Pobudova eyes. Budova full-time apple people

In full-time apple there are 2 poles: back and front. Stand between them in the middle become 24 mm. Wono є the best size full-time apple... The main mass of the rest is to become the inner core. Tse prozore vm_st, yak otochene three shells. Before this warehouse, there is a watery vologue, a crystal, and from both sides, the core of a full-time apple will feel three shells of the eye: fibrozna (zovnishnya), sudinna (middle) and sitchasta (internal). Let me tell you about the skin from them.

zovnishnya obolonka

Naymіtsnіshoyu є the name of the shell of the eye, fibrous. Itself zavdyaki їy very yabluko zdatne pіdtrimuvaty your form.

rogivka

The horn, or the horny sheath, is the smallest, the anterior viddil. The size should be close to 1/6 the size of the whole shell. Rogіvka in full-time yablutsі є the most opaque part. Behind its viglyad tse, the uvigno-opukla, the spike is podovzhena the line, the yak is twisted back by the curved surface. Close to 0.5 mm of stock Її horizontal door diameter 11-12 mm. The vertical dimension is 10.5-11 mm.

Rogіvka is the opening of the shell of the eye. Vona has a connective tissue stroma in its warehouse, as well as a stroma, which forms a vasne speech. From the rear and front surfaces to the stroma, lay the rear and front side plates. Remaining is the main speech of the rogue (vidozminene), іnsha to the old endothelium, which covers the back surface, and also whistles the entire front camera of the eye. Bagatosharovy epithelium covered the front surface of the horn. Win to go without a short cord in the epitheliy of the full shell. Through the homogeneity of the tissue, as well as the visibility of the lymphatic and blood-bearing vesicles, the horn, on the vidmin from the offensive ball, which is the white shell of the eye, the gap. Let's turn now to describe the scleri.

Bilkova

Bilkov's shell of the eye is called the sclera. The whole big, rear end of the last shell, should become close to 1/6 of the part of the її. The sclera is a nezposredn progression of horns. However, the won is approved, on the basis of the last, fibers from the resulting fabric (naphtha) from the house of the other fibers - elastic. Bilkovu shell of the eye, before the opacity. Bilkova go to the action. The bezel is located on the cordon between them. Yogo is called the edge of the horn. Now, you know, yak, the sheath of the eye. Look only on the very cob, b_lya horns.

viddili scleri

At the anterior view of the zoning, the surface of the sclera is covered with a conjunctiva. Tse ochі. Іnkshe її is called connective tissue. As for the back end, then here її pokriva deprived of endotheliy. That inner surface of the sclera, the yak, is tainted to the court obolontsi, also covered with endothelium. The sclera is not the same in every way. Naytonshiy dilyanka is a misce, de її to penetrate the fibers of the zorovy nerve, which goes out from the apple. Here the plate is formed. The sclera is the best in the circumference of the green nerve. Vona become here from 1 to 1.5 mm. Poten tovschina change, the ekvoretor has a reach of 0.4-0.5 mm. Go to the area of ​​attachment of the mucous, the sclera will once again be puffed up, to become close to 0.6 mm here. It is not only the fibers of the healthy nerve, but also the venous and arterial nerves that pass through it. The stench has a number of openings in the sclera, which they call scleri vipusniks. I will close the edge of the horn, in the depth of the anterior viddil, and will fill the entire sinus of the sclera, which is circular.

ship's shell

Otzhe, we have briefly characterized the appearance of the shell of the eye. We pass now to the characteristics of the court, yaku also call the middle. It will last for the offensive of 3 unrelated parts. The first from them is great, the back, yaka whistlingє close two tretins internal surface scleri. Її I call vlasne the sheath of the vessel. Another part is the middle, which is located on the cordon between the horn and the sclera. Tse ciliary body. I nareshty, the third part (mensha, front), which proves through the horn, is called a ridge, or a ridge shell.

Vlasne the vessel's sheath of the eye should be crossed without sharp cordons in the front viddilakh in the vyykovy tilo. The toothed edge of the wall can be seen in the role of the cordon between them. Practically on every stretch, the sheath is prone to the sclera, to the sclera, to the sclera, as well as to the dalyan, which appears to the disk of the nerve. Sudden sheath in the region of the last ma zorové openings, through the yake to go to the thick plativtsi sclera fibers of the healthy nerve. The name of the surface on the sieve is covered with pigment and endothelial cells. Vona is surrounded by a capillary space around the vascular space from the inner surface of the sclera.

The Інші shari tsіkavit us shells are molded from the ball of the great Sudins, so they make the Sudin's plate. Tse the head rank of veni, as well as artery. The semi-fabric elastic fibers, as well as the pigment clitini grow out between them. The ball of the middle sudin zalyagє more than the ball. Він mensh of pіmentations. Until the end of a row of other capillaries and vessels, which form a vessel-capillary plate. Vona is especially rooted in the region with zhovtoy beaches. Non-structural fibrous ball - the most gliboka zone of the vascular shell. Yogo is called the main plate. In the anterior view, the vertebral sheath of trocha is encouraged to move without narrow cordons to the vertebral body.

ciliary body

It is covered from the inner surface with the main plate, like є the extended leaf. The leaf is carried to the vasna sudinnoy obolonts. The eyelash thickness is mainly stored from the vine meat, and also the stroma of the Ostannya is represented by a full tissue, rich pigment clays and fluffy, as well as bezlichchy sudin.

