Deviant behavior. Rizka zmіna mood

The skin social suspension has little power or rules, for those who are out and alive. Їх can be brought to the unwritten laws, which represent the nature of the behavior of people in different situations. Nedotrimannya zh tsikh norms vvazhaєtsya social vіdhilennya, as it is called devіаtsієu. The eye of the understanding can be seen from different sides. First for everything, behavior, to see if I will violate the norms of law and standards, which were put in the suspension. Along with it, you are immersed in a social phenomenon, as you know your own expression in any kind of mass forms of people's activity and do not see it when the rules of behavior are tacitly established.

How to behave, how to see and what type of? Suspilstvo is the subject that is best known to schoolchildren with scientific explanations of the given

Basically understand

It's a pity that there was no such suspension, all the members of each of them were caught up in the standard normative vimogs. You can see different types and accept different forms. So, before people are brought to the zelochintsy and kestrels, ascetics and generations, saints and so on.

Behavior that can be seen is a type of behavior that cannot be caught in a suspension. All part of the struggle was fought for the weakening of non-desired forms of human activity and noses. At the same time, there was a lack of development and methods, which were evident in the land of socially and economically vidnosyns, huge svidomosty, as well as the interests of the governing board.

Behavior, what to see, and the first type of people have gotten interested in the past.

Role in the life of the suspension

Behavior to see is a type of behavior with a dual character. On one side, it will block the second stability of the suspension. From the very beginning - stability is given. Can you explain what the price is? The success of the robot of all social structures is possible only if the order and transfer of behavior of all members of the suspension are not guaranteed. Skinny people are important to the nobility, as they will behave to themselves and what kind of behavior they smell like to clean up everything.

At the same time, in the skin suspension, subculture is excreted. Smell of your own norms, scho to enter into rubbish with foreign morality. Get involved in groups and take an hour for sale suspensions.

See deviant behavior

Hourly individ will break social norms only hour by hour. This behavior is brought to the primordial deviation. Another type of this understanding is secondary. I will reject the stigma of a deviant and a witness to a person who is a ludin, but it is not the same with them, as with other people.

Behavior, which is determined by the violation of moral norms and at all can be both individual and collective in nature. The first kind of deviation is not easily transformed into another. It is most often to be caught up in the infusion of criminal subcultures on those categories of people who are sick until the end of deviant vchinks, in order to be referred to a group of people.

Teepy see you on the road

see:

Delinquent vchinki, as it may turn antigromadic straightforward, as in its extreme vchinki they develop a criminal character of punishment;

Addictive vchinki, marking what є;

Pathocharacterological vchinki, such as obumovleni pathological symptoms in character, which may occur through a defect;

Psychopathology vchinki, like є inherited;

Vchinki, based on human abilities, show up with special gifts or geniality.

Behavior that can be seen as a type and can be seen as a matter of class. According to the opinion of them, the suspensions of the deviant vchinki are:

1. Socializing. The stench of knowing your turn in such behavior of the individual, as being positive and directing to the prevailing old standards. As a rule, the type of deviant dressing with social creativity and spriy yakisnykh zmіn all suspension system. Applied to the geniality, sports achievements, heroic vchinki and leader health.

2. Neutral. The price of behavior, which is a type of behavior, which is not a vicious fight against a suspension and not a snake. Prior to such deviant inclinations, one can recognize eccentricity and divinity, a pragmatic approach to all of them with their own manner of behavior and shape.

3. Socially unacceptable. This behavior will destroy and disorganize the suspension system.

It does not carry negativity and dysfunction in its own picture. Adequate deviant vchinki make up a school suspension. Prior to them, there is a great deal of information about people and their specialties. Smell know your turn in the form of anti-right, aggressive and malignant actions, as well as in alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, etc.

R. Merton's typology

The understanding of deviant behavior is undeniable. For example, zlochints_ vvazhayut, scho vimagannya is a normal kind of earnings. However, for a large part of the population, the behavior is deviant. There are many kinds of social vchinks. Some of them are deviant, and some are not.

In modern sociology, most viznanny vvazayutsya vazayutsya, type and vidhilen in behavior, classified by R. Merton. To understand one's own degree of guilt in the course of the manifestation of the process of ruinous basic elements of culture, including ethical norms. At the show, Merton saw chotiri typi deviacii, which include:

1.Innovation. The whole type of behavior is transferred throughout the year with the main purposes of the suspension, but at the same time, the accepted methods of reaching it. The innovators are aware of the stories and blackmailers, great men and creators of financial events.

2. Ritualism. This behavior is tied to the list of the main goals of the suspension and the absurd description of the methods for reaching it. A bureaucrat can serve as an aid to that. Tsey official vimagatalny zapovnenya of any document, its non-one-time revisions, folded in chotir'h primirniks, etc. At a wide range of fields, the smut is missed - meta.

3. retreatism. It’s not a good thing, as a result of the current action. The whole type of deviation is not only about socially significant goals, but also about quiet ways that people can reach. This type of behavior is typical for drug addicts, alcoholics, homeless people, etc.

4. Riot. Such behavior is included in the suspension of the system and methods. Rebel pragne before changing them for new. Yaskraviy butt to that - revolutionaries.

With the folding of his classifications, Merton admitted the fact that the behavior is not seen as a product, which demonstrates absolutely negatively being put to foreign-accepted norms. Even the villainous is not the least bit suspicious, as it is materially prosperous. And the bureaucrat's daughter does not enter into contradiction with the accepted rules of the robot. At all vipadku sposterіgaє He is a bureaucrat, a villain, a deviant.

The main causes of behavior

An explanation of the deviant phenomenon can be without it. For this reason, nobility is needed, as it is possible to see. First of all, the reason for such a fallacy is that it will be simpler. For example, schism to drug addiction and alcoholism, as well as psychotic they are explained not by social, but by biological reasons. Even tsi negative appearances are transmitted to children from their fathers for an hour.

Sociology has a few straightforward, well-known reasons and explains the reasons for deviant behavior. One of them, in the presence of such a state of suspension, with some old value and norms, have already come to the rubble with the new ones, and the new ones are gone. At the same time, the reason for the deviant behavior of the pole is in the unhappiness of the goals, which are suspended by the suspension, and the quiet needs, which are projected for their achievement.

marginalization

There is one of the reasons for deviation, which is characterized by the development of social connections. The most popular option є the first distribution of economics. Social sounds are drawn into the mind, and on the offensive stage - spiritual.

