupying the edge of the furrow with a bird spur, auditory - at the middle part of the upper skinny part, and in the back part of the upper skinny part - a hearing analyzer of foreign signals (control of one's own spine).

Healthy analyzer of letters localize in kutovy zviviny.

The cortical form of the analyzer of the extravagant sensitivity- temperature, pain, dotic, micechno-articular - to grow in the back-central part; with the whole projection of the surrounding parts of the body there is also, like at the ruch analyzer. Besides, at the upper part there is an area of ​​measles, tied with the function of recognizing objects on a dot (stereognosis); a in the lower time part- a rukhovy analyzer, of dressings from the creation of coordinated rukhiv (PRAKS, for right-handers - livoruch).

Links between cortical ends of the same analyzer with peripheral viddilom skin analyzer (with receptors) is connected to the spinal cord and go out of their nerves.

The basal nucleus and the tongue of the endocrine marrow.

At the comrade of the white speech of the great skin, the brain є the purchase of the old speech, so that the kernels lie close to the ground. The cores are lined closer to the base of the brain and are called basal (pidkirkovy, central). Before them, it’s darker, it’s like a moment.

dark tilo on the razrіzah there is a viglyad smug, how to be guilty of white and blue speech. Most medially and in front of the caudate is the nucleus, laterally of the lenticular nucleus. Їх Відділяє Proshark of Biloi Speech - an internal capsule. In the inner capsule, they are designed: front leg, number and rear leg.

Anterior lining of the inner capsule It was highlighted by the frontal bridge path, which ringed the bark of the frontal part with the cores of the bridge.

At the number of internal capsules to pass the cortical-nucleus tract, scho the cortical area of ​​measles with the cranial nuclei of the cranial nerves.

To the warehouse rear bottom inner cap promising to enter the offensive paths: the cortical-spinal tract, which is located in the cortical area of ​​measles with the ridges of the anterior horns; tuberculous bunches, mіzh hillock and bark; The backbone tract and the backbone tract, which tie the bark of the sidewall and the skinny part with the nuclei of the bridge, and in the very rear end - the central auditory and the healthy tract, so that the cortex of the cerebral heart is connected.

2.Construction of the brain.

Diencephalon, Razotasovaniye on the callus til, to be stored from the posterior thalamus, epithalamus and hypothalamus. Sira speech of the brain will approve kernels, Which are the centers of all kinds of extravagant sensibility, as well as the nuclei, which take part in the functions of the autonomic nervous system, and neurosecretory nuclei... With the intermediate brain, there are two strands of the internal secretions: hipophizі epiphiz... By the cordons of the brain on the front of the brain є the front surface of the green cross (front), the front edge of the rear perforated speech and the back of the street (back). On the dorsal surface back cordonє bordered, showing the upper humps of the middle brain from the posterior edge of the thalamus. Thermal cranium emerges from the dorsal side of the intermediate brain from the kintsevoy.

Posterior thalamus (green tubercle) guys, ovoid form, statements of the head rank with a gray speech. Both the medial and the posterior surfaces are visible, the good is visible on the growth of the brain, the anterior is grown with the hypothalamus. Front end ( front hump) Thalamus spike, back ( pillow) Roundings. The medial surfaces of the green humps are one to one; III slut- і z'єднані mіzh interthalamic growth... Lateral to the surface of the thalamus from the bottom and from the back to the inner capsule.

Thalamus is the center of all kinds of extravagant sensitivity. The new one sees 40 kernels, separated by thin beads of white speech. With the nerve cells of the thalamus, the outgrowths of the nerve cells come into contact with other (inserted) neurons in all sensitive provincial paths, as they carry impulses to the inspiration of the brain, except for the scent, relish and auditory. A part of the axons of the thalamus neurons is directed to the nuclei of the swarthy body of the endocrine marrow (the sensitive center of the expiramidal system can be seen in the connection from the cymbal thalamus), a part - to the measles of the great brain - the thalamocortical bundles. From the thalamus, the subtalamic region grows, and from the middle brain it starts to grow, and there the core of the middle brain ends.

epithalamus including epiphys, children and tricycles of appearances. epiphiz abo pineal, Yak bi habits... Epifiz is a zalose of the internal secretion.

metathalamus statements by paired medial and lateral ratchet bodies, scho to lie behind the cutaneous thalamus.

hypothalamus It is a ventral part of the midbrain, it grows anteriorly towards the brain, and takes care of the fate of the bottom of the third creeper. The functional role of the hypothalamus is even greater, vin managing the function of the internal middle ground to the organism and ensuring homeostasis. In the hypothalamus, the centri (nucleus), keruyuchі autonomic nervous system.

lie across zorove crossover, Approvals with the fibers of healthy nerves, partly pass to the protruding side, threefold from the skin side laterally and back to healthy meal.

Behind the zorovaya overlapping rosters Syriy Bugor, In a new place sulfur-hillock kernels... The cores are poured into the people's emotional reactions. Go down the hill to funnel, Yaka z'єnuatsya s gіpophіzom. A part of the intermediate brain, rosted lower than the thalamus and removed from the hypothalamic furrow, warehouse Vlasne podhugor.

Mіzh sіrim bugrom in front and behind we will extend the speech back and forth in the spherical nipple tila diameter is close to 0.5 cm. skin. The nuclei of the papillary bodies are the pidkirkovy centers of the scent analyzer.

Near the medial zones of the hypothalamus roztashovan hypophyseal region of the hypothalamus, cells that produce the same factor, as well as neurons, which take away all the changes that are seen in the blood and spinal cord(Temperature, warehouse). Medial hypothalamus є with the resulting lanka between the nervous and endocrine systems.

Clinics of the hypothalamus transform nerve impulse in neurohormonal ones.