The step-by-step parts are distributed in the eyelash body: the eyelash rim, the eyelash wintry and the eyelash ointment. Remaining from the start of the day until the sclera. The ciliated ointment is formed by smooth ointment fibers. Among them, there are circular and meridian fibers. Remained strongly discredited. The stench is molded into the yak, yak serve to tighten the hair of the vessel's sheath. From the sclera and cut of the anterior chamber, fibers are repaired. Straight back, step by step, the stench is ruined in the sudinniy obolontsi. Tsya m'yaz, fast, pidtyagu forward ciliary body (back part) and vasno sudinu shell (front part). Tim himself will change the tension of the vіykovy pasque.

eyelash

Circular fibers take part in the shape of a circular meat. Її fast change will enlighten the child, which will pretend to be a vіykovy til. The managers of the whole mix of fixes to the adequate krishtalik of the viykovy pass are coming close. Tse wiklikє the easiness of the pasque. Moreover, the curvature of the crystal is increasing. The very zavdyaki ts'omu the circular part of the viykovy meat is called the same m'yaz, which is the squeeze of the kryshtalik.

viykovy gurtok

Tse the back-inner part of the v_ykovy body. Behind the shape of the win, there is an arc-like surface, a surface. Viykovy gurtok is trivial without sparse cordons in a strong vessel.

viykovy vinochok

Vin is the front-inner part. Newly, there are few folds, but it goes radially. Some folds pass anteriorly in some of the outgrowths, which are close to 70 and hang in the area of ​​the back chamber of the apple. The rounded edge is formed in the middle, de-spostering the transition into the eyelash vinaigrette of the vyykovy rim. The price of the attachment of a fixed crystal of a vyykovy pass.

ridge

Front viddilom є ridge arch, or ridge arch. On every side of the list, it doesn’t fit right up to a fibrous layer. Raiduzhka є advanced vіykovy til (yogo front viddіlu). It is located on and off the list from the list. A round opening, scho to be called a zinitsa, to rely on the її center. Viykovy edge is called the prototype edge, which is located across the whole stake of the raid shell. Comrade, the rest is made up of smooth muffs, sudins, full fabrics, and also without nerve fibers. Pigment, scho pumovlyuє "color" ochі, mayut cells of the rear surface of the ridge.

There are two sides of the smooth space: radial and circular. At the circumference of the zinitsa, there is a circular ball. I’m making a sound, I’m sounding like a winter. Fibers, rostashovany radially, molded yang, yak yogo widen.

The anterior surface of the ridge of the trocha plummets forward. Apparently, the rear has been removed. On the front, in the circumference of the zinitsa, є the inner small circle of the ryaduzhnoy shell (zinichny belt). Become close to 1 mm wide. A small circle is surrounded by a wrong tooth line, which is circular. Її I call malim a raiduzhka stake. The part that has become overcast in the front surface becomes close to 3-4 mm in width. Vaughn to lay down the great ring of the ridge, or the ciliary part.

sitkivka

We have not yet looked at all the shells of the eye. We are presented fibrous and sudinn. Is the yak obolonka still not visible? Vidpovid - internal, network (also called a link). Qia obolonka is represented by nerve cells, rostashovany in a ball of balls. Vaughn whistled from the middle. The meaning of the shell of the eye is great. Itself won’t take people away from the sight, the fragments on them are visualized objects. Then information about them is transmitted to the brain via the zorotic nerve. However, the link is not all the same. Budova shells of the eye are also characterized by macula that is the most healthy.

Macula

Vona is the central part of the picture. All the schools of thought are about those in the common obolontsi є And the axis in the macula є only cones, which indicate the color of the eye. If it weren't for her, we could not have taken out other details and read them. Have a macula all minds for the restoration of light exchanges in the most detailed rank. Sitkivka in tsіy zonі stanchuєtsya. The staff of a wide range of light exchanges can eat without preference on light cones. Sudin sits, zdatnyh pereshkoditku readily, in the macula is dumb. Її klіtini otrimuyut grub from the sheath of the court, which is better. Macula is the central part of the eye's scent, which is the main number of flasks (green cells).

There are all the middle shells

The middle shells of the anterior and posterior chambers (between the crystal and the iris) are rosted. All the middle stench is remembered by the birthright. Between them, they roztashovani vlopodіbne tіlo і kryshtalik. Stay behind the shape є two-convex lens. Krishtalik, yak and rogivka, I will break and skip the light exchange. The staff of the whole site focuses on the image. Squishy on the consistency of the jelly. see a krishtalik for help.

Our eye is a folding optical system to the main objectives of the image transmission to the healthy nerve.
A small portion of the image is visible to pass through the horn. There you will see the first light breaking. Go through the round opening at the rayduzhny obolontsi, called the zinitsyu, eat the kryshtalik. Oskіlki krishtalik є a double-convex lens, then when passing through the flap, the image is not visible when it hits the sieve, it is inverted. The very signal of the inverted image comes from the sits along the zorotic nerve to the brain. And the brain on those і brain, to turn the image back.