The characteristic rice marginal is to serve as the lowering of the bar for social needs and cleaning. At the same time, primitivizatsiya їkh virobnichy, by-butovoy and spiritual life.

social pathology

Gallantry and vagrancy

Such behavior is a special way of living. Yoogo the main reason to serve in the form of participation in pratsi for the benefit of the suspension and pragnennya to reject unearned income.

Varto, for sure, that the wickedness and vagabondage will stop for an hour to reach a wide extension. However, the suspension is rewarded to fight against the socially insecure phenomenon. Also, such specialties are often involved in the role of middlemen when taking drugs, as well as stealing and mischief.

addiction

It is not often the cause of negative behavior that the aggravation of the obvious internal discomfort is undeniable, as well as the change in the completely social and mental state, which turns around the internal struggle and internal confrontation. All tse і є addictive vchinki. A little bit, as a rule, should be chosen by those who have no legal opportunity for healthy self-realization, whose individuality is smothered into the link formed into a suspension that is not very difficult to block.

Such people are unhappy to create a career and change their social status from the vicarious channels of legitimate channels. The very stench і vazayut і vazhayutі accepted norms of the suspension unjust and unnatural.

Features of negative behavior

Our delicious suspension of deviant vchinki is becoming more and more rational and risky. The main idea of ​​such a specialty is that of the adventurer in the field in support of professionalism, and not in general, but rather a share. The process of assimilating the vibe of specialness, the idea of ​​who can be self-realization, self-assertion and self-actualization.

Behavior

In the bitter suspension, the problem of childish lack of oversight, drug addiction and malignancy is urgent. In connection with the cymbals, there is a growth in the number of children with deviant behavior. Tacke vіdhilennya in povedіntsі dіtey Je result polіtichnoї, sotsіalnoї, ekonomіchnoї that ekologіchnoї nestabіlnostі, zrostannya vplivu pseudo, zmіni in іsnuyuchih tsіnnіsnih orієntatsіyah molodі, neblagopoluchchya in sіmeynomu i pobutovіy sferі, vіdsutnіst control scho staє naslіdkom postіynoї zaynyatostі batkіv, epіdemії rozluchen i nedolіkіv in robotі bookmarks

The main types of problems in behavior of children, as a rule, know their behavior in such forms as addictive, autoaggressive (suicidal), as well as heteroaggressive.

What are the most common causes of negative behavior of young people? There is an offensive in all of them:

1. Incorrectly organized behavior. Such a child will be loved by living with an important family. Conflicts between fathers are seen in their eyes, as they do not appear in their inner light. For an hour, it’s unsuccessful to finish it. I will only appear because of the fact that the children are beginning to see their negative behavior.

2. Biological factors. Among other reasons, there is a decline, as it lowers the activity of local mechanisms and interferes with the addictive functions of people. The whole factor of health is manifested in rosy deficiency, decline in abnormal rice in character, as well as such a negative phenomenon, such as alcoholism. Besides, in children with a deviant behavior, the discordance of the minds appears, which has become a common case of important ailments, as the boules transferred by them to early vіtsі... Prior to the factors of the biological type, there is a particularity of the adult period. Itself in the whole life of the people to see the burrhlivy growth of the body, to fix and go to the completion of the maturity status, and also to find the functions of the bagatech systems and organs, including the central nervous system.

3. Psychic factors. The process of forming the character of the people is coming to an end in the middle of the life. The destruction of the given process can take an hour before negative characterological reactions go beyond the norms adopted in the suspension. Among them are: active protest (deafness and rudeness); passive protest (at home); active improvement of contacts with people; імітація for the inheritance of the behavior of those who feel sick; pіdvischennya pragnennya to self-assertion on the basis of reassuring the notice of elders; overcompensation (unproblematic vchinki) is a reaction that is masked by the weak side of the specialty.

Otzhe, we took a look Behavior, how to see and reasons, how to click.

