Zvivini the great brain. the bark of the great pіvkul - anatomy. Lobes of the upper lateral surface

anterior brain... In its own development, the anterior brain of the dressings has a smell receptor. The world is growing and transforming into the central news nervous system, Keruyuchiy to all living organisms. The anterior brain folds from the endocrine and intermediate brain.

Kintseviy moss (telencephalon). from the peasants the bark has been borrowed a large part of the surface of the cultivars, in some of them there are a lot of structural changes, a lot of small balls are being formed. The area of ​​the measles surface of the brain is close to 220 yew. Mm2, it’s not possible to deposit in the form of a great number of borozen and zivin. Moreover, on the lumpy part of the zivin, the seizure is less than 1/3, and on the inferior and lower part of the borozenes - more than 2/3 of the measles area. In humans, more than 95% of measles is the price of bark. In the process of evolution, it is not only the growth of the brain and the acceleration of this budget, but a change in the development of the surrounding areas. A special development in humans is reached by the frontal parts, their surface becomes close to 29% of all measles surface, and masa - 50% of the weight of the brain. pіvkulі great brain from one side of the great brain, in the heart of which one can see the bottom of the callosum, confirmed by the white speech.

Three edges (upper, lower and medial) distribute pivcles on three surfaces: upper lateral, medial and lower. Skin pivkulya is divided into parts. The central boron (Ro-land) comes from the frontal part of the time, the lateral boron (Silviyeviy) is from the front and the time, the time-to-point boron is distributed to the little time. In the glybin of the lateral furrow, an insular part grows. There are more furrows in the area. In the lower ssavts, the surface of the pivkul is smooth (for example, summaries, comahoids, grizzlies). The folding of the relationship in the world of the Evolution is tied to the development of measles. In the intrauterine period, it is a step to see a gyrification (formulation of zivin). On the smooth spatula of the great brain of the fetus, furrows of the first order appear step by step: lateral - up to the 4th month, temporal and central - on the 6th month; on the 7-8th - there are fewer furrows of a different order, before the people and stretching of the 1st month of the month - the furrows of the third order, negligible, are perceived as an individual minuscule and inappropriate. Upper-lateral surface of the great brain. lobova part... A number of furrows run along the zivini: right parallel to the central boron, in front of it pass the pre-central boron, yaka in front of central zivin... from before central furrow bolsh-mensch horizontally pass forward two furrows, which distribute the upper, middle and lower foreheads. Tim'yan part. Postcentral boroza vіdokremlyuє to the same zivinu; horizontal internal borozdіlає upper and lower tim'yanі partlets. Potilychna part to be distributed on a splinter of zivins by borozy, from which the most permanent є is transverse potilichna borozy. skroneva part... Two late furrows - the upper and lower skronevі are three skronevі zvivini: upper, middle

i bottom. Ostrivkova part to grow in the glybin of the lateral furrow. Gliboka krugova borozna island of the Kremlin from the last years of the summer. Media on the surface of the great brain... In coverage medial surfaces pіvkulі of the great brain take on the fate of all th part, except for the ostіvtsevs. The bears of the corpus callosum are pointed at the top, the corpus callosum is visible at the waist, straight from the bottom and forward, and progresses into the furrow of the hipocampus. Above the lumbar zvivinoy pass the girdle boron, to repair to the front and to the bottom towards the corpus callosum, go up the hill, turn back, straight parallel to the corpus callosum. On the edge of the ridge, from the zonal furrow up the hill, the edge of the region goes, and the furrow itself is trivial into the sub-parietal furrow. The craiowa part of the lumbar furrows is flanked by the navkolocentralny part in the back, and the fore-wedge in front. To the bottom and to the back through the isthmus of the belly of the zivina, to pass into the parahippocampal zivina, which ends in front of the slider and is surrounded by a furrow hipocampus above. Let me explain the zvivin, the isthmus and the parahippocampal zvivin should be united under the name of the crypt. In the gibin furrow of the hipocampus, the teeth of the zvivin are removed. The median surface of the pylitic part is bordered by the temporal-cavernous furrow through the temporal part. From the posterior pole of the napiv-Shariya to the isthmus of the crypt, there is often a spur-borne pass through the crypt, as it is surrounded by the movny zvivina from the top. A wedge grows between the tim'yan-tilichnoy furrowed in front and spurred below, a wedge grows, we go kut forward. The lower surface of the great brain maє naybilsh folding relay. In front, the lower surface of the frontal part is rounded off, behind it is the skrone pole and the lower surface of the skrone and pylic lobes, between some mute boundaries. On the lower surface frontal part Parallel to the late nyukhov line, pass the nyukhov boron, to the bottom of the nyukhov cybulin, and the scent tract, which is trivial to the scent tricycle. Between the late slit and the scent furrow, the straight zvivin is grown. Laterally from the scent furrow lie inside the zivini. Movny zivina of the tiled part is surrounded by a number of lateral furrow, Yaka go to the lower surface early part, Rozdіlyayuchi parahippocampal and medіal pylichno-skronevu іsіchіini. In front of the collateral, there is a nasal furrow, which is flanked by the anterior end of the parahippocampal zivini - a hitch.

