Parotid slyna is a histology preparation. chapter ii

Lecture 19: Slinky zalozi.

1. Zagalna characteristic... Functions.

2. Privushna slynn zalosa.

3. The slinky hair is perfect.

4. Pid'yazikova slynna zaliza.

1. Zagalny characteristic. Functions.

over the top mouthwash gradually become a secret of slug vines (SJ). There is a great number of silky vines. Razr_znyayut other and great salivating... Drobnі slynnі zolozi є in the lips, in the clear, in the cheeks, in the hard and soft palate, in your movi. Before the great sleek zalozov, the privushny, pіdzhelepnі and pіd'yazikov SZh are carried. Dry SF lie in mucous or mucous membranes, and large SF - behind the boundaries of the membranes. All SJ in the membrane period are developed from the mouth emptying and mesenchyme. The internal type of regeneration is characteristic of the SJ.

SJ functions:

1. Exocrine function - seeing a slug, which is necessary for:

Polegsus articulation;

Formation of grub breasts and yogh prokovtuvannya;

Cleansing of the mouth emptying from the food surplus;

To pick up microorganisms (lysozyme);

2. Endocrine function:

Vibrations in small amounts of insulin, parotin, factors in the growth of food and nerves, a factor of lethality.

3. Ear of enzymatic processing of їzhі (amylase, maltase, pepsinogen, nuclease).

4. Vidіlna funktsіya (sečovaya acid, creatinine, iodine).

5. Participation in water-salt exchange (1.0-1.5 l / s).

Bilsh reporting on the great SJ. All great SJs are developed from the mouth emptying, behind all the folds (vivid duct is strongly depleted. In the great SJs, cytsevic (secretory) viddil and vivid ducts are developed).

2. Privushnі slynnі zalozi.

Privushni SZh - folding alveolar bilkovaya zaliza. Kintsev іddіli behind Budova alveoli, behind the nature of the secret of bіlkovі, is formed from serocytes (bіlkovy clіtin). Serocyti - cells of the end form, with basophilic cytoplasm. Acidophilic secretory granules should be placed in the apical part. The cytoplasm has a good turn of granular NPS, PC and mitochondria. In the alveoli, named from the serocytes (like a different ball), myepithelial cells grow. Myepithelial cells may grow out of part or an elliptical form, hunt in growths the secretory viddil, in the cytoplasm to reveal fast cells. In case of fast myoepithelial cells, they take the secretion from the endocrine vein into the vivid ducts. Vivid ducts are repaired by intercalated ducts - in vitro with low-cubic epithelial cells with basophilic cytoplasm; Inserted ducts are trivial in the swarthy viddili. The swarthy looks like one-ball prismatic epithelium from the basal darkness, the zoomed appearance of the cytolemmic folds in the basal part of the cells and lie in the folds of the mitochondria. Microvilli appear on the apical surface of the epithelial cells. The swarthy people have seen their calls and they are also hunted by myepiteliocentes. The dark-skinned people see the reabsorption of water from the sludge (thickened sludge) and the balance behind the salt warehouse, in addition to that endocrine function is attributed to it. The swarthy viddili are angry trivayut in the interlobular ducts, in the case of 2-row epithelium, which go into 2-ball. The interlobular ducts flow into the lateral vivid duct, whispered by the flat, flat, non-keratinized epithelium. The parotid SJ is covered with a semi-tissue capsule, the interlobular septum is kindly turned, so that the lobularity is indicated to the organ. At the top of the pedigree and pedigree SJ in the near SJ in the middle of a small part of the RVST projectile turns rotten.

3. The slinky hair is perfect.

Pidschelepna SJ - behind the bud, the alveolar-tubular fold is folded, behind the nature of the secret of the change, so that the mucous-bilkovy (with the overload of the white component) zaliza. There are a lot of secretory views on the basis of alveolar diseases, and for the nature of the secret of the big ones, there is a number of secretory views on the basis of the budgetary views of the prenatal SJ (divine Vishche). There is less number of secretory types of changes - alveolar-tubular parts behind budova, mucous-bilkovy behind the nature of the secret. At the smallest dumplings in the center of the center, there are great lights (filthy sprinkle of barvniks) mukocyti. The stench is soaked in viglyadi pivmyatsya other basophilic serocytamis (bilkovi pivmysyatsi Juanitsi). Kіntsevі vіddіl calls otochenі mіoepіtelіoсіtamі. At the podschelepnoy SJ from the vivid ducts, the inserted ducts are short, nasty bends, and at the other ones I may go to the buds from the priushnoy SJ.

The stroma is represented by a capsule and comes out of it with fabric partitions and bullets of fluffy fibrous SDT. In porous with pre-mucous SJ, the interlobular septum is a lesser bend (lobularity is weakly rotated). The rest of the middle part is more beautiful than the bends of the RVST projectile.

4. Pid'yazikova slynna zaliza.

Pid'yazikova SZh - behind the bud is folded alveolar-tubular, behind the nature of the secret of the mucus (mucous-bilkov), the zaliza is in the secret of the mucous component. In pіd'yazikovoї zalozі zustrіchayutsya in nevelikіy kіlkostі purely bіlkovі alveolyarnі kіntsevі vіddіli (div. Opis in privushnoї SJ) Quantity-valued zmіshanih muco-bіlkovih kіntsevih vіddіlіv (inventory div. In pіdschelepnoї SJ) i purely mucous secretory vіddіlіv mayutsya form tubules i z skladayutsya mucocytes from myepiteliocytamі. The peculiarities of the interstitial ducts of the pid'yazicovaya SZ should mean a weak turn of the intercalary ducts and the swarthy viddiliv.

For pid'yazikovaya SJ also as and pidglapnoy, lobularity and a good pivot of the RVST projectile in the middle of the parcels are characterized by a weak turn.

Lecture 20: Dichny system.

