Blood circulation to the brain and artery to the brain. Anatomy and seizure of cerebral arteries Liva anterior cerebral artery

The arteries of the brain are not a part of such a folding and important process for a new process - bloodsucking. Damage to the blood flow to the brain can lead to serious problems of the human body, and in some cases to a lethal result.

Bloodletting to the brain

The anatomy of the brain is vashtovanny such a rank, so that blood flow in a new one will be taken care of at once by arteries:

• Rights internal sleep artery;
• Liva internal dream artery;
• Right ridge artery;
• Liva ridge artery.

The mossy place is grasping for the inner sleep arteries, and the upper spinal arteries, and the upper spinal arteries, for the backward arteries. The uterus, however, will become infected with blood, both from the internal sleepyheads and from the spinal arteries.

From the main living arteries, the blood flow spreads throughout the entire brain, setting up the whole system under the name of the Willis colo.

Most of the arterial statements of the anatomy of the system and blood circulation are based on respect for the appearance of venous vessels, which also provide shelter. For the creation of two types of "main lines", you need a lot of transitions. In the role of such an axis of interconnections, there is a special intervascular system - anastomoses.

Whether it is pathology or damage, as in the robotic arterial and venous systems, so in the functions of anastomoses, it is possible to lead to folding, and almost non-reversible processes in the brain of a man.

ailing

According to the statistics, it is possible to understand the disease of the arterial system and the human brain, its symptoms, methods of diagnostics and treatment:

• Zahvoryuvannya №1 - arteriovenous malformation of the brain sudin;
• Zahvoryuvannya №2 - atherosclerosis of the arteries of the brain;
• Zahvoryuvannya No. 3 - stenosis of the brain sudin;
• Zahvoryuvannya №4 - cerebral artery aneurysm.

And now we are more specific about skin problems, which are found in the blood-circulating system of the brain.

sickness number 1

AVM is abnormally arteriovenous to the malformation of the brain є it is abnormal or abnormal to malformations, which are characterized by impaired systems of veins and arteries in the brain. Even if in the norm venous and arterial blood flow is guilty, and one into one smoothly, through anastomoses, then with AVM such a smooth transition is not spared - the blood from the artery is easily consumed in the vein.

The anatomy of the system of blood circulation to the brain is not good for respect for the presence of special intervascular diseases, so that normal blood flow from the arteries in the vein can be prevented. The directors are in the blood of blood, so they can stand in the grip of the grip. In vipads, if there are no anastomoses, the roof comes up at the veni with a strong pressure.

Such a standard of speeches is brought to the vitality of the walls, like arteries, as well as veins, which are rosted in the music of the Sudins. As a result of this judgment, you can shovel and cause bloodshed.

The reasons for the arteriovenous malformation of the brain can be:

• Intrauterine changes in the bloodstream of the brain;
• Childbirth or psychophysiological trauma to the brain;
• Abnormal processes of ruining the brain's brain, like traces of sclerotic processes.

Bagato's veterans carried out parallels between AVM and falloff, as well as their attribution. Most often it is a phenomenon to be favored by representatives of the cholovich stati, as well as by quiet people, in the family of those who are sick, there are few other people.

Most often arteriovenous malformation manifests itself in patients from 10 to 30 years.

The main symptoms are:

• Epileptic seizures;
• Parts of the headache;
• Destruction in the coordination of the ruk;
• Weakness, persistence in volume;
• The visibility of sensitiveness in such parts of the body;
• Problems with dawn;
• Zmіna movi.

The problem of AVM is that it can lead to a hemorrhage of the brain, a lack of tissue production, and an insult.

The main method of diagnostics of arteriovenous malformation is angiography. Tsey kind of doslіdzhennya includes computer tomography(CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the introduction of radiopaque flutes into the court.

Likuvannya AVM can be used in a number of ways:

1. The operation is carried out only in this case, if the nucleus of malformation is not very large and its size is small.
2. Embolization is a blockage of one abo-decilkoh sudin, subdued to the rhizik. In such a rank, the blood flow is directed along more high roads.
3. Radio communication is based on a great deal of radio communication in the place of developing malformation for the whole business. Such a therapy is involved in natrivalishoyu, so it’s just a shame to deal with such a problem at once, so it can be dragged on to rock.

sickness number 2

Atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries is a disease, which is characterized by the formation of cholesterol plaques in the cerebral vesicles. The anatomy of blood-bearing vasculature permits a similar kind of provocation to provoke vomiting vudin (stenosis), and in inheritance - a further obstruction.

Atherosclerosis is even more often the cause of the diagnosis of other ailments and of the arterial system and the brain:

• Cerebral artery stenosis;
• Malpharmacy of the brain sudin;
• Thrombosis.

Most of the atherosclerosis are sick people in the age of 50 years. However, such a picture was conceived earlier. Years because of the obviousness in the great number of high cholesterol atherosclerosis of the young. In young people, plaques in the vessels can be established as early as 20 years.

The role of fashion on computers and tablets is also important in these problems, as they paralyze people for a trivial hour. That is why those juveniles, as we live a little-ruhlivny way of life, are also included in the group.

The main reasons for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis of the arteries of the brain can be called:

1. Destruction of the exchange of speech;
2. diabet;
3. Shkіdlivі calls (alcoholism, kurіnnya);
4. Nadliskova vag;
5. Arterial hypertension;
6. The emergence of a great number of stress.

The symptomatology of the disease should not lie on the first step. At the cob stage, people may not feel discomfort, but in the world of progressing atherosclerosis, there may be some turbulence:

• weakness;
• Post_yna vtoma;
• zamorochennya;
• Panic attacks;
• Headaches;
• sleeplessness;
• For no reason at all;
• Destruction of memory;
• Stress and Depression.

For the diagnosis of atherosclerosis, the following methods can be used:

• Analysis of blood for cholesterol;
• Ultrasonic scanning of Sudin;
• Angiography.

Angiography is often indicated as a deprivation in childbirths, if there is an early age for the manifestation of an accelerated illness.

The cob stage of atherosclerosis of the brain is taken over by the correction of the disease and the way of living a sick person. From this race it is necessary to turn on the high school and to live it out. cinnamon products, Bagatimi on Vitamin S, V in. Likewise, the ailing bazhano spend more than an hour on a fresh day, engaging in active sports.

If the ailment is in a larger stage, the doctor can recognize the reception of the lykarsky zasobiv. Before the preparations, for the prevention of illnesses, for the treatment of sodinosilicidal drugs, antioxidants, fibrati, statin, iodine preparations and nicotinic acid... Taking such drugs can be trivial.

sickness # 3

Stenosis of the cerebral arteries is a ringing of the arteries, as the result can lead to blockage. The sound of arteries is due to the illumination of atherosclerotic plaques on the walls. The anatomy of human sudina is such that a great sudina can get clogged up during the growth of plaques, and the other one can become clogged up from a plaque - a shmatka and a crinkle in the bloodstream.

The traces of this will become myocardial infarction, stroke, thrombosis.

Stenosis can cause symptoms and cause atherosclerosis.

Angiography is most often used to diagnose stenosis of the cerebral vesicles.

Likuvannya tsyogo zhvoryuvannya on early stages you can quickly deprive yourself of some drugs. And the most running forms are often carried out.

In the course of the operation, one of the following tactics is selected:

1. Hanging blood clot or cholesterol plaques;
2. Stentuvannya sudini - infringement of yogo stinok;
3. Shuntuvannya is the root of a healthy vessel, which is established directly in the bloodstream.

sickness # 4

Aneurysm of the artery of the brain is a snake of its own form. In other words, the artery of the brain can expand, or it can become opaque. At any vipad, the wall of the judge will stretch out, and bring it to the point of stoning. An aneurysm and hemorrhage can become an inheritance of this.