It’s hard for the eyes of people to look at a place without two parts of the healthy apparatus - the guards and the brain (healthy measles), which are indicative of the performance of such an analysis, coming from the eye of the nerve impulses. Besides, looking at people’s eyes, it’s necessary to tell about this one-of-a-kind apparatus. I’m very good at setting up a complete system with additional structures: okorukhovy meats, stolіtty, mucous membrane (conjunctiva) and lazy apparatus.

call of budova

Here you can see the veins (upper and lower), vії, the inner kut of the eye with the slushy meat (fold of the mucous membrane), the part of the intramural apple - the sclera, which is covered with the glimpse of the mucous membrane - read the report ( in the section of the Conjunctiva), a part of the hole is a horn, through the yak you can see a round zinitsa and a raid (individually made up, with a unique little piece). The mice transition of the sclera to the ticket is called lim.

Very yabluko has an irregular shape, anterior-posterior size of the growth of people, becoming close to 23-24 mm.

The eyes are roasted in a cyst vm_stylische - ochnitsy. The name of the stench stolen by the capitals, along the edges of the apple is soaked with okrukh ointments and fatty cells. Z internal side From the eye, the healthy nerve goes through a special canal into the empty space of the skull, reaching the brain.

births

m'yazi eyes

The slice of the salmon is roasted in the upper-outer part of the ochnitsa. Vona viroblyaє sl_znu іdina in vіdpovіd vіdpovіd vіdpovіd on emozіyne razdratuvannya abo tease mucous membrane of the eye, cornea or nasopharynx. More detail about the budget of the lazy apparatus of the eyes of the people you can marvel at in the distribution of the lazy apparatus.

shell of the eye

Bilkova

rogivka

The middle (sudinous) shell is deposited in the ridge shell, the vertebral body and the vascular shell (choroid), which are located without the middle before the sclera. The middle shell of the eye will take care of the harvesting of the full-time apple, take care of the part in the exchange processes and in the production of products in the exchange of the tissues of the eye.

ridge

tsiliarne tilo

Vlasne vasodenal sheath of the eye (chorioidea) becomes a larger part of the vascular tract of the eye (2/3) and the role of harvesting the inner sheath of the eye - sieve.

kryshtalik

In addition, in a full-time apple, you can see the front and back camera of the eye - spaciousness, filled with watery vologi - rydinoy, which is circulating in the middle of the eyes and a lively function for horning and cryptic (in norm, not judging). The front camera of the eyes is rosetted between the horn and the raid, the back - between the raid and the crystal of the eyes. The watery vologue wiggles by the growths of the cylindrical body, then through the window into the anterior chamber, sending through a special drainage system (trabecular apparatus) into the bladder, as shown on the baby:

For kryshtalik roztashovane about'є The function of the insect-like body is the light conduction and the formation of an intramural apple.

sitkivka

A very apple is stored in three shells: zvnishnyoi - scleri, middle - good ideas and internal - sits. The segment of the eyes, which is located in front of the crystal, is called the front and is stored in two parts - the front and rear chambers of the intramural apple. The watery vologue will store the offense of the chamber of the anterior segment, and the posterior segment will store it.

sitkivkaє the inner sheath of the eye and the ear to the zorotic nerve, to the fold where the axons of the ganglionic cells enter. Healthy nerve transmission of information, as it is formed on the receptors of the link, in the central nervous system, De given information to be encrypted.

M'yazovy device of orbit including in itself a muffin, which pіdnіmaє an upper band, and a width of okorukh muzyazіv eyes - 4 straight mujazi (upper, lower, inner and lower) and 2 oblique (upper and lower). Tsі shіst m'yazіv to walk in the open space between the sclera and cystic walls of the orbit, to take part in the process of the full-time apple.

M'yazovy apparatus of the eyes are nervous(III pair of cranial nerves), trochlear nerve (IV pair of cranial nerves) and enter the nerve (VI pair of cranial nerves).

The third pair of FMN takes the ear in the middle brain and inner brain, upper, lower straight and lower braid of the muzzle.

IV pair of FMNs can also be repaired in the middle brain and upper braid.

The 6th pair of chMN takes the cob in the area of ​​the bridge to the brain and innervus of the head.

When you enter to the warehouse of a sleazy apparatus, eyes and take a part in the secret service. To the warehouse of the given system and enter sl_zna zaliza, Roztashovana in immersion in the upper outer wall, as well as two parts - orbital and palpebral - and additional delusions of conjunctiva.

V warehouse for servicing equipment enter sl_znі zalozi і system of nasal-lacrimal canals.

sl_zni channels zdіysnyuyut the displacement of the lazy line from the inner cut of the eye to the empty nose, to the lower nasal head. The system of lazy canals is stored: lazy point, lazy canals, lazy bears and nasal canals.

rogivka zdіysnyu basically the breaking of the light exchange. Tse a glimpse, I can’t weave it, I see five balls in it.

The surface ball itself can be regeneratively built for the rakhunok of stovburovikh clitin limba.

limb- tse zone of the passage of the horn at the sclera. Stovburovі cells are located in the most zone and gradually regenerate. It is also the case that the cells serve as a bar for conjunctival cells, for the purpose of transferring them to the zone of sale.

tsiliarne tiloє the intermediate zone between the rear edge of the ridge and the choroid. The eyelash will ensure the improvement of the function of the ciliary body. Outgrowths of the cylindrical body to show the sub-function: Produce a watery vologue and give an ear to the fibers of the vykovy pasque (zonular to the links), which will generate a crystal.