1. Zagalna morphofunctional characteristic dichotomous systems.

2. Evolution of the dichal system.

3. Embryonic dzherela, the establishment and development of the mental system.

4. Vіkovі changes in mental system.

5. Gistologicheskie budova dikhalnoy systems.

1. Signal morphofunctional characteristic of the dichal system.

The dichny system of viconuє offensive functions:

1. Gas exchange (souring blood, souring in carbon dioxide).

2. Participation in the water-salt exchange (bet on the vidihuvannyy povіtri).

3. Vidіlna funktsіya (in the main volatile speech, for example, alcohol).

4. Depot of blood (a great number of Sudins).

5. Vibrating factors in the regulation of the laryngeal blood (heparin and thromboplastin).

6. Participation in the exchange of fat (burning fat from the heat of the seen heat for the preparation of blood).

7. Share in scent.

2. Evolution of the dichal system.

Evolution of the legendary dichannya. The appearance of the legendary dikhannya in the Evolution gatherings is tied with the entry of the creatures from the water center to the land. In the finch ribs, the water is continuously passed through the finch chilines, and the water is passed through the finches and the shelter.

a) for the first time, the dichotomy is in the amphibians - and moreover, they have parallel іnu and і legeneva dichanna and dichanna shkіri. The lungs of amphibians are of the type 2 saccular vipinnyas, as they appear slightly in the middle of the larynx, so the trachea is even short;

b) in reptiles crazy bears divided by partitions into slices and may lip part, Greater turns of the turnover;

c) in birds - the bronchial tree is strongly rounded, lightly distributed on the segment. In ptahs є 5 worms, there are reserve reservoirs of inhaled mite;

d) at ssavtsіv it is meant a further increase dikhalnyh nobles, Increased number of alveoli. Krim segments in the legends are parts, the diaphragm appears.

3. Embryonic dzherela, the establishment and development of the mental system.

Dzherela, the establishment of that development of the mental system. The development of the dichotomous system is to be repaired at the 3rd stage of the diabetic development. On the ventral stance of the anterior end of the 1st intestine (the middle is the material of the prechordal plate, the middle ball is the mesenchyme, the last is the visceral leaf of the splanchnotome), it is assumed to be a viper. The process of growth grows in parallel with the first intestine, because of the loss of time, it starts dichotomously growing. The material of the prechordal plate is set up: the epithelium of the respiratory part and the wanderings, the epithelium of the worms; from navkolishny mesenchіmi set up with semi-tissue elements and smooth m'yazіv; from the visceral sheets of the splanchnotome - the visceral sheet of the pleura.

4. Vіkovі changes in the mental system.

Until the time of the population, there are a number of parcels, segments in the main view of the number of cichs adopted by the grown-ups. Before the populace, the alveoli of the legends were buried in the sleeping camps, whispered with cubic or low-prismatic epithels (tobto stinka tovsta), filled with a fabric family with a house of amniotic birth. At the first inhalation, or the cry of a child, when the alveoli are populated, the alveoli are straightened out, the alveoli are stretched out, and the alveoli become flat. In a stillborn baby, the alveoli will be poured into the sleeping stans, under the microscope of the epithelium of the Legendary alveoli, cubic or low-prismatic (like throwing a piece of Legs into the water - the stench will sink).

The further development of the dichotomous system is due to the increase in the number of alveoli and the elongation of the air-conducting paths. Comparison of the lungs up to 8 years will increase by comparison with the new population 8 times, up to 12 years - 10 times. From the 12th century, the lungs are close to those of the grown-ups, the most common development of the dichotomous system, up to 20-24 rubles.

Pislya 70 rocky in the diversified system is defined by innovation:

To groan a drink and to vaunt; basal membrane of the air-conducting nozzles;

Close the air-conducting nobles to fix the atrophy, the secret is to thicken;

There is a change in the number of smooth cells in the walls of air-conducting nozzles;

The cartilages of the old-fashioned wines;

The walls of the alveoli groan;

Reduce the elasticity of the alveolar walls;

Atrophy and sclerosing of the respiratory bronchioles.

5. Gistologicheskie budova dikhalnoy systems.

The dysfunctional system is stored from air-conducting (reversible) nozzles and respiratory air.

Air-conducting ways include: sinuses), Nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi (large, medium and small), bronchioles (end with terminal abdominal bronchial tubes).

The nasal emptying is whitened by a bagatore-eating migratory feed, after the insertion of the loose plastic of the mucous membrane from the fluffy fibrous with good fabrics There are a large number of elastic fibers, and there is a strong swelling of blood-bearing vasodenum and kintsevі vіddі or mucous vines. Sudden gossip will prevent you from going through the meal. The detectives on the nasal conchas of the smelling food (div. Lektsiyu "Organi pochuttіv") welcome smell reception.

The larynx and the trachea may go down to the bud. It consists of 3 membranes - mucus, fibrocartilaginous and adventitious.

I. The mucous membrane includes:

1. Bagatoreadny migotliviyepiteliy (vinyatok - voices ’sounds, there is a large-ball flat nezrogoviliy epitheliy).

2. Vlasna mucous plate - from the fluffy fibrous tissue, to avenge the mucous-bilkovy zalozi. In the trachea, it has a dodatkovo pidliza basis with fluffy fibrous tissue and with mucous-bilkovy vines.

II. Fibrocartilaginous sheath - in the larynx: thyroid and ring-like cartilage from hyaline cartilage, wedge-shaped and cartilaginous cartilage from elastic cartilage; in the trachea: unclosed cartilage rings from hyaline cartilage. The cartilage is covered with a fibrous ball with a small unformed fibrous tissue.

III. Adventittsialnaya sheath - from the fluffy fibrous tissue and from the vessels and nerve fibers.

The bronchi behind the caliber and the peculiarities of the histological budovy are divided into large, middle and other bronchi.

Functions of air-conducting paths:

Carrying out (regulation!)

Conditioning of food (cleaning, cleaning and cleaning);

Zakhisna (lymphoid tissue, bactericidal power to slime);

Recipe for smells.

Respiratory symptoms include respiratory bronchioles I, II and III order, alveolar walking, alveolar beetles and alveoli. Respiratory bronchial tubes appear in cubic epithelium, and the shells become groaned, become clogged with myocytes, along the way, the alveoli may have grown rapidly. In the alveolar passages, the stone grows more and more, myocytes become aware, and the number of alveoli grows. In the alveolar bears, the stink is deposited essentially from the alveoli. The combination of one respiratory bronchiole is called ACINUS, which is a morpho-functional unit of respiratory evidence. Gas exchange in the asynutsyde through the walls of the alveoli.

Ultrastructure of the alveoli. The alveoli is plump with a diameter of 120-140 microns. Internal surface the alveoli are covered with cells of 3 types:

1. Respiratory epithelial cells (type I) - sharply flattened polygonal cells (thickness of cytoplasms in non-nuclear cells 0.2 microns, in the nuclear part - up to 6 microns). There are microvilli on the surface of the surface, so that the working surface can be increased. Functions: through the thin cytoplasm of the cytoplasm, the gas exchange.