Porozhnina of the brain - III duck (ventriculus tertius)- is a university, roztashovane in the sagittal area of ​​the splinter-like spaces, between the sides of the medial surfaces of the thalamus, below - by the hypothalamus, in front - by the stops to the plant, the anterior adhesion and thermal, tilo. Porozhnina III slinky go back to middle water supply, And in front of the sides, through the middle opener, you can see the little ones.

3. Basic connections to the brain.

Bundles of functionally single-sided nerve fibers are called guiding paths, so that they connect the center of the central nervous system.

The impulses, which are detected when infused into the receptor, are transmitted along the outgrowths of neurons to the right way in the singing direction. For one lance of neurons impulse, the docentric expands - from the point of view of the brain, the mucus, the organs of the ruch, the sudins to the brain. For those lancers of neurons, an impulse is conducted from the brain to the periphery, to the working organ.

There are three groups of nerve fibers: associative, comisural and projections.

Associative nerve fibers(Short and long) to identify between oneself a group of neurons ( nerves centri), Roztashovani in one half of the brain. short(Intra-lobule) to squeeze the dylyanka of the syllable speech and grow, as a rule, in the boundaries of the same part of the brain. In front of them you see arc-like fibers of the great brain, I do not want to go over the measles ( intracortical), І extracortical, Go to the Bily Rechovini Pivkul ... dovgі(Between lobes) associative bundles to combine between themselves a lot of speech, roztasovani on meaning, one kind of one, start in different parts. To them to be introduced upper subordinate bundle, Scho z'єdnu bark of the frontal part from the temporal and tilting; lower sub-beam, zing'yazu sira speech of the skronovoy part from the tilting; hooked bundle, Scho z'єdnu bark in the region of the frontal pole from the anterior part of the fringe part.

Comisural (adhesions) nerve fibers tie the analogous center (sira speech) of the right and left pivots of the great brain, fixing the corpus callosum, the crypt adhesion and the anterior adhesion ... callus tilo from one another, new, more young people have seen great measles to the brain of the right and left cells, in which fibers are loosely dispersed, the radiance of the corpus callosum is flaring. At the anterior spikes, fibers pass through, so that you can draw between yourself the measles of the fringe parts of both pvkul, so that you lay scent brain... Fibers of the spike to the star pass through the dylyanks of the gray speech and the hipokampi and the fringes of both pivots.

Projected nerve fibers(Providnі shliakhi) grows on the top and bottom. To tie the spinal cord with the brain, as well as the nuclei of the cerebral stovbur with the basal nuclei and the cortex of the great brain, to go to the head and head.

Outgoing projects fraudulent, sensitive. Behind him, before the measles of the great brain, nerves and impulses come, but as a result, they flow into the organism of the young factors of the new middle, including the impulses, how to go through the organs of the senses, the musculoskeletal apparatus, the internal organs of the court. Falsely from all vishіdnі projection paths are divided into three groups.

1.exteroceptive path the essence of the impulses from the shkirny cover (bolovi, temperature, dot and vise), from the organs of the chuttya (zir, hearing, relish, scent). Carry out the way to dota and vise(Anterior spinothalamic path) carries no impulses from the school to the measles of the postcentral zivini.

2.Proprietary Way to carry out impulses from muscular tissues, tendons, slope capsules, ulcers, stench to carry information about the condition of the body, information about the body. To carry out the path of proprioceptive sensitivity of the cortical straight Do not have an impulse of myazovy-soglobovy vidchuttya to measles postcentral zivini.

3.Interoceptual way to carry out impulses from internal organs, sudin, tissue organism. Їх receptors receive information about hemostasis.

Spade rods to the wayє eferent. Stench to conduct impulses from measles to the brain and to the lower centers of the central nervous system - to the nuclei of the cerebral stovbur. There are two groups that are divided into two groups: first and foremost.

head rukhovy, abo pіramіdalniy shlyakh it is a system of nerve fibers, behind which the rods impulses are straight up to the rods cranial nerves, And see them to skeletal cells... Laying straight and straightening the fibers, the long way extends into two parts: korkovo-nuclear path, Scho yde to the nuclei of the cranial nerves, i cortical-spinal path... In the rest, there is a lateral and anterior cortical-spinal (paramedal) path, which goes to the nuclei of the anterior horns of the spinal cord.

Expiratory Provincial Way May the soundless jingle between the brain and the bark of the great brain, yak governing the expiramidal system. In the healthy coordination of the people in the destruction of the people, the role of the video is important vestibular spinal path, Yaky bandage the vestibular nucleus with the anterior horns of the spinal cord. The bark of the great brain keru with the functions of the moss, which takes care of the fate in the coordination of rukhiv, through the cortico-bridge-cerebellar path.

In such a rank, the conductive paths to the brain establish links between the afferent and the effec tive (effector) centers, reflex arcs in tili people. Providnі shlakhi functionally unite the organism in a single goal, to make sure that it’s working out.

List of vikoristanoi literature.

1. M.R.Sapin, G.L.Bilich "Anatomy of a People" book 2 " Internal organi... Systems of protection (endocrine, sudinn, immune, nervous systems) "Moscow, Onix-Alliance-B 1999r.

2. R.D.Sinelnikov "Atlas of human anatomy" volume III "Vchennya about

nervous systems, Organs of senses and organs of internal secretion "

Vidavnitstvo "Medicine" Moscow 1968 rik.

The brains are folded into the cranial cavity. Wines are stored for 5 vids: back, middle, intermediate and finnage, also called great drinks.

The superior ventral surface ( dovzhastogo brain, Yak and іnhіddіlіv) іdpovіdaє the internal portion of the skull. From the side, the lower surface, before the brain, I fold the bud, as I see the cranial fossa in the whole place.

