Syndrome of the lower empty vein: symptoms and lіkuvannya. Palliative assistance in case of upper void syndrome

The rhythm of the day-to-day life is increasingly becoming ill, which is negatively implicated in robots circulatory system... Inodi stench can invade the life of people. Butt of such ailments is the syndrome of the upper empty vein.

Unimportant to those who are given ailment to inflict a group of good people, the number of suffering people is not less.

The brush is accessible to the edge. Often the symptoms are more severe, clutter up the life people.

de roztashovute

Roztashovuyutsya in the area from the head to the right atrium. Tse finish a short dish.

The function of the field is in the fact that you have all the shelter, it is filled with carbon dioxide gas from the head, shoulders, arms and lungs.

In the transverse overriding vessel, the size is close to 2 cm, the thickness of the stems is insignificant. The position is practically vertical.

In the front there is a thorny tree, and in the back there is an unpaired vein.

Thrombosis of the upper empty vein

Vіdomy medicinіy nautsі since 1754. Persha described this serious illness to befall Gunther.

Thrombosis can be caused by more or less part of the blood flow in the same vessel. Also, on the other hand, there is a problem of blood flow from the head, as well as to the symptoms.

The step of insecure disease is tightly tied to the rapid development. If thrombosis develops quickly, then the unpleasant result is more significant, less with general progress.

It’s tied together, but in the first vypadayut not formulate obhidnі blood-bearing vessels.

Varto vidmititi scho Denmark syndromeє a signal about the presence of more serious pathologies.

Health can be seen through the appearance of evil poohlins in the body of people.

Chem is not safe

It is not uncommon for the likeness of all things to be borne in the edge of the negative inheritance.

Blockage of the provoku development of the upper part of the floor. Tse can direct the loss of the dawn, hearing after itself.

There are rumors of hallucinations, dripping eyes. In some cases, it means more than the loss of the light in the eyes.

Lack of fluidity and intensity of blood flow pathological changes in the human brain. The stench is tied to the lack of sour gourd organ.

Tse can provoke the diagnosis of insults.

cause hi

It is obvious from medical statistics that 2/3 of all types of pathology provoked the appearance of malignant chickens.

Oncological pathologies, which provoke thrombosis, are manifested in such organs as:

  • lungs;
  • milk frogs;
  • middle;
  • lymphatic universities.

Among cancerous new products, the reasons can be:

  • the appearance of a blood clot;
  • zvnіshn hushing veni;
  • inflammation of the thymus (often gnіine);
  • tuberculosis;
  • syphilis;
  • ailing thyroid gland(Goiter);
  • histoplasmosis;
  • ignition process in stravohody;
  • trachea fired;
  • silikosis.

Once a blood clot is formed, it can be detected through the nose of a pacemaker. However, these types of drops are very rare.

symptoms

All the symptoms of the syndrome are associated with this, but as a result of the deterioration of the passage of the judgment and the loss of blood flow, an arterial grip is caused.

In this hour, there are 3 main symptoms:

  • swelling;
  • cyanosis of curvatures;
  • we see the expansion of the veins.

These are the signs to be called the triads, and when they first appear, it is necessary to immediately turn up to the drug.

Also see robots wrecked mental systems and brain.

Symptoms from the side of the mental system:

  • zadishka;
  • Difficulty dikhannya (especially when lying down);
  • cough;
  • ailment in the chest;
  • whistle for an hour of dichannya;
  • frequent inconsistencies.

Symptoms from the side of the brain:

  • the appearance of obscurity;
  • parts of headaches;
  • increased sleepiness and volume;
  • sudomi.

Symptoms of the side of the circulatory system:

  • Significance of p_dvischennya blood vise;
  • Evidence of nasal bleeding;
  • The appearance of sinuses and internal bleeding.

At a fast pace of development, people can quickly move their inner-skull grip. Tse provokuє a brain in its own devil, in some cases, a stroke.

Folding in case of clogging

For thrombosis of the upper empty vena isnu.

The reasons for this in the great world are similar to those of the Supreme Judge. However, in this vipadu will suffer Lower part tila.

Thrombosis of the lower empty vein is not safe in the region, so it is possible to provoke development. As a result of the pathology in the roof of the lymph, the particles of abo ridin are consumed.

It is often the case to bring people to death.

Blockage can provoke nirkova lack, Robotic liver damage and abdominal dropsy form.

Є one of the most unsafe manifestations of thrombosis. It is important for this to quickly diagnose the disease and turn up to the lykar.

diagnostics

If you have symptoms, you must immediately turn up to the drug.

It is guilty that the first beast is violated to the therapist, which, with an unprecedented call, give direction to the situation before the necessary problems and the production of analyzes.