The reasons for the diagnosis of aneurysms are caused by high-risk officials:

• Vrodzhena pathology of sudin;
• recession;
• Head injuries;
• Іnshi incapacitation of the arterial system of the brain (malformation, atherosclerosis);
• Slightly creepy way of life;
• Zayvі kіlogrami;
• Shkіdlivі calls;
• Wrong eating;
• Experience and stress.

Symptoms of aneurysms can be trivial for an hour or so.

In most neglected cases, the sick person is susceptible to advancing signs of ailing:

• Pain in the head;
• Headache and hearing problems;
• bezillas;
• nudota;
• Paresis of a part of an individual;
• Zamorochennya.

Yak і at vypadku with increased brain artery disease, the most precise method of diagnostics of aneurysms є angiography.

Surgical treatment of ailments can be passed through the use of one of the following methods:

1. Compilation - installation of special cells on the aneurysm, which overrides the access to her blood;
2. Changing the wall of a dish - wrapping aneurysms with a special tissue, which makes a capsule for the judge;
3. Endovascular involvement - rearing a sick judge with special medications and vymikannya from the backbone system and blood circulation.

diagnostic methods

Okremo wants to know about the found and accurate methodology for diagnosing ailments to the brain - angiography.

There are three types of diagnostics that are similar to the genus doslidzhen:

• Doslidzhennya x-ray exchange;
• Computer tomography;
• Magnetic resonance tomography.

Diagnostics by X-ray exchanges can be carried out in two ways - by addition, the introduction of X-ray contrast lines into the vessel ін'кційно or through a catheter. Until the introduction of the speech collapses on the court, the doctor robs the splices of X-ray sleepers, which will allow the court to play on the apparatus. Such a method of diagnostics is the most common for most other vessels. Yogo not very long to vvazhatsya risikoprominennya.

Computer tomography is also practical on the basis of X-ray exchanges. However, їх oprominennya in times less, not at standard radiography. Until then, as a result of such an increase, it is possible to draw back the picture of the stanza of all the organs of the people.

MR-angiography is a more accurate and safe method for diagnosing brain damage. Vona allows assessment of the physiological, anatomical body of arteries, as well as the prelude to chemical and biological processes in the middle of the brain.

If you have a problem, I want to say that in order to remove the ailments described in the statistic, it is necessary to remove it correctly. shkіdlivyh ringtone and lead a healthy way of life.

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In the physiological minds of the skin, 100 g of tissue in the brain in a state of calm, for 1 hour, wash 55 58 ml of blood and live 3 5 ml of sour. That is, to the brain, which in the mid-stratum of a human being becomes deprived of 2% of the mass, 750 - 850 ml of blood goes up for 1 xv, and even 20% of all the sour and about the amount of glucose. Permanently reliable souring and glucose is necessary for the preservation of the brain, which is energetic to the substrate, the normal functioning of neurons, and the preparation of its integrative functions.

The cerebrum is bloodied by two paired main arteries of the head - internal sleepy and spinal arteries. Two thirds of the blood supply to the brain of the internal sleep artery and one third of the ridge. The first to establish the carotid system, other vertebral-basilar. Internal sleepy arteries є gilkami intriguing sleepy arteries. The stench enters the empty skull through the inner opening of the carotid canal of the skin's rump, enters the sinus cavernosus, develops S-podibny vigin. The qia part of the inner sleepy artery is called the siphon, or the cavernous part. Then it "pierces" the hard shell of the brain, when it comes out of it, the head is a deep artery, as at once from the healthy nerve through the healthy channel it penetrates into the empty chamber. From the internal sleepy artery, the rear and front villous arteries are also seen. Laterally, from the intersection of healthy nerves, the inner sleep artery is distributed on two small arms: anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The anterior cerebral artery is the blood supply of the anterior visualization of the frontal dilyanka and the inner surface of the cerebral artery, the middle cerebral artery is a part of the measles of the frontal, dark and lateral parts, the small caps and the larger part of the inner caps.

The backbone arteries come from the clavicular arteries. The stench to enter the skull through the openings in the transverse outgrowths of the CI-CVI ridges and drink it into the empty space through the openings. In the area of ​​the cerebral artery (bridge) offending the backbone artery, they get angry into one spinal artery - the main (basilar) artery, which is connected to two posterior cerebral arteries. Stink to live with blood middle brain, Міст, lozenge and polyclinic parts of pivkul great brain... In addition, from the spinal artery there are two spinal arteries (anterior and posterior), as well as the posterior inferior artery of the corns.

The anterior cerebral artery is the posterior artery, and the middle and posterior cerebral arteries are the posterior artery. As a result of the formation of carotid and vertebral-basilar basins on the lower surface of the great brain, a closed system is established - arterial (Willis) to the great brain.

Development of chotiri of colateral arterial blood supply to the brain. The central system of the arterial (Villizyevy) cola of the great brain, the system of anastomoses on the surface and in the middle of the brain - through the capillary edge between the legs of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries, and the posterior regions of the cerebral arteries

Collateral blood flow to the brain plays an important role in compensating for blood circulation disorders in the case of blockages of one of the cerebral arteries. Along with this, the numerical anastomoses between the small vessel pools can have a grate and negative role in the delivery to the very brain. Butt can be used for cerebral steal syndrome.

It is also necessary, in fact, that in the subcortical region of the anastomosis outside, in case of severe one of the arteries, nevorotnye tissue changes to the brain occur in the region of blood circulation.

Judgment of the brain in the presence of these functions is assigned to a group of groups.

Magistralny, or regional, judges - the whole internal sleep and backbone arteries in extracranial arteries, as well as judges of the arterial cola. The main thing is the regulation of cerebral blood circulation in the presence of changes in the systemic arterial vise(AT).

Arteries of myakoi cerebral sheath (ochmanilі) - a chain of judges with a clearly pronounced nutritive function. Growth and education to lay down the general needs of the fabric. The head regulator of the tone of cichus sudin є the products of the metabolism of the cerebral tissue, especially the oxide in the carbon, which expands in the inflow of the maggot.

Internal osteoarthritis and capillaries, which without a priori provide for one of the main functions heart-vascular system, Exchange between blood and tissue brain, - tse "exchange of judgment."

The venous system of the vison is important for the drainage function. Vona is characterized by a significantly greater mnist in relation to the arterial system. They call this veni the brain "mnіsnimi sudinami". The stench does not become a passive element of the brain system of the brain, but take a part in the regulation of cerebral blood circulation.

Through the surface and large veins to the brain from the vertebral gossips and the large venous veins to the brain, the venous blood is seen in the direct (through the great cerebral vein) and the venous sinuses of the dura mater. In the sinuses, the roofs are seen at the inner jugular vein, then at the shoulder head and in the upper empty vein.

The blood supply to the brain is a framework for the functional system of the blood-bearing vessels, for the help of which, there is a good way of life-long words to the cells of the central nervous system and the production of products in their metabolism. If I look at those neurons that are very sensitive to the instability of microelements, then if I see an insignificant problem in organizing the process, it will negatively mean self-esteem for that healthy people.

On the current day, the state of destruction of the cerebral blood loss or stroke is the reason for the death of a human being, the coils of which are found in the damaged blood-bearing cerebral vessels. The cause of the pathology can be clots, thrombi, aneurysms, loopholes, abnormalities of the nerves, and it is important for this to be carried out at once and to take care of the problems.