73 Budova measles great mozu. The bark of the great brain is set in a gray speech, as if to lie on the periphery (on top of) the injections of the great brain. Measles production in small poultry dishes is prone to range from 1.3 to 5 mm. For the first time, V. A. Betz's doctrines showed that budov and mutually the growth of neurons is not the same in young measles cases, which is the origin of the neurocytoarchitectonics of measles. Clitini bilsh-mensh of the same structure grows in the viglyadi okremikh balls (plates). In the new cortex of the great brain, there are a number of spheres of neurons. In other types of changes, the number of balls, the nature of the fibers, the size of the cells, the number of types and T. D. The number of changes, the 1st is a molecular ball, in a new way there are other multipolar asymmetric neurons. The 2nd ball - the callous granular - statements of powerless other multipolar neurons. 3rd - the widest, pyramid ball to avenge the neurons of the pyramidal form, which is magnified straight from the top to the bottom. 4th ball of internal granular formations by other neurons of the spinal form. At the 5th ball - the inner pyramidal one, which is the best kind of apology in the precentral part, there are piracy cells, seen by V.A. The 6th ball has polymorphic cells of rostasovan neurons small form and sizes (fig. 186). The number of neurons in the cortex reaches 10-14 billion. The nerve fibers grow in the skin ball of the skin, in addition to the nerve cells. Budova and the proficiency of the malignant is also not the same in the children of measles; The particularity of the growth of fibers in the cerebral cortex is called the term "myeloarchitectonics". K. Brodman in 1903-1909 rr. I saw 52 cytoarchitectonic fields in the cortex. O. Vogt and Ts. Vogt (1919-1920 rr.) In the cortex of the brain, 150 microarchitectonic discs were described in the fiber buds. In the Institute of the Academy of Medical Sciences SRSR lectures cytoarchitectonic fields of measles in the human brain (I, N. Filimonov, S. A. Sarkisov).

Localization of functions in the cortex of the great brain... At the bark of the great brain, an analysis of the subtleties is brought up, as it comes from the nascent call and inner middle. The greatest number of afferent impulses pass through the nuclei of the thalamus to the cells of the 3rd and 4th balls of the great measles brain. At the bark of the great brain, the center of the brain grows, which regulates the singing functions. І. P. Pavlov, having looked at the bark of the great brain, yak the supremacy of the crimson kins of analysts. Under the term "analyzer" there is a foldable complex of anatomical structures, which is stored in a peripheral receptor (spryman) apparatus, a conductor of nerve impulses in the center. In the process of evolution, localization of functions is seen in the cortex of the great brain. The corky end of the analyzer - don't be strictly protected by the zone. In the bark of the great brain, the "core" of the sensory system and the "development of elements" is developed. The nucleus is a process for the development of the greatest number of measles neurons, in which all structures of the peripheral receptor are precisely designed. Rosemount elements are rosted close to the kernel and at different times. As in the core there is a general analysis and synthesis, then in the elements there are more simple ones. With a wide range of "rosy elements" of young analysts, they do not miss the clear between and go one-on-one. The localization of the nuclei of the analyzer is discernible according to the cytoarchitectonic maps to the Institute of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. At the bark of the postcentral zivini and the upper tim'yano parcels will fill nucleus of the cortical analyzer of proprioceptive and extravagant sensitivity(Temperature, pain, dotic) of the prototypal half of the body. With a lot closer to the late slit, the brain is rosted out of the cortex of the analyzer of sensitivity. the lower definitions and lower forms of the tulub, and the most low at the lateral furrow, the receptor fields of the upper parts of the body and the head are designed. Roche Analyzer Core to be the leading rank in the precentral and paracentral part on the medial surface of the pituitary ("ruhov area of ​​measles"). In the upper part of the precentral part and the paracentral part of the center of the mouth of the lower part and the very bottom part of the tulub. At the lower part of the lateral furrow there is a center, which regulates the power of the muzzles of the face and the head. Rukhovi areas of the skin skeletal meat protylezhny side of the body. M'yazy kіntsіvok Isolated tied with one of pivkul, mu'yazi tuluba, larynx and pharynx tied with the ruff areas of both pіvkul. In both centers described, the size of the projected zones of the growing organs is not based on the size of the remaining, but from the functional significance. So, the penzel zone in the bark of the great brain is much larger, below the zone and tulub and lower pictures, taken at once. On the beast to the edge of the middle part of the upper, early zivini to be auditory analyzer nucleus... Before the skin scent, there is a way to go to the receptors of the organs in the hearing as well as right side. core healthy analyzer roztashovuєtsya on the medial surface of the pylitic part of the great spur along the side ("on the banks") of the spur furrow. The core of the healthy analyzer of the right eye is tied with the lateral halfway of the right eye and the medial polo with the wine of the left eye, the left - the lateral half of the heart of the right eye.