Under social norms, create a sense of the establishment in the suspension of the rules, education, etalon of the behavior of people, to regulate the life of life.
In reality, the behavior of people in the suspension is far from being driven by the imposition of social norms, but by the way, navpaki, and the failure of it. In such a vipadku talk about vіdhilyaєatsya sub'єkta. The deviant (deviant) accepted this behavior, as it is not accepted by those who are accepted in the suspension of social norms.
deviant(from lat... deviatio - vidhilennya), behavior, how to get out - vchynok, the activity of people, social phenomenon, but not being tired in this suspension of norms (stereotypes, educators) of behavior.
At one pole of deviant behavior, there are individuals who show the most disapproving behavior: terror, zradniki, malochintsi. On іnshomu - individuals with the greatest possible vіdhilenіy: national heroes, vchenі, writers, artists. In a wide sense deviant- be-yak lyudin, who is beating out of the way or having seen the norms. Because of alcoholism and drug addiction, there is a kind of chronic illness, as it develops as a result of systematic implantation of alcoholic beverages by people or drugs.
Zlochin is called a suspiciously unsatisfactory wine, transferred to the Special Part of the Criminal Code.
At the university's mindfulness with a deviant behavior, they toil on respect for seeing, as they do not pull behind themselves a criminal punishment, so that they are not opposed.
Sukupnіst of counterproductive vchinkіv, chi zlochin, I will especially name in sociology - delinquent(Literally malignant) behavior. Deviant behavior is admittedly, it is more possible to bring only to the cultural norms of this group. Ale delinquent behavior is absolutely in accordance with the laws of the country.
delinquent behavior- anti-community counterfeit behavior of the individual, participation in the community (for lack of indifference), and for the support of the community as a whole.
Forms of deviant (disapproved) behavior: Crimean malice, alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, homosexuality, gambling, psychotic problems, suicide.
see vidhilen.
Cultural and mental health.
Often, it is possible to get overwhelmed by culture and mental health. For example, sexual abuse, alcoholism, drug addiction, and a lot of mental illness in social behavior are associated with special disorganization, apparently, with mental health problems. However, you should be aware of the psychically abnormal specialties as a whole to check the rules and norms adopted in the suspensions, and navpaki, for the specialties, the psychically very normal ones, they are characteristic even more seriously. Meals about those who want to see, say both sociologists and psychologists.
individual visibility: Okremiy individ vidkida norms of his subculture;
group vidhilennya: Conformity of the behavior of a member of a deviant group of hundredsovno subculture. in this view, in the manifestation of a group of views of the dominant culture, that is why children live in a view of the norms of the power subculture).
pervynne vіdhilennya- Behavior to adhere to specialties, as in the whole in accordance with the cultural norms adopted in the suspension. In this particular vipad, one should be seen as an individual who is so insignificant and tolerant that he is not socially qualified as a deviant and does not pretend to be like that. For new and for those who want to see the vision, just a little twist, eccentric, or for a thin end with mercy.
second time- the emergence of norms that exist in a group, so that it is socially deviant.
culturally acclaimedі culturally condemned vidhilennya.
Typical deviant behavior(Robert Merton).
The main reason for the deviation is Merton, having vvvaziv the development of both the goals of the suspension and socially grasping with the help of the good.
1) conformity: Relative to cultural goals and interests.
Conformity is a single type of non-deviant behavior, a reflection of the adaptability and process of action, as well as of its achievement.
2) інnovatsіya: Zgda zgvaluyuyuyutsya given culture goals, ale zaperechennya socially grasped zasobіv їkh reaching.
інnovatsіya(from English... innovation) is an innovation.
3) ritualism: Reservation of the goals of the given culture, ale of accepting and victorious traditions, grasped by the suspension of their achievements.
ritual(from lat... ritualis - ritual) - I call it a kind of tradition; The norm of behavior is historically formed or the norm of behavior has been specially established, in which form the vikonannya is strictly canonized and is less symbolic.
4) retreatism(from English... retreat - enter, exit; vіdokremlene mіsce, lane), in the course of action: the list and goals, and socially grasped for their achievement.
5) Stabbing, rebellion is a form of behavior, not only forbidden, albeit and pragmatically replace the old goals and in the way, how to transfer the foreign goals and standards, form new goals and standards.
Causes of deviant behavior.
Causes of culturally condemned vidhilen.
1) biologic explanations(Theory of physical types):
Singing physical rice and special features of zooming in on it to improve the performance of standards; people with a singing physical constitution, socially condemned, condemned by the suspension.
First, who proponuvav the signs of shukati, tied with evil behavior, in particular, the zonnishnost people of people, were the addicts of physiognomy. 2) psychological explanation.
Sigmund Freud letting go, be-like vchinki of people - try to break called unrecognized instinct or sip. If the controlling volitional factor is not able to stifle the natural instinct, it is a confusion, it will turn into zochin.
On Konrad's thought Lorenz and with dzherelom aggression є instinct to fight for vision. Among the people, in the minds of all the living beings, violence is widely expanded in terms of being brought to the representatives of their own vile kind. At the dawn of the human history, the situation was not infallible. However, the emergence of the zasobіv of the mass destruction is to put the threat of the vision of the people, as it were.
3) sociological explanations.
theory of conflict.
Charles Marxі Фрідріх Engels The sensation of malignancy was tied to the social inconsistency of the capitalist suspension. To mark the achievement of the rationality of the members of the singing groups of the population, they flock to the villagers in front of the rejection of the material vigodi.

Theory of social anomie.
At the earliest of the 20th century, the dynamics of malignancy supervised both the theories of mechanistic social determinism (malignancy grew faster than the growth of the population), as well as class theories of conflict (in the world of anti-malignity that In the normal minds of a lyudin, they see that they are impeded by the support and order of their collective authority, they can not outweigh what is socially acceptable. However, in times, since the suspension in the middle of the day is tired, for the other members, like the price of the big shocks, before the suspension arrives, the new member does not know for sure that they will be consumed. Tsey Stan Durkheim is called social anomie.
anomia: 1) the mental state of the people, if for a new person it is not sacred and not obligatory (individual anomia); 2) a breakdown in the central and normative system of suspension (visibility or ineffectiveness, super-verboseness of legal and moral norms), backward apathy, discouragement, growth of malice, mass anomaly before hard labor; 3) pragmatic before the implementation of political goals by the gentry of non-legal and moral norms (political anomia); 4) conflict of norms in culture (anomia of culture).
Durkheim is going to get to the point where evil is not a normal suspicious phenomenon. It is necessary that the suspension does not fall into its development, the malignancy is the soil for the supportive progress, and the abnormal one is not overwhelming, or it is too low. Durkheim, having taken into consideration that it is possible to win at the suspension as a result of the misfortune of wickedness, for the evil of the evil ones (the villains, the murderers, the murderers, etc.), It should be explained that a negative role model of behavior is necessary for the formation of people as a povnotsinny member of the suspension.
4) culturological explanations.

Some of them may be positive in nature and lead to positive inheritances. Ale in a large number of vipadks about the idea of ​​talking about a negative social phenomenon, which creates a school for the suspension. Most serious manifestations of such behavior are malignity, drug addiction and alcoholism.

Successful knowledge. Secondary course of training before EDI Shemakhanova Irina Albertivna

3.11. Behavior, how to see and go

Deviant (see) behavior: 1) vchynok, dії people, which are officially established or actually formed in the given suspension of norms and standards; 2) a social phenomenon, a rotation in mass forms of human performance, which is formally established or actually formed in a given suspension of norms and standards. Criterion of deviant behavior є moral and legal norms.

Delinquent (malignant) behavior- polyagaє in broken norms; under the category of counter-right action.

See deviant behavior

1) Primary deviation (for an hour every hour I will break social norms and do not pretend to be a deviant) and second deviation (to put the stigma of a "deviant" on a human being and to fix the beasts with him is wrong, by people).

2) Deviant behavior can be either collective or individual in nature. Individual deviation in a number of types is transformed into a collective one. Expansion of the rest of the family is tied up with the inflow of the criminal subculture, by means of which є declassified versions of the suspension. The categories of the population, more for those who are sick and deviant, are called groups of rhizyk.

Types of behavior

* Socially accepted- positive, straightforward to old-fashioned norms, or standards and connections with social creativity, to accept the positive characteristics of the social system (geniality, heroic vchinki, sports activities, performance)

* neutral- divinity, eccentricity, pragmatism is seen among those who feel the way of dressing up, the manner of behavior, etc.