Yak vіdomo, schob mozok pratsyuvav, and all yogo clіtiny functioned correctly, it is necessary to uninterruptedly reliable singing kіlkostі kіlkostі kіlkostі and lively conversations to thіt structures right away from the physiological camp of people). At the end of the day, the consumption of the central nervous system was close to 20% of the total amount of sourced food, while the amount of money consumed before the end of the warehouse was only 2%.

Harchuvannya to the brain realizes for the rakhunok of the blood supply of the organs of the head and the shia for the auxiliary arteries, how to create an artery on the brain of a viliziev cola and pierce it into a picture. Structurally, the organ has the largest amount of arteriole in the body - її length in 1 mm3 measles great pіvkul to become approximately 100 cm, in a similar manner of speech, close to 22 cm.

At the same time, the greatest number of growths occurs in the system of speech of the hypothalamus. And it’s not marvelous, but also guided by the saving of the steel of the inner middle to the organism for additional coordinated reactions, in other words, by the inner “steering wheel” of all vital systems.

The interior of Budov's blood supply of arterial vessels in the white and gray speech brain, also in a reasonable way. So, for example, the arteries of the blue speech are more subtle and vigorous, due to the analogous structures of the white speech. This allows the most effective gas exchange between blood components and cells in the brain, because of the reasons for the lack of blood flow in the first place, it’s born on the first day.

Anatomically the system of blood circulation great arteries the head is not a closed one, but a warehouse is combined with oneself behind an auxiliary anastomosis - special conditions, which allow the blood-bearing vessels to appear without the formation of a hedge arteriol. In the body of people, the greatest number of anastomoses is established, the main artery of the brain is internal sleep. Such an organization of blood supply allows for the continuous movement of blood through the blood-bearing system of the brain.

Structurally, the arteries of the head and the head appear as arteries in the other parts of the body. In the first place, the stench does not smell of the lasting elastic sheath and late fibers. Such a peculiarity increases the strength from the hour of the blood pulsation and changes the strength of the pulsation of the blood.

The mozok of people is pratsyuє so, it is guilt on the level of physiological processes regulating the intensity of blood circulation in the structures of the nervous system. In such a rank, the spracial mechanism of organism is the protection of the brain from the arterial grip and sour hunger. The main role in the whole development is the sinocartoid zone, the aortic depressor and the cardiovascular center, such as dressings with the hypothalamic-mesencephalic and vasomotor centers.

Anatomically, by the largest vessels, which bring shelter to the brain, such arteries of the head and shia are used:

1. Sonna artery. He is a young bloody vessel, like a cob in the chest wall from the brachiocephalic stool and the aortic arch. On the edge of the thyroid gland, won, in its own heart, grow on the inner and outer artery: the persha brings shelter to the cerebral speech, and the insha leads to the special organs. The main outgrowths of the internal sleepy artery form the carotid basin. Physiological significance of the sleepy artery of the brain in the presence of microelements in the brain, through it, comes close to 70-85% of the entire rush of blood to the organ.
2. Backbone arteries. In the cranial box, a vertebro-basilar basin is formed, which will prevent the blood supply of the rear viddiliv. The stench is repaired in the thoracic cells and along the cyst canal of the spinal cord of the central nervous system, it travels to the brain, de-joining in the basilar artery. Behind the pidrachunks, blood supply to the organ through the spinal arteries supplies about 15-20% of the blood.

Adequate microelements to the nerve tissue will not take care of the blood-bearing vessels of the villizia cola, which forms from the head blood-bearing arteries in the lower part of the skull:

• two anterior cerebral;
• two middle cerebral;
• bets of the posterior cerebral;
• anterior cephalic;
• the bets of the back ones.

The main function of the vilizia cola polyaga is in the absence of stable blood flow in case of occlusion of the provinces of the brain.

It is also in the blood-circulatory system that the heads of the fakhivtsi see Kolo Zakharchenko. Anatomically, being on the periphery dovgastogo viddiluі to form for a rakhunok, the removal of the side hillocks of the spinal and spinal arteries.

The presence of certain closed systems of blood-bearing vessels, up to which one can be carried out, and Villizia colo and colo Zakharchenko allows the optimal number of microelements to be adjusted to the tissue in the brain with damaged blood flow in the main bloodstream.

The intensity of blood flow to the brain of the head is controlled by the help of reflex mechanisms, by the function of such responses to the nerves of the pressoreceptors, and by the retrofitting in the head universities circulatory system... So, for example, at the center of the sleep artery, the receptor is rocked, which, when the building is damaged, give a signal to the body about those who need to trust heart rhythm, To improve the strength of the arteries and reduce the arterial grip.

venous system

Along with the arteries in the bloodstained brain, they take on the fate of the vena of the head and shia. The management of cich sudin polyaga in vivered products in the metabolism of nerve tissue and control of the arterial grip. For its length, the venous system of the brain is more arterial, the name of which is another name - mystery.

In the anatomy, all the veins of the brain are attached to the surface and gliboks. At the same time, it is transferring that the first type of sudin serves as a drainage of products in the drop of white and blue speech of the nutraceous viddil, and the other - to lead the products to the metabolism of the structures of the stovbur.

The accumulation of superficial veins does not grow only in the membranes of the brain, but passes through the blood of the tongue right up to the lingering veins, de-joins with the glib veins of the basal ganglia. At the same time, it’s not only the nerves of the stovbur’s university that’s covered up — the stench is also sent to the brain’s brain, deceiving the callous vessels through the anastomoses. This rank is that the venous system of the brain is not closed.

To the superficial viscous veins, the onset of the blood-bearing judgment is carried:

1. Lobovi veni, gain shelter from the upper part of the endangeal sinus and guide it to the late sinus.
2. Day of the central furrows. Roztashovuyutsya on the periphery of the Roland zvivin and walk in parallel. Їх functional designation is made to collect blood from the basins of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries.
3. Visiting the Tim'yano-Potilichnoy Region. It grows gilded in relation to analogous structures of the brain and is formed from a great number of times. Є to the blood suckers of the back part of the bone marrow.

During the day, when the roof is brought into the lower right-hand side, it is connected to the transverse sinus, the upper kamyanistic sinus and into the vein of Galen. A skrone vein and a posterior skrone vein are used to the whole group of Sudins - the stench brings shelter from one part of measles.

When there is a wide range of shelter from the lower pylichny zones, the endothelial viddil should go into the inferior capillary vein, as it then flows into the vein of Galen. From the lower part of the frontal part of the vein, lay down to the lower part of the vein, or until the sinus burns.

There is also a great role in the collection of blood from the structures of the brain, the verge of the middle cerebral vein, as it does not go to the top of the brain, nor to the quiet, go down the blood-bearing vessels. Physiologically, it goes parallel to the line of the Sylvian furrow. With a large number of anastomoses, there is a large number of anastomoses from the veins to the cornea and downward of the veins.

Internal ligaments behind the additional anastomosis of large and callous veins allows the metabolism of cells to be seen by people with a lack of function of one of the provincial vessels, in the same way. For example, venous roof from the upper Roland furrows at great people to enter the upper sub-sinus, and from the lower part of the cich zvivin - into the middle cerebral vein.

View of the venous blood of the cerebral structures of the brain through the great vein of Galen, where the venous blood from the corpus callosum and the cornsus is collected. Then the blood-bearing judgment is in the sinus. Smell є with free collectors, which interchange between the structures of the dura mater. Through them, you go to the inner jugular (jugular) vein and through the reserve venous vypuskniki - to the top of the skull.