Corky tip of scent analyzer- tse gachok, as well as old and ancient bark. old bark grow in the area hipocampus and teeth zivini, ancient times- in the area front perforated to the open space, clear-cut partitions and scent zivini... The breeders are close to rosetting the kernels of scent and relish analyzers in the sense of scent and relish. The nucleus of the relish and scent analyzer in both spirits are tied with wire paths to the receptors both on the one hand and on the right side.

Describes the cortical functions of the analyzer in the process of analyzing and synthesizing the signals, so that it can come from the most recent and internal center of the organism, so that it becomes the first signaling system of performance (I.P. Pavlov). On a first-name basis, the signal system is tied only to humans and tied with the development of articulated movable.

Mova and the people's misery At the same hour, in the heart of the great brain of the people є zoni, which are centers of a whole series of special functions, connected with the promotions. Rukhovi analizators of usny and letter writing roztashovuyutsya in areas of measles frontal part, nestled to the precentral zivina close to the nucleus of the roc analyzer. Analyzer of healthy and auditory spraying movi to be found close to the nuclei of the analyzers in the ear and hearing. With a large number of analysts, right-handed people are localized to deprive the left of the pivot, and in the left-handed - to the right-handed.

74 Basal (subcortical central) nucleus and speech cord of the endocrine marrow ... At the comrade of the white speech of the skin of the great brain, the purchase of the old speech, so that the kernels lie close to the ground, which will fill the closest to the base of the brain. Cy nuclei are called basal (pidkirkovy central). Before them, it’s smazas tilo, yak at the lower ridge depots, I will cross the pivkul masu; fencing and fencing. It is darker than the caudate and lenticular nuclei. The tail of the nucleus grows laterally and outward from the thalamus, being lifted from the thermally pronounced male. The nucleus has a head, which is covered in the frontal part and the lower part of the lower part of the bottom, the bottom part ... A comrade about the growing nucleus rots out laterally from the caudate. Prospecting of white speech is an internal capsule, from the lenticular nucleus of the caudate and of the thalamus. In the lenticular nucleus, the bladia grows (medially) and shkaralupa (laterally). The name of the capsule (vuzka smuzhka of bіloї speech) comes from the Kremlin from the fence. The kernels of the swarthy body will set up the striopallidary system, the yak, extra systems, Take your part in the management of the ruha, the regulation of the meat tone.

The fencing is roasted in the bile of the spine of the lateral lenticular nucleus between it and the bark of the island. Migdally similar to the ground in the bile speech of the early part of the pivcule, 1.5-2 cm behind the edge of the edge of the pole. The inner capsule and fibers are introduced to the small speech, so they pass through the adhesions to the brain (corpus callosum, anterior adhesion, adhesion to the star) and go straight to measles and basal nuclei, stars, as well as fiber systems, through the coronal center in the boundaries of one half of the brain (pivkuly). The front end of the corpus callosum, its length, the progression of the body, bend forward; back - roller, rounding; mіzh them roztashovutsya tіlo. Dziob go downstairs to the guesswork of the terminal board. From the calluses til the zalyagє stars (also folds from the white speech) at the viglyadі two z'ednanih in the middle of the arches, which converge in front, firing up to the star, go down through the hillock in the nipple. Behind the star, the star should diverge and be separated from one another by a spike. Nizhka, going down, go into the fringe, yak reach the lower horn of the biches, depress to the hippocampus. The lower surface of the corpus callosum in the middle grows behind the corpus callosum. Between the lower surface of the anterior half of the corpus callosum (including the first number and the dzhob), two plates should be inserted into the sagittal area with a gap in the septum, so that they are surrounded by the empty space.

75 Reticular formation is the supremacy of cells, cell purchases of and nerve fibers, rosted in the brain middle brain) I make a hemline. The reticular formation is tied with the organs of the senses, the ruddy and sensitive disks of the great measles, the thalamus and the hypothalamus, the spinal cord. Vona regulate the level of anxiety and the tone of the growing diseases of the central nervous system, including the cortex of the great brain, take care of the role in the regulation of the level of sleepiness and lack of sleep, vegetative functions, and cerebral problems.