* Socially not praised- negativnі, disfunktsіonalnі, dezorganіzuyut sotsіalnu system i provіdnі її to ruynuvannya scho prizvodyat to devіantnoї povedіnki vchinki, SSMSC zavdayut Skoda suspіlstvu (vіdhilennya, spryamovanі on zapodіyannya Skoda іnshim (rіznomanіtnі agresivnі, protipravnі, zlochinnі dії) - delіnkventna povedіnka; vіdhilennya, SSMSC zavdayut shkodi self-esteem (alcoholism, suicide, drug addiction, etc.).

Functions of deviants in suspensions

1.with the help of social groups and help people to become more aware of the specialness and intelligence of their power values ​​(for example, within the framework of young informal organizations to adapt to their needs)

2. the origin of the inter-permissibility of actions of certain forms of behavior (it means that before the world the suspension can tolerate the behavior of persons);

3.Singing of deviants є with a back valve in the suspension, which can take into account social stress in singing crises (for example, speculators in the CPC knew the problem of supplying the suspension with deficient psychosocial drugs, and often a dealer

4.the manifestation of a great number of deviants in the case of those in the suspension that there is a defect, for which it is necessary to fight (for example, the increase in the scale of habarianism in the middle of the state officials in order to adopt the law of the struggle).

Typology of deviant behavior R. Merton runtutsya at the announcements about deviations how to develop different cultural goals and socially compete in ways of reaching them. As a matter of fact, there are many types of deviations: innovation (transfer of the year for the purposes of suspension and enumeration of out-of-the-box ways of reaching); ritualism (tying up the goals of this suspension and absurd exaggeration of the meaning of the ways to reach, with a head to be forgotten - meta); retretism (in the course of action); revolt (pragmatic to the fundamental breakdown of all large-scale casualties).

Theory of behavior of deviant and delinquent behavior

1) Theory of physical types When it comes to physical characteristics, it’s zooming in and out of the norm. Italian license C. Lombroso having taken into account, that there is a direct connection between the evil behavior and the biological peculiarities of the people. Win stverdzhuvav, "criminal type" is the result of degradation to the early stages of human evolution. W. Sheldon I saw three main types of human rice, which I pour into, on my mind, on the health of vchinks, which are characterized by how they behave, to see: endomorphic type(Roundness of forms, zayva va), mesomorphic type(Muscularity, Athletic), ectomorphic type(Subtlety, thinness). Sheldon described the singular types of behavior dominating the skin type: for example, malignant types and alcoholics in the main lie down to mesomorphic types. However, practice has led to the inability of the theories of physical types.

2) Basically psychoanalytic theory to see if there is a conflict, to see all the information about the special situation. Based on theory 3. Freud psychological reasons for deviation are called "dementia", "degeneration", "psychopathy", etc.

3) Prihilnikov the theory of pasting jarliks ​​(stigmatization) (E. Lemert, G. Becker) We begin to show the deviation of the group by assessing, "pushing" on the people of the "porushnik" label of the established norms and the imposition of opposite sanctions.

4) The theory of cultural transference of deviation: a) the theory of inheritance ( G. Tarde). People become rascals of the fact that from the earliest rock they have been drinking in the middle-class, and they themselves are a reference group; b) the theory of differential association ( E. Sutherland). It is a bagato in the deviant behavior of an individual to become a deviant, that is, Chim is more than an individual in the criminal middle, and it is more important to be a deviant in the future.

Causes of deviant behavior

1) Biological features of the rules.

2) Addiction, i.e., the practice of uniqueness of internal social and psychological discomfort.

3) Concept of disorientation ( E. Durkheim) Stverdzhu, which is a life-giving ground for deviant and social crises, if the inconsistency of the accepted norms and the living standards of the people and the insistence of anomia - the prevalence of norms are inevitable.

4) R. Merton Having respected, the reason for the deviation is not the visibility of the norms, but the unhappiness of them being met.

5) Margіnalіzatsіya. In yakosti characteristic rice social behavior of margins can be called a decrease in the level of social awareness and social needs.

6) Infection with "filthy" norms of the spiritual culture of representatives of the Middle and Eastern beliefs from the lower spheres. Іnfіkuvannya іdbuvаnnya for an hour іn fіlkuvannya "on the street", as a result of vypadkovyh knowledge.

7) Expansion of social pathologies of a different kind (development of mental illness, alcoholism, drug addiction, destruction of the genetic fund of the population).

8) Vagabondness is the same kind of marriage (from participation in the suspension of a successful practice, the idea of ​​not working hard to get it).

9) Social nerves. Fundamental needs for people to achieve similarities, and the possibilities of their satisfaction are among the young social authorities (rich and common). In such minds, one can recognize the "moral right" to deviant behavior in relation to the old age, which can be seen in different forms of expression. Given the theory, the seedling, lay in the ideological foundation of the revolutionary deviation of the bolsheviks against the possessing classes: “rob the looted”, the imprisoned ones, the primus robots, the shooting, the GULAG. In the case of a deviation in manifestation, it is between righteous goals (beyond social equality) and unrighteous means (total violence).

10) It is tied to the formulation of motivation, social roles and statuses of people in the past that year, which is to say one to one. Social roles are constantly changing in the process of life of a people, being able to accommodate either conformity or deviant motivation.

11) Conflict between the norms of culture of a given social group and support. The subculture of a student or an army group, a lower ball, a bandy, is very interested in own interests, goals, values, from one side, and from one side, from one side, from one side.

12) Social (including failures), technogenic and natural cataclysms, destroy the psyche of people, improve social inequality, viciously disorganize law enforcement agencies, well for an active reason deviant behavior of bagatokh people.

Deviant behavior in the prototype suspension social control- for the sake of the suspension, for the help of which to sniff people, they are led up to the accepted norms and rules of behavior. social control - Zusilla otochuyuchih, straightened on the preoccupation of deviant behavior, punishment of deviants or їkh corrections. Social control is possible due to the importance of the mechanism of self-regulation in social systems, such as the establishment of normative (legal, moral, etc.) regulation of behavior of individuals.

social sanctions - the cost of operatively entering and waving in a group, necessary for managing the behavior of thir members, for ensuring the internal integrity and safety of a suspicious life, stimulating for the whole member of the guardian to behave

Negative informal sanctions: viraz dissatisfaction, tormented by faces, giving up friends.