2. Great (secretory) epitheliocytes (type II) - cells of the greater society; may be rich in mitochondria, EPC, lamellar complex and secretory granules with surfactant. Surfactant - surface-active speech (lowering the surface tension), making a thin layer on the surface of the epithelial cells, whistling the alveoli and power:

Reducing the surface tightness and reversal of the alveoli;

MAє bactericidal power;

Polementation and transport of acid through the cytoplasm of respiratory epithelial cells;

Pereshkojaє vypotyvannyu tissue line in the alveoli.

3. Legeny macrophages (type III) - establish themselves from monocytes in the blood. Klitini ruhomi, you can set up pseudopodia. The cytoplasm has mitochondria and lysosomy. (For phagocytosis of third-party areas, or microorganisms): in mines, they are replaced in small-tissue light bulbs between alveoli, and there they overtravel the buried objects or go out of the built-up "treasury"

Respiratory epithelial cells and large epithelial cells grow on the basal membrane, the alveolus is surrounded by elastic fibers and blood-bearing capillaries. Between the blood in the hemokapillary, cover the alveoli, and by the time there is an aerogematic bar in the alveolar lumen, which is stored from the onset of the elements:

Surfactant water;

Nuclear-free cytoplasm of the respiratory epithelial cell;

Basal membrane of the alveoli і Hemocapillary (get angry!);

Nuclear free endothelial cytoplasm Hemocapillary.

Understanding about the interstitial tissue and the leg - the price of tissue, which will keep the space between the bronchi and bronchial tubes, acini and alveoli. Histologically, it is a kind of fluffy fibrous fabric, which can be recognized by the following features:

1. For klіtinnim warehouse - at vіdmіnu od zvichaynoї puhkoї voloknistoї spoluchnoї tkanini mіstit bіlshe lіmfotsitіv (utvoryuyut lіmfoїdnі skupchennya, Especially during the bronhіv i bronhіol - zabezpechuyut іmunny Zahist) bіlshu ogryadnih klіtin Quantity (sintezuyut heparin, thromboplastin gіstamіn i - regulyuyut zgortannya krovі) , more macrophages.

2. For small speech - to avenge a larger number of elastic fibers (to prevent the reduction of the alveoli in case of vidych).

3. Blood posture - to avenge even a large number of hemocapillaries (gas exchange, blood depot).

Lecture 21: Models of human anatomy.

1. Zagalnaya characteristic, function of the sectional system.

2. Dzherela, the principle of budovi 3 last day bookmarks of nirok in the embryonic period. Vіkovі changes in the histological budovі nirok.

3. Gistology of Budova, Gistofiziology of the nephron.

4. Endocrine function of nirok.

5. Regulation of the function of nirok.

1. Zagalnaya characteristic, function of the sectional system.

As a result of the exchange of words in the cells and tissues, energy is established, and in parallel, the exchange of products and products is adopted, and for the organism as needed. The slags from the clitin come to the roof. The gas-like part of the co-endsex products in the exchange of rivers, for example, CO2, goes through the legends, and the products of the alcohol exchange - through the pipes. Otzhe, head function nirok - a vision of the organism of endsex products in the exchange of words (a visible or a secretory function). Ale nirki vikonuyut and іnshі functions:

1. The fate of the water-salt exchange.

2. Participation in the formation of a normal acid-puddle level in organism.

3. Participation in regulation arterial vise(Hormones of prostaglandin and renin).

4. Participation in the regulation of eritrocytopoiesis (hormone eritropoietin).

2. Dzherela, the principle of budovi 3 last day bookmarks of nirok in the embryonic period. Vіkovі changes in the histological budovі nirok.

Dzherela development, the principle of budovi 3 last nirok bookmarks.

In the embryonic period, 3 visible organs are last laid down: pronephros (pronephros), I nirca (mesonephros) and residual nirca (metanephros).

The pre-forefoot is laid out from the anterior 10 segment legs. Segmental lows grow from somites and transform into tubules - protonephridia; at the end of the attachment to the splanchnotoma, protonephridia is clearly visible in the whole empty space (empty between the partial and visceral leaves of the splanchnotome), and in the end of the protonephridia in the back of the intestinal tract The forebear in humans is not functional (the butt is repeated phylogenesis in ontogenesis), the unburned protonephridia is susceptible to vortex development, the ale of the mesonephral duct is secured and taken care of during the laying of the first and the residual state of the state system.

The first nirka (mesonephros) is laid from the onset of 25 segmental saplings, which are roasted in the tulub area. Segmental lows grow from somites and from splanchnotomas, transform into canaliculi I of nirca (metanephridia). One end of channels will end with plump extensions. Until the end of the canals, the throats come from the aorta and are pressed into the new, re-transforming lingering end of metanephridia into 2 walls of cells - to pretend to be nirkove tilce. The small end of the canaliculi flows into the mesonephral (Wolf) duct, which is overflowing from the pronephros. I nirka is the function of the head visual organ in the membranous period. In nyrkish tiltsy, slags are filtered in the canaliculi and flow through the Wolf's duct into the cloaca.

Later, a part of the canals of the 1st nirka is given a rapid development, a part - takes care of the fate when laying the state system (among the choloviks). The mesonephral duct will take care of its fate when the state of the system is laid.

The residual nirka is laid on the 2nd month of the membranous development from the nephrogenic tissue (the non-segmented part of the mesoderm, which is located in the middle of the splanchnatoms), the meso-nephral duct and the mesenchymal tissue. 3 nephrogenic tissue nirkovy tubules, Yakі slіpim kіnets vzaєmodіuchi with blood-bearing vessels set nirkovі tіltsya (div. Vishche I nirku); canaliculi of the residual tubule on the way of the tubules of the first tubule are greatly lengthened and after the last time they set up proximal tubules, the loop of Henle and distal vibrant tubules, so that the nephrogenic tissue is removed from the nephrogenic tissue. The distal vivid canaliculi of the residual nirkus of the growth of the wolf duct wall is located at the distal end of the duct;

Krym nephrogenic tissue і Wolf duct with the laying of the secular system and take on the fate of:

1. Transitional period sectional mikhura Confirm with entoderm of alantois (sechovy mishok - vipinnya entoderm of the back end of the 1st intestine) and ectoderm.

