Dovgasti's brain like a speech of pretensions. Dovgasty brain of people and their most important functions

Prodigal brain- відділ Central nervous system, Titles are also bulbus, tsibulinoyu abo medullaoblongata in Latin. It is located between the dorsal viddil, bridge and є part of the head stovbur. Vicon is rich in the most important functions: regulation of behavior, blood circulation, etching. Є the foundations of the central nervous system. Yogo hitting often produces a lethal result, so when you see a lot of vital functions.

Mystery of the anatomy of the big brain

The back view of the central nervous system is the place where the brain is located. From the bottom, go to the back, and from the top - with the susids from the bridge. The porosity of the fourth slumber, filled with rіdinoyu (liquor), emerges the bulb from the moss. It ends approximately there, de the head pass into the shia, so that the lower jog border is torn off at the equal entrance (open).

The anatomy of a large brain resembles the spinal cord and the head part of the central nervous system. The cybulin is stored from white and gray speech, to both provincial nobles and cores. We can learn (piridi), a very powerful function and move at the front back of the conduit.

On the side of the frame there are olives - oval illumination, divided by a furrow. On the posterior surface of the dense brain is median, intermediate and lateral to the cordon. The cranial fibers of the ninth, tenth and eleventh bets run behind the lateral cordon.

The bulbus of the central nervous system is built up from the onset of the syllabus of speech:

1. The nucleus of Olivia, where there is a ligament with the dentate nucleus of the cornsus. I will get rid of the ryvnovagu.
2. Reticular formations are a changeover that integrates the development of the central nervous system and between itself, preserving the nucleus for the robot.
3. Sudden-horned і dichny center.
4. The nuclei of the ovarian pharyngeal, bloody, podatal and pid'yazic nerve fibers.

Bila rechovina (nerves fibers in a thick brain) will provide a non-functional function head part CNS from the back. They are suitable for small and short fibers. Paramount lines and lines of wedge-shaped and thin bundles are fixed with high wire fibers.

Functions of a full-bodied brain

Bulbus in the warehouse of the central nervous system stockbury and is subject to regulation arterial vise, To the robot of spontaneous messages. The functions of a person who are already in the brain are vital for the people. In addition, in case of injuries, injuries often lead to fatal results.

Main functions:

1. Regulation of blood circulation, dikhannya.
2. Evidence of reflexes in changnya, cough.
3. The nucleus of the ulcerative pharyngeal nerve will become insecure.
4. The bloating nerve has autonomic fibers, which can be infused into the robot's heart, etching systems.
5. Rivnovaga will get a ligament in the cerebellum.

Dikhannya to regulate for the help of a healthy robot, inspiratory (based on inhalation) and expiratory (based on visual) evidence. Inodi dichny center is driven by shock camps, traumas, strokes, abjures, obscenities. Suffocation of one’s appearance is also the case with hyperventilation (increased blood pressure). The nucleus of 10 bets of cranial nerves also take care of the fate of the dichanna.

Blood circulation is regulated behind the aid of the robot, the nucleus of the bloating nerve, which is infused into the heart, as well as on the tone of the nerve. The whole center receives information from the heart, the system of etching those parts of the human body. Ten pairs of nerves, which are going to go through, lower the frequency of the hearts very quickly.

A bloody nerve that can be done to a robot shlunkovo-intestinal tract... Stimulates the appearance of hydrochloric acid, pancreatic enzymes, accelerating the peristalsis of the intestinal tract. Sensitive fibers go out from the pharynx and the drum mating. Rukov_ fibers will ensure the narrowing of the processes of kovtannya, in which they take on the fate of the throat, soft podnebinnya.

The yaziopharyngeal nerve, a pair of nine mouthwash into the throat, then the stravohid.

Pid'yazicovy nerve is a muscle fiber, which regulates the robot's muscles. Zabezpechuє smoktannya, lisannya, kovtannya, articulation (mov).