Finding out more details, from which the surface of the cerebral injections has been approved.

kintseviy moss

In the entrance are two pіvkulі, іdokremlenі one from one late schіline. In the glybin, the stench comes together with spikes. Before the fold, the brain enters the right and the left in one and the same place. The name of the surface of the cerebral puffs is set by the bark, and I will call it “cloak”. The cloak is more than white and blue speech. The cordon between the intermediate and the endovymus brain is roasted there, the inner capsule is folded down to the thalamus from the lateral side.

pivkulya

The bark, on the surface of the cerebral poultry, is approved, the tsitka sira plate. Pivkuli are stored from the offensive parts:

• upper lateral - a lump;
• medial - flat;
• lower - with folding rail.

The skin is shattered by its edges from the surface:

• top;
• lower lateral;
• lower medial.

The names of the files that come up are:

• with a frontal pole;
• Pole poles;
• let's hide the pole.

The upper part of the brain can be folded into Budova, with a great number of furrows and zivines of different forms, forms and straight lines.

Lobes of the upper lateral surface

In the anterior portions of the brain, the frontal portions have been retracted, so that they end with the frontal pole and between the lateral sulcus at the bottom and the central sulcus at the back. Remaining at the frontal area, repairing from the medial surface and expanding the upper edge, then go down, out of reach of the lateral furrow.

Potilychna part

The tsia part is located behind the temporal furrow, behind the help of which is the Upper-lateral surface of the great brain. The Іnshі parts may be the smallest of razmіri in the rіvnіennі zієї. Vona even more versatile furrows and zivini and end with the pole.

tim'yana chastka

On the back side of the central furrow, a tim'yan part is opened. On one side, a cordon is a tim'yano-potilichna boron, a yak is roasted on the medial surface. Vona rozsіkaє pіvkulya from the top and go to the upper-lateral surface.

skroneva part

The part has been re-welded on the lower sides from both sides of the pivots. On one side there is a frontal furrow, and on the other side - a little lateral furrow behind the other side. The edge, which covers the island part, is called skronevoy pokrishkoy. Upland skroneviy part of the skroneviy pole. Two furrows can be seen on the side, which may be parallel to the lateral. Zvivini pass the bridle borozen on a regular basis.

Sharpness of the upper lateral surface

The part of the area was roasted in the middle of the lateral furrow. Vona is old, as if I saw little houses of the time, frontal and early parts of the country, or rosunuti їkh. Її circular boroznaya іddіlyає from all the small parts. The surface of the island of the ma rіznoї dozhini zivini. Mіzh tієї, which is shaved behind, and located below and in front of the central boron island is shaken. And on the lower front part є a small housewife without any furrows, like being called the threshold of an island.

media surface

The media surface of the brain is set in small pieces, except for the island. Above the callus, the boron is rosted. Vona is straight forward and down. Above, from the bottom, a furrow is raised, yaka takes the cob from the corpus callosum, straight up, and then turns back, parallel to the furrow. It will end in the form of a roller near the viglyad, the sub-parietal furrow. Here, from the belt furrow, the edge is visible, the straightening of the burns.

Between furrows and corpus callosum, a zivina was removed. On one side, there is a sound, flashing the isthmus of the belt zivini, which goes into a wider zvivina. Zvivina is called the crypt at once from the isthmus. In the її glybinі there is a thin gray plate, crushed by small grooves. The tse of the zvivin's teeth. That medial surface of the brain, which is roasted between the upper edge of the tree and the lumbar furrow, is carried up to the parts of the frontal and temporal.

The media surface of the upper frontal area is roasted in front of the upper edge of the central furrow. Between the anterior and posterior edges, pass the fore-wedge, as it goes to the mid-valley.

We go to the kutom, see to the back, there are temporal and spur furrows. Staying on the cob on the medial surface of the tilting pole and collapsing forward to the waist. Tsya dilyanka in the form of a trikutnik is called a wedge. Shpornaya boroznaya, yaka is surrounded by zivin, good to see. At the bottom of the rest there is a boron kyubel.

Lower surface

The upper part of the brain is installed in the lower part of the brain foldably. The front doors are stored from the frontal part. To the back of the head is the front pole. To the whole surface, the lower parts of the tilting and early partings are adhered to.
At the bottom of the frontal part, on one level of the late line, there is a nyukhova boron, at the base of which there is a scent tract and cybulin, passing into a tricycle. The new one sees lateral and nyukhova. The part of the frontal part between the scent furrow and the late slit is called straight zivino. Dilyanka from the side of the scent furrow of distribution orbital borozy at the ochnoyamkovu zivini small formі rozmіrіv.

The lower surface of the brain behind the brain is colaterally furrowed, which is located lateral and lower mobile on the fringe and pylitic parts. Trochi distant from the collateral furrow in front of the nasal furrow, which is surrounded by a parahippocampal zivino. media potilichno-skroneva zvivin the trochale is rosetted lateral to the collateral. Between her and the rosette of the lateral pylichno-skronevaya zivinoy є the potilichno-skroneva boroznaya. Ale between the edges here is the lower-lateral edge of the pivkule.

limbic system

Okremo goes to say about those little girls, which are mainly located on the medial surface and are formed after additional emotions, motivational behavior, sleep and others. The stench is called the limbic system. Reactions here stem through the cob scent functions. To that їkh morphological basis is represented by those dilyanki, which go from the lower lateral views of the cerebral michur, which they called the scent brain.

The limb system is stored from scent tracts, cybulin, tricycle, front perforated speech, which is located on the lower surface of the front part, and the lowest warehouse. The inclusion of cich dilyanoks has become a motive for the similarity of Budova, for the interconnection and the similarity of the bagatex reactions.

visnovok

The statutes were understood as to why the surface of the brain has been approved. It is important for the nobility, which may be suitable for all people characteristics, young people... They should be carried to this surface. Wonderful from the representatives of both articles, ethnic groups and from the members of the family.

Until the present hour, the boules spent the last few hours in some generations. At the same time, it was revealed that the main rice would be lost without changes. But on top of that, there is a change to such a world of individuality, as it can be a vicoristan in a better way of identifying a particularity, not just babies on the small fingers.

The great brain (cerebrum) is the most massive brain and borrows a larger part of the empty cerebral skull.