Offended cameras of the eye, front and rear, watery hair... It is without barriers that the inner space is blown out by the outgrowths of the cylindrical body in the rear chambers, then through the window into the front camera, in order to climb into the Schlemm's canals, which are seen in the ciliary vein.

kryshtalik I can form a biconvex line and grow between the cameras of the eye and the warmth. Yogo size - 9x5 mm.

Calm down the krishtalik in the correct position fibers of the v_ykovy pasque. In the crystal, there is a nucleus, cortical balls, anterior and posterior capsules and single-globular tubes, rots on the surface of the capsule.

The light, passing through the horn and the watery vologue and the crystal glass, playing on the crystal, breaks and the shape is real, but changes and flips the image on the screen. The nerve impulses, the leaves from the images given to the images, are transmitted along the zorotic nerve to the brain.

sitkivka whistled the entire inner surface of the rear view of the eye. Tse thin foresight sphere of nerve tissue. The chain can be stored in 10 balls of a client: a pigment epithelium, a ball of a stick and a cone, a ball of a stick and a cone, a ball of a cone, a call of a granular ball, a call of a plexiform ball, an internal of a granular ball, an internal plural

The skin stick and the cone are stored in two segments: the outer and inner - and the synaptic zone. The main segment is a cylinder or a diskless drive. They have a svitlochutlivy pigment.

Svitlova energy activates rhodopsin, which, in its own right, starts the process of linking transduction with guanosine - triphosphate. Tse to bring to activation phosphodiesterase, Yaka catalyzed transformation reaction guanosine monophosphate in 5-guanosine monophosphate, which is a zberigє sodium channel vidkrytymi. Tsey mechanism will ensure the transmission of the light signal.

Healthy nerve take the cob from the axons of the ganglionic cells of the stem.

Distant to see the intersection of the fibers of the zorovy nerve, which pretends to be a path to the transition of the medial part of the fibers of the zorovy nerve to the opposite side. The fibers form a healthy tract, which is straight to the lateral colofrequency and the upper humps of the middle brain. Fibers that go far away, create a bright radiance and end in healthy centers often brain.

persha region healthy analyzer - the primary zorova bark is the 17th region along Brodman, it is roasted along the sides of the spur furrow. axoni nerve cells the number of frequent contacts in the whole region with the first-class clients from the IV bet of the FMN.

1. Primary Zorova bark.

2. Secondary zorova bark.

ANATOMIYA І PHYZIOLOGIYA TO THE ORGAN ZORU

From the organs of power, you are sensitive to the eyes of people, and you will be recognized as the most beautiful gift and the most wonderful creator of the creative power of nature. Singers challenged yogi, oratorios waggled, philosophers glorified yogo yak mirilo, as ordering those who had good organic strength, and the physicists were magical to follow them as non-magnetized optical attachments. G. Helmholtz

Chi not with an eye, but for the help of your eyes, marvel at the light in your mind Avicenna

The first croc in pink glaucoma is the reason for knowing the well-being of the eyes and their functions (Fig. 1).

The eye (very apple, Bulbus oculi) may have a regular rounded shape, the size of its front-rear axis is approximately 24 mm, it is close to 7 g and anatomically folds from three shells (first - fibrous, middle - inner - forehead, middle-class (internal line, crystal and spiteful).

The name of the large fibrous shell is stored from the rear, from the back - the sclera, like the vison to the cyst, the initial and will preserve the form of its function. Front, mensha її part - rogіvka - openings, menschіlnа, not a man, in nіy rіzgіlzhutsya majestic number of nerves. Diameter її - 10-11 mm. Being a strong optical lens, it skips and breaks up the promenades, as well as important functions. Behind the rostrum is the front camera, filled with a glimpse of the inner ridinoy.

Before the sclera in the middle of the eyes, the middle cattle is a sudinniy, or uveal tract, which can be stored in three viddiliv.

The first, the foremost, visible through the horn, is the ridge - ma otvir - zinitsya. Raiduzhka є yak bi-bottom front chamber. Behind the help of the two muzzles of the ridge shell, the zinitsa sound and expand, automatically adjusting the value light flow, Scho enter the eye, fallen into illumination. The color of the ryaduzhnoy shell lies in the form of a growing one in the new development: with a small number of eyes of light (siri, blakytny, green), as well as a lot - dark (kary). There is a great number of radially and circularly rocked ridge bows, enlivening with a low-quality fabric, making a kind of small children, a relief of the surface.

The other, middle view, is a ciliary tilo - a large circle with a width of up to 6-7 mm, which adheres to the ridge and is inaccessible to the visual guard. In the ciliary type, there are two parts: the anterior process, in which there is a ciliary jar, with a fast release, thin threads of the zinc ring are relaxed, which will be fixed in the assessment of the crystal, which will prevent it from happening. Closely 70 sprouts of the cylindrical body, so that the capillary loops and the two balls of the epithelial cells are covered with two balls, to produce the inner bed. The posterior, flat part of the cylindrical body є nibi transitional zone between the cylindrical body and the vasnojudine sheath.