Symptoms of Bulbus

Sometimes as a result of injuries, intoxications, common illnesses, hemorrhages, ischemia, shock conditions medullaoblongata break down, scho lead to bulbar syndrome. The main causes of pathology:

1. Insult (blood).
2. Syringomієliya (emptyness).
3. Porphyry.
4. Botulism.
5. Dislocation syndrome with injuries, hematomas.
6. Diabetes mellitus, ketoacidosis.
7. Diya lykarsky zasobiv antipsychotics.

It is important to learn: budova, functions, symptoms in pathological camps.

To what to produce: treatment, diagnostics, prophylaxis.

On a note: і why do we need to destroy its functions.

Symptoms of severe brain damage include:

1. Damage to blood circulation: bradycardia, reduced grip.
2. Rozlad dichnoї funktsії: Kussmaul's dichanna with ketoacidosis, zadishka.
3. Destroyed kovtannya, zhuvannya.
4. Rukhovi rozladi.
5. Into the gusto.
6. Damage to reflexes.
7. Rozlad movi.

When the brain is damaged, it is possible to imitate the function of the respiratory center, which can lead to asphyxia (suffocation). Rozlad of the pressor viddilu wiklikak fall of the arterial vise.

Include destructive work, overpowering. People have hearts that are fast, winy. This is how the power of the pid'yazikovoy nerve will be ruined, the patient will take in the health of the words, the zhuvannya. You can get lost in the company.

Yak can be seen from the statistics, the brain is important in the safe living of people. Blood circulation, dikhannya are the most important functions. The shocking of a whole lot of vision can be brought to death.

Prodigal brain ( medulla oblongata) Є continued spinal cord... Structural and functional organization of its fold, lower in the spinal cord. On the vidminu from the spinal cord, it is not a metameric, repeated budovy, the syra speech in the new growth is not in the center, but in nuclei to the periphery.

In the large brain, there are olives, tied with the spinal cord, the extrapiradic system and the cerebellum - the thin and wedge-shaped nuclei of proprioceptive sensitivity (the nuclei of Goll and Burdach). Immediately there is a cross-baptism of the lower and middle nobles and the upper nobles, made up of thin and wedge-like bunches (Gaul and Burdakh), a reticular form.

Dovgast's brain takes care of the fate of the realization of vegetative, somatic, relish, auditory, vestibular reflexes, it will prevent the display of folding reflexes, so that the last inclusion of the young meat groups will be supported,

In the large brain, the nuclei of the cranial nerves (VIII, XIX, X, XI, XII) have been rocked.

Sensory functions. Dovgastia brain regulates a number of sensory functions: the reception of the individual's sensitiveness - in the sensory nucleus of the triple nerve; first analysis of relish - in the nucleus of the laziopharyngeal nerve; auditory tease - in the nucleus of the cochlear nerve; vestibular subtypes - in the upper vestibular nucleus. At the back of the head of the large brain, there is a path of high, glib, visceral sensitivity, some of which are transferred here to another neuron (thin and wedge-shaped nuclei). On the basis of the oblong brain, the sensory functions are reworked to realize the first analysis of strength and quality, the processed information is transferred to the parent structure for the purpose of determining the biological significance of the given growth.

Provincial functions. Through the protracted brain, pass all the lower and lower paths of the spinal cord: spinal-thalamic, corticospinal, rubrospinal. Take an ear of vestibulospinal, olivospinal and reticulospinal tracts from a new one, to avoid the tone and coordination of myase reactions, to end the measles great brain- korkovoretikularny way.

So educate the brain, yak mest, middle brain, Lobe, thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex, may cause bilateral ligaments in the dovgastim brain. The evidence of the cyclical connections is indicative of the fate of the dense brain in the regulation of the tone of skeletal muscles, vegetative and vital integral functions, and analysis of sensory subtleties.