Negative formal sanctions: All punishments, as passed by the law (fines, harassment, confusion, confiscation of the lane, deaths of virok, etc.)

Informal positive sanctions: response to positive behavior, as in accordance with the standards of behavior and value systems of the group.

Formal positive sanctions- the chain of reactions of formal institutions, so that they are specially hired for people, to positive behavior (publicly grabbed from the side of the government, decorated with orders, medals, pennies in the city, erected memorials, etc.).

For the method of the internal vice, see the onset of sanctions: right sanctions (the system of punishment and zaokhochen, broken up and transferred by law); ethical sanctions (system of condemnation, dogan and sponukan, scho to spiral on moral principles); satirical sanctions (a system of all kinds of ridicule, gluzuvan, how to become stagnant in terms of performance until quietly, if you behave yourself wrong, as it is accepted); relіgіynі sanctions (because of the heights, established by the system of dogmas and the violation of the laws of religion, in the fallowness because of that, because of the fact that the behavior of individual orders and fences is ruled out).

moral sanctions to be realized without a mediocre social group through different forms of behavior and assignment to an individual, and legal, political, economic sanctions - through the scope of new social and institutional

deviationі conformism- two other types of behavior.

conformity - situational behavior of the individual in the minds of a particular group vice (injected). The ability to know one's own turn in the change of sight and behavior from the point of view is greater. Є two types of conformal behavior: internalі call according to the order of the individual group. Conformist behavior znnovane on the basis of the order of the legal order without a lot of general knowledge, without a lot of legal activity. If the sub'єkt pіdorіdkovu their behavior is rightly ordered to the deprivation of this reason, it is rightfully so "to shake it off", and it is vvazhaє.

There is a conformal and deviant motivation for people to be indifferent(A field near the street is of interest to navkolishny, baiduzhost, baiduzhost, passivity).

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3 books of Tsі divnі Swedes author Berlin Peter

BEHAVIOR OF CHOLOVIKI AND WOMEN In Sozemtsya, which has settled down in Switzerland, feud can be reduced, since the country is inhabited by two people absolutely different from one to the same peoples: one nation is a group of people, and the other is a beautiful woman.

3 books of Ci wondrous Scots author Ross Devid

BEHAVIOR The nation of conformists Scotland is far from being willing. Smell your thoughts about everything in the light. Volodyuchi respect the collectiveism, the stench in the greatness of his law and hearing, as from the point of view of the law and intelligence. Ale try to speed up with them in your own purposes,

3 books of Rhodes. The traveler author Furst Florian

Behavior I want the atmosphere in Greece to be strong and unimpressed, protest, to know the rules of behavior. So, on the beach, you can get skinny, as much as you can (only new nudism is unacceptable). Ale in places and villages accept guilt by

3 books of Tsі divnі australіytsі author Hunt Kent

Behavior normal behavior Then praise your hopes. Guess what otochenny to live in. Even the geographic position of the land is abnormal. I call not about cheap hardened

3 books Suspilstvoznavstvo: Cheat Sheet the author Author of nevidomy

12. SOCIAL CONFLICT І YOGO DOSVIL. Behavior, how to see Conflict (in Latin Conflictus - confusion, fighting one against one) - prototyping and confusion among groups of people.

З books A memo to the citizens of the SRSR, how to see them for the cordon the author Author of nevidomy

Behavior We didn’t know any bi-land, tell the world laws, songs and traditions! Pomilkovo vvazat, scho being in the country in the capacity of an earthly guest, allow you to avoid being punished for their neglect, or to deny a special status. Remember that

Three books of the perukarnya to the right: Practical handbook the author Konstantinov Anatoly Vasilovich

Book of the Divine of Our Evolution author Harrison Kit

Behavior We were already stuck with those sedated behavioral programs (crying, wet and haphazard reflexes are unimportant, as well as fear of temperament), but only those types of behavior that dominated all people as representatives of the same species. Smile, smir,

З books Novіtnіy philosophical vocabulary the author Oleksandr Gritsanov

Vidhilyaєtsya (deviant) - (lat. Deviatio - vidhilennya) - the form will show vidnosin іndivіdіv and social groups to the norms and values ​​of the social system, in such a stench dіyut. Tied up for nutrition and social welfare

3 books of Voditi yak Styg author Collins Ben

Chi's behavior is not for you when the car in front of you collapses chaotically, decayed ... And tse, mіzh іnshim, number one in the list of reasons for accidents when overtaking. Intervals between cars can be used

- the price, from one side, vchynok, dії people, whіkіvіdpіnіtіvіtіvіtіvіvіtіvіtіvіtіvіtіvіvіtіvіvіvіtіvіvіtіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіvіy in the given suspіlstіvі norms and standards, and from the latter - the social phenomenon, circulating in the mass forms of the People's form, norms and standards. Social control - the mechanism of social regulation, the supremacy of the methods and methods of social inflow, as well as the social practice of social regulation.

Understanding deviant behavior

pid deviant(Vid lat.Deviatio - vidhilennya) behavior in modern sociology, rely on respect, from one side, vchynok, and other people, which are formally established, or actually formed at the same suspension norms and standards, and from the official - socially actually formed in the given suspension norms and standards.

We want to serve as an understanding of social norms for the reasonableness of deviant behavior, as it grows like a border, a world of permissible (permissible and binding) in the behavior of people, for the sake of preserving the social system. Respect for social norms can be:

  • positive, straightened to the old-fashioned norms, or standards and ties with social creativity, which take on the characteristics of the social system;
  • Negative - dysfunctional, disorganized social system and provincial before ruining, producing deviant behavior.

Deviant behavior is a social vibration of its own kind: if the whole social behavior is incompetent with the real possibilities of their reach, indivi- dies can be victorious in their goals. For example, the deyakі indivіdi in pursuit of illusory success, wealth, or the possession of the socially fenced in, and in some cases, pro-legal and fraudulent, either as law-enforcers or zealots. In the last form of resignation from the norms, I will face rebellion and protest, demonstratively rejecting the values ​​and standards accepted in the suspension, the power of the revolutionaries, terrorists, religious extremists and those who are actively fighting against the people

In all these cases, deviation is the result of a lack of time or indifference to adapt to the suspension of the first person, for example, to indicate an apparent failure of socialization.