The third viddil is a vigorous sheath, or a good idea - it borrows the back half of the full-time apple, folds from a great number of judges, grows between the sclera and the sack, the function of the foreseeable

The inner shell of the eye - the sieve - is a thin (0.1-0.3 mm), aperture of the eye: the optical (zorova) part is curved well from the flat part of the cylindrical body to the point of the path of the green nerve from the eye til і iris, gently blowing along the edge of the window. The zorova part of the net is neatly organized by a net with three balls of neurons. The function of the stem of the specific zor receptor is tightly tied to the vertebral sheath (chori-oidea). For a zorovy act, a necessary drop in a zorovy speech (purple) before the flow of light. In healthy eyes, green purple is renewed negativity. The whole folding photochemistry process of renewal of healthy speeches of amalgamation in conjunction with modifying pictures with chori-ideas. The sieve is composed of nerve cells, which contain three neurons.

In the first neuron, turning up to the choroid, there are light-sensitive cells, photoreceptors - sticks and cones, in which light is injected, photochemical processes are introduced, which are transformed into a nervous pulse. It is possible to pass another, third neuron, a healthy nerve, and on healthy roads, take it in the center of the road and into the cortex of the highland part of the great brain, wicketly see it.

The sticks in the pattern are very important along the periphery and appear for light perception, midpoint and peripheral vision. The cones are localized in the central viddils of the sieve, in the minds of sufficient illumination, they form the color perception and the central light. I will be able to find the city of zoru, I will provide the region with the same beaches and the central hole of the sieve.

The healthy nerve is formed by nerve fibers - large outgrowths of ganglion cells of the sieve (3rd neuron), which, when they go into the surrounding bundles, go through other openings into the back part of the sclera (grate plate). Misce the exit of the nerve from the eye is called the disk of the healthy nerve (optic nerve disc).

At the center of the disc of the healthy nerve, there is a small amount of lagging - ekskavatsiya, I do not change 0.2-0.3 diameter of the disc (E / D). At the center of the exhibition there will be the central artery and Vienna of the city. In the norm, the disc of the healthy nerve has a clear border, the black-and-nose barbed, is rounded or slightly oval in shape.

Krishtalik - a friend (writing) of the luscious centers of the optical system and eyes, to grow up behind the rainbow shell and lie in the pit of the venerable body.

Saving less borrowing a larger rear part of the empty eye and storing it from penetrating fibers and gel-like speech. I will take care of the form and the volume of my eyes.

The optical system of the eye is stored from the horns, the front camera, the crystal and the bedside. The interchange of light passes through the eyes of the middle of the eye, breaks on the surfaces of the main lines - horns and crystals, focusing on the sights, "painting" on new images of objects of the newest light (Fig. 2). A healthy act is to be repaired by the transformation of the image by photoreceptors in the nerves of the impulses, as the processing of the neurons of the cells is transmitted along the healthy nerves at the vision of the healthy analyzer. In such a rank, zir can be meaningful as a sub'active reception of the objective light behind the auxiliary light behind the auxiliary zorovaya system.

See the onset of the main functions: the central view (characterized by the state of the art) - the building of the object's details, look at the tables with special signs;

peripheral zir (characterized by a field zoru) - the building of the eye sprymati obsyag space with an uncomfortable position of the eye. Get behind the additional perimeter, campimeter, field analyzer zoru i n;

color light - the value of the eye to color and color development. Follow up for additional color tables, tests and anomaloscope;

light sensation (dark adaptation) - the appearance of the eye to the minimum (threshold) amount of light. Doslidzhutsya adaptometry.

The function of the organ is more likely to be provided with an additional device. Wine includes the fabrics of the orbit (ochnytsi), the wines and the slips of the organization, which will display the function. Rukh of the skin ophthalmic zd_ysnyuyut sh_stma zovn_shny okorukhovy m'yazy.

A healthy analyzer is stored in an apple, which is schematically shown in Fig. 1, good health and measles to the brain.

Fig. 1. Budovi oka scheme

2-vessel shell,

3-link,

4-horn,

5-ridge,

6-vіykovogo m'yaz,

7-krishtalik,

8-nasty tilo,

9-disc of the healthy nerve,

10-green nerve,

11th beach.

Around the eyes, three bets of okorukh mu'yaziv were roasted. One pair of eyes is turned left and right, the eye is turned up and down, and the third is wrapped around the optical axis. Themselves okorukhovi m'yazi are controlled by signals, as they come from the brain. Tsі three bets m'yazіv serve as visonavchie organs, so that they automatically seize the stiffness, for which one can easily supervise any ruhomiy near and far away (Fig. 2).

Fig. 2. m'yazi eyes

1-call is straight;

2-internal straight;

3-top straight;

4-m'yaz, scho pіdnіmaє upper band;

5-lower oblique m'yaz;

6-lower straight m'yaz.

