Dovgastiy mozok take revenge. Prodigal brain

The brain of a man is one of the most important organs, which regulates all aspects of the organism's life. People’s body can be fed more quickly - it’s stored away from deserted children, the skin has such a visual function, such as a viconu. Let us talk about one of them - the dovgastomuzka of people and all of its functions will be discussed.

Dovgastim brains of people call the one who has found the brain of the brain, which is one of the brain and spinal cord and the viconu lifeless life and important functions. Mi dikhaєmo, our heart is pratsyuє, mi can chhati, or cough, we accept those chi іnе thаt thіl, absolutely not forget about it, but for the sake of all those who were rewarded and who didn’t think they didn’t come to mind.

Primitively, it is similar to tsibulin for the last period of time. Yogo dovzhina at the height of the people is approximately 2 - 3 centimeters. Wines are stored from the blue and the blue speech. budova dovzhastogo brain even similar to Budova spinal cord, Ale є kіlka suttєvih vіdmіnnosti. For example, the word was found on the surface, and the sere was found in the middle in small purchases, as the cores were set up. The posterior surface of the large brain has two cords, such as the extension of the spinal cord. In such a rank, budov to the brain is much more foldable, lower to the spinal cord.

It’s better to report to the budov’s big brain.

Yak was already talking, by zovnishnim viglyadom qiu dilyanka is even more similar to tsibulin. On the front surface of the road, the path from the middle slit is located along the paths of the same rocking impulses, which are often called "pyramid" (the stench is stored along the pathway). The order for them to be found Olivie, which is stored in:

• pіdkіrkovy nucleus іvnovagi;
• roots of the pid'yazikovaya nerve, which are straightened to the m'yazikov;
• nerve fibers;
• syroi speech, I will fix the core.

At the skin nucleus there is an olivomocerebellar tract, which creates a free gate. Krym, in the warehouse of a large brain є the front bichna is boroznaya, yak razdіlya Olivia and pіramіdi mіzh.

Not far from Olivi there are:

• fibers of the ovarian nerve;
• fibers of the bloating nerve;
• dodatkovy nerve fibers.

There are two types of bundles behind the big brain:

• the guy is thin;
• wedge-shaped.

There are two types of bundles in the extension of the spinal cord.

Presentation: "Brain"

Zavdannya dovgasty mozu

A delinka was given to the brain є by a guide for impulsive reflexes. tse:

• Zakhisnі (cough, tearing, bluing and іnshі).
• Reflexion from the side of the Sudin and the Heart.
• Reflexes, which lead to the regulation of the vestibular apparatus (even the vestibular nucleus is located in the new one).
• Reflex systems and etching.
• Reflexes, which lead to the ventilation of the legends.
• Reflexion to the tone of the muses, which are indicative of the attitudes of the people (they are also called the setting).

In this particular case, the following are the centers of regulation:

• The Center for the Regulation of Slinking, which is responsible for any old people who can make a deal and regulate the warehouse for slips.
• The center of management of the function of dichotomy, in any given day of chemistry toddlers, the development of neurons is to be found.
• Sudinorukhovy center, which controls the tone of the sudin and practically spilo with the hypothalamus.

In such a rank, mi bacimo, what a lot of the brain will take care of in the process of incoming tributes, that it will come from the receptors of the human body. Krim tsyogo win take part in management ruinous apparatusі mindful processes. The brain wants to go to the dylyanki, the skin looks like a set of functions, all of it is a single organ.

Presentation: "Brain, yogo budova and functions"

Functions of a full-bodied brain

The functions of the society of life are very important for the human body, and if it is destructive, it is very insignificant, leading to serious inheritances.

Daniy viddil viconu new functions:

• sensory;
• functions of provision;
• reflex functions.

sensory functions

In this case, it was considered for the sensitivity of the individual to the same receptors, for the analysis of savoring and hearing the messages, as well as for the reception of vestibular stimuli in the body.

What rank is given the function?

Dana dilyanka was built and guided in the direction of the impulses, as it came from the calls of the day (sounds, tastes, smells and іnshі).

functions of provision

Yak, it seems, it is in a very common place that there are helpless old and low nobles. The staff members themselves, I have given the building to transmit information in the іnshі part of the brain.

reflex functions

Reflex functions are of two types:

• life is necessary;
• other row.