The surface of the pivots is covered with a ball of gray speech - the bark of the great brain - the most developmental and the most detailed form of the nervous system. Great number cerebral zivin(Gyri) bearded(Suici), meaningfully increase the area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bpivkul, which principally leads the brain of people to the brain of their fellow workers. Naybіlsh glibokі furrows spread the skin on chotiri parts: lobova, tim'yanu, tilichnu and skronevu.

The most common and wide furrowed upper-lateral surface of the great brain (. 17, a) є lateral beard(Sul. Lateralis), an insula is in the lagoon. Pokrivayut this part of the continent is called a pokrishkoy (operculum). Laterally boron, bordering the upper part of the fringe, erectly from the front and from the moment.

friend Velika Borozna upper lateral surface, central(Sul. Centralis), from the frontal part of the world. The cordon between the paired and the temporal parts is the temporal boron (sul. Parietooccipitalis), where you can grow over the medial surface and only go to the upper lateral.

In front of the central furrow parallel to pass pre-central boron(Sul. Precentralis). Zvivina, roztashovana between the central and precentral sheds, is called precentral (gyrus precentralis). At the frontal parts, there are three horizontal lines (gyri frontales superior, me-dius et inferior), spaced by frontal bears (sul. Frontales superior et inferior).

Behind the central furrow, there is a postcentral furrow (sul. Postcentralis), between them there is a postcentral zvivina (gyrus postcentralis). The transversely expanded intra-parietal sulcus (sul. Intraparietalis) of the temporal part extends to the upper and lower part of the parietal (lobuli parietal is superior et inferior). In the rest, there is a supra-marginal zvivina (gyrus supramarginalis), a bicon furrow, and a kutova (gyrus angularis), an upper skronev groove.

Two horizontal furrows (sull. Temporales superior et inferior) pass on the upper-lateral surface of the skrone part, which add later the upper, middle and lower skronevs (gyrus temporales superior medius et inferior).

Furrows of the upper-lateral surface of the tilting part in the edges are not permanent behind the circle and straight.

On the medial surface of the pod (. 17.6), the corpus callosum (sul. Corporis callosi) and parallel to the corpus callosum (sul. Cinguli) pass in an arc-like manner above the corpus callosum. To line the furrows lazy zvivin Gyrus cinguli

dit in parahippocampal zivin(Gyrus parahyppocampalis), or the hipocampus, which will help the inner surface of the skin to grow. The zvivina is located from the cerebral stovbur by the furrow hipocampus (sul. Hyppocampi). Її lower boundary є kubel boron (sul. Collateralis). The ventral end of the parahippocampal zivini of the folds of the burnout і vіntsі, the uncus. At the glibin furrows of the sea conic, the vuzka of the toothed zvivin (gyrus dentatus) grows.

In addition to the descriptions of the zivin on the medial surface of the pivkul, pass the zivin of the forehead, the time and the pylinic lobes. On the cordon between the frontal and temporal parts, a para-central part (lobulus paracentralis) grows, which is a transition from the precentral part of the frontal part to the central part of the temporal part.

At the rear part of the medial surface, there are two small furrows - tim'yano-potilichnu and spur (sull. Parietooccipitalis et calcarinus). Above the spur furrow lie izvilina-wedge (cuneus), lower-movny zvivina (gyrus lingualis). In front of the wedge, between the temporal furrow and the lumbar furrow, the pre-wedge (precuneus) grows out - the chotiricutna zivina, which is carried to the time of the day.

Furrows and lesions of the lower surface of the brain (. 17, b) are carried to the lower parts. On the lower surface of the frontal part of the scent furrow(Sul. Olfactorius) scent tsibulin(Bul-bus olfactorius) і scent tract(Tr. Olfactorius) і flanking the straight zivin (gyrus rectus). The cordon between the frontal and early parts sets here to go to the lower surface of the brain laterally furrowed. On the lower surface of the skrone part, the lower skrone is boroznaya. A number of the largest furrows and spines pass from the upper lateral and medial surfaces of the spines.

tovschina measles great mozu become 1.3-4.5 mm, depriving the paracentral part of the reach of 10 mm, that is, not the same, but it is linked to the functional values ​​of the other regions - presumably to the biogenetic law of evidentiary functional morphological

Microscopically, the cortex of the great brain folds along a series of cells and fibers. Peculiarities of muscle nerve fibers in small children from measles vivcha myeloarchitectonics. In the basis of the modern cytoarchitectonics, the study about the peculiarities of the blood cells, the form, the growth of measles cells, the robots of the Kiev anatomist V.O. vivviv architectonics (in the same and in the same term) bagatokh of the other areas of measles.

Basically, there are a number of balls in the market:

1) molecular, which is located without the middle between the soft cerebral sheath and is characterized by a bunch of cell elements;

2) great grain size, which can be stored in a large number of other granular cells;

3) a ball of small and middle perennial cells, the size and the percentage of such variations in other regions;

4) internal granular, which is stored from densely roasted dry clays, which is nagaduє called a granular ball;

5) ganglionary, to take revenge on the great peasant clitini (Betz), which give an ear to the peasant nobles;

6) a ball of polymorphic cells of a tricut and spindle-like form, which does not lie in the middle to a white speech.

The values ​​of the type of budovi measles are very varied, so as in the new dilyanka shari, they will find the development of growth. At the connection with the cytoarchitectonic features of the great bark, the brain is taken for a number of regions, in skin care fields, may be more orderly. The most widespread of Nabula brodman's cytoarchitectonic map, good development of 11 regions and 52 fields.