Forms of deviant behavior

Deviant behavior is obvious, so it only needs to compete with the cultural norms of this group. For example, zlochintsi vvazhayut normal way of earning money, however, a large part of the population vvazhaє such behavior is deviant. There are certain kinds of social behavior: in some suspensions, the stench is deviant, in those who are not. In general, up to the forms of deviant behavior, urge against criminal malice, alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, gambling, psychotic disorder, suicide.

One of the typology of deviant behavior introduced in contemporary sociology, the typology of deviant behavior, was broken up by R. Merton in line with the declaration about deviation as the result of anomie, so that the process of ruining the basic elements of culture, the first for all aspects.

Typology of deviant behavior Merton scoffs at the announcements about deviations how to develop different cultural goals and socially compete in ways of reaching them. As a matter of fact, there are many types of deviation:

  • інnovatsіya The allowance for the year for the purposes of the suspension and the list of out-of-the-box ways of reaching (up to the "innovators" to talk about things, blackmailers, creators of "financial piracy", great things);
  • ritualism, Interfacing with the goals of this suspension and the absurd excesses of the meaning of the methods to reach, for example, the bureaucrat vimag, a leather document with a book of information, two transformations,
  • retretism(And as a result of action), how to turn around in people and in socially successful goals, and in all ways of reaching (drinkers, drug addicts, homeless people, etc.);
  • stabbed, I will shut down and tsіlі, and methods, ale pragne until іх change to new (revolutionaries, as to push to the fundamental breakdown of all huge victories).

Merton is one type of non-deviant behavior that is more conformable, so that he can rotate in the years for purposes and in the way of reaching. The typology of Merton emphasizes respect for the fact that deviation is not a product of an absolutely negative promotion to foreign-accepted norms and standards. For example, the villain is not socially grasping meta - materially prosperous, but you can be pragmatic to her with the same zeal as a young ludin, conscripted by the service kar'ara. The bureaucrat does not think of the robotized rules of the game, albeit vikonuє їkh nadto literally, reaching the point of absurdity. At the same time, he is a villain, and a bureaucrat is deviant.

deyakі causes of deviant behavior be not social, but biopsychic. For example, schism to alcoholism, drug addiction, psychotic problems can be transmitted from fathers to children. In sociology of deviant behavior, there are a few straight lines to explain the reasons for this. So, Merton, the vicarious understanding of the "anomia" (the camp of the suspension, in which the old norms and values ​​are no longer considered real ones, reached. Within the framework of a straightforward basis, based on the theory of conflict, staying focused, socially educated and aware, as the stench is based on the norms of the international culture. For example, a zlochinets are looking at a different singing subculture, which is conflicted in terms of the type of culture that is different in this suspension. A number of contemporary social scientists are involved, as well as deviations and social irregularities in suspensions, in the capacity to meet the needs of young social groups.

mіzh different forms deviant behavior is to perceive a connection, with one negative phenomenon of a child. For example, alcoholism with the help of bullying.

marginalization One of the reasons for deviation. The head acquaintance of marginalization is the development of social ties, and in the "classic" options there is a chance to break economic and social ties, and also spiritual. As a characteristic rice of social behavior of marginal, it is possible to name a decrease in the level of social cleaning and social needs. A taste of marginalization є primitivization of the outer segments of the suspension, which appears in the virobnest, pobut, spiritual life.

One group of reasons for deviant behavior is tied to the extended family of children social pathology, The growth of mental illness, alcoholism, drug addiction, destruction of the genetic fund of the population.

The vagabond is the same They represent a special way of living (from the participation in the suspension of the corysn_y practice, the organization only to the unemployed). Social security of social deviations of the whole family of the field in that, that vagabonds and mothers do not often play in the role of middlemen in advanced drugs, to curb theft and mischief.

Deviant behavior in a day-to-day suspension of a special person. The price is more and more old and rational. The main idea of ​​deviants is to go to the risky, from adventurers - to rely on professionalism, but not in the share of vapors, but in the knowledge and assimilation of vibrations. Deviant risky behavior of self-actualization, self-realization and self-assertion of specialness.

Often deviant behavior is tied to addiction, so that it can unify internal social and psychological discomfort, change its social and mental state, which is characterized by internal struggle, internal confrontation. To that, deviant wisps are vibrated in front of them, but there is no legal opportunity for self-realization in the minds of the formed social architecture, which indivisibility is stifled, and special pragmatism is blocked. Such people cannot change their careers, change their social status, vicarious and legitimate channels of social mobility, due to which they impede unnatural and unfair norms of order.

As this is the kind of deviation that swells with a stiff character, it becomes the norm of behavior for bagatyokh, the partnership of goiters does not look at the principle, how to stimulate behavior, how to see, or to reevaluate social norms. In general, the behavior, which is considered deviant, can be normal. The destructive deviation did not negate a wide extension, it is necessary:

  • expand access to legitimate ways to achieve success and attendance at social gatherings;
  • dotrimuvatisya social equality before the law;
  • Confirm legislation, bringing it to the status of new social realities;
  • pragmatic to the adequacy of malignancy and punishment.

Deviant and delinquent behavior

In social life, like in real road Russia, people often see the rules, like the stench of guilt.

Behavior, yak not recognized by vimogam, be called deviant(To see).

Counter-legal acts, vchinki and law-enforcers were adopted by delinquent behavior. For example, to delinquent it is possible to bring hooliganism, obscene huskies in a huge city, participation in a fight and іnshі action, as well as violating legal norms, but still not a serious criminal malice. Delinquent behavior є kind of deviant.

Positive and negative deviations

Deviacii (vidhilennya), as a rule, will negative. For example, malignity, alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, prostitution, terrorism, etc. However, in some cases it is possible positive deviations, for example, very individualized behavior, is characteristic of the original creative mission, Yake can be judged by the suspension of yak "diva", vіdhilennya vіd norms, but at the same time it is suspiciously cinnamon. Asceticism, holiness, geniality, innovation are signs of positive deviations.

Negative deviations can be divided into two types:

  • visibility, which is direct to the retardation of the school (flexible aggressive, counterintuitive, malignant actions);
  • іdhilennya, as they start a school of their own specialties (alcoholism, suicide, drug addiction, etc.).