Regardless of the type, the data of the reflex function is due to the fact that the stimulus is transmitted along the nerve throats and is consumed in the form of a reaction, which is analyzed and analyzed.

Such mechanisms, such as smudging, juggling and kovtannya, occur during the processing of information, which is transmitted through the meat fibers. The reflex of the position is the beginning of the processing of information about the position of the tulub. Static and statokinetic mechanisms regulate and correctly increase the tone of the drug groups.

Autonomous reflexes to recover from the buds of the nuclei of the bloating nerve. The robot's entire organism as a whole is transformed into a general response and secretory reaction of that organ.

For example, to get quicker or to adapt to the robot's heart, to accommodate the secretion of internal hallux, to improve sleepiness.

Tsіkavі facts about the dovgastoy vіddіlі

Rise and Budova given to me for a change. So, for new-born children, the increase is significantly higher in terms of maturity to the first, lower in older children. As a result, the Danes were distributed to form up to seven rockets.

You know melodiously that the small sides of the human body are controlled by the small brain drinks and ruling sideways liva part is controlled, and liva is right. For the crossing of the nerve fibers, the same didvgasti was seen.

The school of the old lady and her inheritance. Tastes of destruction in this form, to reach the seriousness, even to a fatal result, even in the new center, so that control over the work of the heart-and-heart mental systems... In addition, the most insignificant problems can lead to paralysis.

Dovgastia brain є part of the brain stovbur. Having renamed its name in conjunction with features Anatomical Budovi(Fig. 16). Retouching in the posterior cranial fossa.

Small . 23. Scheme of the dorsal surface of the dorsal brain:

1 - middle back bordered; 2 - hind bichna beard; 3 - the rear area is furrowed; 4 - a thin Gaulle beam; 5 - wedge-shaped bundle of Burdakh; 6 - a hump of a thin core; 7 - hump of the wedge-like core; 8 - lower lobe of the corn; 9 - diamond-shaped fossa

Above, there is a dovgastia moss between the varolyevim bridge; from the bottom, without a clear line, pass into the spinal cord through the great potilic opening. The posterior surface of the deep brain, at the same time with the bridge, becomes the bottom of the IV lug. Dovzhin's big brain is 8 cm, diameter - up to 1.5 cm.

Dovgastiy brain folds into nuclei cranial nerves, As well as outbound and outbound service systems. We emphasize the importance of the large brain є the reticular substance, or the reticular formation. By the nuclear devices of the dovgasty brain є: 1) Olivie, which may be up to extra systems(The stench is tied with a corn); 2) Gaulle and Burdakh kernels. in some kind of rosetting of other neurons of pro-pro-receptive (suglobovo-myazovoi) sensitivity; 3) the nuclei of the cranial nerves: pid'yazic (XII pair), predatkovy (XI pair), bloody (X pair), yazi-claw (IX pair), decay part of one sensitive nuclei trivial nerve(yogo head part rostashovana in the bridge).

In a very large brain, pass the conductive paths: low and high, how the brain is ringing with the spinal cord, the upper part of the brain, the striopallidal system, the cortex great pіvkul, Reticular form, limbic system.

Providnі paths to the big brain є to further paths to the spinal cord. In front of the roztashovuyutsya fix the crossing of the road. There is a large part of the fibers of the paramedic path to overlap and pass into the spinal cord. Mensch, uncrossed, part to pass into the anterior spinal cord. Kintsevoyu station of full-blown powerful impulses, going along the pyramidal path, є the front horns of the spinal cord. At the middle part of the large brain, there is a proprioceptive sensitive way from the nuclei of Gaul and Burdakh; the way to cross over to the opposite side. From these to pass the fibers of the surface sensitivity (temperature, pain).

The order of the sensitive paths and paths through the brain is to pass the declining current paths of the extrapiracy system.