Bila Rechovina pivkul borrowed space between the bark and basal nuclei (swarthy tilo, caudate and comrade-shaped nuclei - enclosure - claustrum, miraculously similar - corpus amygdaloideum, especially tightly tied by limbic structures to the brain). Yogo masu store nerves fibers, how to go in different straights and set up the conductive paths. Nerve fibers are divided into projections, associations and comissions.

fiber projection to tie the bark of the great brain from the lower ryvnya with the help of the central nervous system and in the bile speech the pvkul accept promenist vіnets(Corona ra-diata). The stench can be sub-center (trr. Cor-ticospinales, tr. Corticonuclearis) and top-down (docentric) (tr. Thalamocorticalis).

Associative fibers, short і dovgі, s'dnuyut between themselves іznі dіlyanka in the boundaries of one and the same pіvkulі (fibrae arcuatae cerebri, fasc.cinguli, fascc.longitudinales superior et inferior і ін.).

comisural fibers to enter the warehouse of adhesions, to draw symmetrical dilens of measles, both pvkul. Yak has already indicated, the greatest adhesion є the corpus callosum - phylogenetically more young. Two of the brain adhesions (comissura anterior, comissura fornicis), which can be used to combine the ancient areas of measles (scent parts, parahippocampal zivini), are carried to phylogenetically ancient solutions.

Vchennya about the localization of functions in the bark of the great brain rozvivalosya at vzaєmodії dvoh protilezhnih kontseptsіy - anti-lokalіzatsіonіzm, abo ekvіpontetsіalіzma (Flourens, Lashley) yaky zaperechuє localization of funktsіy in korі, i vuzkogo lokalі-zatsіynogo psіhomorfologіzma, yaky namagavsya in svoїh kraynіh varіantah (Gall) lokalіzuvati in obmezhenih dіlyankah mozk navіt takі psihіchnі yakosti, like honesty, screeniness, love to father, etc.

Frіtchі and Gіtzigom in 1870 r dіlyanok measles, razdratuvannya viklikalo rukhovy defect. Some of the forerunners also described the area of ​​measles, tied with a keen sensitiveness, dawn, hearing. Clinical neurologists and psychiatry also report about the collapse of folding mental processes in the presence of brain damage. Brock showed that the striking of the rear third of the lower frontal part of the blood was wicked into motor aphasia. Vern і to e describing sensory aphasia in pathological processes in the posterior third of the upper limb bone. Great interest in Penfield’s report about those who can electrically cut measles in the early part of the ... So, there was a statement about the manifestation of regular deposits and functions of localization of pathological diagnostics.

The concept of localization at its own hour was progressive in the context of the glances of equipotentialists, the protest in a small won was the development of medical science, as well as a clear function of the localization of the localization of symptoms. Large foldable and phylogenetically young functions cannot be highly localized;

The fundamentals of a modern, fundamentally new look at the localization of functions in the brain bully pawns I. P. Pavlovim in yogo vchennі about the analyzerі vchenni about dynamic localization of functions. For I. P. Pavlov, analyzer - a folding, functionally single neural ensemble, a service provider for the deployment (analysis) of calls or internal applications on the surrounding elements. It is to be repaired by a receptor on the periphery and to end in the cortex of the great brain. Cork centers є cortical samples of analyzer. І. P. Pavlov vnіs suttvі changes to his own forehead about the interconnection of the territories of cortical centers. Winning has shown that the Kirk representative is not surrounded by the projection zone of the leading providers who are far beyond the boundaries, and that the cortical zones and the young analysts are not overtaking one one. Tsey Visnovok I. P. Pavlova tsilkom use new neurophysiological data.

Pidsumkom doslidzhen I. P. Pavlova began to discuss the dynamic localization of functions, allowing the possibility of the participation of some quiet nerve structures in unhealthy developmental functions. For the localization of functions of steel mothers on the basis of the formation of folding dynamic structures abo combined centers, It is built from a mosaic of damaged and far from distant points of the nervous system, which are united in the remote robot, depending on the nature of the necessary end result.

its given development vchenya about the dynamic localization of functions otrimalo in the works of P.K. concept of functional system as a stake of singing physiological manifestations, tied to the names of singing functions. The functional system includes the skin once in every other day of development of the central and peripheral structures: the cortical and the glybin nerves of the center, the conductive paths, the peripheral nerves, the viconious organ. One and the same structures can be included in functionless systems, in which the dynamism of localization of functions rotates.

A submission about the nerve center for the transmission of nerve cells, it is important to ensure the singing function in specific areas of measles to the brain. Falsely from the introduction of small measles to the brain of G.I. Polyakov saw three types of crust fields. primary fields(The nucleus of the analyzers, according to I.P. Pavlov) are seen in these architectural fields, and the sensitive conductive paths will end; whole projection zones, for example, the core of the analyzer of the backward sensitiveness in the postcentral area, the core of the healthy analyzer along the edges and in the glybin of the spur furrow. secondary fields(Peripheral views of the nuclei of the analyzer, according to I.P Pavlov) roztasvani close to the first. In the cich zones, which are not tied to the leading paths, there is more detailed information processing, so that you can go to the first fields. tertiary fields take up the largest part of measles. Tse of associative zones, roztashovani in mіtsyah rekritiya okhremikh analyzerіv.

Third fields, not tied without a middle from the periphery or from the lower level to the sides of the nervous system, may link with the other measles, including the projection zones. With the help of an associative zone, you can also find a small part of the village, scho є center of stereognosis. The entrants into the post-central development of the development of walking along the thalamocortical paths - as a result, there are elements of perception, as they see when an object is coated (heat, cold, tactile, shape, size) and Behind the associative fibers, the vision is transmitted to the center of stereognosis, and the image of the object is created by the great links with the analyzer.

The bark of the great brain in humans is characterized by significant development associative zones, as in the case of developing analogous zones and navi from other creatures.

In the Danish hour in Korea I see integrated-start-up zones, The functions of which polarity are in the integration of new afferent injections and formulated on the basis of the launching commands, so that the organism will not see any reaction. The ruch zone can be used as an application.