Reflex functions. In a dystopian brain, the life is very important, the center is dysfunctional and rude. Win organizing and realizing a number of basic reflexes: blues, chews, coughs, loses visions, motions, organizes reflexes of grub behavior: smokers, chews, coops.

In addition, the pre-gas brain takes over the fate of the formulated reflexes of the attitude. The reflexes are formed for the opening of the anterior receptors from the anterior receptors and the intravascular canals to the upper vestibular nucleus; The information on the assessment of the need to change the position to the lateral and medial vestibular nuclei has been reformed. The nucleus takes part in the role of the function of the muscle system, the segment of the spinal cord to take part in the change of position, because of the neurons of the medial and lateral nucleus along the vestibular spinal lines, the signal to come to the anterior spinal segments of the brain the fate of those in the winter positions in Naraz is necessary.

Change of position, position, change to take care of static and statokinetic reflexes. Static reflexes regulate tone skeletal cells from the mark of the singing position of the body. Statokinetic reflexes wriggle out overshoot the tone of the tulub muses to preserve the position and position in case of accelerated straight or overturned ruffs.

A great part of the autonomic reflexes of the large brain is realized through the rosetting in the new nucleus of the bloating nerve, which can be used to obtain information about the standard of heart, sudin, herbal tract, legends, and others. At the end of the day, information is received from the authorities and secretory reactions of the named organs. Destruction of the nuclei of the bloody nerve wiklikє the strengthening of the fast smooth mucus of the shlunk, intestines, chewing gum, and the weakening of the sphincters of the organs at once. At the same time, the robot's heart is relaxed and relaxed, the bronchial enlightenment sounds.

The center of sleepiness is localized in the large brain, the part of which will become more resistant to the root secretion is parasympathetic, and the white secretion of the sleepy worms is sympathetic.

In the structure of the formation of a dense brain, there is a spinal і sudoriferous center. The peculiarity of these centers is in the fact that their neurons are built up reflexively and before a number of chemistry pranksters.

The secondary center is located in the medial part of the reticular formations of the skin symmetric half of the large brain and divisions into two parts, inhalation and vidyhu.

In the reticular formations of the doughy brain, the most important center of life is given - the vertebral center (regulation of the vertebral tone). It is functionally functional with the formation of structures in the brain and persh for everything with the hypothalamus. Damage to the judiciary center depends on the rhythm of the reaction, the tone of the bronchial tubes, intestinal mucous membranes, sectional microflora, and in. The process is explained by the fact that the reticular formation of the large cerebral muscle is associated with the hypothalamus and the centers of the brain.

In the middle of the reticular formation, there are neurons that create a reticulospinal path, which is a galvanic infusion onto the motor neurons of the spinal cord. At the bottom of the IV thumbscrew, the neurons were "blakitnogo pamiami". Їх mediator є norepinephrine. The neurons wake up to the activation of the reticulospinal path in the phase of "nimble" sleep, which leads to the galvanizing of the spinal reflexes and the reduction of the muscular tone.

Possibility of a large brain is the most likely to produce a lethal result. Partly, half of the right half of the mind is overbaptized by the hierarchs of proprioceptive sensitiveness. Victory is on the side. At the same hour, on the protelezhny boat, on the other hand, the ears are more likely to deteriorate in their sensitiveness and hands and on paralysis. It should be explained that the paths from the spinal cord to the spinal cord are crossed, and the nuclei of the cranial nerves to innervate their half of the head, so that cranial nerves DO NOT overlap.

Reticular formation of the bridge є advanced reticular formations of the large brain and the ear of the whole system of the middle brain. Axonineurons of the bridge form go into the cerebellum, into the spinal cord (reticulospinal path). Stop activating the neurons of the spinal cord. The reticular formation of the bridge is infused into the bark of the great brain, wicked and activated or sleepy. There are two groups of nuclei, which are brought up to the dichal center behind. One center is active, the center of the vidikhu in the brain, and the one is the center of the vidihu. The neurons to the dichotomous center, roztashovani in the bridge, adapt the robot of dichal cells to the large brain, according to the smallest organism.