On the edge of a large brain in the storehouse of the lower brain, the lower brain passes the lower path to the corn. Among them, the main place is occupied by the spinal cord, olive-cerebellar path, bichny fibers from the nuclei of Goll and Burdakh to the cornsus, fibers from the nuclei of the reticular formation to the cornsus (reticul Jarno-cerebellar path). There are two spine-cerebellar paths. One goes up to the corns through the lower ligaments, the other - through the upper ligaments.

In an old brain, the following centers grow: regulate the heart’s dullness, the dicky’s hearty dish, which’s the heart’s dullness (the system of the bloating nerve), so that it’s the dullness, the dullness of the dullness shlunkovo-intestinal tract, Tobto centri, scho regulate the activity herbal organs... Sudden - rukhovy center is located in the center of increased tone.

Є With a part of the brain, the brain takes care of the fate of the healthy simple and folding reflex acts. In vikonnі these acts take the part of the same reticular formation of the stovbur to the brain, the system of nuclei in the dense brain (bloody, glovo-pharyngeal, vestibular, threefold), decay and visceral conductors of the system and in the dense brain.

It is important for a dovhasty brain to have a role in the regulation of energy, heart-vascular activity, as it breaks down as nerve-reflex impulses, as well as cheeky teasers, which is poured into the center.

dichny center I will preserve the regulation of the rhythm and the frequency of the response. Through the peripheral, spinal center, the force of the sinus forces the impulses without the middle to the spinal muscles breast cancer up to diaphragms. Docentric impulses have their own chargers, so they can go to the dichal center for dyshalal muses, receptors, and dikhalnyh nobles, Adopt its rhythmic activity, as well as the activity of the reticular formation. The dichny center is closely related to the heart-vascular center. A whole lot of connections are manifested in the rhythmic confidence of the heart in the vidych, before the ear of the breath - the phenomenon of physiological dichal arrhythmia.

Rivnі dovgastogo brain roztashovuatsya vasomotor center, how to regulate the sound and enlargement of the vessel. Sudden-horned and gallowy heart of the center of interconnection from a network-like format.

The nuclei of a deep brain take a part in the unhealthy folding reflex acts (smacking, juvenile, kovtannya, bluing, chkhannya, morganna) In connection with the importance of cyclic functions of the system of the bloody, glovo-pharyngeal, pod'yazic and three-frequency nerves develop at the earliest stages of ontogenesis. To navigate with anencephaly (children who live without measles of the great pіvkul) become active, juvenile, kovtannya. Preservation of cich act_v zabezpechu vizhivannya cich children.

Being a warehouse part of the stovbur, they are spread on the cordons of the spinal cord and the bridge, and the brain is purchased for the purchase of vital centers in the body. The given anatomical statement includes in itself the presentation of the rollers, which are called pyramids.

Qia's name appeared for a reason. The form of pіramіd is perfect, є a symbol of vіchnostі. Pіramіdi maє dovzhinu is not more than 3 cm, albeit in the cich of anatomical statements, our life is zoomed. From the sides are from the back rosettes, and also called the rear ends.

Tse zooseredzhennya provincial nobles - sensitive from the periphery to measles to the brain, from the center to the hands, nig, internal organs.

Providnі pіramіd include rukhovі portsії nerіv, which often overlap.

Crossed fibers are called lateral parasites. Rasht fiber at the front road viewer does not lie well on its own boat. On the upper spinal segments of the spinal cord, neurons can also go to the contralateral side. Tse will explain the verdict of ruffles on the other side of the pathological war.

Pyramidi є deprived of the saviors, t. K. Vony is necessary for upright walking, and food nervousness... The directors of the visibility of lyudin's vicarious commands, as they feel, are aware of the target, the building of a collection of other rucks in the combination of rukhovi navichka.

In the large brain, there are 3 sensitive nuclei - thin, wedge-shaped і і і і і і і і tіparticular nerve. The first two nuclei will give rise to proprioceptive sensitivity. The function of proprioceptive control of the position of the body in space.

In all internal organs, muscles, joints, receptors, which send signals to the brain about the position of the body in the open space, the blood filling of the organs, the signaling and the development of the signals. To the big brain, the signal goes on its side, and the visce of the thin, wedge-shaped nuclei of Gaul and Burdakh is crossed, going to the opposite side.