On the medial and lower surfaces, there are a number of statements that can be applied to limbic systems... Prior to the limbic system, carry the snuff cybulin, the snuff tract, the snuff tricycle, the anterior perforated speech, rosette on the lower surface of the frontal part (peripheral viddil scent brain), As well as explanatory, parahippocampal (at once with a hook) and the tooth part of the zivini. Suddenly touch sensory information from scent structures, Fibers which are repaired in scent tsibulin. In addition, the function is included in the organization of behavioral reactions of the individual in response to the influx of the most recent middle ground.

76 The brain(Diencephalon) of retouching on corns, to be stored from the thalamus, epithalamus, metathalamus and hypothalamus.

thalamus(Zoroviy Bugor) - a guy, ovoid form, appointing the head rank with a gray speech. Both the medial and the posterior surface are visible, the good is seen on the growth of the brain, the anterior is enlarged with the hypothalamus, the lateral adhesion to the inner capsule. Thalamus is the center of all kinds of sensitiveness. The anterior end (anterior hump) of the thalamus of exacerbation, the posterior (pillow) of rounding. The median surface of the right and left thalamus, one to one, is used to set up many stinks of emptying to the brain - III slunker, the stench from the interthalamic children. epithalamus Including pineal glands, children and tricyxes. Pineal-shaped, or epiphiz, which is a zloza of the internal secretion, which is a bias on two habits, which are connected by adhesion and tied to the thalamus behind an additional tricycle. In tricycles, the nuclei are embedded in the nucleus, which is presented to the scent analyzer.

metathalamus of the statements of the paired medial and lateral lumbar bodies, scho to lie behind the cutaneous thalamus. Medially, the geniculate body is located behind the thalamus cushion, along with the lower humps of the plate covering the middle brain (quadruple) by the center of the auditory analyzer. Lateral retouching from the bottom to the bottom of the pillow, right at the same time with the upper humps of the plate dahu є the center of the healthy analyzer. The nuclei of the lamellar bodies are tied with the cortical centers of the auditory and auditory analyzer.

77 Hypothalamus, it is a ventral part of the midbrain, it grows anteriorly towards the brain, and includes a number of structures, which may be rather walking - from the brain's brain it starts to move anteriorly to the front of the zorovy part (good hypocrisis, healthy tract) from the industrial area - the scent part (nipple-shaped tila and vasne pidtalamic area - subbug). The functional role of the hypothalamus is even greater. At the new center of the vegetative part of the nervous system, the neurons of the hypothalamus secrete neurohormones (vasopresin and oxytocin), as well as factors that stimulate or reduce the release of hormones by the hypophysis. The hypothalamus is the center of regulation of endocrine functions, it is connected to the common nerves and endocrine regulatory mechanisms in the neuroendocrine system, coordinates the nerves and hormonal mechanisms of regulation of functions internal organs ... In hypothalamus, neurons of the pernicious type and neurosecretory cells. The first and foremost vyroblyayut bіlkovі secrets and medіators, protein neurosecretory cells, protein synthesis is transplanted, and neurosecret is seen in lymph and shelter (B.V. Aloshin). Cycling cells transform a nerve impulse into a neurohormonal one. The hypothalamus has established a single functional complex with the hypophysis, in which I regulate, and the other effective role. Hypothalamus has more than 30 pairs of nuclei. The great neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the anterior hypothalamic region, the neurosecretory cells of the peptide nature (first - vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone, others - oxytocin) Other neurons of the nuclei of the medial hypothalamic zone (arcuate, serotonous, ventromedial, infundibular, in front of the visual field) viroblyuyut rely-zing-factor, or liberinia, and also admit a factor, to signal in front of the statin, tropic hormones of peripheral endocrine vines. Releasing factors receive vivilnenny thyro-, luteo-, corticotropin, prolactin, follitropin, somatotropin and melanotropin. Statini gallows the vision of the remaining two hormones and prolactin. In the medial hypothalamus, neurons are lined up, which take all the changes that appear in the blood and spinal cord (temperature, storage, hormones, etc.). The medial hypothalamus of dressings is also of the lateral hypothalamus. There are no nuclei, but there are no two-sided links with the establishment of the eye and the lower level in the brain. Medial hypothalamus є with a complete lanka between the nervous and endocrine systems. In the rest of the rocks from the hypothalamus, the visions of enkephalin and endorphin (peptides), which are also morphine-like ones, are seen. Vvazhayut, how the stench take a part in the regulation of behavior and vegetative processes. In front of the rear perforated speech, lie two small curls of nipple-like bodies, set with a gray speech, we will cover the white with a thin ball. The nuclei of the papillary bodies are the pidkirkovy centers of the scent analyzer. In the lower ridge molded nipple-shaped bodies, it is mute; ssavts (before primates) have one body, and if primates have two bodies. In front of the nipple-like bodies, the gray hillock, which is in front of the encirclement with a green cross and a green path, is a thin plate of blue speech at the bottom of the III duck, which is twisted to the bottom and in front of the funnel. Kinets її go into hipophys - a zloza of the internal secretion, roztashovanu in the gipofizarnoy yamtsi of the Turkish seat. The height of the crossing, which is located in front of the gray hillock, is trivial in front of the heart of the nerves, behind and laterally - in the heights of the paths, which reach the right and left lateral parts of the body. In gray humps, the nuclei of the autonomic nervous system are covered. The stench is also injected into the people's reactions. A part of the intermediate brain, rostasovana lower than the thalamus, and is fixed from the hypothalamic furrow, the warehouse is vasne hypothalamus. Suddenly there are pokrishki nіzhok to the brain, here the red nucleus and the black speech of the middle brain end. Porozhnina of the brain - III slut(Ventriculus tertius) yavlyaє him vuzke, roztashovane in sagіtalnіy ploschinі schіlinopodіbnі Prostir, obmezheny of bokіv medіalnimi surface of the thalamus, znizu gіpotalamusom, front stovpami zvodu, perednoї Spike that termіnalnoї platіvkoyu, zzadi epіtalamіchna (zadnіy) Spike zverhu - sklepіnnyam over Yakim roztashovuєtsya calloused tilo. Vlasne upper wall is fixed by the court base of the III lumberjack, in the yaky bed of the court gossip. Porozhnina III backward pass into the water supply of the middle brain, and in the front from the sides through the middle opening, open to go with the little ones.