In the brain, from the bottom to the top, there are 5 types: pre-gas, posterior, middle, intermediate and endovian brain.

Small. 1. Sagittal growth of the brain.

1 - dovgastia brain; 2 - posterior cerebellum (mest і cerebellum); 3 - middle brain; 4 - middle brain; 5 - bone marrow.

Prodigal brain(Medulla oblongata) є without a medullary extension of the spinal cord and has a cone-like shape. Wine is given to the brain and spinal cord. They develop ventral, dorsal and bicular surfaces.

The lower boundary on the ventral surface is the place where the roots of the first parish nerves of the spinal cord go, the upper boundary is the lower edge of the bridge.

On the ventral surface, there is the middle cleft, and the extension of the same cleft of the spinal cord. Two late rollers from the sides from the side are removed - pіramіdi(Pyramides), installed with nerve fibers of the pyramid tracts, such as in the glybin lines on the border and from the spinal cord, to establish a cross (decussatio pytamidum). From the side of the pyramid to pass the anterior lateral groove, from it to enter the corners of the pid'yasic nerve. At the upper part of the furrow, the rose-shaped oval illumination - olivie(Olivae). Laterally, the olives pass the posterior lateral furrows of the dense brain, from which there are the corners of the predatal, bloody and lazyopharyngeal nerves.

Fig. 2. Transverse view of the dense brain on the bottom of the olives (view from the ventral surface).

1 - front middle slit; 2 - anterolateral furrow; 3 - pіramіdi; 4 - olivie; 5 - the core of the lower Olivia; 6 - gates of the core of the lower Olivia; 7 - diamond-shaped fossa; 8 - lower lobe of the corn; 9 - reticular formation; 10 - sub-core; 11 - the ulopharyngeal nerve; 12 - bloody nerve; 13 - dodatkovy nerve; 14 - pidyazic nerve

The dorsal surface of the dorsal brain grows in the lower and upper parts. In its lower third part, the posterior middle furrow extends into two symmetrical parts and to replace the continuation in the posterior cords of the spinal cord of the lower and wedge-shaped bundles, which end in two humps in one displacement. Approximately in the middle of the large brain, the right and left of the posterior cords spread up the hill and into the side and pass into these ridges - the lower lobes of the corns, which are buried into the cerebellum. The upper part of the dorsal surface of the dorsal brain is flared, the lower half is flared diamond-shaped pits... On the bottom of the rhomboid pit, pass the middle boron, on the sides of which there is a ripple - tricycles of the short and lazy nerves... There are pits at the bichi viddilahs, on the cordon with the bridge there is vestibular field, In the place where there are hearing and vestibular nuclei.

Fig. 3. Dorsal surface of the deep brain.

1 - diamond-shaped fossa; 2 - brains; 3 - middle back bordered; 4 - borodenal posterolateral; 5 - posterior intermediate boron; 6 - thin bunch; 7 - a hump of a thin beam; 8 - wedge-shaped bundle; 9 - a hump of a wedge-like beam; 10 - bichny rope; 11 - lower lobe of the corn.

Lateral to the surface of the large brain, to avenge the extended cords of the spinal cord and in the upper viddili end with a three-part hump.

The inside of budov in a dovgasty brain. There is a cross-sectional opening of the dense brain on the middle of the olives, a number of structures can be seen on the surface (Fig. 2). In the illumination of the old mind, take care of the fate of sire and speech, and in the world of letting in the mountain, the character of their mutual roztashuvannya step by step changes. Sira Rechovina step-by-step, introducing the shape of the panicle and spreading it out on the edge of the kernel by means of conductive paths.