In order to do so, make sure that the person is suffering and sensitive, and who is sick to ask to close his eyes. Then bend, bend your finger on the nose or the hand. The patient is guilty to name it, with a bright finger and not to play.

The sensitive spinal nucleus of the tripartite nerve reveals the fibers of only two gilts of the tripartite nerve - green and upper slit. The mandibular throat can only be stored in its own fiber. Qi knowledge to help with differential diagnostics over nuclear and nuclear battle.

Life is important

Dovgastiy mozok to revenge the center of action, coughing, coughing, heart-vascular activity and those important for the life of the anatomical organism.

From the mental center of the information, it will enter the spinal cord, and that will give the dysfunctional muscles with ruffs. Tse allows you to create rhythmically the act of dichannya. The process, like a vison, a cherguvannya vidihu, vidihu is controlled in a large brain. And it is regulated by pulses, as they come from the interoreceptors of the leg tissue, pleurisy, aorta, intercostal mucosa, dichal noses, receptor apparatus of the shkiri, mucus.

For example, at low temperatures in the middle of the middle, the thermoreceptors of the shkiri will send a signal to the brain, and that will not arterial vise, Osyagu vidihu, change the frequency of dyhal rukhiv.

Qia sukupn_st of regulating infusions on the heart-vascular dichal dіyalnіst get sick with the spinal cord, diaphragmatic, intercostal nerves, shkіroy, mucous membranes. Dovgastia brain, cerebral cortex, readable information from the periphery, regulate the activity of the judicial and important life centers.

The fate of a large brain in vegetative energy

Dovgasty mozok is responsible for the function of control over the lobes of the internal and external secretions for the manifestation in the new nuclei of sleepiness, vagus, regulators of etching, chewing, immunity, heart-vascular disease.

The vegetative part of the large brain is tightly linked with the hypothalamus and thus take the fate of the formulated, feeling hunger, sprague, and control of appetite.

Budova and the function of a full-bodied brain will explain such a phenomenon as sleepiness in the case of eating cheeky words in an empty company, with a look and the smell of grease.

Vidіlennya slini with viglyadі їzhі - tse mental reflex, Which is formed on the basis of living admonition on the basis of an innate reflex.

Mechano, thermo-, temperature and other types of receptors collect information from the internal organs, the intestinal tract. Part of the information to go to the brain, to obey the secretion shlunk juice, Zhovchividlennya, necessary for successful etching.

The child of the impulses is directed into the brainwave, which controls the etching. Organizm will take over the team, how to get used to it for the reception, and how to get used to it.

Nuclear Budova Dovgasty Mozu

for short description and knowledge of the symptoms, which develop during pathological processes in the posterior cranial fossa, is necessary to determine the level of judgment. Dovgastia brain has a specific function for budding, enhancing the growth of nuclei 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 pairs of nerves.

The nucleus of the tricycle nerve is manifested by damage to the pain, temperature types of sensitivity. Seeing a light dot is not awful at all. Tse nibilsh is characteristic of syringomyelia.

With a nuclear lesion of the vestibulocochlear nerve, there is a problem with nasty, nistagmus, and spinal turn of the eyes towards the opposite side of the head.

The oxyopharyngeal and bloating nerves muzzle the nucleus retina. The functional standard of these cranial nerves is to be revised at once. Stink nervuyut larynx throat, back third move, internal organizations black and chest empty, migdalini, organ hearing, hard cerebral sheath, heart.

Dovgastiy brain regulates life and is important to the function of organism, so there is a twofold increase in the number of nerves in the midst of the lazy ones, because bulbar syndrome develops.

The remainder is characterized by the ruin of kovtannya, voices, dikhannya, and the dislocation of heart-and-judgmental dyyalnosti. The situation is given to develop with puffins, sick amiotrophic sclerosis, pseudo-rage, poliomyelitis, diphtheria.

With strokes, pseudobulbar paralysis develops, such as a limb of the indicated symptomatology, manifested by violent emotional reactions in vigilance, or crying, the appearance of pathological symptoms of mental illness, mental retardation.

Knowing the growth of the nuclei in the large brain, you can clearly see the sound at the same level of battle.