78 Middle brain (Mesencephalon). In the process of evolution, the middle brain becomes aware of fewer changes, less changes to the brain. Yogo development of dressings from good health and hearing analyzers. Up to the middle brain, the lower brain and the middle brain are introduced. nіzhki to the brain- tse bіlі rounded (to reach the goods) heavy, how to go from the bridge and straight forward to the pіvkul of the great brain. Between the bottom of the hole, the middle hole is pushed out, at the bottom of which you can see the back perforated speech. From the furrows on the medial surface of the cutaneous foot, enter the okorulovy nerve (III pair cranial nerves). Skin nizhka is stored from pokrishki and from delivery, by cordon between them є chorna rechovina. Color to deposit from the great amount of melanin in yogo nerve cells... Chorne speech is carried to the extra system, as it takes care of the fate of the muscular tone and automatically regulates the robot's muscular tone. The podstava of the nizhka is fixed by nerve fibers, so that it travels from the measles to the brain into the spinal cord and the middle. Pokrishka nіzhok to the brain to avenge the head rank of the viscid fibers, scho straight up to the thalamus, in the middle of the nucleus. The greatest of them are the chervonі kernels, from which to repair the motorized red-nuclear-spinal cord paths. In addition, the reticular formation and the nucleus of the dorsal lateral bundle (intermediate nucleus) are formed in the course of the process. Have a dahu middle brain They develop a plate of dahu (quadruple), but it can be stored from chotiroh biluvatih humps - two upper (pidkirkovіcentri of the healthy analyzer) and two lower (pіdkіrkovіcenters of the auditory analyzer). Have a pineal-like shape near the dead with the upper humps. From the skin hump on the sides to brain to enter the handles: the handle of the upper hump - up to the lateral one, the handle of the lower hump - up to the medial number. The four-hill is a central reflexive center of the growing family of rukhiv, which is the head rank for the inflow of healthy and auditory teasing. From the nuclei of the cich hump along the cob, carry out a path, which ends on the cells of the anterior horns of the spinal cord. Water supply to the middle brain(Sylviyu water supply) - a vuzky canal, which is located on the bottom of the III and IV slings, at the top of the dahu between the plate, the bottom is pokrishka to the brain, I don’t change the bottom of the canal, 2 cm. III and IV pairs of cranial nerves, and also the vegetative nucleus (Yakubovich), the unpaired middle nucleus and the nucleus of the midbrain path trivial nerve. Isthmus of the rhomboid brain(Isthmus rhombencephali) of the statements of the upper cerebellar loops, the upper cerebellar vitril and the loop tricot. The upper cerebellar sail is a thin lamina, rostchavanny between the cerebellum from above and the upper cerebellar sails on the sides. Remain at once with vitril to mold the anterior-upper part of the dachu of the IV slut to the brain. The tricot of the loop is encircled in front of the handle of the lower hump, above and behind the upper cerebellar lower, laterally lateral groove, evidently on the outer surface of the lower brain. In the tricycle, the loop has a lateral (auditory) loop, which is a part of the auditory to guide the way.