Trample those sinuses є the stench of the veins' progression is seen from them as anatomical buds: these are the stinks of being made out of this ball with good fabrics with an insignificant number of elastic fibers, through which it enlightens to become elastic. Such is the peculiarity of blood flow to the brain when the blood is oversaturated with the cerebral membranes.

ruin bloodshed

The arteries and veins of the head and shiya may have a special structure, which allows the body to control blood flow and prevent its steel in the structures of the brain. Anatomically, the stench vashtovani so, how cool people when they are advised physical activity and as a result of increased oversupply of blood, the grip in the middle of the brain becomes invisible.

The process of re-formation of blood circulation between the structures of the central nervous system is occupied by the middle viddil. For example, in case of increased physical activity, blood postures in ruk centers increase, and in those they change.

I will look at those neurons sensitive to the inconsistency of living words, and especially the sourness, the rupture of the blood flow of the brain, to the slaughter in the robotic parts of the brain and apparently the destruction of the self-esteem of the people.

In a large number of people, a decrease in the intensity of blood circulation in a wiklica has the following signs and symptoms of hypoxia: head b_l, Zapamorochennya, arrhythmia of the heart, a decrease in rosum and physical performance, drowsiness and in some cases of depression.

The destruction of the cerebral blood loss can be chronic and hostile:

1. Chronic camp is characterized by a lack of disease in the brain with lively talk for a singing hour, with a smooth flow of the main disease. For example, the pathology can be a hereditary hypertension or atherosclerosis of the Sudin. At the same time, you can choose to do something to ruin your speech, or even to your ischemia.
2. A state of destruction of blood loss or an insult to the view of a different type of pathology of a raptus with sharp manifestations of symptoms of a rotten blood supply to the brain. Zazvychay such a camp is trivial, no more dobi. Qia pathology є inherited hemorrhagic or ischemic lesion of speech in the brain.

Sickness in case of impaired blood circulation

In healthy people, the regulation of blood flow to the brain is concerned with the middle of the brain. This is how people and endocrine system are ordered. If a person stops trimming lively speeches, then, then, in people with cerebral blood circulation disorders, it is possible to find out for the following symptoms:

• parts of the headache;
• zamorochennya;
• distribution of concentration of respect, destruction of memory;
• sagging ailments with rus eyes;
• tinitus shedding;
• visibility for the recognition of the reaction of the body to the calls of the visitors.

In order to unify the development of the hospitable stan, I recommend that I recommend that we respect the organization of the arteries of the head and of all categories of people, as it is hypothetical to suffer in the absence of blood flow to the brain:

1. Children who turned up for a cesarean roste and experienced hypoxia before an hour of intrauterine development, or in the process of childbirth.
2. Pidlitki in the period of statutory dosage, so as at all o'clock the body is proud of the deyaki of the change.
3. People who are engaged in promoting the rosum practice.
4. In addition, for those who are ill, they are supervised to the teeth of the peripheral blood flow, for example, atherosclerosis, thrombophilia, osteochondrosis.
5. Lіtnі, so as they have stinks of suds, until the accumulation of plaques in cholesterol. The structure of the circulatory system also draws its elasticity through the vicious changes.

For renewal and reduction of the risk of development of severe cerebrovascular accidents, the reduction of cerebral blood loss is prescribed, drugs are prescribed, directed to improve the blood flow, stabilization of the arterial vise and the reduction of arterial pressure.

Disrespectful to a positive effect drug therapy, Tsі lіki do not accept it on their own, but only for the recipe, so yak pobichna diya and overdosing will block the death of the sick.

Yak polіpshiti blood circulation to the brain of the head in home minds

Depletion of blood circulation to the brain, it may be possible to degrade the quality of life of the people and be the cause of greater serious sickness... It’s not safe to miss the main symptoms of pathology, and in case of the first manifestations of blood loss, it’s possible to turn to fachivts, which is to denote literacy.

The order of the intake of medicinal preparations in a wine can also be used for the renewal of the organization of blood circulation in all organisms. To them are admitted:

• ranked gymnastics;
• awkward physical to the right, straightened to the renewal of the tone of the mucous, for example, when the sympathetic and combustion of the position;
• child, reclaimed for cleansing blood;
• implantation Lykarsky Roslin at viglyadi present and edvariv.

Uninvolved on those who, instead of the corny words in the roslin, are minuscule in the porous drugs, Їх do not underestimate. And if the ailment is alive, it is self-sufficient as a prophylactic one, then it’s about the general rule of thumb to say the problem on the priyom.

People use for the improvement of cerebral blood loss and normalization of the blood vice

I. By the very broadening of roslin I give a beneficial effect on the robot of the circulatory system є leafing the barvinka and hunger. To prepare each of them, it is necessary to pour 1 hour of L. sum with a bottle of sprinkle and bring to a boil. If you want to insist on insisting for 2 years, if you want to live on a drink for 30 minutes before the day.

II. Sumy honey and citrus fruits also stagnate with the first symptoms of filthy blood supply to the brain. For tso їkh peremelyuyut at kashkopodibne camp, add 2 tbsp. l. honey and sleep in a cool place for 24 years. For a good result, take such a drink 3 times a day for 2 tbsp. l.

III. It is not less effective for atherosclerosis. With a whole proportion of changes in the amount of money, there can be changes. Take її for 0.5 hours L. a year before їdi.

IV. In one more vіrnimy way for polіpshennya filthy bloodstatic є nastіy leaf shovkovitsі. Yogo gotuyut like this: pour 10 leaves into 500 ml. sprinkle and let it brew in a dark place. Obsessions of nast_y live to replace tea with a stretch of 2 teas.

V. In case of severe osteochondrosis, in addition to the prescribed therapy, it is possible to remove the early formation of the ridge and head. And come in to stimulate blood circulation in the vessels and apparently to move the blood circulation in the structures of the brain.

Gymnastics is also Korisna, which includes the right to the ruffs with your head: nahili the side, the ruffs and the catch of the dyhannya.

Preparations for polypshenia blood posture

To the filthy bloodstains to the brain of the head serious pathologies organism. Call the tactics of getting sick, so that the difficulty of oversupply of blood wonders. Most often correct robot cerebral blood clots, atherosclerosis, exclusion, infectious diseases, hypertensive ailment, Stress, osteochondrosis, stenosis, sudin і їх defect.

In a number of vypads for improving the blood circulation in the brain, there are preparations for the treatment of the main manifestations of pathology: headache, foul-smelling, stooling and forgetfulness. When the drug is taken in such a way, it is done in a complex manner on the cell's brain, activating the internal metabolism, introducing the activity of the brain.

With the elimination of filthy blood loss, such groups of drugs become stagnant in order to normalize and improve the organisation of the activity of the vascular system and the brain:

1. Sudinosilicate. Їх дія is straightened on the weakened spasm, which leads to the improvement of the education of the sudin and in the form of a rush of blood to the tissue of the brain.
2. Anticoagulants, antiaggreganti. Nadayut antiaggregatory action on the blood cells, to prevent the formation of blood clots and reduce the flow of blood. Such an infusion will increase the penetration of the verses of the vessels and will gradually reduce the quality of the good old words to the nerve tissue.
3. Nootropics. Directly on the activation of the robot's brain in order to improve the cell's metabolism, when a certain type of drug is used, the surge of life forces is indicated, the function of the central nervous system is increased, and it becomes more responsive.

The intake of oral drugs in people with minor damage to the organisms of the circulatory system and the brain helps to stabilize and improve the development of their physical conditions, with many ailments with an important step in the destruction of blood circulation and changes in the brain.

On vibir lykarskoy form There is a large number of medications injected. So, in patients with manifestations of pathology, the brain for the improvement of blood supply appears to be internal and internal, so that for additional pricks and dribbles. At the same time for consolidating the result, prevention and therapy of the near-cordon likarski zasobi live orally.