Causes of deviant behavior

The reasons for the deviant behavior were earlier explained by the biological peculiarities of the norms - specific physical characteristics, genetic failures; on the basis of psychological peculiarities - rosy appearance, mental problems of a mental nature. With a whole psychological mechanism, the formation of large deviations of naked adictive behavior ( addiction- mouth addiction), if lyudin is pragmatic in all kinds of folding real life, Vikoristovuchi for alcohol, drugs, gambling. Pidsumkom of addiction є management of specialties.

Biological and psychological interpretation of the reasons for the deviation did not know the unambiguous answers in science. Bigger validity sociological the theory of how to look at the nature of the deviation in a wide community context.

good concept disorientation, proponated by the French sociologist Emil Durkheim (1858-1917), a life-giving ground for deviations and social crises, if the inconvenience of accepted norms and living standards for the people and the insistence of standards of abnormality is seen.

The American sociologist Robert Merton (1910-2003), having respected, that the reason for the deviation is not the lack of norms, but the unhappiness of them. anomia - the aim of developing people with culture-based goals and the availability of socially accepted resources for their achievement.

Success and wealth are important for modern culture. Allegedly, the suspension does not give all people legal means to achieve their goals. To this, people are brought up to either choose illegal or illegal, or think of them, substituting them with illusions of well-being (drugs, alcohol, etc.). Another option for deviant behavior in such a situation is a rebellion against, and the establishment of goals and conditions.

Based on theory stigmatization(Abo navіshuvannya yarlikіv) all people are deviated to the breaking of norms, albeit deviant they become those on whom the deviant's jarlik is "glued". For example, a colossal zeal can be seen from his evil past, but he will not be able to think of a malignant one, a unique one, who can be brought up to a robot, etc. As a result, the newcomer will only have one option - to turn to the criminal path.

Apparently, in happy holiday deviant behavior is most characteristic of both unstable and most infuriating. In our country, youth alcoholism, drug addiction, and malignancy are especially troublesome. To fight with the criminals and the small deviations required complex come.

Reasons for the explanation of deviant behavior

The deviance of the win is already in the process of the primordial socialization of the people. Vona is tied to the form of motivation, social roles and statuses of people in the past that year, which is to say one to one. For example, the role of the schoolboy is not to be overlooked by the child's roll. The motivational structure of people is ambivalent in nature, both positive (conform) and negative (deviant) motives are found in them.

Social roles are constantly changing in the process of life of a people, being able to accommodate either conformity or deviant motivation. The reason for this is the development of the suspension, its values ​​and norms. Those that are very deviant, become normal (conformal), and navpaki. For example, socialism, revolution, bolsheviks and t. P. Motives and norms were deviant for tsarist Russia, and their noses were punished with dignity and vyaznitsa. If the change is large, the deviant norms will be normal. The collapse of the Radiansky support, re-making its norms and values ​​in deviant, became the cause of a new deviant behavior of people in the affected Russia.

For an explanation of the deviant behavior, use the name of the version. In the end of the 19th century, the theory of the Italian Likar Lambroso about genetic change your mind about deviant behavior. "Criminal type", on yogo thought, є the result of the degradation of people on early stages development. These are the signs of deviant people: when the lower gap appears, sensitivity to pain is reduced, etc. In our hour, before the biological reasons for deviant behavior, there are abnormalities in the state chromosomes, or additional chromosomes.

psychological the reasons for the deviation are called "dementia", "degeneration", "psychopathy", etc. For example, Freud discovered the type of people with a kind of psychotic craving to ruin. The sexual deviation of nibito is tied to the great fear of castration and the so-called P.

infection By the "filthy" norms of the spiritual culture of representatives of the middle and of the ages from the lower spheres, they can be taken into account as the cause of deviant behavior. Іnfіkuvannya іdbuvаnnya for an hour іn fіlkuvannya "on the street", as a result of vypadkovyh knowledge. Deyakі social scientists (Miller, Sellin) are involved in, that the lower social verifications may be advised to be ready for the risik, gostrich views, etc.

overnight injected groups They wander with people of the lower ball like a deviant one, expanding on them one by one, depending on their deviant behavior. For example, in Happy Russia"Osib Caucasian Nationalities" are used by potential sellers, villains, villains. Here it is possible to create a TV set and a demonstration of scenes of deviant behavior.

Foggy normative formulas of motivation People in folding situations are yammy - this is also the reason for deviant behavior. For example, the formulas "robi yak can be more beautiful", "becoming the interest of the suspension of their own", etc. Do not allow to adequately motivate your action in a particular situation. An active conformist will be pragmatic up to ambitious motives and projects, passive - to pass his Zusilla to a peaceful calm, and people with a conformist-deviant motivation will always know a loophole for realizing their deviant behavior.

Social Inertia - Another most important reason for deviant behavior. Fundamental needs for people to achieve similarities, and the possibilities of their satisfaction are among the young social authorities (rich and common). In such minds, one can recognize the "moral right" to deviant behavior in relation to the old age, which can be seen in different forms of expression. Given the theory, the seedling, lay in the ideological foundation of the revolutionary deviation of the bolsheviks against the possessing classes: “rob the looted”, the imprisoned ones, the primus robots, the shooting, the GULAG. In the case of a deviation, in obviousness, it is a split between unrighteous goals (outside social parity) and unrighteous means (total violence).

Conflict with culture norms These social groups and suspensions are also the cause of deviant behavior. The subculture of a student or an army group, a lower ball, a bandy, is very interested in own interests, goals, values, from one side, and from one side, from one side, from one side. At times in a given event and in this hour - for example, for some reason - a deviant behavior according to the prevailing cultural norms accepted in the suspension.