79 Posterior brain

міст ( Varoliev Mist) (pons) to be deprived of the workers in connection with the development of the cloak to the brain, the people have the greatest development. The place of the view is at the view of the recumbent transversely thickened ridge, towards the lateral side of the yoke on the right and towards the middle of the lobes. The posterior surface of the bridge, covered with a cerebellum, takes part in the established rhomboid pit, the anterior (Lying down to the base of the skull) between the lower brain and the lower brain in the mountain. Vona is cross-linked in a tie with a cross-section of the fibers, as it goes out of the vlast nuclei to the bridge in the middle of the cerebellum of the lower leg. On the front surface of the bridge, along the middle line, the basilar boron was later roasted, in which there is a single artery. On the frontal opening through the misst, two parts are visible: anterior (main basilar) and rear (pokrishka). The place is stored from the powerless nerve fibers, so that the conductive paths are located in the middle of the nucleus purchases. The conductive paths of the anterior (basilar) part tie the cortex of the great brain with the spinal cord and with the cortex of the cerebellum. Use the fibers to cover the cores of the bridge. At the rear part of the bridge (pokryshtsi) pass through the main paths and frequent decline, the reticular formation, nuclei V, VI, VII, VIII pairs of cranial nerves grow. On the cordon, between the parts of the bridge, lie a trapezoidal body, fixed with nuclei and transversely blow with fibers to guide the auditory analyzer.

80 Posterior brain(Metencephalon). Before the posterior cerebrum, the cerebrum is carried out, the retract ventrally, and the cerebellum lies behind the bridge.

lobe (Cerebellum) is the main role in education and coordination. All the backbone creatures have a little cornrow, the development of which lies in the nature of the creature's rucks. Most of the development of the brain is reached by the people in the connection with the uprightness and the attachment of the hand to the point. At the conjunction of the cym in humans, there is a strongly developed pivcule (new part) of the corn. Two bulges of the surface of the cornice - the upper and lower - are divided by the transverse rear edges, before passing through the horizontal slit. In biches' viddils, a horizontal furrow takes the cob at the point of entry into the medulla of the middle ear. The corn has two spikes and an unpaired middle phylogenetically old part - a worm. The magnitude of the cerebrospinal fluid is the magnitude of the infusion of the great brain and bridge. The surface of the worms and worms break out the transverse parallel furrows, between the bright leaves of the moss. Zavdyaky tsomu yogo surface near the growth of the people in the warehouse in the middle 850 cm2. At the moss, the anterior, posterior and klochkova-nodular parts grow, emerging from the lumpy ridges. The stench is fixed by the little parts of the corn. The furrows of the moss are susceptible and pass from the worm to the pisculus, so the skin part of the worm is tied with the right and left parts of the worm. Claptics (Flocculi) are the most isolated and phylogenetically old parts of the pimples, which adhere from the skin side to the ventral surface of the middle cerebellar lint and the bandage with the lower worm in the lower part of the brain. The lobe is stored from the syroi and the biological speech. Bila speech (cerebral tilo), penetrating through the gray, like bunching, making up the little bras, nagaduyuchi on the middle growth of the figurine of a branching tree - the "tree of life" of the corn. In addition, in comrade white speech є the purchase of syroe is a pair of nuclei: the most, the most new - the toothed nucleus, rosette laterally in the gut of the cornus; medial to the yogo - cork-like, more medial - to the kulast and the most medial is the core of the tent. Afferent and efferent fibers, which ring the cerebellum with the smaller ones, make three bets of the cerebellar lobes: the lower ones go to the big brain, the middle ones - to the bridge, the upper ones - to the quadruples. A dermal leaf (zvivin) of the corn is a thin projectile of white speech, covered with bark (gray speech). In the cortex, there are three balls: the outer ball is molecular, the middle is the ball of pear-shaped neurons (ganglion), and the inner is granular (Fig. 195). In molecular and granular balls, fill in the main neuron. Large pear-shaped neurons (clitini Purkin) with sizes up to 40 microns, roztasovany in the middle ball in one row, - the central neurons of the cornsus. Oh axoni, how to come in from the base of the bodies, to set the cob lanka of the current paths. The stench is directed to the neurons of the nuclei of the cornsus, and the dendrites grow into the surface molecular ball. Rashta neurons measles corns є are inserted, associative, which transmit nerves and impulses to piriform neurons. In such a rank, all nerve impulses that come into the cortex of the cortex, reach the pear-shaped neurons. Until the moment of the people’s mozok mensh of accusations, it was kintsevym brain(Especially pіvkulі), but on the first rotsі life wіn develop more quickly wіddіlіv the brain. The appearance of the growth of the corns is meant between the 5th and 11th months of life, if the child is able to sit and walk. The masochus of the newborn becomes close to 20 g, in 3 months it will start fighting, in 5 months it will grow 3 times, in the end of the 9th month - 4 times. Because of the growth of the brain, up to 6 years of weight can reach the lower limits of the growth of people (for boys - 142-150 g, for women - 125-135 g). Masa moose oversized people 120-160 m