On the current pharmacological market, the main mass of preparations for the improvement of cerebral blood circulation are sold in the form of tablets. Nimi є takі lіki:

• Sudinosilicate:

Vasodilatori. Їх pouring polyaga into the weakened walls of the vessels, so that the spasm is known, and it will lead to better education.

Correctors of cerebral blood circulation. The aim of the speech is to block the intake and the supply of blood from calcium and sodium. This kind of change in the robotic spasmodic receptors of the sudins, which eventually relaxes. Prior to the preparations, such diy should be used: Vinpocetin, Cavinton, Telektol, Winpoton.

Combined corners of cerebral blood circulation. They store up with the sufficiency of speech, so that blood flow is normalized for the improvement of microcirculation of blood and activation of internal metabolism. Nimi є takі lіkarskі zasobi: Vasobral, Pentoxifylin, Instenon.

• Calcium channel blockers:

Verapamil, Nifedipine, Cinnarizin, Nimodipin. They are based on the blocking of the proper amount of calcium to the tissues of the heart and penetration into the walls of the vessels. At the practical training session, a decrease in tone and relaxation of arterioles and capillaries in peripheral views the vascular system and the brain.

• nootropics:

Preparations - activate the exchange of words in the nerve cells and polish the processes. Piracetam, Phenotropil, Pramiracetam, Cortexin, Cerebrolizin, Epsilon, Pantocalcin, Glicin, Aktebral, Inotropov, Thiocetam.

• Anticoagulants and antiaggreganti:

Likas designated for blood distribution. Dipiridamol, Plavix, Aspirin, Heparin, Clexane, Urokinase, Streptokinase, Warfarin.

We partly blame the "hunger" of the structures of the brain є atherosclerosis. Tse zhvoryuvannya is characterized by the appearance of cholesterol plaques on the walls of the vessels, until the change in diameter and penetration. Every year, the stench of being weak and consuming your elasticity.

• statini, change the amount of cholesterol by organism;
• sequestrant of fatty acids, as to block the absorption of fatty acids, with a whole stench, sniff the liver of vitrachati stocks for the development of fatty acids;
• Vitamin RR - expanding the duct of the sudin, shrinking the blood flow to the brain.

prophylaxis

Yak dopovnennya to the main treatment, blood supply to the brain, in addition to the prevention of the main disease.

For example, if the pathology of the bula wiclican is caused by coagulation of blood, then the improvement of self-esteem and the improvement of the quality of the therapy carried out in addition to the nutritional regimen. To achieve a positive effect for older people, it is necessary to live from 1.5 to 2 years old.

As the filthy blood supply of tissue to the brain is provoked by congestive pests in the area of ​​the head of the brain, then, in the same way, the polypsy of self-esteem can be helped by the identification of the elementary physical rights for the improvement of blood circulation.

All hovering below needs to be done accurately, without any rucks or rips.

• Put your seated hands on the knee, trim your back straight. Having straightened the shia, nahilyayut the head in the offended sides with a cut of 45%.
• For her follow the wrap with the head to the left, and then at the ringing straight.
• Fucked head forward and backward, so scooped up in the spat of their breasts, and then marveled up the hill.

Gymnastics to allow the muscles of the head to relax, with a roof in the brain, it starts to collapse more intensively along the spinal arteries, provoking the heat up to the structures of the head.

It is also possible to stabilize blood circulation through massage of the head and head with hand-held methods. So as a hand-held "simulator" you can vikoristovuvati comb.

Placing in products rich in organic acids also helps improve blood circulation in the brain. To such blown out should be applied:

• Riba ta seafood;
• oats;
• gorichi;
• hour-maker;
• greens;
• grape;
• hot chocolate.

An important role in the development of self-esteem is a healthy way of life. This does not mean that it has become obsessed with salted, highly salty, smoked food, and it will be necessary to increase the perception of alcohol and chicken. It is important to remember that only a complex effect can help improve blood flow and polypathy to the activity of the brain.

Video: Walliziev Kolo and Kolo Zakharchenko

With blood, filled with lively words and sour, - the head of the mind of its normal efficiency - will protect the judgment system. Niyakі іnshі cells do not stop growing so quickly, as nerves, function in the presence of a small change, for example, blood flow. To build up a shortly damaged rush of blood to the brain can be rendered obscene. The reason for such sensitivity is the great demand for nerve cells in acidic lively talk, The leading rank, glucose.

The total cerebral blood flow in humans becomes close to 50 ml of blood in quiline per 100 g of tissue and in the brain and invisible. In children, blood flow is 50% lower, lower in older adults, in people with kidney disease - by 20% decrease. In normal minds, the lack of blood flow through the brain in general is promoted when the middle arterial vise collapses from 80 to 160 mm Hg. Art. Squeeze into the total cerebral bloodstream even more rapid changes spurred acid and carbon dioxide into the arterial blood. total steel cerebral blood flow adopted by a folding regulatory mechanism.

The blood circulation of the young ones in the brain is found at the stage of its activity.
When robots are able to measles brain (for example, when reading, viral tasks)
blood flow in the vicinity of growth zones by 20-60% as a result of expansion
cerebral vessels. In case of zagalnaya ruined wines, they increase by 1.5-2 times,
and in the lute camp - 3 times. With anesthesia or hypothermia
cortical blood flow is changing rapidly.

System of blood circulation to the brain

To get shelter to the brain along 4 great vessels: 2 internal sleepy and 2 ridge arteries. The roof is opened by 2 internal jugular veins.

Internal dream arteries
Internal sleepy arteries - the chain of the backward sleepy arteries, liva - to come from the aortic arch. The rights of those in the country’s sleep arteries to grow in the rural areas of the country. The pulses of the walls can be easily seen through the screen, pushing your fingers to the neck. Stronger over-threading of sleepy arteries will porush bloodletting to the brain. On the edge of the upper edge of the larynx, the sleep artery is distributed to the external and internal sleep arteries. The internal sleep artery penetrates into the empty space of the skull, deserves the fate of the blood in the brain and full-time apple, Zovnishnya is a dream of an artery to live organisms, exposing the head of the head.

ridge arteries
The spine arteries go out of the arteries, go up to the head through the lance of the openings in the transverse ridges of the ridges of the ridges and draw into the empty skull through the great opening.

The scars of the judgment, how to live the brain, come out of the aortic arch locks, the fluidity and grip of blood in them are high and may be pulsating. For їkh zgladzhuvannya at the entrance to the skull, internal sleep and ridge arteries set up sub-vigini (siphoni). Having moved to the empty skull, the arteries are confined to oneself, setting on the lower surface of the brain so the titles of the Willis colo, or the arterial colo of the great brain. When twisting the delivery of blood from a certain vessel, it is allowed to carry out an overdraft of the other dzherel and prevent the destruction of blood supply to the brain. At the same time, in normal minds, shelter, brought in from the arteries, does not hesitate in the courts of the Willis stake.

brain arteries
From the inner sleepy artery to the anterior and middle cerebral artery, to live the inner and outer surface of the brain (lobova, tim'yanu and skronevu part) І glibokі vіddіli to the brain. The posterior cerebral arteries, how to live the potent parts of the arteries, and the arteries, how to supply blood to the brain and cerebral arteries, and the spines of the spinal arteries. From the spine arteries to enter and the judgment, to live spinal cord... From the great cerebral arteries, take an ear of numerical fine arteries, which are burnt into the tissue brain. The diameter of the arteries grows in wide fringes, by more and more it grows in short - to liven up the cortex of the brain, and to live - to live up to the speech. The greatest amount of hemorrhage in the brain is susceptible to pathological changes in the stems of the same arteries.