You can see the chotiri group of nuclei in the large brain. The first group - the nuclei of the back cords, thinner and wedge-shaped, Roztashovani in comrades of the same hump. On the neurons of the cich nuclei, the fibers of a thin and wedge-shaped bundle end, which transmit information about the proprioceptors of the type and the cents. Axons of thin and wedge-shaped nuclei form two upper tracts: larger - bulbothalamic, Like at the sight of the medial loops go to the nuclei of the thalamus and bulbo-cerebellar It is straight into the corns in the storage of the lower lobes of the corns.

Another group of nuclei - olivie kernels... On the neurons of the nucleus, the decaying fibers end, which go out to the vervony nucleus of the middle brain. Functionally, the core is tied to the positions and the equal parts and the part extrapiracy systems... From now on, a great olive-cerebellar path is to be repaired, which is straight into the cerebellum in the storehouse of the lower lobes, and an alternate olive-cerebellar path, which descends into the spinal cord.

The third group of nuclei is represented by the nuclei of the cranial nerves. The nuclei of the YIII-XII cranial nerves are poured into the glybin of the large brain. The stench mainly grows on the dorsal surface of the dense brain in the area of ​​the diamond-shaped hollow. kernels frontal-ultkovy nerve (YIII pair) fill in the lateral edges of the rhomboid fossa in the area of ​​the vestibular field. Stink into 4 vestibular nuclei and 2 cochlear (auditory) nuclei. Hearing nuclei (ventral and dorsal) lie in the lateral view of the auditory field. On these cells the axons of the neurons of the spinal ganglion end, for which information is transmitted to the organ of hearing (ravliki). Axonineurons of the auditory nuclei are directed to the nuclei of the trapezoidal bridge. Three vestibular nuclei (lateral, medial and lower) can also be shattered on the ryvnі of the large brain, the fourth - the upper vestibular nucleus, can be seen in the storage of the nuclei of the bridge. Before them, along the axons of the vestibule ganglion, there is information about the receptors of the ivcolovy canals - the organ of the rivovagi. The vestibular nucleus is seen in a great number of entries. From them to be repaired vestibulo-spinalі vestibulo-cerebral path, functionally linked with the coordination of the activity of skeletal mucosa in the fallowness of the vestibular afferentation. Part of the bundles, which are responsible for visual-motor coordination (image stabilization on the images), goes down to the nuclei III, IY and YI of pairs of cranial nerves. Є also paths to the reticular form and thalamus. Iaziopharyngeal nerve (IX pair)- changes: more sensitive, dewy and vegetative nuclei, rosette in the large brain. Sensitive nucleus of the ulopharyngeal nerve є the core of a single path(N. Solitarius), as it stretched out into the dorsal part of the dorsal brain. The central nucleus is a sensitive sensitive nucleus for the YII, IX and X pairs of cranial nerves. At tsei core to get information from relish receptors movi, as well as from receptors internal organs and drum cross-flow. Nucleus afferents are directed to the thalamus and hypothalamus, as well as to the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves and to the reticular formation. Rukhov's core - sub-core(N. Ambiguous), rostasovani in the ventrolateral viddilah of the large brain. Є a burial nucleus for IX and X pairs of cranial nerves. May enter from sensitive nuclei Y, IX and X pairs of cranial nerves, as well as measles great pіvkul... The axonineurons of the nucleus end on the motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the larynx and pharynx. Take the fate of the healthier, cough and cough. The corky input will preserve the power of communication and coordination for the hour of promotion. I will name the vegetative core lower salivary nucleus(N. Salivatorius inferior). The axonneurons of the nucleus of a single path and the vestibular nuclei, as well as of the neurons of measles, are found in the newest. The core of robotic regulation near vines... X pair - bloody nerve(N. Vagus) - also a mood: rudy, sensitive, vegetative. Rukhov's core is subtle, and sensitive is the core of a solitary way. Vegetative core - posterior nucleus of the venous nerve, Roztashovuє on the dorsal surface of the dorsal brain in the area of ​​the tricuspid of the blucous nerve. On the neurons of the whole nucleus, the axons of the neurons of the nucleus of a single path and sensory nuclei of the tripartite nerve end. Axonineurons of the vagus end on the neurons of the parasympathetic ganglia of the internal organs of the black and breast emptying. The core takes care of the role in the regulation of the robotics of internal organs, good luck gag reflex... XI pair - dodatkovian nerve(N. Accessorius) - rukhovy. The nucleus grows medially into the lower cuff of the rhomboid pit, tied with the anterior horns of the spinal cord and close to them behind the bud. I adjust the shoulder girdle to the robot. XII pair - pidyazic nerve(N. Hypoglossus) - rukhovy. The kernel grows in the area of ​​the rhomboid tricycle. A part of the fibers of the cortical-nuclear tract, as well as the axons of the neurons of the sensitive nuclei of the tripartite and bloody nerves, end on the first neurons. Functionally, the core is tied to the coordination of the movement of the movement in the process of life. The discovery of cortical entrances will prevent more damage during the process.