2. Epіtelіy of the sečivnik - from ectoderm.

3. Z mesenchy - semi-tissue and smooth elements of the entire secular system.

4. From the visceral sheet of the splanchnotome - mesothelium curly mantle nirok і slice mіkhura.

Vіkovі specialties Budovi nirok:

In newborns: in the preparation, there are very close one to one rosaceous nirkovych, the canaliculi are short, the cortex of the speech is visibly thin;

In the 5th child: the number of nyrk children in the field of view changes (one way out of one through a small canalization of nirk tubes; ale of canals is smaller and smaller in diameter, lower at older adults;

Until the moment of statutory maturity: the histological picture is not seen as grown-ups.

histology, cytology and English for ... have illuminated history doslidzhen, ... Evgen Volodimirovich. Zagalnapart criminal law at 20 lectures : welllecture/ Blagov, ...

Mow to take revenge on a great number of silky trees. They should lie in the pockets of fluffy fibrous fabric and between the buttery fibers and in the slit of the lower surface. There are three types of salons:

bіlkovі;

slimy;

zmіshanі.

All the stench of simple tubal parts or alveolar-tubular parts. At the roots, you can lie with slimes, in the til - bilkov, and in the corner - the slimes.

Move function:

mixing and blending;

participation in the act of kovtannya;

made sounds;

wipe the slips.

Great sleepless zalozi

At the mouth of the empty order, the mechanic repair of the cheeky obrob is done. Ferments, which take their part in the whole process, pass through the sleeps, and they go viral with the sleek vines. At the mouths of the empty ones, they are peeling in the cheeks, lips, tongue, and podnebinni. In addition, there are three bets of the great sleek vines: privushny, lower cheeks and pod'yazikov. The stench is found behind the mouths of the emptying mouth, and it is less visible in neyvidny ducts.

functions: slug wiping. Slime to take revenge on the lick of the word - glucoprotein mucin and enzymes, which practically break down all the components of the enzyme: amylase; peptidazi; lipase; maltase; nucleases.

However, the role of cich enzymes in the external balance of enzymatic reactions shlunkovo-intestinal tract small.

More important is the meaning of slinking in the fact that you are sniffing, lying down. Slina revenge also bactericidal speech, secretory antibodies, lysozyme and in.

Endokrinna funktsіya Slit zaloz polyagaє at viroblennі іnsulіnopodіbnogo chinnika (growth factor), factor scho stimulyuє lіmfotsiti, growth factor nervіv i epіtelіyu, kalіkreїnu scho viklikaє rozshirennya krovonosnih sudin, renіnu, zvuzhuє krovonosnі sudini i pіdsilyuє sekretsіyu aldosterone bark nadnirnikіv, parotin scho znizhuє instead of calcium in the blood, and in.

All the great slugs are organisms of the parenchymal parietal type, which are stored in parenchymal cells (epithelium of the endometrium and vivid ducts) and stromi (fluffy fibrous neoformal blood vessels).

parotid

The collapsible alveolar area is rounded off with a pure white secret. Yak and іnshі great slynnі zalozi, whole lobular organ. The skin part is to avenge the cysts of the same type - the white ones, as well as the insertion and swarthy intralobular ducts.

There are two types of clientele before the warehouse of the kintsevs:

serous (serocyti);

myoepiteliocyti.

Mioepitelіocyti are named as serocytes. The stench may have a process-like form, in its cytoplasm it is good to develop myofilmenti. Fast-paced, sprouting cichlitins clutching at the end of the day and seeing a secret.

Vivіdnі ducts of the ground cover can be divided into:

insert;

swarthy;

interlobular;

zagalny vividny duct.

plugged ducts- the cob widdil of the ductal system. The smell of low cubic or flat food, near the warehouse where there is little differentiated clitini. The name is myepiteliocy, and behind them is the basal membrane. Swarthy vividny ducts are established by cylindrical epithelial cells, in the basal part of which darkness appears, in an electronic microscope it is a glibocytolemma with a great number of mitochondria. The staff of the whole cell was built to the active transport of sodium ions, for which the water was passive. The names of the epithelial cells are myepithelial cells. The function of the clearing duct in the wet with the sludge of the water, the same, the concentration of the sludge. The interlobular ducts are among the nobles, and then the generous ones. The out-of-the-way vividny duct is also a whistle-blower of a ball-shaped epithelium.

Small cheeks

Folding alveolar or alveolar-tubular parts. Viroblyayut changes in the bilkovo-mucus secret from the digestion of the bilkovo component. In small parts of the zalozi there are kintsevs of two types:

bіlkovі;

zmіshanі.

Changes in children were approved by clients of three types:

bilkovy (serocytamі);

mucocytes;

myoepiteliocetamі.

Bіlkovі cells lie in the form of mucous and form bіlkovі pіvmіsyatsі Gіanuzzі. The names of them are myepiteliocyti. Insert short or short ones. Good development of dark vivid ducts. They have є cells of decilkoh types: dark-haired, cell-like, endocrinous, and all the hormones of silky vines.

pid'yazikov zalozi

Folding alveolar-tubular parts are buried, so that the mucous-white secret is vibrated from the mucous component.

They have three types:

bіlkovі;

zmіshanі;

slimy.

Sleek kintsev were prompted by two types of cells:

mucocytes;

myoepiteliocyti.

Budova is two of the first species of kintsevic species, see Vishche. Inserted and swarthy vividny ducts rozvineni nasty, because K. Klitini often mold secretuvati mucus, and vividny ducts behind buds are similar to kintsevy viddili. The capsule in the whole hall is weakly rooted, just like the interlobular and intralobular fluff of fibrous tissue is obtained, navpaki, more beautifully, less in the near and lower slit valleys.