Most cortical centers grow symmetrically in the bark, protects unpaired centri. Tse, the head rank, centri, which will make sure the mova is tied and tied with its function (reading, rakhunok, leaf). Zoni measles roztashovuyutsya in right-handed people in the brain. The rule of law is also the power of specific functions. Brought the overwhelming significance of the healthy range of measles functions - spryyatty space, hour, music and ін.

The process of learning, specific for people, is to take part in both education, and to the right to learn, for example, to look at (reworking of useful information, in the process of abstracting images) ) - for those linked with cerebral diseases of the activity of other signaling systems.

On the medial surface of the great brain, close to the lower surface, phylogenetic old limbic structures, they have been given their name for roasting around the time of attachment of cerebral injections to the anterior end of the cerebral stovbur. The limb zone, having described Broca for the first time (the great limbichna part of Broca), ale Papi, for the first time with a thought, explained the zivina, the hipocampus and the õh connection, especially the connection with the hypothalamus, є morphological substrate emocy. After letting it go, the afferent impulses on the thalamus equal to "potik ruchu", "potik thoughts" and "potik pochuttya". Stop, according to the concept, from the thalamus go to the hypothalamus and the circulus along the offensive stake (Kolo Papetsa): nipple-nipple-nipple-thalamic bundle - anterior nucleus of the thalamus - girdle zvivina - parahippocampal zvivina - zvid - nipple tila. The hypothesis of Papets has become the foundation for the recent developments about the limbic and reticulo-hypothalamic-limbic systems. Zv'yaky zyvyazy with hіpothalamus and reticular formations limbic system(Syn. - sniffing brain (rhi-nencephalon), visceral brain according to McLean, emotional brain according to Konorsky) can be without medication before the tone of the cerebral neurons, to the nervous system of the vegetative regulation The limb system changes its role in the nature of the changes in the nature of the temperament, which leads through the cortex to the specific reactions to the development, in the realization of positive and negative influences on the psyche

Yak meant, the skin is stored in 5 parts: frontal, tim'yanoy, pylitic, early and insular.

In the anterior view of the cutaneous effusion of the great brain, the lobe part, lobus frontalis, is interrupted. In front of it, it ends with a frontal pole protruding forward, polus frontalis, at the bottom it is surrounded by a lateral furrow, sulcus lateralis (Sylvian boron), which is seen from the frontal part, and behind the glibous central part of the central part

Central Borozna (Rolandova Boroza) roztasovana at the frontal area. You should fix it with a short winding at the upper part of the medial surface of the tree, the upper edge, go down, not digesting, along the convexital surface of the tree down and end, three not reaching the forest.

In front of the central furrow, and parallel to it, the precentral furrow, sulcus precentralis, grows. At the bottom, there is no reach to the lateral furrow, up to the top - not to reach the upper edge. The precentral furrow is not easy to digest in the middle part and to be stored in two independent furrows: the upper and the lower.

From the precentral furrow, the upper and lower forehead furrows, sulci frontales superior et inferior, are directed forward. The stench of rosetting may be parallel, one to one, and extend the upper lateral surface of the frontal part on the zivini.

Between the central sulcus posteriorly and the precentral sulcus in front, the precentral zivina, gyrus precentralis. The upper frontal furrow lies on the upper frontal groove, gyrus frontalis superior, which occupies the upper part of the frontal part and go over to the medial surface of the pivot. Between the upper and lower frontal beards, the middle of the frontal zivin, gyrus frontalis medius, stretches. To the bottom of the lower frontal furrow, the lower lobovy zvivina, gyrus frontalis inferior, is removed. At the bottom of the zvivin, there are branches of the lateral furrow protruding from the bottom: viscid head, ramus ascendens, front head, ramus anterior. The sylvian furrow divides the lower forehead into three parts.

The pokrishechnaya part, pars opercularis, is removed from the lower side of the precentral groove. The qia part of the frontal part has given the name to the fact that it is attractive to lie in the groove of the islet part.

The triangular part, pars triangularis, is located between the viscous back and front side.

The orbital part, pars orbitalis, lies downward towards the frontal head, extending onto the lower surface of the frontal part. In a whole muscle, the lateral furrow expands and fixes the lateral fossa of the great brain, fossa lateralis cerebralis. The bottom of the center of the hole is the surface of the island part.

Behind the central furrow there is a tim'yan part, lobus parietalis. The rear cordon of the central part of the territory is a tim'yano-potilichna boroza, sulcus parietooccipitalis. Tsya borozna grows on the medial surface of the pivot, very much the upper edge of the pivot and in a short ascending transition to the upper-lateral surface. The cordon between the temporal and paralleloparts on the convexital surface of the pivkule is to serve as a line, so that the continuation of the temporal furrows goes down to the bottom. The lower borderline part is lateral furrowed (її rear head), which extends along the edge of the lower part. The upper boundary is established by the upper edge of the pivkule.

In the boundaries of the tim'ya part, there is a postcentral furrow, sulcus postcentralis. You will have to repair from the lateral furrow below and end up in the mountains, not reaching the upper edge of the pivot. The postcentral furrow lies behind the central furrow and is parallel to it. Between the central and postcentral boroses, the postcentral zivina, gyrus postcentralis, grows. In the mountains, go to the medial surface, then end up with the precentral zivino, fire the upper branches of the central furrow, and at once set up the paracentral part, lobulus paracentralis. On the upper-lateral surface of the pivkule, below, the postcentral zivina can also pass into the precentral zivina, lovingly below the lower edges of the central furrow.

From the upper edge of the postcentral furrow backward, enter the inner furrow, sulcus intraparietalis. Vaughn pass parallel to the upper edge of the pivkule. Burn down from the intra-parietal furrow, a group of other zivins, which have been named the upper tim'yanoy part, lobulus parietalis superior. Below the intra-parietal furrow lie the lower tim'yana parietal, lobulus parietalis inferior, in the boundaries of which there are two parts: supra-marginal zivina, gyrus supramarginalis, and kutovu zivina, gyrus angularis. The supra-marginal zvivina is hunted by the end of the lateral furrow, and the kutova is the end of the upper fringe furrow.