I'll leave a bunch of cores to store reticular nucleus... Large nuclei, roztashovani in the boundaries of a large brain, vikonuyut the role of the centers of such folding reflex acts, such as dichannya, sertsebittya, tone of sudin and іn. Special features reticular centers - weak differentiation, the visibility of clear between, a large number of inputs and projections to the small structures of the brain. stitch in central viddilakh big brain. In the middle of a doused brain, roztashovany It is very important for the center of health and blood circulation. To that, with a crappy brain, death can come.

Fig. 5. Projection of the cranial nerve nuclei onto the rhomboid fossa.

1 - the core of the okoruha nerve; 2 - the core of the block nerve; 3 - the core of the tricyclic nerve; 4 - sensitive core of the tricycle nerve; 5 - the mucosa nucleus of the ulcer-pharyngeal nerve; 6 - rukova nucleus of the blukyuyu nerve; 7 - the nucleus of the external nerve; 8 - the core of the facial nerve; 9 - the nucleus of the pre-datum nerve; 10, 11 - nuclei of the vestibular-cochlear nerve; 12 - sensitive nucleus of the bloating nerve; 13 - the sensitive nucleus of the ulcer-pharyngeal nerve; 14 - the nucleus of the pid'yazic nerve; 15,16,17 - lobes of the corns; 18 - face hump; 19 - brains

Bila Rechovina The large brain is fed into the main one later by nerve fibers. There are a lot of them є transit, so that the passage does not change. Descending fibers follow from the spinal cord. tse - thin and wedge-shaped beams, Having switched in the same cores, mold bulbo-thalamic і bulb-cerebellar restaurants. per lateral surface a little bit of a brain anterior and posterior spinal cord tracts... The first one is trivial in the place, the other, in the warehouse of the lower lobe of the cerebellum, enters the cerebellum. Medially transit dorsal-thalamic tract, Approvals with the fibers of the anterior and biches of the same tracts in the spinal cord. The decaying fibers are presented by bundles, which go from the small motor nuclei to the brain. Naybilshim є pіramіdny tract, Scho yde along the ventral surfaces of the dense brain, form its fiber lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts... Dorsal to pass reticulospinal path, And laterally - vestibular spinal... Near the dorsal surface of the dense brain to pass posterior and medial lateral bundles... Before they see them roztaschayutsya perichechno-spinal path... mediolateral pass red-nuclear-spinal path... In the big brain, the paths are formed, so that the sensitive nuclei ring with the centers of the brain, nuclear-thalamic and nuclear-cerebellar path... By the first to transmit General information from receptors in the head and receptors in internal organs. After the other - unaware proprioceptive impulses from the area of ​​the head. On the neurons of the cranial nuclei of the cranial nerves in the large brain, end fibers of the cortical-nuclear route.

Back brain.

back brain including the ventral retouching of the mest and the cerebellum, which is located behind the ny.

Fig. 1. Back brain.