Parotid saline: embryology, anatomy, histology and development

Privushnoї zalozi - the best of the sliny zalozi, roztashovana on the face, in the glib depressions behind the throat of the lower slit, in the posterior mandibular fossa. The shape of the whole bed shows the shape of the bed and it is wrong, it is important to break the outline; With a stretch, it is possible to detach from a trigonal, vertically placed prism, one side of which is named, and the two are in front and back. The parotid shape of a rounded shape and rosplasty is visible, going far forward on the cheek, or down along the sternocleidomastoid nipple junction to the level of the lower edge of the lower slit. Most of the food can be reached, the rear half of the tree is close to 1.5 cm. Obsyag zalozi varіyuє in the meaning of the world, the most zolozi are brought up to the most significant yak 1: 5; middle wag of a priushnoy zalozi - 25-30 m

Embrology. The first rudiments of the priestly zalozi appear on the eighth development of the emotional life. The primordial form of the zalozi, which is of the same type of silt, є cylindrical vypynenya of the mouth emptying; the distal part of the tsiogo vipinennya rozgaluzhuutsya, being the ground for the establishment of the given elements of zalozi; on the transverse razrіza you can see the suction epithelial tyazhі, in the center of which empty spaces are formed (maybutnі ducts). On the 15th day, the capsule is put into place. On the 12th floor, the parotid gullet should lie even close to the cystic rudiments of the lower slit. In some cases, the middle of the cells of the periosteum of the lower slit is visible. At the end of the hour, the parotid area should lie close to the ear until the beginning of the drum mating. Canalization of the duct, the formation of the endovian tubes of the priushnoy zalozi by the way of systematic roses and roses. Klіtini privushnoї zazvyayutsya on the fifth month.

In a newborn, the parotid parotid is 1.8 g, up to 3-fold wag, it grows 5 times, reaching 8-9 m. Kіntsevі zalіzistі bulbashka slightly rozvinenі, slime clitine is still little. The idea of ​​a people growing up to grow up is going to intensively stretch out the first two rocky lives and almost to the whole microscopic Budov, and it is still not very common to see them from the grown-ups.

Anatomy. Put the slush in the mouth; should be repaired on the front-inner surface close to the front edge, on the border of the lower and middle third. The duct is closed from the interlobular canals to pretend to be a path of zlitty two to converge down to the top of the channel, then the channel penetrates deeply into the river, go obliquely down to the rear, take on the bottom up to the top and from 6 to 6. When going out from the duct, go obliquely uphill forward, not reaching 15-20 mm to the willow arch, turned forward and horizontally along the lateral surface of the jugular meat in the superconductor of the transverse artery of the individual, the rosta trochus in the duct, and the face of the vein to pass alone over the channel of the ground, and under it. The duct goes down in the middle in front of the cheek meat, piercing the fatty breast of Bish and, piercing the cheek muzzle obliquely, where 5-6 mm from the mucous membrane and appears in the front of the day, the mouth appears in front of the upper great big tooth of the big tooth; One of the openings is located on the uzvishshi in the viglyadi of the papilla. The entire length of the duct runs from 15 to 40 mm with a diameter of up to 3 mm. On the jugular mucus to the duct, there is a dodatkov parotid gully, the duct which flows into the duct of the priushnoy zalozi, which should not be added to the predatkovaya independent zalozi, but rather to the predatkovaya frequent prismatic zalozi. The projection of the duct near the tragus shell to kuta rota. The wall of the duct of the priushnoy zalozi is stored from the full fabric, rich elastic fibers, from the vessels and nerves and the food, which will illuminate the channel; The chain is stored in two balls - a large cubic and a surface cylindrical; at the time of the depression in the mouth of the epithelium of the duct, the character of the epithelium of the mucous line is taken.

Parotid zaliza bagata vessels and nerves; її arterії take the ear from bagatokh dzherel: all the judges give a rich arterial border, capillaries that go to the power obolontsi, do not come to contact with secretory donors. Everyday pass in the interlobular partitions, lacking shelter in the call of the jugular vein. To see a person see through the numerical education of the judge, and also pass through the partitions of a small part; limf, judges released valves; stink is a lymph in lymphatic universities zapushnoї.

I will remove the nerves of the primer from 3 dzherel: from the ear-skin nerve, the great ear and sympathy. hylok. All the nerves are rounded up in the interlobular fabrics, they fall on the cerebral and the serene fibers, so that they create gossip near the primary patches, the fibers that penetrate into the particles themselves. One of the cich gilok - reference vasomotors, іnshі - secretory; the rest of the passage through the mind and other gossip of nerves; the third kind of fibers end in the walls of the vivid ducts of the closure, the way of ending them not yet. Secretory energy boost nervous system... Preganglionic fibers are repaired from dovgastomuzku and go to the warehouse. The post-ganglionic fibers are being repaired, as they reach the pre-formed gaps. The sympathetic nerve is changing or pinching the secretion of the priushnoy zalozi.

The bed and the fascia of the priushnoy zalozi. The bed is covered in a large part of its own, whipped with a thin ball of klitkovini, in some cases more tovstim, which take on the character of aponeurosis. Parotid zaliza, yak and all zalozi, otochened with semi-tissue leaf, true capsule. The capsule, vіtіlyuyu vіlozu with a thin leaf, and even in the glib septum, and then by themselves, razdіlyaє її on the edge of the patch. Around the capsule, the fascial growth of the musculature: the lateral surface of the fascial plate, posterior to the prevertebral (prevertebral) plate, and the middle hypopharyngeal aponeurosis and vertebral arthritis. Name a number of fascias to describe as one cell, a semi-tissue chokhol zolozi, razryznyayuchi in a new surface (external) and glib (internal) leaves. The superficial leaf of the fascia of the lower edge є to the extensions of the fascia of the lower edge of the sternocleidomastoid nipple mucosa and transition to the appearance, attachment to the kut and to the rear edge of the lower edge of the lower edge of the slit, partly to the fascia of the lower edge of the gap A glib leaf, heading towards the anterior to the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid-nipple muzzle, heading to the mucous membrane of the pharynx, subsequently curling the posterior thymus of the digastric mucus, the awl-like appendage of the nipple; because of the fascia covering the part of the back surface of the inner cryopodic membrane and at the rear edge of the head of the lower slit, it becomes angry with the superficial leaf. At the bottom of the offense of the leaf, pass one into one at the vuz'kyi mіzh with the cut of the lower slit and the sternocleidomastoid-nipple ointment, flap the septum by ourselves, and the bed of the muffin and the bed of the slit. Upland superficial leaf swirls on the lower edge of the willow arch and on the cartilaginous part of the ear canal. A thin leaf of the base of the styloid outgrowth grows from the okisti of the lower surface of the fringe cyst. The deyaki parts of the capsule are deeply buried (for example, on the outer surface of the zone and at the lower pole), inshi, navpaki, even thinner (for example, Chastina, lay down to the pharynx and until the outer ear canal). Zavdyaki penetrating into the ice, the capsule sprouts see the capsule from the capsule to enter only with great difficulties, and it is especially important to see the final part and the front edge of the nest; navpaki, the zaliza easily engulfs close to the outer ear canal, near the jugular muzzles, the muzzles of the styloid protuberance and the digastric mucosa and the lower pole.