The lower part of the lower part of the temporal lobule and adjacent to its lower part of the postcentral and precentral part of the brain at once from the upper part of the lower frontal part, hovering over the islet part, creating the fronto-lateral part. In the zagalny and the whole, the cover is roasted between the viscous and rear spines of the lateral furrow and the islet part is added.

Potential part, lobus occipitalis, grows behind the temporal furrow on the medial surface and the mental extension on the upper-lateral surface of the pisculum. In some small parts of the won, there are not many large areas. Potilichna part of the back end will end with pole, polus occipitalis. Furrows and furrows on the upper-lateral surface of the tilting part of the velmy are variable. Most often and more beautifully behind them is a transversely potent sulcus, sulcus occipitalis transversa, yak bi extended posteriorly to the intra-parietal sulcus. At the posterior end, the furrow is borne in the unstable semilunar furrow, sulcus semilunaris.

Approximately 5 cm ahead of the pole of the tilted part on the lower-lateral edge of the pivkule є the death is the pre-creeping viralis, incisura preoccipitalis.

The skrone part, lobus temporalis, borrows the lower lateral parts of the tree and emerges from the frontal and temporal part of the lateral lateral groove, like the upper borderline part. The lower boundary edge of the slope is to serve as the lower-lateral edge of the pivkule. The anterior part of the fringe part is established by the fringe pole, polus temporalis. The rear ends of the early part without visible cordons move into the time part of the mountain and I will drive a part at the bottom.

The edge of the fringe part, which curtains the islet part, having been called the skrone part, operculum temporale. Two furrows are visible on the bicnaya surface of the skrone part - the upper and the lower skronev, sulci temporales superior et inferior, and more parallel to the lateral furrows. The zviviny of the low-lying parts of the orintovani vdovzh is furrowed. The upper flank of the zvivin, gyrus temporalis superior, is routed between the lateral furrow at the mountain and the upper flank at the bottom. On the upper surface of the zvivina, which is nailed in the lateral boron, two or three short transverse skrone zivini, gyri temporales transversi, are broken by transverse skrone borosi, sulci temporales transversi (Geshl's nets). Between the upper and lower skrone bears, the middle skrone zivin, gyrus temporalis medius. To the bottom of the lower skrone furrow, the lower skrone zvivin, gyrus temporalis inferior, grows. The back end of the zivini church is trivial in the potentate part.

Ostrovkova part (island), lobus insularis (insula), is located in the glybin of the lateral furrow, at the bottom of the lateral fossa of the great brain. It is possible to poke a part of it, if it is rosunuti, or if you can see it, it’s a small part of a frontal, a small part of a small part, as they didn’t have a naymenuvannya pokrishka (div. Vishche).

The Ostrivka part is a three-sided pyramid, the top of which (pole of the island) is turned anteriorly and in the direction of the lateral furrow.

The island from three sides is sharpened with a circular furrowed island, sulcus circularis insulae, yak at the lower surface of the island there is a stepwise appearance. At the same time, there is not much to grow up to - the island, limen insulae.

On the surface of the island there is a central boron island, sulcus centralis insulae. Tsia borozdіlyaє ostіvets on the anterior-upper large and posterior-lower mensha.

Besides, on the surface of the island there is a lot of zvivini. The anterior-upper part of the island is a small spit of short spines of the island, gyri breves insulae, the posterior-lower part is often one dovgu of the island, gyrus longus insulae.

The bark of the great brain covers the surface of the pvkul and sets up a great number of children behind the glybin and the length of the furrows. Mіzh boroznami roztashovanі of the size of the great zvivini.

The skin types have the following surfaces:

1. opucleus upper lateral surface, scho primikaє to internal surface cistok of the crypt of the skull
2. the lower surface, the anterior and middle sides of the cranium, or where it is shattered on the inner surface of the skull base, in the area of ​​the anterior and middle cranial fossae, and the posterior on the outline of the moss
3. the medial surface, straightened to the late brain.

There are three surfaces of the skin, turning one into one, fixing three edges. Upper edge of the upper lateral and medial surface. The lower-lateral edge leads to the upper-lateral surface from the lower. The lower-medial edge is shattered between the lower and medial surfaces.

In the case of the skin, there is the best possible appearance: frontal pole in front, backward poleward, and sideways side.

The drink is divided into five parts. Chotiri from them adjoin to the common cysts of the crypt of the skull:

1. lobova part
2. tim'yana chastka
3. Potilychna part
4. skroneva part

The fifth insular part is laid in the glybin of the lateral fossa of the great brain, but the frontal part is located in the lower part of the brain.

Furrows і zivini of the upper lateral surface

Lobova part is marked by blue Tim'yan part is designated by zhovm Skroneva part is designated by green Potilichna part is designated by rozhevim

lobova part

Lobova is a part of the central boron. Then you should fix on the medial surface of the pisculum, go to the upper-lateral surface, where along the trochis obliquely, backwards, and not reach the lateral groove of the brain.

Approximately parallel to the central boron, the precentral boron grows, the yak does not reach the upper edge of the pivkule. The precentral sulcus is well situated in front of the precentral zivine.

The upper and lower frontal furrows are directed towards the precentral furrow forward. Stink the frontal part into:

• the upper forehead zivin, the yak rots into the upper forehead furrow and move to the medial surface of the groove
• middle forehead zivin, yak to encircle the upper and lower forehead furrows. The orbital segment of the zivini crossing to the lower surface of the frontal part
• the lower forehead sulcus, which lies between the lower frontal sulcus and the lateral sulcus and the lateral sulcus spines to extend into a number of parts

Lateral furrow is one of the most glibous furrows in the brain. There is a small part of the Kremlin from the front and the time. Zalyaga lateral furrowed on the upper-lateral surface of the cutaneous eruption and going from top to bottom and forward. In the glybin of the furrow, the lateral fossa of the great brain is lost, the bottom of which is the surface of the island.