Nerves are hungry on the side of the pathological process, and on the other side, sensitiveness, rukhovy functions will break down. The phenomenon is surrounded by the cross of rukhovy and sensitive nobles on the rivni piramids. As a rule, such is the symptomatology of the diagnosis in case of a forehead pathology in the system of sleepy, spinal, spinal arteries.

Dovgastiy mozok for its budovy and functions is similar to the spinal cord, with a clear lower border. In the large brain, there is a nucleus of the blistering nerve, which is the innermost heart and inner organ.

The function of the large brain is also like that of the spinal one - reflexive and conduction.

Functions of a full-bodied brain

Zakhisnі reflexes (for example, cough, channya).

Life is important reflexes (for example, dikhannya).

Regulation of the court tone.

Regulation of the mental system

Reflex center of a large brain:

etching

heart activity

zahisna (cough, changnya tosho)

center of regulation of tone skeletal cells for a pidtrimka posi people.

shortening or podovzhenya hour of the spinal reflex

5 Budova and the functions of the bridge to the brain and the brain

The place can be stored from the syroi and bіloi speech. Sira speech is represented by three cores. They have a center, tied with a ruff real apples, Mіmіkoyu. nerves the way, how to become the main mass of the white speech of the bridge, to tie the spinal cord and the spinal cord with the other branches of the brain. Through the place to pass into the cortex of rumors, a path.

The cerebellum is a tse structure, which is located above the dovgastim brain and bridge, behind the great brainwaves... In the new, I see the middle part (worm) and two pivcles. The worm of dressings is in the main spinal cord and vestibular apparatus, so as in the main one can recognize information from the tongue and lobular receptors, such as healthy and auditory analyzer, as well as the great. From the cornsus to the axon to the neurons of the vestibular nuclei of the stovbur and the reticular formation. From them, travel routes to the spinal cord and the nucleus of the middle brain, thalamus, motor racks of the great measles.

The lobe takes care of the role in the regulation of the muscular tone, the position and the equilibrium, the coordination of the position and the vicarious preschool rush, as well as in the program of the rivnovanny ruku. At the mozochka, it is possible to use the programs of folding rukhovikhs (for example, riding bicycles, swimming). In the corns, the regulation of vegetative functions is established with the help of attaching for the protection of rucous acts. The lobe also takes care of its part in the regulation of autonomic functions.

6 Budova and middle brain functions

The middle brain adapts to the tone of the muscles, as a result of the alert, watchdogs and defense reflexes on the health and sound of the mockers. middle brain to build up from the brain and the quadruple. At the new one there are the upper and lower humps of the quadruple, the red nucleus, the black substance, the nucleus of the okorukhovy and block nerves, the reticular formation.

At the upper and lower hillocks of the quadruple, the most simple reflexes are frozen, and they come together (collapse vuh, eyes, turn towards the teaser). In the nuclei of the quadruple, the guardian reflex, which will prevent the reaction of the organism to the action of an unsupported adversary, is stalled. For the participation of the front humps of the quadruple, try to react to the raptor svitlovy podrazniki. Back humps, sound orintevny reflexes - turn of the vuh, head, tuluba on non-conforming sound. An important special feature of the sentinel reflex є overgrowth of the meat tone.

Chorna substance takes care of the fate of the folding coordination of the ruffs of the fingers, the acts of the work and the juggling, the regulation of the precise direction of the rucks (leaf, sheet), as well as the narrow-minded acts of the work of the ruchs.

The chervone nucleus will eliminate the colateral from the pyramidal neurons of the measles of the great ponds, the pyocytic nuclei and the cornsus and the axon will force the axon along the lower rubricular tract in the motoneurons of the spinal cord, healthy for the coordination of the lasting tonus of myaziv-zginachiv).

Ticket 7. Budova and functions of the brain.

a) thalamic area (area of ​​healthy humps).

b) hypothalamus (pedthalamic region).

c) the third slunk.

The industrial brain grows away from the corns and the crypts, growing from the sides with the infusions of the great brain.

thalamus - tse the guy who bought the blue speech, cover it with a ball of white speech, which has an egg-like shape, roasted on the sides of the third lug.