The bed of the priushnaya zalozi, zvіlnno vіd vіstu, that is. E. In the privushnoi zalozi and іnsh organs, є a depression from three sides, with the greatest vertical size. The name of the surface of the bed is only with the integrity of the fascia; according to the visible, enter the openings at the viglyadi of the vertical slit, the anterior edge of which becomes the posterior edge of the lower slit. The posterior edge of the opening of the nipple-like appendage and the sternocleidomastoid nipple ointment. Rukhas of the head, so the very bottom slit, change the size of the entrance to the box. The upper edge of the entrance is set as a skrone-slit-like hinge and a ringing auditory passage; the lower edge of the septum is installed between the bed of the bed and the bottom of the bed. The front surface of the bed is made up of a thin bottom slit and covered with a jugular muzzle - a call and a crylo-like muzzle - all the middle; between the last and the smallest zalozya pass through the main-slotted sound. The posterior surface of the bed is established as a posterior thymus of the digastric ointment, an awl-shaped protuberance with two ovaries and three ophthalmics and a hypopharyngeal aponeurosis. The lower, shiina, at the bottom of the bed, establishes an interglandular partition. The upper, lower edge of the bed is set up with two slopes: the rear - the call of the rumor passage and the front - the early-slotted slope; in such a rank, the dome of the bed becomes the base of the skull by extending between the styloid protuberance. Such a rank, the bed of kistkovo-myazovo-aponeurotic stinki. Aside from the front, in the whole bed pass the name of the sleep artery and the name of the jarmine vein, the face and the ear and ear nerves, the lymph, the judgment. The syntopy of the primer is foldable as with organs, where the position of the bed is lying (the last of the syntopy), as well as with such all the middle of the bed (the inner syntopy).

The name of syntopy. The parotid area, repeating the shape of its bed, also has three surfaces (front and back) and two sides. Shkira tsіy galuzі is thin, loose, in women and children it is smooth, in people in part it is covered with hair. Pidshkirna klitkovina (small fat cells) is thin and welded to the shkіroy. It’s better to go through a part of the bunches of a child’s mind and laugh, insignificant judgments and nerves, and gossip. The parotid fascia is also more prominent. The back surface of the bed is prone to all the quiet organs and fabrics, which fold the back surface of the bed. The parotid saline grows between the sternocleidomastoid nipple and digastric muscles.

The front surface is covered with all the depletion of the front surface of the bed, giving a sprout between the inner crylo-like meat and the lower gap, and often on the call surface of the joint edge, which is not enough for the front; in such a way, the edges of its visible forward-facing edge are folded over its vivid duct and mask of the ear. A serous bursa is often formed between the zalose and gradually collapses into the lower cracks.

The upper part of the precursor zalozi zakunu means part of the capsule of the skrone-slit slope and grows behind it. All the middle from all the way to the cartilaginous and cystic parts of the ear canal, where often with mumps, the gnar is often developed. The lower pole is the parotid zone between the bed of the parotid zone. The inner edge of the inward gullet is turned up to the pharynx, not very far up to the third stage, approved by the upper pharynx squeezer. Here the rosette and the yogo artery, the slit artery and the viscous paternal artery; in the glybin in the mountain pass the end of the auditory tube. Behind the help of a weak fibrous septum, the so-called cryol of the pharynx, the posterior surface of the near-ear nest is directed towards the nerve bundle of the shia.

Internal synthopia priushnoy zalozi. Krym priushnoy zalozi, in the її lodge roztashanі arterії, veni, nerves, limf, judges and universities. The head artery of the bed is the call of the sleep artery, which penetrates into the anterior-inner part of the bed, wherever there is a combination of aponeurosis and zalose, then you can sink into the mouth itself, you can slightly obliquely downward, up to the shoulder of the slope; zrіdka zvnіshnya sleep artery to pass the pose zalozi, between her and the throat. At the zalozі zvnіshnya sleepy artery yes hіlki: back vushnu, surface skronevu and cracked. The name of the name is from the first sleepy artery from top to bottom, from the top to bottom, from the top to bottom, from the top to bottom, from the top to bottom; when the veins are passed, the middle veins fall into the vein: transverse facial and posterior veins; stovbur veni, in its own heart, is stored in the surface of the skin and slit veins. The private bed is permeated with numerous great lymphatic vessels, which go out of the skull and show it and fall into the limf, vuzli priushnoy zalozi. Lymphatic universities are located on the surface and gliboki; the first rosette under the small ball of the ringing surface of the skin and picking up the lymph of the skin of the face, the ringing surface of the ear shell, the ringing of the ear canal and the empty drum; glibok_ limf. vuzli, even worse, lie in the course of the callous sleepy artery and internal jugular veni; before them, there is a lymph of the outer ear canal, a soft baby and the rear half of the nasal emptying. Lymph from universities near the top of the head and partly in the university, rostasovani near the entrance of the new jugular vein, partly in the university on the sternocleidomastoid nipple ring.

From the nerves, to pass through the edge of the head, the face and ear and ear. A special nerve sent from the skull through the styloid opening at the same time enters into a similar area, straight obliquely backwards, in the middle and the troches from top to bottom; Some nerves to lie down, pushing forward, come close to the last surface of the bush, and, as a rule, are called from the most famous sleepy artery and callous jugular vena. At the posterior edge of the head of the lower slit, even earlier, in the first place, the nerve falls on its head. The auricular nerve rises out of the lower slit nerve most often in two gills, hunting for the middle brain artery, To pass through the crotch-like meat in the artery of the slit artery and behind the lump of the lower slit penetrates into the after-groove, the nerve falls into a number of trunks; from them, the first turn up the hill and go at once and behind the surface skroone artery; tsya gilka anastomoses with the facial nerve; another short stovbur is given in its peripheral part of the vigilance of the plate, from which there are a number of nighthones; part of the їх enters into the interior of the ear shell and of the ear canal, anastomoses with the cute gossip of the sleepy artery and of the gillocks; The stench anastomoses between itself and with the throats of the facial nerve, setting up a whole nerve net on the gliboky surface of the nerve with such a rank, the sounds of the knots of the throat go into the mouth of the front.