81 Prodigal brain (Medulla oblongata) є without spinal cord extensions. The lower cordon interferes with the origin of the roots of the 1st spinal spinal nerve, along the intersection of the paramids, the upper - the rear edge of the bridge, the length of the bridge is close to 25 mm, the shape is close to the truncated front cone, "the frontal front. the sides of which are expanded in the middle, fixed by the bundles of nerve fibers in the lower brains of the nerves of the lower brains, often transformed (crossed of the pyramids) in the gibs described in the descriptions of the lines at the intervals in the spinal marrow. ridge, to form in conjunction with the development of new measles and the most beautiful turn in humans. spinal cord, before converge, passing into the lower lobes of the lower part. Remain encircled below the diamond-shaped fossa. The posterior cord is folded in two bundles - wedge-shaped (lateral) and thin (medial), near the lower cut of the rhomboid-shaped fossa, end with humps, to replace the wedge-shaped and thinner nucleus. Dovgasty brain of motives from the synoy and syroi speech, the rest is represented by the nuclei of the IX-XII pairs of cranial nerves, olives, centers of energy and blood circulation, reticular formation. Bila speech is approved by high and short fibers, storage of all kinds of conductors.

82 Shlunochkіv system

bichny slunk(Ventriculus lateralis). Porozhninami pivkul great mozka є bicnі slunochki(I і II), roztasovani in comrade bіloї speech because of calluses tіlom.

Yak meant, the skin is stored in 5 parts: frontal, tim'yanoy, pylitic, early and insular.

In the anterior view of the cutaneous effusion of the great brain, the lobe part, lobus frontalis, is interrupted. In front of it, it ends with a frontal pole protruding forward, polus frontalis, at the bottom it is surrounded by a lateral furrow, sulcus lateralis (Sylvian boron), which is seen from the frontal part, and behind the glibous central part of the central part

Central Borozna (Rolandova Boroza) roztasovana at the frontal area. You should fix it with a short winding at the upper part of the medial surface of the tree, the upper edge, go down, not digesting, along the convexital surface of the tree down and end, three not reaching the forest.

In front of the central furrow, and parallel to it, the precentral furrow, sulcus precentralis, grows. At the bottom, there is no reach to the lateral furrow, up to the top - not to reach the upper edge. The precentral furrow is not easy to digest in the middle part and to be stored in two independent furrows: the upper and the lower.

From the precentral furrow, the upper and lower forehead furrows, sulci frontales superior et inferior, are directed forward. The stench of rosetting may be parallel, one to one, and extend the upper lateral surface of the frontal part on the zivini.

Between the central sulcus posteriorly and the precentral sulcus in front, the precentral zivina, gyrus precentralis. verkhnya vishche frontal furrow lay the upper lobovy zivin, gyrus frontalis superior, take the upper part of the frontal part and go to the medial surface of the pivkule. Between the upper and lower frontal beards, the middle of the frontal zivin, gyrus frontalis medius, stretches. To the bottom of the lower frontal furrow, the lower lobovy zvivina, gyrus frontalis inferior, is removed. At the bottom of the zvivin, there are branches of the lateral furrow protruding from the bottom: viscid head, ramus ascendens, front head, ramus anterior. The trough of the sylvian furrow extends to the lower forehead zivin into three parts.

The pokrishechnaya part, pars opercularis, is removed from the lower side of the precentral groove. The qia part of the frontal part has given the name to the fact that it is attractive to lie in the groove of the islet part.

The triangular part, pars triangularis, is located between the viscous back and front side.

The orbital part, pars orbitalis, lies downward towards the frontal head, extending onto the lower surface of the frontal part. In a whole muscle, the lateral furrow expands and fixes the lateral fossa of the great brain, fossa lateralis cerebralis. The bottom of the center of the hole is the surface of the island part.

Behind the central furrow there is a tim'yan part, lobus parietalis. The rear cordon of the central part of the territory is a tim'yano-potilichna boroza, sulcus parietooccipitalis. Tsya borozna grows on the medial surface of the pivot, very much the upper edge of the pivot and in a short ascending transition to the upper-lateral surface. The cordon between the temporal and paralleloparts on the convexital surface of the pivkule is to serve as a line, so that the continuation of the temporal furrows goes down to the bottom. The lower borderline part is lateral furrowed (її rear head), which extends along the edge of the lower part. The upper boundary is established by the upper edge of the pivkule.