Diagnostic methods:

  • chest viddil.
  • Doppler ultrasound of sleepyheads.
  • ... It is necessary to clarify the process of rosta thrombus.

For that, the yak pukhlina Bula was revealed, it was designated as a mice roztashuvannya, the patient was sent to the biopsy procedure. Vaughn allow you to clarify the diagnosis and the significance of the malignancy of the new solution.

lykuvannya

Lіkuvannya is more complex. Aimed at usunennya of the main cause of blockage and on the treatment of suppression.

Therapy is tailored to the reduction of the process of dichannia:

  • vicorystannya diuretic, Yakіyuyut vivedennyu zavoї іnіznі z organіznu, and also a decrease in vagi;
  • amalgamation of salivation;
  • special;
  • hormonal therapy - medicinal preparations of the Prednizolone type.

In case of diagnostics of oncological swelling, patients should undergo a course of necessary chemotherapy and surgery with a visible new solution.

When a blood clot is detected when diagnosing a blood clot, an operation is indicated or a procedure according to its vision.

In vipadkah, if nemozhlivo povnіstyu, vidaliti zdavlyuyuchu puhlina through її ingrowth - vstanovlyuyut spetsіalny Balon vseredinі sudini.

Yomu breeders in the meaning of the world increase blood circulation in people.

forecasts

In case of free diagnostics and quick implementation of the necessary remedy for the ailments, it can be a very friendly prognosis.

With the use of a factor that interferes with the blood flow, there is a decrease in the value of a decrease in the manifestation of symptoms.

For whatever reasons it was added, the result can be very uncomfortable and lethal.

It is also obvious that there is an important role in the success of the treatment of the first reason.

As the health of the viclikano is malignant chubby, the greater the world and the friendliness of the result is due to the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

Syndrome of the upper empty veins reach wider than become ill. It’s not safe to know that you don’t expect any obvious symptoms to bring about a problem. However, there is a wide variety of roles that can be played on the cob.

It is even more important to respectfully support your health and when signs appear, which indicate the possibility of an obvious discomfort, the need to immediately turn up to the doctor.

Brown video: Features of the upper empty vein

Kava syndrome, abo vernacular veni syndrome - tse complex specific signs with damaged blood circulation of the upper part of the tulub. characteristic symptoms include swelling of the skin, cyanosis of the skin and enlargement of the veins. When a number of symptoms appear, an inappropriate medical assistance is required.

Kava syndrome is often familiar with oncological processes, as it sinks into the blood-bearing and legeneva systems. Pathology can be seen in humans Riznogo viku and pidlog. The syndrome is diagnosed in women in vaginal women and in children.

Description of ailment and acceleration

The upper empty vein is roasted at the inner space of the middle empty breast. Її taste the tissues: sternum, trachea, bronchi, aorta, lymph nodes. Functions: prevention of blood flow from the lungs, head, upper part of the tulub.

Syndrome of the upper empty vein - a complex of specific signs in case of impaired blood circulation of the upper part of the tulub

Syndrome of the upper empty vein is a deterioration of the normal blood circulation in the upper part of the tulub and the head. Daniyu vessel can be zdavlyuvatisya, change your budova in the course of many pathological processes. As a result, the blood from the hands, hands, face, head and shi will be destroyed. The blood will stagnate.

With the syndrome of the upper empty veni, I am not safe in sliding grip... In important cases, there are 200-250 odds per systole, which is not safe for life. Most severe to cholovica syndrome in people from 30 to 60 years.

When the patient is on the go, the patient may be encouraged to do the following:

  • Rise of bleeding, which diagnoses, mainly, at the upper part of the body. The patient will be turbuvati seeing blood from the nose, eyes, cough can be with crooked veins.
  • Stagnation of blood can cause thrombosis of the sagital sinus.
  • Loss of blood flow from the head of the wikkikє blockage of the brain, severe headaches, increased intracranial vise.
  • by ourselves the most insecure heritage syndrome є hemorrhagic stroke. Having poured blood into the empty head of the skull, it is not safe, in half of the cases, the parallels, paresis of mucous membranes, are observed in the patients. Often fatal.

Nine-unsafe inherited syndrome є hemorrhagic stroke

key picture

Thrombosis wiklikє impaired function of okorukhovy or auditory nerves. Win can develop quickly or step by step. Another vipadku to be asserted kolaterals, tobto, alternative ways to the blood flow. on cob stage ailment against mayzhe is asymptomatic. As the process of establishing blood clots develops quickly, pathology will be very important. The syndrome takes 10-20 days to develop.