The class day of the state However, the reason for the deviant behavior of both the state in terms of being attributed to the attuned classes, and the remaining in terms of attitudes to the new one, is important. From the point of view of the theory of conflictological theory, it is seen in the state of the law and seize the Persh for all not working people, but the bourgeoisie. The communes vypravdovuvuyut their negative position to the bourgeois state and the oppressive nature.

anomia - the reason for deviation, proponated by E. Durkheim when analyzing the causes of suicide. Vona is the devaluation of the cultural norms of the people, their eyesight, mentality, constipation in the way of the revolutionary development of the suspension. People, from one side, draw on the enthusiasm, but from the other side, they do not follow the vast cultural norms to the realization of their needs. This is how it became the standard of the Radianskyi suspension. Immediately, millions of Radiansky people became Russians, living in the "jungle of wild capitalism", de "lyudin ludin - vovk", de din competition, as explained by social Darwinism. In such minds, one (conformity) adapts, and they become deviant right up to malignant and self-sucking.

An important reason for deviant behavior є social (including wars), technogenic and natural disasters. The stench will ruin the psyche of people, make up for social unrest, viciously disorganize law enforcement agencies, and become an active reason for the deviant behavior of people who are buggers. For example, you can ask about the legacies of our trivial conflict in Chechnya, Chornobil, and the earthworm.

Fakhivtsi in the hall of sociology of reason for the deviant behavior of the people, who do not accept to be accepted into the partnership by the norms. The behavior, how to see it, can also be seen as a mass phenomenon in the society.

The assessment of deviant behavior is based on the same value as a social norm. Tse є whatever is permissible in the behavior of people, which is necessary for the preservation of the social structure. Vіdhilennya vіd sotsіalnykh norms klasifіkuyut the offensive rank:

  • positive visibility. Yogo meta - friendly change of social structure by way of transition from old standards to modern ones;
  • negative vision. To lead to ruining and disorganization of the social system and, as inherited, to deviant behavior.

Let's think about the correct judgment about seeing: “Deviant behavior can be correlated with a social vibor. At times, if they do not seem to be able to reach the real possibilities, individuals often vdayutsya to their own resources, so that they allow the bazhan to covet. " For sociologists, the opinion is obvious - the judgment is true, and like the butt to them, people can be brought to them, like to push to the power and wealth. To achieve your goals, the stench can vibrate against the law and the anti-social process and make you become a villain. For, for example, protest, rejection of suspicious values ​​may also be forms of vidhilen, which are characterized by terrorism, extremism, revolutionaries.

Deviant behavior is obvious, although it can be in line with the norms of a particular group. For example, in the criminal light, imaging is the norm, however, for the average population, it is imperative to be affected by behavior. In a stupid vigilance to the attachment of deviant behavior

refer to:

  • alcoholism
  • prostitution
  • crime
  • suicide
  • psychotic
  • gambling
  • drug addiction

In science stakes, the typology of R. Merton has been expanded for the most part. The author of this typology vvazhaє deviation is the result of a balanced cultural basis, especially a ethical basis. In such a rank,

Merton vidіlyaє chotiri basic types of deviant behavior:

  1. інnovatsіya = the year with huge goals, albeit protected by the suspension of the nobles to reach. The forms of deviation are prostitution, blackmail, the establishment of "financial piracy".
  2. ritualism = zaprechennya huge goals, navmisnaya surpassing nobles and reaching. The form of deviation is bureaucracy.
  3. Retretism = rejection of the goals and objectives that are accepted by the society, and generally based on the ways of reaching them. The forms of deviation are drug addiction, alcoholism, vagrancy.
  4. revolt = a list of goals, and methods, established by the suspension, as well as replacing them with new ones. The form of deviation is a revolution, a reaction to the turning point of suspicious changes.

Merton declares that deviation does not mean negatively being brought to the level of acceptance. For example, the villain of the bazha of material prosperity, showing pragmatism to the point of socially grasped property. A bureaucrat, who is pragmatic to the observance of the proper rules of the robot, protest vimogi literally, and the hour is absurd.

Let's take a short look at the main broader causes of death in behavior.

The reasons for the deviation may not only be social, but also biopsychic. For example, schism to drug addiction and alcoholism can be transmitted to children from fathers.

One of the reasons is marginalization. The main signs are the separation of all sounds with a suspension: in the first place, social and economic, and then spiritual. Slidstvo marginalizatsii - transition to primitive segments of the suspension.

In most cases, there is a connection with addiction - a problem with internal discomfort, which has a social and psychological character, changes in one's mental state. Most often the behavior is to be seen by those people, whose indivisibility is choked up, and pragmatic is blocked. The stench, for a number of reasons, diminishes the possibility of "pobuduvati kar'єru", the promotion of social status and the imposition of unfair standards.

Psychological and biological causes of deviation at the moment will not lead to the development and development of science. More reliable sociological theories that look at vision in behavior in a large context. So, to achieve a wider expansion of the concept of disorientation, proponated by the French E. Durkheim. Win vvazhav, as the main soil appears vidhilen in the lead - tse suspilny crises. In that case, if the ineffectiveness of huge norms and living principles in a particular people is seen, there may come a camp of anomia, which means the presence of norms.

The theory of stigmatization ("navishuvannya yarlikiv") is also widely seen. According to the theory, absolutely all people lose their strength to the point of breaking down their suspicious norms. However, in a deviant way, only go to those on whom the jarlik is hung. For example, a recidivist can forget his wickedly past and start living a new life, or he can taste all his actions, he can’t let the stench, the stench can interfere with him, don’t become a robot. First, lyudin will be tempted to again turn to the criminal path.

The reasons for the deviations of the psychological nature are the cause of the breakdown of the psyche, the emergence of a rosy development. For example, Freud zyasuvav, scho є type of people with vrodzhenim bazhannyam to ruinuvannya.

Infected by vile norms can be seen as a reason for deviation. "Infected" is possible as a result of bad interaction with people with little knowledge.

Inertia in society can also be the reason for the loss of behavior in people. The basic consumption of a large number of people is similar, and the axis of flexibility is satisfying in the new versions of the suspension of development. As a result, people come to a thought, but the stench may have a "moral right" to deviations in terms of quality.

It is impossible to ignore the reasons for the deviation of natural / technogenic cataclysms. The stench is to cause the psyche of people to be ruined, the nervousness in the suspensions. Furious to the butt of the most recent past - the price of a legacy of a trivial Vіysk conflict in Chechnya, or a catastrophe in Chornobil, a rise in the earthworm.

In order for the development of the development in the behavior of the people, you must follow these rules:

  • give access to new legitimate paths to achieve prosperity, advance social status;
  • take the social equality of people before the law;
  • namagatisya adequately treat punishment and malnutrition.