Human brains - one of the most important organs, which is a healthy control and regulation of all processes in the organism's life. The Danish organ is seen as the most foldable budget, so as to be stored with no files (viddiliv), leather for a number of functions, such as a vison.

In the given statistics, one of such types is discernible - disasters, as well as visible basic functions.

Dovgastia brain is visible to deyakim progression of the spinal cord, which then passes into the brain. From the same time, the Danish form includes in itself the characteristics of the spinal cord, as well as the cob form of the brain.

Behind its shape, a cone was seen. Before this cone is given to the brain, it is roasted in the mountains. The handrail with the data of the opening of the Varoliev Mist (vgori), and at the bottom, the wine smoothly flows through the open hole into the spinal cord. The size of the viddil itself does not change 25 ml, and the structure is characterized by heterogeneity.

Bezposeredno in cybulin roztashovane sira rechovina, how to drain out with kernels. Highlands are referred to as surface furrows, which expand the surface. Before intercourse with the intermediate brain, in the right and left side, there is a lot of food. Dani of persuasion to make dovgastii viddil with the brain.

Dovgastia brain includes a number of cranial nerves:

• uzikopharyngeal;
• dodatkovy;
• bloody;
• pid'yazikovy;
• Part of the frontal-ultkovy nerve.

Soznіshnє i internal budov The big-brained people include a number of additional features. Apparently, the last part of the world will be covered with an epithelial smooth shell, as it is stored from special clients-satellites. Internal surface characterized by the manifestation of the great number of guide nobles.

Dovgastia moss grows on a number of separate surfaces:

• dorsal;
• ventral;
• 2 bichni.

The dorsal surface is located in the upper region, and then it is straightened in the middle of the skull. Cords are localized from the sides. On the dorsal surface, there is also a beard, yak and extend the surface into two parts.

The ventral surface of the large cerebral is rostered anteriorly to the last part, along the entire length of the brain. The surface is divided into 2 halves with a vertical slit in the middle, the yak is tied with a slit spinal cord... There are rollers on the sides, and there are 2 pimids with bundles of fibers, which connect the cerebral cortex with the cranial nuclei of the cranial nerves.

Reflexi i centri

Daniy has seen the brain as a guide for a great number of reflections. To them are admitted:

• Zakhisnі reflexes (chkhannya, geek, cough, blues, etc.);
• Sudden and heart reflexes;
• Reflex, to regulate the vestibular apparatus;
• Equivalent reflexes;
• Reflections, as a result of the ventilation of the legends;
• Reflexion of myazovogo tone, which leads to the adjustment of position (set reflex);

Also, in the most frequent form, such regulating centers are used:

• Center for the regulation of dreaming. Suggestions for the possibility of improving the necessary regulation and regulation of the structure of the line.
• The center of management of mental performance nerve cells;
• Sudinorukhovy center, which controls the robot and the court of the Sudin, as well as its indicators of interaction with the hypothalamus.

From the same time, it is possible to get up, as soon as the gasp brain has seen an unprecedented part in the processing of information, as to come from the receptors in the human organism. Also, take care of the part in the activity of the support-arm apparatus, as well as in the processes of the brain.

The brain wants to be divided into a few of its own appearances, skin types for the singular range of functions, however, it is all about one organ.

functions

Dovgastiy mozkovy viddil viconu a number of vital functions, and їkh navіt slightly ruinous to bring to heavy inheritance.

On the current day, there are 3 main groups of functions, such as a healthy brain. To them are admitted:

1. sensory

The group was given a group of respondents for face sensitivity on equal receptors, taste and auditory analysis.

The sensory function is to come up with an offensive rank: the little brain grows thick and then redirects the impulses to the little ones, so that it comes from the calls of the fancy (smells, tastes, etc.).

1. reflex

Fakhіvtsі add tsі funktsііy to a person with a strong brain on 2 types:

• first-rate;
• Other row.