There are cores at the syrіy speech thalamus: anterior, lateral and medial. At the lateral nuclei, there is a shuffle of all sensitive nobles, right up to the measles of the great ones - in fact, a subcortical sensitive center.

metathalamus representations with medial and lateral bell-shaped bodies, with the lower handles of the humps with the upper and lower humps of the dahu plate. They have nuclei, which are reflex centers for vision and hearing.

lateral the geniculate body at the same time with the upper humps of the middle brain є the middle center of the zoru.

medially The geniculate body and the lower humps of the middle brain establish the subcortical center of hearing.

epithalamus common pineal tilo (epiphiz), advances on two appearances at the dahu plate lost between the upper humps. The front views of the appendages in front of the entrance to the epiphys set up the adhesion of the appendages. In the front and at the bottom of the epiphysis, there is a bundle of transversely blowing fibers - epithalamic adhesions. Between the adhesion of the appearances and the epithalamic adhesion of the base of the epiphysis, there is a small depression - pineal loss.

hypothalamus- fixing the lower ends of the brain, the bottom of the third lug.

Anatomically, it is represented by the platyvkoy of syroi speech, which whistles the part of the pivkul. The folded structure is surrounded by a great number of zivins, which are divided by borozymes. At the same time, a large part of measles is grown in the glybin of borozen, and the mensha is on the surface. In the first place, they are growing up (call) and internal surface, And also on delivery. On the called surface of the tim'yan, a small part is seen from the frontal behind the additional, tedious "Roland" furrow. Bottom of it, the "Sylvieva" grows boring, for the help of which one seeks from the front and the moment. Tim'yano-potilichna borozna v_dokremlyu potilichnu part.

The microscopic structure of measles includes a number of fibrous and cellular balls and is carried up to the six-ball type of budovi.

At the same time, start the onset of the ball:

Zovnishn_y granular;

Internal granular;

molecular;

Polymorphic cells;

Great Pіramіdalnye clіtin;

Medium and small perennial cells.

Budova and the inheritance of yogo striking

The yogi is close to twenty-eight millimeters, and the width, step-by-step, is reaching twenty millimeters. Dovgastia brain is prodovzhu in the cranial empty space behind the help of the central spinal canal. At this speech, there is a presence of some kind of syllabus of speech, which fixes the nuclei of the nerves of the skull. In light, take on the fate of the fiber of the provincial gentry. Dovgastia brain reveals the nucleus, which are located in the cores of the important craniocerebral pidyazikovy, izikopharyngeal, dodatkovy). In addition, the nuclei take part in such reflex processes, such as zhuvannya, kovtannya, smoktannya, channya, blues and the addition of herbal juice. The formation of nuclei in humans is formed in the period of development in the middle of the womb. Dovgastia brain of a new-born (at once with the bridge) ma wagu is about eight grams. Dozrivannya is trivial in the middle to seven rockies.

For passing through the dovgastoy mozok paths, docentrov and vidcentrovimpulses are conducted. One of the most important nobles will enter into the feast day. There is a single motor area in the cerebral cortex and in the cells of the anterior spinal horns. On the cordon of the back and Dovgastogo viddiliv spostering cross-baptism in the pedestrian paths. I will explain functional breakdown robots to quietly chi іnіh dіlyаnki of the brain at їх pozkogennі. So, for example, the fight in the pyramidal bundle is crossed by the wiklikє hemiplegia on the opposite side of the side of the body. With a one-hour lesion of the cranial nerves, the functional degradation occurs on the same side of the body.

"Cerebellopontine kut" get the function... Roztashovuyuchis in the posterior fossa of the skull, in the middle of the bridge, the lobe and the deep brain. When poohlin is found in the whole community, the closest dairy products will be welcomed.

In a very big brain, it’s necessary to have a life-saving center, so we have a special meaning in the central nervous systems... There is a heart-and-heart and a dyhal center here. The very same reason (navіt insignificant) and it is more visible to bring a big brain to death heart-vascular system.

The schooling of the paramount way can lead to the richest heritage. All lie down in the range of injuries for an hour, which past the moment of adoption. In bagatioh vipadkah, there is a lot of wickedness among people, an important parallel with a stretch of one or two.