In the boundaries of the tim'ya part, there is a postcentral furrow, sulcus postcentralis. You will have to repair from the lateral furrow below and end up in the mountains, not reaching the upper edge of the pivot. The postcentral furrow lies behind the central furrow and is parallel to it. Between the central and postcentral boroses, the postcentral zivina, gyrus postcentralis, grows. In the mountains, go to the medial surface, then end up with the precentral zivino, fire the upper branches of the central furrow, and at once set up the paracentral part, lobulus paracentralis. On the upper-lateral surface of the pivkule, below, the postcentral zivina can also pass into the precentral zivina, lovingly below the lower edges of the central furrow.

From the upper edge of the postcentral furrow backward, enter the inner furrow, sulcus intraparietalis. Vaughn pass parallel to the upper edge of the pivkule. Burn down from the intra-parietal furrow, a group of other zivins, which have been named the upper tim'yanoy part, lobulus parietalis superior. Below the intra-parietal furrow lie the lower tim'yana parietal, lobulus parietalis inferior, in the boundaries of which there are two parts: supra-marginal zivina, gyrus supramarginalis, and kutovu zivina, gyrus angularis. The supra-marginal zvivina is hunted by the end of the lateral furrow, and the kutova is the end of the upper fringe furrow.

The lower part of the lower part of the temporal lobule and adjacent to its lower part of the postcentral and precentral part of the brain at once from the upper part of the lower frontal part, hovering over the islet part, creating the fronto-lateral part. In the zagalny and the whole, the cover is roasted between the viscous and rear spines of the lateral furrow and the islet part is added.

Potential part, lobus occipitalis, grows behind the temporal furrow on the medial surface and the mental extension on the upper-lateral surface of the pisculum. In some small parts of the won, there are not many large areas. Potilichna part of the back end will end with pole, polus occipitalis. Furrows and furrows on the upper-lateral surface of the tilting part of the velmy are variable. Most often and more beautifully behind them is a transversely potent sulcus, sulcus occipitalis transversa, yak bi extended posteriorly to the intra-parietal sulcus. At the posterior end, the furrow is borne in the unstable semilunar furrow, sulcus semilunaris.

Approximately 5 cm ahead of the pole of the tilted part on the lower-lateral edge of the pivkule є the death is the pre-creeping viralis, incisura preoccipitalis.

The skrone part, lobus temporalis, borrows the lower lateral parts of the tree and emerges from the frontal and temporal part of the lateral lateral groove, like the upper borderline part. The lower boundary edge of the slope is to serve as the lower-lateral edge of the pivkule. The anterior part of the fringe part is established by the fringe pole, polus temporalis. The rear ends of the early part without visible cordons move into the time part of the mountain and I will drive a part at the bottom.

The edge of the fringe part, which curtains the islet part, having been called the skrone part, operculum temporale. Two furrows are visible on the bicnaya surface of the skrone part - the upper and the lower skronev, sulci temporales superior et inferior, and more parallel to the lateral furrows. The zviviny of the low-lying parts of the orintovani vdovzh is furrowed. The upper flank of the zvivin, gyrus temporalis superior, is routed between the lateral furrow at the mountain and the upper flank at the bottom. On the upper surface of the zvivina, which is nailed in the lateral boron, two or three short transverse skrone zivini, gyri temporales transversi, are broken by transverse skrone borosi, sulci temporales transversi (Geshl's nets). Between the upper and lower skrone bears, the middle skrone zivin, gyrus temporalis medius. To the bottom of the lower skrone furrow, the lower skrone zvivin, gyrus temporalis inferior, grows. The back end of the zivini church is trivial in the potentate part.

Ostrovkova part (island), lobus insularis (insula), is located in the glybin of the lateral furrow, at the bottom of the lateral fossa of the great brain. It is possible to poke a part of it, if it is rosunuti, or if you can see it, it’s a small part of a frontal, a small part of a small part, as they didn’t have a naymenuvannya pokrishka (div. Vishche).

The Ostrivka part is a three-sided pyramid, the top of which (pole of the island) is turned anteriorly and in the direction of the lateral furrow.

The island from three sides is sharpened with a circular furrowed island, sulcus circularis insulae, yak at the lower surface of the island there is a stepwise appearance. At the same time, there is not much to grow up to - the island, limen insulae.

On the surface of the island there is a central boron island, sulcus centralis insulae. Tsia borozdіlyaє ostіvets on the anterior-upper large and posterior-lower mensha.

Besides, on the surface of the island there is a lot of zvivini. The anterior-upper part of the island is a small spit of short spines of the island, gyri breves insulae, the posterior-lower part is often one dovgu of the island, gyrus longus insulae.