Independently, for whatever type, there is a healthy function, it’s taking into account that information about the stimulus is transmitted along the nerve fibers, which will fall into the blackness of the brain during the year.

The range of autonomous reflexes is determined by the structure of the nuclei of the blukular nerve. The robot of all human organism, it is practical to re-transform itself into a kind of rok and secretory reaction of the singing organ. For example, with accelerated or trusting heart rhythm, To improve the secretion of internal halllosis (to increase sleepiness).

1. Providers

This function will be inherited from the fact that in the wide brain there is a localized number of top and bottom nobles. For their help, the area is given for the transmission of information in the minds of the mind.

visnovok

The growth and structure of the given type of change in the world of growing people. Otzhe, at only the folk child, Daniy was found to be the most common among the common people, not among the older people. Outside the form of a large brain, it is worth up to 7 rocks.

To give a bagatom vidomo, for the development of the sides of the people, and for the development of the right side tila control liva pivkulya, a to the left side- right. Itself in the large brain of the nerves, the fibers overlap, passing from the left side to the right and navpaki.

As it was already meant, in the big brain, the development of life is necessary for the life of the people of the center (heart-sudinny, dichny). From the same time, the failure of the given result, to find the most important, can lead to such inheritance:

• Zupinka dikhannya;
• Pinning robots of the heart-vascular system;
• Partly abnormal parallich.

Video

The lateral growth of the large brain is a real picture of the fallowness in the field, in which case it is carried out.

At the level of the lowermost part of the large brain, there is a lot of growth in the spinal cord and speech, which can be seen in the upper upper segments of the spinal cord. However, the suttavi are even more important in particular. The rear horns protrude up to the middle towards the edge of the opening, so that the fibers of the rear roots do not enter into them any longer. The extreme boundary of the posterior horns є here is the substantia gelatinosa, up to which the fibers of the decaying bundle of the tripartite nerve go up to the top. A group of nerve cells, rosted beads of the base of the anterior horn, and an ear of the cortex of the anterior nerve (XI). The growth of the spinal bundles has become the same as in the spinal cord. In the area of ​​the rear end, the nuclei of a thin і wedge-shaped bundle are visible. It is especially characteristic for the whole rіvnya of the crossing of the pyramid (decussatio pyramidum), which is seen on the anterior surface of the dense brain.

The size of the conduction on the rivni nucleus of the pid'yazic nerve, there is still little picture of the transverse overreaction of the spinal cord: the anterior horns are nemaє, the ichs are less likely to occupy a group of cells of the nuclei of the podatal and pid'yazic nerves; German and rear horns; surplus rear horn, Representations by cells of substantiae gelatinosae, protruding from large nuclei of a thin і wedge-shaped bundle. Tied with the taut nuclei of the strained bundles of the inner arcuate fibers - fibrae arcuatae internae - go over to the opposite side and in front of the central canal intersect with the same fibers on the side. Tse so the titles of the upper crossed, or the crossed loops, - decussatio lemniscorum. If the fibers are crossed, they fit the medial loop - lemniscus medialis.

On the transverse growth of the large brain on the rivn of the lower third of the rhomboid pit, the nucleus of the glovo-pharyngeal and bloody nerves is seen: nucleus dorsalis, nucleus ambiguus, nucleus tr. solitarii, nucleus salivatorius inferior (n. IX).

In the upper part of the large brain, the de-rhomboid fossa is set in the biches, the pedunculi of the bellares inferiores (rope of the body) can be seen on the surface, which occupy the lateral periphery of the growth, as well as the nucleus n. vestibulocochlearis. According to the middle line of the full-grown brain, along the entire line of his brain, there is an intersection of the various fiber systems. Tse misce is called a seam - raphe.

Providnі paths to the large brain є to the continuation of the lines described in the spinal cord.

The nuclei of the cranial nerves are located in the dorsal view of the dorsal brain, the sensitive guides are in the middle version, and in the very ventral view.