In the imusheno pose before the hour, I sleep, on the same position. Sleep at night becomes ill-humored without the vicarious of the sisters.

cause the syndrome

The most common causes of the development of the syndrome are the wrong way of life and shkіdlivі calls, Yaki as a result produce up to damaged blood circulation. Before the development of kava-sidroma provoke evil new solutions:

  • blood cancer;
  • sarcoma of the brain;
  • oncological processes in the pelvic organs.

Cancer of the blood may be a victim of the syndrome

The development of the syndrome is often associated with the statements of multiple metastases, which penetrate into the empty vein. Inodi syndrome can be diagnosed through cancer of the lesions, pleurisy, thyroid gland, as well as traces of post-radiation fibrosis.

Hourly pathology develops as a result of trivial catheterization. Tse provokuє will appear sclerosis or thrombosis. The diagnosis of the syndrome of the upper void vein in children is often associated with trivial catheterization of the void vein in oncology.

Syndrome of the high-flown vena in the form of provoking an increase in circulating blood volume. In vaginal wines, they become the result of venous congestion. The uterus on the lower terms is embossed on the diaphragm and a large empty vein. Decrease of the level of sourness is rotten to be recognized on the organs of the woman, to develop the development of the fetus. In the last trimester, we will be provoked by trivial lying on the back.

symptoms

Yak bulo said earlier, there are few patients who take their respect for symptoms, more at the early stages of ailment are not obvious key signs... One day for an appointment arterial vise, Scho is often written off on nerves.

With the syndrome of the upper empty vein cool picture update characteristic signs:

  • shiya becomes thick;
  • on the guise, shia, foreheads, spontaneously display the veins;

To talk about the manifestation of pathology

  • the person grows swollen, bursting with other capillaries under the skin;
  • shkіra of revealing, hands, shi nabuv characteristic blue vidtinok, through the destruction of the venous blood flow.

Be it from among the symptoms of a termine malignancy to a lycar. wick I will not help you, Yaksho signs are developing more quickly.

With an increasing development of the syndrome of the upper empty vein, people are turbulent:

  • Destruction of dikhannya. You can be happy, you can feel calm in the country, you feel like a marriage, you can't breathe in.
  • Rozlad kovtalnoї funktsiya. The patient cannot live and drink.
  • There is a cough, like an hour to fend off. The cough itself is dry, or perhaps streaked with blood.
  • Forgetfulness, zamorochennya, head b_l, court and lower and upper cuts.

The variability of symptoms in the form of developmental development and number of symptoms was established by colaterals.

diagnostics

For the ear, the patient is guilty of turning to the therapist, cardiologist and neuropathologist for the correct diagnosis. Syndrome to diagnose for auxiliary living, taking anamnesis and instrumental methods doslіdzhen.

One of the types of diagnostics is magnetic resonance therapy

The patient can be assigned:

  • fluoroscopy breast cancer in 2 projections;
  • angiography of Sudin;
  • Computer tomography;
  • magnetic resonance therapy.

Remaining two methods are the most informative. Most often it is necessary to consult an ophthalmologist, an ENT specialist, and, if necessary, an oncologist.

More detailed in the diagnosis of the syndrome of the upper empty vein, in addition to bronchoscopy, biopsies of the lung tissue and lymph nodes, thoracoscopy ( pleural emptying). Similarly, the thinning of the steps of the lack of penetration of the empty vena.

lykuvannya

With a second syndrome, the upper void venous syndrome is symptomatic. Vono stagnate at the same time with the main therapy. By the method of pre-house likuvannya є pidtrimka internal reserves in the body. Conservative therapy includes:

  • kisnevі іngalyatsії;
  • diuretics;
  • cortecosteroids.

Diuretics for treatment syndrome

In case of severe interruption, the syndrome of the upper empty vein is known for an operation. The patient can be recognized:

  • thromboectomy;
  • resection of a piece of empty vein (a homoimplant is installed on the second place);
  • shuntuvannya (obhіdnі ways to blood flow);
  • vidalennya k_st middle;
  • stentuvannya great empty veni.

With trivial catheterization, a balloon dilatation is required.

Prognosis for symptoms of upper void veni

With the secondary syndrome of the upper empty vein, good prognosis is unhealthy without successful basic therapy. Only the most visible causes of the cause are additionally helped to suppress the pathological process. The prognosis of unpleasantness in case of oncological factors, a provocation of a syndrome, or in case of a hostile interruption. With vaginosis of ailment, provoke hypoxia of the fetus.

visnovka

Syndrome of the upper empty vena - the price of a serpent, we can not trivialize the pressure of the empty vena, for it is not a failure. For some reason, there may be other reasons, but it is more successful than that, if there is more reason for it.

The state of development of the syndrome can lead to the bend of the people. With the first symptoms, a sick person needs medical help.