The distribution of other arteries is used to create capillary fringes, and in the brain, the number of capillaries in the common speech is 2-3 times, but not in the bile. In the middle per 100 g of fabric, 15'107 capillaries are added, and the total amount of capillaries is 20 square meters. cm.

The capillary wall does not stick to the surface of the nerve cells, and the transfer of sour and other words from the blood to nervova klitin zdіysnyuєtva for the middle of special cells - astrocytes.

hematoencephalic bar
Regulation of the transport of rivers from the blood capillary to nerve tissue I will name the hematoencephalic bar'єra. In normal blood, the brain does not pass (get covered with bar) with half of iodine, salt salicylic acid, Antibiotics, immune tila. And that means, likarski zasobi, how to take revenge on the speech, when introduced into the house does not affect the nervous system. І navpak, it is easy to pass through the blood-brain bar'єr alcohol, chloroform, strychnine, morphine, pravsevic toxin and in. Tse will be explained to the shvidke diyu on the nervous system of cich speech.

In order to eliminate the hematoencephalic bar'єru, antibiotics and other chemical speech Infectious diseases to the brain, to inject it into the medulla, navkolishn the brain, - liquor (cerebrospinal ridina). Hitching through a puncture in the transverse viddili spinal stop or in the sub-zone.

Internal veins
Blood from the brain flows through the veins, which flows into the sinuses of the dura mater. The stench is a chilin-like channel in the cradle tissue-tissue shell brain, which will enlighten those who become visible in any minds. Such a prism will prevent the uninterrupted appearance of blood from the brain, which will prevent the presence of the blood. The sinuses are lined up on the inner surface of the skull, followed by wide furrows. Behind the sinus system, the venous blood from the brain moves to the jugular opening at the front of the skull, and the cob sits on the inner jugular vein. On the right and left of the internal jugular veins, the blood goes to the brain into the system of the upper empty veins.

The sinuses of the dura mater through special veni-vypuskniki, which pass through the cranial cyst, appear through the superficial (podshkinny) veins of the head. At the same time, it is permissible, with singing minds, to "throw off" a part of the venous blood from the empty skull not at the inner jugular vein, but through the inner jugular vein into the outer jugular vein.

The evolution of the brain brought a lyudin to the top of the pіramіdi
living nature. The brain is carried to the central nervous systems
і vikonu in the organization of the function of regulation and coordination of activities
of all organs, good connections with a new center
and pristosovuє organism until changes, which are introduced.

Impairment of cerebral blood flow

Timing damage to cerebral blood flow is caused by other reasons. Through osteochondrosis, open in the ridges of the shinnyh ridges, how the judges squeeze through them, and the blood supply to the brain slows down - there are headaches, migraines and so on. In case of an arterial clutch, a strong deterioration, or because of the pressure, there can also be headaches, fatigue, a feeling of severity in the head, some bloating and a short time loss of evidence.

The blood supply to the brain is established through two sleepy and two backbone arteries. Roztashovuyuchis in comrade, the judge reach the base of the skull and penetrate into its empty, closing the arterial ring on the front of the brain.

From anatomical and clinical and radiological points of view, it is possible to see extracts and intracranial arteries.

Ni rozberemo "klasichny" varіant Budova and potіm zupinimosya on ryadі mainly anatomіchnih varіantіv, vrahovuyuchi scho morfologіchna organіzatsіya sudin head mozk bіlsh nіzh 50% vipadkіv vіdrіznyaєtsya od of type yaky priynyato vvazhati Normal: okremі arterії іnodі vіdsutnі abo buvayut rіzko gіpoplazіrovana, the particularities of their appearance, hair removal and anastomosis, the presence of pre-existing and per-sistent vessels are attributed to it. There is an important role, some of the peculiarities of the arterial system and the brain have plenty of room to lie down, to develop in the pathological minds of the brain, as if it were the first steps, the localization and the clinic.

I. extracranial artery

Before The extracranial arteries are carried across all the judges and the judiciary segments, which carry shelter right up to the head, between the heart and the back of the skull. If you want to mean that, in case of a number of pathological stances and arteries, you can change directly to the flow and be included in the blood flow of the upper picture. Extracranial arteries include in themselves: the arch of the aorta before the entrance of the artery to the artery, to the entrance of the artery to the artery, back to the artery, the shoulder artery, proximal to the arteries of the arteries before the entrance of the artery to the back

/. Carotid system.

Shoulder-head stovbur (truncus brachiocephalicus) is an unpaired artery, which comes from the aortic arch and goes obliquely to the right and uphill. In front of the new growth, the liva is unchanged vein, thymus zloza, behind - the trachea. The shoulder-head stovbur does not allow the hiplocks and on the level of the right thoracic-clavicular part to continue on the right side of the sleep and the subclavicular artery. In some cases, one can see another third head - the middle artery of the thyroid gland, when it burns along the anterior surface of the trachea to the lower pole of the thyroid gland.

The head sleep artery (a. Carotis communis) (OCA) on the right comes from the shoulder-head stovbur. Liva is a dream artery to go from the aortic arch to the best point - at the place where brachiocephalic stovbur is seen. The offense of the artery goes to the area of ​​the shia behind the sternocleidomastoid joint between the sternocleidomastoid nipple-like muscle. CCA pass lateral to the trachea and larynx, posteriorly and medially to the jugular veins. The internal jugular vein, the wasp and the bloating nerve are located in the same tree, and the vertebral bundle of the sheath is formed, from the back of which to lie shiiny viddil cute Stovbur. The sternocleidomastoid nipple-like meat will be attached to the sleep artery in front. The rear surface of the right OCA is prone to the descent muzzles, and the left, on top of that, up to the edge of the stravohode. On the edge of the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage, the OCA expands, making bifurcation, and extending to

internal (ICA) and call (NSA) sleep arteries. In some cases of bifurcation, there is a visual artery of the pharynx. Rozpodil OCA can be seen in the middle of the thyroid cartilage. Rivn bifurkatsii in the region is variable: 1% - at rivni C n, 16% - Z w, 66% - C IV, 16% - C v, 1% - C vr OCA until the end of the day. Call the artery to expand in the area of ​​bifurcation in the so-called carotid cybulin, which expands to the ICA. At the last ball of cybulin, the sensitive nerves of the end, the development of the wickedness of the robotic heart, the reduction of the arterial grip, the expansion of the peripheral vessels are expanded. The area is called carotid sinus reflexogenic zone. It can be promoted in case of rough palpation of the judgment on the whole level, as well as before the hour of angiography (punctuation of the artery, para-arterial contrast of speech).

The first time of the ICA be sure to go through the calls and back and forth from the NSA, which is a lot of reason to start from the beginning and end of the day. One day, the judge should stand at the candelabra viglyad. Without a bunch of bifurcation of the BCA, I’ll again get close to the NSA, where I’ll do a medial turn before entering the carotid canal. At the same time, if the ICA goes back to the medial according to the reference to the NSA, then you can start the loop near the NSA. The ICA doesn’t let the hylok go until it enters the empty skull.

The NSA has gone out of the dreamy artery directly up and down and immediately started out on the go. Then there is the rear edge of the lower slit and on the level of the lobbed protuberance of the chain of the brush it extends on two ends: the surface of the skrone and the inner slit artery. Effortless NSA plugs are subdivided into the following:

• 1) front - a. thyreoidea superior, a. lingualis, a. maxillaris externa;
• 2) back - a. sternoclaidomastoidea, a. occipitalis, a. auricularis posterior;
• 3) medical - a. pharingea ascendens;
• 4) kintsev - a. temporalis superficialis, a. maxillaris interim.