Oko, very yabluko may have a shape of approximately 2.5 cm in diameter. Wines are stored from decilkoh shells, of which three are the main ones:

sclera - zvnіshnya obolonka,

Sudinna saber - middle,

link - internal.

sclera ma biliy kolir from the milk vivid, the front part of the part, like a glimpse and is called rogivka. Through the horn, the light comes into the eye. Sudin's sheath, middle ball, to avenge the blood-bearing judges, to find shelter for the eyes. Straight ahead of the horny shell of the vessel, cross over to the ridge of the shell, the yak and the beginning of the color of the eyes. There is a zinitsa near the center. The function of the casing is to interconnect the proper light in the eye in case of a high quality. It is not possible to reach the sound of the winter with high illumination and expansion - with low. Behind the ridge of rasprostavaniya kryshtalik, similar to a double-convex, which will catch the light, if you pass through the window and focus on the site. Around the kryshtalik, the vessel's shell is set in a viykovy tilo, in which the ointment is laid, which will regulate the curvature of the kryshtalik, so that it will make it clearer and more accurate for the backing of objects at different distances. Reach the price in such a way (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Schematic representation of the mechanism of accommodation

evil-focusing in the distance;

right-handed focus on close objects.

Krishtalik in otsi "advances" on thin radial threads, like hunt him with a circular belt. The original threads are attached to the eyelash. Number of relaxations (in case of focus I will see Fig. 5.

Changing changes with different types of clinical refraction of the eye

a-metropes (norm);

b-myopia (shortness);

c-hypermetropia (distance);

d-astigmatism.

on a given object), then the ring, set by її tіlom, has a great diameter, the threads, which trim the crystal, are pulled, і th curvature, and also the bending force, is minimal. If the eyelash muff starts to swell (when looking at a close-up roztashovany object), the ring starts to sound, the threads relax, and the crystal grows more bloated and, moreover, is more strongly bent. Tse the power of a krishtalik is changing his power by breaking his power, and at the same time, the focal point of all eyes, is called an akomodatsiyu.

The exchange of light is focused by the optical system of the eye on a special receptor (spryman) apparatus - the cystic membrane. The eye pattern is the anterior edge of the brain, which is foldable for its structure and for the functions of the brain. In the family of spine, they develop 10 balls of nerve elements, which are knitted not only structurally and morphologically, but functionally. The head ball of the sieve is a thin ball of light-sensitive cells - photoreceptors. There are two kinds of stench: they respond to weak ones (sticks) and they respond to strong ones (cones). The stick is close to 130 million, and the stench rots all over the city, just outside the center. Objects appear on the periphery of the field to the horizon, including at low illumination. The flasks are close to 7 million. The stench of roztashovani head rank in the central zone of the sieve, in the so-called "zhovtyi plyami". Sitkіvka here is as thin as possible, all sorts of balls, except for a ball of flasks. "We tell people" to play the most beautiful lyudin: all the information, which is consumed on the whole area of ​​the link, will be transmitted most of the time and without any problems. In the whole region it is possible to have a deprivation of color, color zir, for the help of which one can take a color of the light that will feel good for us.

From the dermal light-sensitive cells enter the nerve fiber, which is the one receptor in the central nervous system. When the flask is dermal, it will have its own fiber, and the same fiber will "serve" the whole group of sticks.

Due to the flow of light changes in the photoreceptors, a photochemical reaction takes place (a drop in healthy pigments), as a result of which energy (electrical potential) is seen, but not healthy information. Tsia energy at viglyadi nervous excitement transmitted to the іnshі shari sіtkіvki - to klіtini-Bіpolari, and then to the ganglionic klіtini. At the same time, the staff of the foldable data of the cich clitin, see the vivid "pereshkod" in the image, accept the weak contrasts, it is more pleasant to see the ruffled objects. Nerve fibers from the strong shedding get into the healthy nerve in a special area of ​​the shedding - "slipіy plyamі". Vono roztashovany in that mіsci, a healthy nerve to go out from the eye, and everything that has been consumed in the whole region, has come across the field to the sight of people. The healthy nerves of the right and left sides are crossed, moreover, in humans and other maws, half of the fibers of the cutaneous zorovy nerve are crossed. In the endoscopic rakhunka, all the information in the coded view is transmitted from the viewer pulses along the fibers of the healthy nerve to the brain, from the viewpoint to the center - the cortex, de and to see the formation of a healthy image (Fig. 4).

It’s clear about us, since all the evidence of the sound analyzer is “good” and without re-code. In order for the image to be bulky, the sieve is obviously guilty of being in the back focus of the optical system of the eye. The breakdown of the breaking of light changes in the optical system of the eye, before the image is defocused on the screen, is called anomalies of refraction (ametropia). Before them are short-range (myopia), far-vision (hypermetropia), distant vision (presbyopia) and astigmatism (Fig. 5).

Fig. 4. Scheme of a budgetary analyzer

1-link,

2-noncrossed fibers of the zorian nerve,

3-crossed fibers of the zorotic nerve,

4-green tract,

5-call kolinchaty tilo,

6-radiatio optici,

7-lobus opticus,

Fig. 5. Changing changes with different types of clinical refraction of the eye

a-metropes (norm);

b-myopia (shortness);

c-hypermetropia (distance);

d-astigmatism.