Physiology of people. Behind the bud's parotid foldable alveolar; clitini її vyroblyayut watery secret, to avenge the enzyme a-amylase, breakdowns and salts. Privushnі zalozi - lobular zaliza; okremі parts (primary) are established as a result of the formation of a number of endsexes with ducts leading to them; finding a number of such a small part of it and a large part of zalozi (second). Particles vіdokremlenі one form one strongly rozvineno, permeated with fat with a full tissue. Kintsevіvіddіli (head, secretory wіddіli, adenomerias) may form the slіp, unrepentant growth of mіshkіv, wіll (secretory epіthelіy) roztastovanі on the thin, relieved form of the basic elements. The epithelium is built up from cubic or end cells with a nucleus, rostomed in the lower third, and basophilic protoplasms, in the latter world, reminiscent of strongly crumbling light secretory granules. In addition to the white secretory cells, basal (basket) cells appear in the endocytes, which can also lie on the basal membrane, so that it is so close to it. The aim of the elements is to replace the building with an active speedy fibrillation, in such a rank, myepitelialnye clients. In the interlobular tissue, there are different cells of the tissue, at T. Ch. Plasma cells, fat cells and lymphocytes, which are developed either in one group or in groups. Ostannі inodі mold spravzhnі limf, vuzliki. At the semi-tissue partitions, pass the vessels, the nerves and the visible canals of the zalozi - the ducts.

When the slime goes out from the end-hole, the slime is lastly passed along the plug-in, sleek tubes and vivid ducts, entering the head collector of the outer grooves - the ducts of the outer grooves.

Inserted out-of-the-head saloses are represented by thin, randomly large (up to 0.3 mm) rounded tubes, such as cubic or flat tubes, and to replace the basal microelements. In new-born children, clitinus see mucus; With the help of the secretory power of the inserts to pinch.

Sleepless tubes are set up as a result of the evil of a number of inserts and pass through the parts themselves; This stink is prompted by a thin tissue and a prismatic epithelium with a central nucleus, rich chromatin, and protoplasm, which is more emphasized. Tsі klіtiny vyavlyayut insane signs of secretory activity; Mabut, the stench take a part in the regulation instead of in the sludge water and salts. When inserted, sleeved tubes can also replace basal cells.

Vivid ducts of the priushnoy zalozi in the middle part of the vistula of the noble high-class hospitals; in the interlobular fabric in the world of sweating in the small ducts of the epitheliy, the last long, bagate-eating, instead of the large-ball cubic ones, nareshti, in the closest to the mucous membrane of the mouth empty, the flat ducts are flattened.

Flaws in the development. Visibility, for it is abnormal, the encampment of the ground is not easy to see. In the literature, about 20 types of weather are described. (S. N. Kasatkin, 1949). Most of the boulders are on the right; in five vipadkas it is not revealed on the offense of the sides. Do not develop the duct when it is open. However, in one of S. N. Kasatkina's caution, when aplasia of the lower slit is formed, the ducts are formed (the width of the throat is even larger), which ends with the rear edge of the spindle of the lower slit with spindle-shaped extensions.

It is even faster to promote the appearance of an unprecedented position of the ground - the substitution (heterotopia) on the last surface of the juvenile mucus, on the front end of the mucous membrane. Gruber, at the moment of being in the air, lay on the normal back cordon This is a great zalozu, who is seen behind its establishment and stimulated new creation. Bulgakov, describing the visibility of the right-handed gully in the presence of additional gnats with vivid ducts.

Most often the ducts are located on the mucous membrane of the mouth, on the edge of the first and other great root teeth, sometimes on the edge of the other, before the first upper molar. In okremikh vipadki zsuv girla ducts in front (to the level of the other upper premolar) or backward (to the level of the upper tooth of wisdom). In addition, it can be opened on the lower edge: on the edge of the upper edge it is clear, in the middle of the crown of the upper tooth, on the edge of the lower edge of the crown.

About the natural fistula of the stenon duct, which was sposted by Roser, zgadu Kenig. Pommrikh describing the incidence of the fistula of the stenon duct, which is based on the incidence of the transverse gorge of the individual.

on the topic: "Privushna zalosa: embryology, anatomy, histology and development"

Privushnoї zalozi - the best of the sliny zalozi, roztashovana on the face, in the glib depressions behind the throat of the lower slit, in the posterior mandibular fossa. The shape of the whole bed shows the shape of the bed and it is wrong, it is important to break the outline; With a stretch, it is possible to detach from a trigonal, vertically placed prism, one side of which is named, and the two are in front and back. The parotid shape of a rounded shape and rosplasty is visible, going far forward on the cheek, or down along the sternocleidomastoid nipple junction to the level of the lower edge of the lower slit. Most of the food can be reached, the back half is close to 1.5 cm. Obsyag zalozi varіyuє in the meaning of the world, the most zolozi are brought up to the most significant yak 1: 5; the middle vag of a priushnoy zalozi - 25-30 g.

Embrology. The first rudiments of the priestly zalozi appear on the eighth development of the emotional life. The primordial form of the zalozi, which is of the same type of silt, є cylindrical vypynenya of the mouth emptying; the distal part of the tsiogo vipinennya rozgaluzhuutsya, being the ground for the establishment of the given elements of zalozi; on the transverse razrіza you can see the suction epithelial tyazhі, in the center of which empty spaces are formed (maybutnі ducts). On the 15th day, the capsule is put into place. On the 12th floor, the parotid gullet should lie even close to the cystic rudiments of the lower slit. In some cases, the middle of the cells of the periosteum of the lower slit is visible. At the end of the hour, the parotid area should lie close to the ear until the beginning of the drum mating. Canalization of the duct, the formation of the endovian tubes of the priushnoy zalozi by the way of systematic roses and roses. Klіtini privushnoї zazvyayutsya on the fifth month.

In a newborn, the parotid parotid is 1.8 g, up to 3-fold wag, it grows 5 times, reaching 8-9 m. Kіntsevі zalіzistі bulbashka slightly rozvinenі, slime clitine is still little. The idea of ​​a people growing up to grow up is going to intensively stretch out the first two rocky lives and almost to the whole microscopic Budov, and it is still not very common to see them from the grown-ups.