The main meaning of cych gilok, from a neurosurgical point of view, is clear in that, with occlusion of the backbone or internal sleepy artery on the stench, one can take a part in the collateral blood circulation in the brain.

2. Vertebral-basilar system.

The keyhole artery is seen from the middle of the aortic arch, the right-handed person is from the shoulder stovbur. Discharge from the chest empty through the upper opening breast cancer, Pidclavicular artery of the ogina dome of the pleurisy, roztashovuyuchis in the mezhlostnіchny tricycle behind the anterior descent ridge. Then the artery goes down the clavicle, go up to the first rib and cross over the new one. There are three views in the switchboard artery: 1 - before the entrance to the prominence with similar sounds, 2 - on the side of the inter-forestry segment; In the 1st viddili there is a ridge artery, the inner artery of the milky zone and the thyroid stubbur, in the 2nd - the costal stovbur, and in the 3rd - the transverse artery of the shia.

The spine artery (PA) is the first bit of the clavicle, I want it to go directly out of the middle of the aortic arch (4% of the sideways and even slightly on the right). When moving from the most important point of the clavicular arch or the posterior medial part of the її, PA moves in front of the sinking meat, slightly ringing or the S-subclavian viginum (VI segment) when entering the transverse opening of the V | (90% vapors), before C v (5% vapors) and sometimes even vertically uphill through the openings in the transverse ridges of the ridges (V2 segment). Vyishovshi from the opening C i, it is turned laterally і once again even vertically along the axis і Atlanta, or turned in front of the entrance into the transverse outgrowth of the Atlanta at 45 °. Vyyshovshi from the opening in the transverse protrusion of the Atlanta, the vessel going back

approximately 1 cm to the back of the atlas, then turned medially (atlas loop - V3 segment). Then the artery is seen from its own muscles, which are anastomosed with the beads of the capillary artery, so that it can be seen from the NSA (the capillary-spine anastomosis). Posteriorly and medially from the atlanto-occipital part of the PA pass through the atlanto-occipital membrane, the V4 segment penetrates the solid cerebral and arachnoid membrane.

For the pylic-spinal anastomosis of the PA form of anastomosis with the thighs of the thyrocervical and bone-cervical stovburiv. In the middle diameter їх become 3.5 mm (1.5-5 mm). Rights і lіva PA may have the same diameter approximately 25% of the range, lіva lіva PA is wider right. In 10% of cases, the small diameter of the vertebral column is indicated as a hypoplasia.

P. Intracranial Sudin

V The areas are brought up to the brain to go and see all 4 arteries with blood: front - internal sleep and rear - ridge arteries.

Carotid system (Fig. 1.22).

The ICA enter the skull emptying through the carotid opening (foramen caroticum), which is located medially from the foramen jugularis. Vona pass through the canal in the skronevoy kistka (skronevaya part) and two in the new vigin

Small. 1.22. Anatomy of the carotid system of the sudinum (cited for E.3lotniku, 1973).

a - bichna projection: 1 - siphon of the internal sleepy artery; 2 - orbital artery; 3 - visible part of the anterior cerebral artery (A2); 4 - arch of the anterior cerebral artery near the colony of the corpus callosum (A3); 5 - per_callosis artery; 6 - frontal-pole artery; 7 - calleso-marginal artery; 8 - vishidnі gіlki middle cerebral artery; 9 - posterior tim'yan artery; 10 - angular artery; 11 - posterior skronev artery; 12 - anterior villous artery; 13 - posterior cephalic artery, b - direct projection: 1- siphon of the internal sleepy artery; 2 - proximal form of the anterior cerebral artery (A1); 3 - frontal-pole artery; 4 - per_callosis artery; 5 - calleso-marginal artery; 6 - proximal form of the middle cerebral artery (Ml); 7 - posterior skronev artery; 8 - back tim'yan artery; 9 - angular artery; 10 - tape-shaped arteries; 11 - anterior villous artery.

Vyishovshi through tearing openings (foramen lacerum), if on a small protrusion right vertically in the cavernous sinus, roztasovany naznі from the main cyst (cavernous part - segment C5), sometimes turned anteriorly and burns down - segment C4, backward NW segment. When the ICA enters the cavernous sinus and passes the inferior nerve in the subarachnoid cisternal space (cisternal part C2). Kintseva part - segment C1 - go backwards and laterally to the middle and anterior cerebral artery. On angiograms in a normal projection, the cavernous and supraclinoid curves of the ICA may show the shape of an S-shaped vigina, which is called the ICA siphon. Razr_znyayut sub, ordinary and straightening type siphon. There is often a subclinical siphon, when there is any, edge of the posterior (due to the rotation of the artery into the cavernous sinus) and anterior (at the transition of the subclinoid part of the ICA into the supraclinoid), third subclinical With a simple siphon, the third vigin is visible. The straightening siphon is a type of ordinary one and is characterized by twisting the siphon in front of the supraclinoid form of the ICA. Knowing the shape of the siphon is necessary for topical diagnostics of general devices of the parasellar area.

The orbital artery is repaired from the C2 - NW segment, the posterior artery (PCA) is from the C1 segment, with a 10% drop, if the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) is repaired without the middle from the ICA. The diameter of the ICA in the middle become 2.8-3.3 mm. Even greater significance in diagnostics is to be found in person. You want to go out of the rear-immediate part of the anterior loop of the carotid siphon (segments C2, NW), rotate medially out of the ICA and enter the healthy canal below and before the middle of the healthy nerve. Then you go to the upper medial viddil ochny and, going to the block, continue to the end of the block - the supra-block and the nadochnyamkov, which may be anastomosed with the endocyst. It is necessary, in particular, that there is also anastomosis between the middle obolonkovo ​​artery, more precisely, from the upper slit artery - and the inside of the artery.

ZSA is repaired from the back wall of the BCA at the maximum viginu back. The artery goes backwards to the inner surface of the okoruha nerve, then medially and flows into the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Thus, PCA є as bi-anastomosis between ICA and PCA. On its way, the ZSA supplies blood to lie on the order of illumination (crossing of healthy nerves, healthy tract, gray hillock).

From the posterior surface of the ICA, the anterior artery of the vertebral column is seen distal to the PCA. There you go back and up the hill of the zorovy tract, to enter the breech dugout and to get into the jugular gossip of the lower horn, supplies the posterior third of the shkaralupi, the zorovy hillock i internal part internal capsule.

The middle cerebral artery (a. Cerebri media) (MCA) appears from the C1 segment of the ICA. Dovzhina її of the main stovbur dorіvnyuє in the middle 16.2 mm (5-24 mm), and the diameter - 2.7 mm (1.5-3.5 mm). The head stovbur (Ml segment) extends by 2 or more drums (up to 5) - M2 segment. Rozpodil BCA can be used as mains and mains. In the case of the main type, the ICA subtype is in the MCA, and the APA and the anterior cerebral artery (PMA) are gilded, in the case of the rosary type, it is displayed in one point.

The small points of the SMA often go in the same direction, but the main stop, especially if it is short, and then in the area of ​​the island we go to the top of the mountain, because the little points are turned medially. Tsya point (sylvian point) let it grow on the 30 mm side of the inner surface of the edge of the rim brush.

It is a good idea to go straight to the gilts and areas of blood flow to develop groups of the anterior throats, to go to the frontal area, the upper ones - to go to the motor and sensory areas, and the rear ones to go on the main straight line

і tilting area і lower - operate from top to bottom edge of the edge. Arteries of blood supply to a larger part of the bicular surface of the brain and the island.