Short-lived (myopia) - a small decline in the growth of the disease, if during the period of intensive health problems (new in schools, institutes) in case of weakness of the circulatory system of blood loss, loss of The eye replaces the swelling shape of the ellipsoid. After such an upgrade of the later axis of the image of objects, focus not on the sights themselves, but in front of it, and people should not be close to their eyes, using the eyepieces with the eye-catching ("cryptic") lenses for the eyes. The short-sightedness is unacceptable not for those who are wearing the eyepieces, but for those that, when the disease progresses, the dystrophies in the envelopes of the eyes are detected, so that it can be brought to a non-corrosive, uncorrected by the glasses, at a loss. To prevent this, it is necessary to know the doctor-ophthalmologist with ease and by the will of the patient in the food supply of rational growth of health care, periodic self-control over the mill of his zeal.

Distance. On the basis of a short age, not a podbane, but a vrodzhene camp - the peculiarity of a budovy apple: a short eye, or a weak eye. Change at a certain camp to get to the sieve. In order to be able to take a good eye, it will be necessary to put in front of it - "plus" eyepieces. The whole camp can be "hovated" and will appear in 20-30 years and more and more; all to lay down from the reserves in the eyes and the stage of distant growth.

The correct mode of healthy practice and systematic training of the lens allows meaningful visibility of the term to show distant heights and corystuvannya eyepieces. Presbyopia (vikova distance). In addition, the power of akomodatsii step by step falls, for the change in elasticity of the crystal and the vyykovy meaz. Nastaє stan, if myz is not yet available up to the maximum speed, and the kryshtalik, having lost elasticity, cannot take the maximum shape - as a result, people are able to take away other things, close the book on objects, very much m'yaziv). For korektsії tsyogo I will be priznachayutsya eyepieces for near with "positive" glasses. With a systematic eye-catching regime, active eye training, it is possible to signify an hour of curing with eyepieces for a closer look at a lot of rock.

Astigmatism is a special type of optical bud. The manifestation of the tse is inherently abo, zdebilshy dowry character. Amplification astigmatism is most often the irregularity of the curvature of the horn; In case of astigmatism, the front surface is not the surface of the body, de all radii, but the outer surface of the elipsoid, de dermal radius has its own dedication. To that, the skin meridian is less likely to buckle, so that it can be seen from the side of the recumbent meridian. Signs of ailments can be tied to the lower dawn yak in the distance, so close, to the lowering of the healthiness of the child, the swift stomp and sickly visions when working in a nearby city.

Otzhe, mi bachimo, our healthy analyzer, our eyes are a completely foldable and divine gift of nature. It is even more forgiven to say that the eye of a human being, in a kintsev rakhunka, is an attachment for receiving and processing light information and the best technical analogue є a digital video camera. Stand up to your eyes dbaylivo and respectfully, so dbailo, like you put up your dear photo and video technology.

The eyes are foldable behind the bud's organ, so as in them the development of the robotic systems, as well as the functionless functions that are directed to the information and re-implementation.

The health system as a whole, which includes the eyes and all the biological warehouses, including more than 2 million warehouse units, which include sotkivka, kryshtalik, rogivka, important people take nerves, capillaries and judges.

People are absolutely necessary for the nobility, as to carry out prophylaxis of ailments, knitted from ophthalmology, to secure a state of health in the face of all life.

Budova occi people: photo / scheme / little ones with description

In order to make it look like it is the eyes of a human being, it is best to fix the organ with a camera. Anatomy Budova presented by:

1. zinitsyu;
2. Rogіvkoyu (without color, a hole in the eye);
3. Iridescent (there is a visual color of the eyes);
4. Krishtalik (vidpovidaє for Gostrota Zoru);
5. Ciliary body;
6. Сітківкою.

It is also safe to provide additional assistance to the following structures of the intramural apparatus, such as:

1. Sudin's sheath;
2. The nerve is bright;
3. Blood supply is carried out for additional nerves and capillaries;
4. Rukhovi functions are carried out by face-to-face m'yaz;
5. Bilkova;
6. Sklopodibne tilo (basic system).

Apparently, in the capacity of an "asset" there are such elements as rogivka, crystal and zinitsu. Consume light on them, or sleepy exchanges wrinkle, then focus on social media.

Krishtalik є "autofocus", so as the main function є the change of curvature, for the reason why the state of mind is taken on the indicators of the norms - very good things are good things for the development of the country.

In the quality of the original "fotofilvka" pratsyuє sitkivka. On the other hand, it is necessary to get more images, as if at the sight of the signals, to be transmitted behind the aid of the healthy nerve to the brain, to see the processing and analysis.

Knowing the geography of the budovy of the human eye is necessary for the rationalization of the principles of robots, methods of prevention and therapy of illness. It is not a secret that the organism of a man and his skin organ is constantly coming to fruition;

The breeders in the new one are clearly interconnected with the biological structure - the judges, the capilaries and the nerves, the pigment cells, so also I will take an active part in the future available fabric on... All the elements add to the health of the robot.

Anatomy of Budovi Oka: basic structures

Very apple or bezposredno lyudske eye, Maє is a round shape. Roztashovuєtsya out in the dead of a skull, called an ochnitsa. The price is necessary, for that, the eye is an undesirable structure, and it is easy to make it even easier.

The function is to check the upper and lower windings. Visually, the eyes will fall into oblivion, which are called okorukhovy.

Ochі will require post-mortem alterations - the whole function of detecting delusions. They approved a float of pre-cataclysmic eyes. Slide down the same way to get rid of the slips.