Anatomy. Put the slush in the mouth; should be repaired on the front-inner surface close to the front edge, on the border of the lower and middle third. The duct is closed from the interlobular canals to pretend to be a path of zlitty two to converge down to the top of the channel, then the channel penetrates deeply into the river, go obliquely down to the rear, take on the bottom up to the top and from 6 to 6. When going out from the duct, go obliquely uphill forward, not reaching 15-20 mm to the willow arch, turned forward and horizontally along the lateral surface of the jugular meat in the superconductor of the transverse artery of the individual, the rosette troche in the duct, and the face of the vein to pass alone over the channel of the ground, and under it. The duct goes down in the middle in front of the cheek meat, piercing the fatty breast of Bish and, piercing the cheek muzzle obliquely, where 5-6 mm from the mucous membrane and appears in the front of the day, the mouth appears in front of the upper great big tooth of the big tooth; One of the openings is located on the uzvishshi in the viglyadi of the papilla. The entire length of the duct runs from 15 to 40 mm with a diameter of up to 3 mm. On the jugular mucus to the duct, there is a dodatkov parotid gully, the duct which flows into the duct of the priushnoy zalozi, which should not be added to the predatkovaya independent zalozi, but rather to the predatkovaya frequent prismatic zalozi. The projection of the channel of the near-ground zalozi on the ridge is to pass the line from the tragus of the shell to the kuta rota. The wall of the duct of the priushnoy zalozi is stored from the full fabric, rich elastic fibers, from the vessels and nerves and the food, which will illuminate the channel; The chain is stored in two balls - a large cubic and a surface cylindrical; at the time of the depression in the mouth of the epithelium of the duct, the character of the epithelium of the mucous line is taken.

Parotid zaliza bagata vessels and nerves; її arterії take the ear from bagatokh dzherel: all the judges give a rich arterial border, capillaries that go to the power obolontsi, do not come to contact with secretory donors. Everyday pass in the interlobular partitions, lacking shelter in the call of the jugular vein. To see a person see through the numerical education of the judge, and also pass through the partitions of a small part; limf, judges released valves; the stench is the essence of lymph in lymph universities.

I will remove the nerves of the primer from 3 dzherel: from the ear-skin nerve, the great ear and sympathy. hylok. All the nerves are rounded up in the interlobular fabrics, they fall on the cerebral and the serene fibers, so that they create gossip near the primary patches, the fibers that penetrate into the particles themselves. One of the cich gilok - reference vasomotors, іnshі - secretory; the rest of the passage through the mind and other gossip of nerves; the third kind of fibers end in the walls of the vivid ducts of the closure, the way of ending them not yet. Secretory innervations of the parasympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic fibers are repaired from the large brain and go to the warehouse. The post-ganglionic fibers are being repaired, as they reach the pre-formed gaps. The sympathetic nerve is changing or pinching the secretion of the priushnoy zalozi.

The bed and the fascia of the priushnoy zalozi. The bed is covered in a large part of its own, whipped with a thin ball of klitkovini, in some cases more tovstim, which take on the character of aponeurosis. Parotid zaliza, yak and all zalozi, otochened with semi-tissue leaf, true capsule. The capsule, vіtіlyuyu vіlozu with a thin leaf, and even in the glib septum, and then by themselves, razdіlyaє її on the edge of the patch. Around the capsule, the fascial growth of the musculature: the lateral surface of the fascial plate, posterior to the prevertebral (prevertebral) plate, and the middle hypopharyngeal aponeurosis and vertebral arthritis. Name a number of fascias to describe as one cell, a semi-tissue chokhol zolozi, razryznyayuchi in a new surface (external) and glib (internal) leaves. The superficial leaf of the fascia of the lower edge є to the extensions of the fascia of the lower edge of the sternocleidomastoid nipple mucosa and transition to the appearance, attachment to the kut and to the rear edge of the lower edge of the lower edge of the slit, partly to the fascia of the lower edge of the gap A glib leaf, heading towards the anterior to the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid-nipple muzzle, heading to the mucous membrane of the pharynx, subsequently curling the posterior thymus of the digastric mucus, the awl-like appendage of the nipple; because of the fascia covering the part of the back surface of the inner cryopodic membrane and at the rear edge of the head of the lower slit, it becomes angry with the superficial leaf. At the bottom of the offense of the leaf, pass one into one at the vuz'kyi mіzh with the cut of the lower slit and the sternocleidomastoid-nipple ointment, flap the septum by ourselves, and the bed of the muffin and the bed of the slit. Upland superficial leaf swirls on the lower edge of the willow arch and on the cartilaginous part of the ear canal. A thin leaf of the base of the styloid outgrowth grows from the okisti of the lower surface of the fringe cyst. The deyaki parts of the capsule are deeply buried (for example, on the outer surface of the zone and at the lower pole), inshi, navpaki, even thinner (for example, Chastina, lay down to the pharynx and until the outer ear canal). Zavdyaki penetrating into the ice, the capsule sprouts see the capsule from the capsule to enter only with great difficulties, and it is especially important to see the final part and the front edge of the nest; navpaki, the zaliza easily engulfs close to the outer ear canal, near the jugular muzzles, the muzzles of the styloid protuberance and the digastric mucosa and the lower pole.

The bed of the priushnaya zalozi, zvіlnno vіd vіstu, that is. E. In the privushnoi zalozi and іnsh organs, є a depression from three sides, with the greatest vertical size. The name of the surface of the bed is only with the integrity of the fascia; according to the visible, enter the openings at the viglyadi of the vertical slit, the anterior edge of which becomes the posterior edge of the lower slit. The posterior edge of the opening of the nipple-like appendage and the sternocleidomastoid nipple ointment. Rukhas of the head, so the very bottom slit, change the size of the entrance to the box. The upper edge of the entrance is set as a skrone-slit-like hinge and a ringing auditory passage; the lower edge of the septum is installed between the bed of the bed and the bottom of the bed. The front surface of the bed is made up of a thin bottom slit and covered with a jugular muzzle - a call and a crylo-like muzzle - all the middle; between the last and the smallest zalozya pass through the main-slotted sound. The posterior surface of the bed is established as a posterior thymus of the digastric ointment, an awl-shaped protuberance with two ovaries and three ophthalmics and a hypopharyngeal aponeurosis. The lower, shiina, at the bottom of the bed, establishes an interglandular partition. The upper, lower edge of the bed is set up with two slopes: the rear - the call of the rumor passage and the front - the early-slotted slope; in such a rank, the dome of the bed becomes the base of the skull by extending between the styloid protuberance. Such a rank, the bed of kistkovo-myazovo-aponeurotic stinki. Aside from the front, in the whole bed pass the name of the sleep artery and the name of the jarmine vein, the face and the ear and ear nerves, the lymph, the judgment. The syntopy of the primer is foldable as with organs, where the position of the bed is lying (the last of the syntopy), as well as with such all the middle of the bed (the inner syntopy).