From the lateral furrows of the mountain, enter other furrows, called the heads. Naybіlsh post_inny from them є visible and front arms. The upper-posterior furrow is called the rear groove.

The lower lobovy zvivina, in the boundaries of which there is a hanging and a front head, are divided by them into three parts:

• the back is a small part, I am surrounded in front by a vishidniy gilkoy
• the middle tricyte part, where to lie between the viscous and the front arms
• the front part of the body, roztasovany between the front head and the lower-lateral edge of the frontal part

tim'yana chastka

Zalyaga from the back of the central furrow, like from the back to the front. From the lateral furrow, from the lateral furrow, from the lateral part of the lateral furrow.

Parallel to the precentral zviviny pass the postcentral. From her back, right parallel to the late line of the great brain, from where the inner beard is, how to extend the back-upper part of the time into two parts: the upper and lower parts of the time. At the lower part of the time, there are two slightly small areas: the supra-marginal one, which lies anteriorly, and locks the rear edges of the lateral furrows, and rots backwards towards the upper edge of the edge, the edge.

Between the viscid and the posterior grooves of the lateral furrow, a measles dilenca is removed from the brain, which means that it is a fronto-tim'yan pokrishka. It includes the rear part of the lower frontal part, the lower part of the precentral and postcentral part, and also the lower part of the front part of the temporal part.

Potilychna part

On the upper lateral surface, there are not many cordons, but it is often seen in the early and early part, behind the winch of the upper part of the temporal furrow, as it grows on the medical surface.

Naybilsha s furrows, transversal potilichna, borozy. In some cases, the progression posteriorly of the intra-parietal sulcus and in the posterior viddili pass into the non-permanent semilunar sulcus.

skroneva part

MAK NIBILSH is turning the cordon. At them, the lumpy lateral surface and the lower one grow. The blunt pole of the early part of the furrows is forward and downward. Laterally, the great brain is furrowed with a sharp edge towards the frontal part.

Two furrows, spread on the upper-lateral surface: the upper and lower edge furrows, following parallel to the lateral furrows, subdivide the piece into three edge sections: upper, middle and lower.

These are the slopes of the early part, which are straightened in the lateral furrow of the brain, porous with short transverse curtain furrows. Between the crimson bears, they make 2-3 short transverse skronevs, they are tied with the zvivins of the early part and the island.

Ostrivkova part

Zalyagaє at the bottom of the lateral fossa of the great brain.

Vona is a three-sided piramida, with its pinnacle pole an edge in front of and in the direction of the lateral furrow. From the periphery of the ridge of the frontal, temporal and early parts, which take part in the establishment of the stems of the lateral furrow of the brain.

The island is built with three sides, a circular furrow island.

Yogo surface is pierced by a gliboi central furrowed island. Tsia is borozdіlyaє ostіvets on the front and back parts.

On the surface there are a great number of other islands. A great front part is stored from decilkoh short zivins of the island, the back one of the last zvivin.

Furrows and medical surfaces

On the medial surface of the pivkul there are lobova, tim'yan and potilichna parts.

The belly zvivina is repaired with a podzolis field, the corpus callosum is small, and in the middle of the vuzkoy zvivina, the isthmus of the zygomatic zvivina passes into the parahippocampal zivina on the lower surface of the pivcule.

The furrow of the corpus callosum emerges from the corpus callosum and on the lower surface of the corpus callosum into the groove of the hipocampus.

The girdle zvivina is surrounded by a furrow at the top of the girdle. In the rest of the growth, the opucleus is right up to the frontal pole, the front part i back part, Yaka, following the waistline and not reaching the rear end, go to the upper edge of the great brain. The rear end of the furrow lies behind the upper end of the central furrow. Between the precentral furrow, the end of which one is good can be seen at the upper edge of the medial surface of the groove, and at the end of the lumbar furrow, the paracentral part grows.

In the middle of the zvivina, in front of the podzolous field, the media of the lobova zvivin should be repaired. Vaughn stretches to the paracentral part and the lower part of the upper frontal part.

Behind the belt furrow, there is a small chotiricutna part - the fore-wedge. Її rear cordon є gliboka tіm'yano-potilichna borozhennaya, lower - sub-parietal wedge, where the pre-wedge emerges from the rear end of the belt zivini.

Behind and below the fore-wedge, there is a triangular patch - a wedge. The opucleus of the zonishnya surface of the wedge takes care of the fate of the established poleward pole. The top of the wedge is straightened downwards and the top of the wedge can reach the rear end of the waist. With the posterior-lower cordon of the wedge є arch of the glibok, the spur is boroted, the anterior one is tim'yano-potilichna borozy.

Furrows and lower surfaces

On the lower surface of the frontal part, a nyukhova boroznaya grows. Before the middle of her, between her and the lower medical edges of the pivot, lie straight ahead. Її rear end to reach the front perforated speech. Named from the furrows to grow, the part of the lower surface of the frontal part is pitted with short orbital furrows, into a number of small, full-bodied zivins.

The lower surface of the fringe part of the glibois furrowed hipocampus is directed towards the brain. Glybin's furrow has a zalyagaє vuz'ka zvivina toothed. The front end goes into a slider, and the back one goes into a stitching zivin, piled up with a roll of corpus callosum. Laterally from the furrow there is a parahippocampal zivina. In front of the tsya zivin, I’m sweating at the viglyad_ of the slack, and in the beginning, in the movable zvivina. The parahippocampal і movable zivini from the lateral side is surrounded by a furrow cube, which should go anteriorly into the nasal furrow. The part of the lower surface of the skrone part is occupied by the media and lateral pylitic-skronevia zvivini, divided by the pylitic-skroneal furrow. Lateral to the pylitic-skronevine of the zvivina to the lower-lateral edges of the spine is seen from the lower skronevina.