With the same structure, which is carried out to the eyes and does not provide for its direct function, the callus of the shell is the conjunctiva. You will also grow on the inner surface of the upper and lower lines, with a thin and clear view. The function is for an hour before the eyes and in the morning.

Anatomical budova ochі people are also, besides, there is one more important for the organ of the sapling - the scleral one. Vona roztashovuєtsya on the front surface, practically in the center of the organ zoru (full-time apple). Collecting insights into insights, budova - opuka.

Bezposrednyo prozora part is called rog_vka. I myself have grown sensitiveness to the kind of races. To see the process of becoming obvious in the age of nerveless endings. The visibility of the pigmentation (insight) allows the light to penetrate into the middle.

A full-blown shell is on the way, and the shape of an important organ is Sudin. In addition to providing the eyes with a necessary amount of blood, the whole element will also improve the tone. The structure grows in the middle of the sclera, whistling її.

In the skin of people, the eyes may have a singing color. For the sign, the structure is called iris. At the top of the list there are zavdyyutsya instead of the program in the most important (last) sphere.

The very same color of eyes is not the same in young people... Zinitsya - an opening in the center of the raid. Through the new light it penetrates without the middle in the middle of the skin eye.

Sitkіvka, unaffected by those with a naythonsha structure, for the quality and state of the art, navazhlivіshayu structure. For his sutta, nerve tissue, Which is stored from decilkoh balls.

The main healthy nerve pretends to be the same element. The very fact is the state of the art, the appearance of small defects at the sight of far age, or short age, is due to the appearance of a sieve.

Awful mind is taken to nazivat empty eyes. Vaughn є with a glimpse, a pulp, a lot of jelly-like in the eyes. The main function of the illumination is the adjustment and fixing of the setting as necessary for the robotics.

Optical eye system

Ochі - one of the most anatomically folding organs. Smell є "vіknom", through the yak of lyudin to back everything that otchu yogo. This function allows the optical system to be stored with folding, interconnected structures. Before the warehouse of "intramural optics" included:

1. kryshtalik;

Apparently, they are healthy functions- skipping light, yogo fracture, sprynyattya. It is important to remember that the steps of penetration will lie in all these elements, for that, for example, when a Kristallik, Lyudin started to fix the picture, it was not clear, like a serpentine.

The main element of the break is the roll. The Holy Spirit has eaten up a little bit of it, and only just come to the window. Win, in his own heart, є with a diaphragm, on which light, doodatkovo wrinkle, focus. As a result of my eyes, I will render the image with high clarity and detail.

Dodatkovo function of breaking viroblyaє and kryshtalik. Going to drink on a new light stream, kryshtalik obroblya yogo, then transferring the distance - to the link. Here the image is "drukuєtsya".

I’m starting to be close and small, and I’ll take a break. However, the standard of structures, their insight, sufficient quantity, even infuse people into the depths of the landscape.

It is normal for a robot to create a full-time optical system before it is consumed on its light to undergo breaking, processing. As a result, there are changes in the size of the picture, but more of the same with the real ones.

It is also a slid vrahovuvati, which is turned upside down. Lyudin can hit objects correctly, as the residual information is generated in the visible views of the brain. The very fact that all the elements of the eyes, including the judges, are clearly interconnected. Be it insignificant to create the ruin to the point of loss of goodness and quality.

The principle of robotics is very human

Primed on the functions of skin anatomical structures, it is possible to understand the principle of robotic vision with a camera. Light, or the image, pass through the window, then penetrate into the crystal, and then onto the picture, de-focus and grow.

Warehouse elements - sticks and cones take sensitiveness to a penetrating light. Cones in their own heart, allow the eyes to show the function of developing colors and appearances.

Destruction of the robots to produce color blindness. By breaking the light flow, it is necessary to translate Vicarbuvan into new information in the nerves of the pulse. Smell then come to the brain, which is clogging її and vivodin the image of the image, as well as backing the ludin.

Prevention of internal ailments

The health of the eyes is required to be constantly adjusted to a high level. The very food of prevention is extremely important for any people. The redevelopment of hospitality in the medical room has ceased to be a single turbot about eyes.

It is important to stitch for health circulatory system So I will secure the functionality of all systems. A lot of damage caused by early marriage of blood or damage in the process of giving.

Nerves are elements, as well more important... Oh, it’s hard to make the quality to the point of destruction, for example, it’s a hassle to take out the details of the object or small elements. It is not possible to overextend the eyes.

With trivial robots, it is important to give їm repairs every 15-30 minutes. Special gymnastics is recommended by those who are tying with a robot, which are based on a trivial view of other objects.

In the process of prophylaxis, special respect is given to the illumination of the working space. Growing the body with vitamins and with mineral speech, Vzhivannya fruit and vegetables for the prevention of bagatokh ochhvoryuvan.

It is not necessary to admit the incitement, so as it may be the cause of suppuration, the hygiene of the eyes is correct - garniy sposib prophylactic injected.

In such a rank, ocі is a folding object, which allows bachiti svit navkolo. It is necessary to pick up, take care of all the ailments, to save your hospitality for a trivial period.

Even more details and eyes are shown in the offensive video.

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