The PMA goes from the ICA and goes forward and medially, passing over the chiasma, either by the healthy tract from the anterior permeable space, or strictly straight, or by the viginum (segment A1). A whole segment of it comes from a number of perforated jigs, from which the most powerful is the Heubner artery (Heubner artery). The anterior perforation arteries enter the brain through the anterior perforated space and vitalize the head of the caudate nucleus, the anterior part of the lenticular nucleus, as well as the inner and outer capsules. Hypoplasia (4% of vipads) or aplasia (1% of vipads), a small difference in diameter between the sides, is a rule. In the middle door PMA sit over the green cross of the short anterior cranial artery (PSA), and set 2.6 mm in the middle. 74% of the PSA vipads have one, in 10% of the two, it is more likely that plexiform or atypical configurations are observed. Even more rare aplasia (0.3% of vipads) or hypoplasia (9% of vipads). Pislya vidhozhennya of the anterior full artery PMA go forward and uphill (A2) by medial surfaces pivkul over calluses til. A part of the artery, rosted distal to the viginus of the corpus callosum, is the pericallosis artery. Vona supplies blood to the medial cells of the brain, the nucleus of the great brain, the corpus callosum, the partly called surface of the forehead and the small part.

Vertebrobasilar system (Fig. 1.23).

PA, when entering the subarachnoid space, pass through the stovbur to the brain and slope straight, or lightly ring, or shy away from the backward loop, and go from the protolezhny PA, slide at the rear edge of the bridge. The diameter of the left PA should be 2.2-2.3 mm, the diameter of the right - 2.1 mm. The first is great PA - the posterior lower cerebellar artery. Vona is variable in its course and appearance: in 10% of cases there is a warning towards BA, in 10% of cases it is one of the arteries of the day. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery is located proximally to the ear of the BA, extending from the ear to the stovbur and the ear. The artery extends over the great opening in 57% of cases, below - in 18% of the cases, on the equal opening - in 4% of the cases. Often the artery is to rob the “caudal loop”, as it can reach the arc of the Atlantean. The middle diameter is 1.2 mm.

The anterior spinal artery is not large, it should be repaired in the middle at 5.8 mm from the back of the spinal arteries and the reach of the anterior surface of the stovbur. Make the diameter 0.4-0.75 mm.

The BA is established with the formation of spinal arteries and then extends to two posterior arteries. Won a middle 30 mm (24-41 mm) and a middle diameter 3 mm (2.5-3.5 mm). The name is straight, ale one can be slightly turned into a bik (10-20%). One won’t get the S-subtle wiggle between the stingray and the stovbur brain.

The anterior inferior cerebellar artery is repaired from the lower third of the BA approximately in half the degree and from the middle third - in the lower third of the BA. From here to the anterior lower part of the corns, supplying blood to them. Zazvychay won nabagato thinner, below the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.

The upper artery artery is seen to appear from the endocytic part of BA. First centimeter in front of the front and laterally, sometimes parallel to the ZMA. In the middle її diameter become 1.9 mm. Bend through the lobes to the brain and to the upper surface of the brain, supplying blood to it.

ZMA є anatomically and functionally near the cord with the carotid and vertebral-basilar systems. Phylo- and ontogenetically, it is associated with the ICA and only when the links develop with the BA. In about 10% of older adults, the PCA comes from the ICA (this is the name of the back traffic of the ICA).

Small. 1.23. Anatomy of the vertebral vessels [E. Zlotnik].

a - bichna projection: 1 - ridge artery; 2 - main artery; 3 - lower posterior cerebellar artery; 4 - upper cerebellar artery; 5 - posterior mozkov artery; 6 - skronevo-potilichny hilki of the posterior cerebral artery; 7 - internal capillaries of the posterior cerebral artery; 8 - internal beads of the upper cerebellar artery;

b-- direct projection: 1 - ridge artery; 2 - main artery; 3 - lower posterior cerebellar artery; 4 - superior cerebellar artery; 5 - posterior moss artery; 6 - internal capillaries of the posterior cerebral artery; 7 - skronevo-potilichny gilki of the posterior cerebral artery; 8 - the name of the upper cerebellar artery.

First segment (P1) going forward і named to ZSA і then turning backward near the brain (P2), lying down to the edge of the tentorial opening, going upward and laterally along the lower surface tiled parts, Peripheral crusts are produced, which blood suck on a small scale. The diameter of P1 should be 2.1 mm, P2 - 2-3.3 mm. At the cob segment, perforated ears, yaks, passing through the rear perforated openings, blood flow pіdkіrkovі universities, Nizhki to the brain, the judgment of the gossip of the III і bichny shlunochkіv.

ZSA can be without any options for development. In 22%, the vaughn's guard is hypoplastic. In the middle, the size is 14 mm, diameter - 1.2 mm. Approximately 15% of all populations indicate aplasia from one or both sides. Go backwards and slightly laterally from the PCA to the ICA.

III. colateral blood flow

Collateral paths can compensate for changes in potik, if the temporal stenosis of the feet or occlusions develop in extra-intracranial arteries. Arteries, which normally do not take part in the blood supply to the brain, can be included in the bloodstream and, earlier, the brain can be involved in the blood flow of the upper brain (robbing of the spine, basilar pleural artery disease). The inclusion of collateral paths and the blood flow to lie in a vice of gradation.

1. Ochnoyamkovu kolaterals.

The orbital artery in normal blood from the ICA, and the bone artery anastomoses from the ipsi and contralateral ECA. Water supply in the area of ​​frontal orbital anastomosis. In case of stenosis of a high ICA level, the proximal place of intra-orbital area passage of the intra-orbital area. A decrease in the flow in the ICA and NSA from one side of the cyclonic retrograde blood flow through the peripheral orbital arteries from the locks of the contralateral NSA (arms of the arteries of the nasal dorsum and distal anastomosis in the area of ​​the supralocular artery).

2. Potilichno-ridge anastomoses.

Anastomoses form the head of the extracranial ligaments between the carotid and vertebral-basilar systems using the V3 segments of the PA segment. In case of proximal occlusion of PA, perfusion of the distal dilenca can prevent the pylitic-spinal anastomoses, as well as in occlusion of the CCA and proximal NSA, direct blood flow can be reversed.

3. Ridge artery yak collateral path.

Deficiency, wickedness by unilateral PA occlusion, is compensated for by an increase in flow through the PA prototype. Reversal of the collateral flow through the PA can occur during the occlusion of the proximal dilenca of the subclavicular artery or the brachiocephalic stovbur. Potik s PA abo, rіdshe, s BA carry the name of the clavicle robbery.

4. Arterial colo of the great brain (colo of Willis).

Tsei anastomosis to the brain of the lower carotid system and one to one and from the vertebral-basilar system through the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries.

Arterial colo - the most important is the system of education and grip in the arteries, which is important for the brain. It can be highly variable and in 3-4% of cases it is not closed. Classical її configuration є less in 20% of people, in those cases like chi іnshі dіlyanka cola is hypoplastic. In case of hypo-abnormal aplasia of one of the anterior cerebral arteries, blood loss on the side of an incomplete artery should be taken for a prostate sleepy artery. Such a variant of development, when one ICA lives with the blood of MCA and offense of the PMA, is called anterior ICA trifurcation.

Rear arteries are the most flexible. Often one artery is smaller in diameter. A variant of the development, for which ZMA is repaired without the middle of the BCA, is called the back traffic.

Naybіlshoї respect to merit the options for development, when every day there is one of the arteries. In such cases, the arterial colo of the great brain appears to be rosy.