Not a skin know, well, but a lot of it and not chuly until that moment, as long as there are no problems. Syndrome of suppression of the upper empty vein - the number of symptoms, which is caused by a partial blockage of the vein, which does not carry a blood stream from the head and neck, to the upper part of the SVS, hands and heart. Most often, but in 95% of cases, cancer is common.

symptoms

The disease does not develop only through the squeezing of veins, but because there is a blood clot in the vein, which makes it difficult to see blood from the head and breast.
People have the following symptoms:

  • Heal gradually into sleep.
  • Attack a headache.
  • Abbreviations on the face, shia, as well as in the area of ​​the breasts.
  • Pain in the breasts.
  • The person of the crimson-blue color.
  • Difficulty of dichal processes.
  • Nabaryakaє throat.
  • Nabryak of legends.
  • Self-feeling is close to uncomfortable.
  • For an hour dikhannya a little whistle.
  • Cough.
  • Expansion of the superficial veins.
  • Shkіrny curling on the breasts and arms of the swelling of a cyanotic color.
  • Sudomi.

Tsi signs of the main, ale є also and second:

  • Hearing collapsed i sp.
  • Hearing hallucinations.
  • The eyes are tearing.

The symptomatology is more evident at the moment of heaving, wobbling forward, as well as when lifting his hands up.

The intensity of the symptomatology can be found without the presence of the disease progression. If the slowdown is stronger, the larger the world is the collapse of the collateral blood circulation, and it’s like a head dzherel sourness, so it comes to the organs. Golovniy from bureaucrats, scho viclikayut a subordinate camp - cancer of the legends. Signs of a delay, clear in a short hour, 3-4 days in total. With a lot of blood, the grip moves up to 200-500 mm, water. Art.

Important to the nobility. Choloviks from 30 to 60 years on the way more often go through pathology on the view of women.

Reasons for the incidence of SVCS

Oh bagato, ale fakhivtsi vidіlyayut deyakі naosnovnіshі:

  • The outstanding character of vein squeezing.
  • Thrombus.
  • Build up pericarditis.
  • Cancer legends.
  • Melanoma.
  • Lymph node cancer (lymphoma).
  • Silikoz.
  • Pukhlina organs, roztasvanih in the area of ​​diaphragms.
  • Sarcoma.
  • Infected with tuberculosis.
  • Teratoma of the middle.
  • Breast oncology.
  • Sertsevo-Sudinni ailment.
  • Rosetting of fibrous fabrics.

Buvah, the human body itself is wicked like a snake, reacting so to promptly involved or trivale of a venous catheter.

diagnostic methods

Before the ear of procedures, the drug is guilty of knowing the history of the ailment and the cause of the development of the syndrome.

It is diagnosed like this:

  • Chest x-ray is performed. Know how to play in new projections.
  • Obov'yazkov tomography - spinal, MRI and CT.
  • Phlebography - carried out in order to identify the localization of the disease.
  • Conduct ultrasound doppler ultrasonography.
  • The patient undergoes bronchoscopy at once with a biopsy - a vyavlya factor, through which a seizure is formed.
  • Sputum can be found in the laboratory.

If there is a need, then the fahivets, how to carry out a follow-up, signifying a thoracoscopy and a medical examination, and also asking the sick person to an ophthalmologist for a consultation, will be able to see an internal one. In addition, it is necessary for the development of pathology, in the form of heart failure. In addition, since the car is free of all the analyzes, it is possible because of the direct therapy itself, as is required for a particular patient.

Yak to get sick

Therapy is selected on the basis of the disease, in which the disease and symptoms develop.
In 50% of cases, the syndrome begins to develop before the diagnosis is made to the patient. Schob likar mіg spend effective therapy You need to have a critical process, which becomes the cause.

In case, if the illness is against it is important, and it is a threat to the life of a sick person, the therapy should be carried out in a termine order, without the basic diagnosis. The head meta - kupiruvati signs of zavoryuvannya. Half of all SVCS types have a liking.

Basic methods

medication

Lykarska therapy is even more effective in treating the syndrome of depression. For a complete anti-coagulant treatment, fibrinolytic medicinal preparations. It can only be recognized in the development of thrombosis, when phlebography is performed, because the effectiveness of the stopping visits is too low.

hirurgic

Among the methods of treating thrombosis of the upper empty vein, as a malignant solution to surgical interventions, the most effective: through the venous endovascular balloon angioplasty, at the same time with the installation of a stent, there is a lot of sound. If you want to correct it from the list, the maximum effect, it needs to be repaired. early stage ailments.

Recommendations for vaginitis in case of hypothermia syndrome

The lower empty vein is roasted along the edge of the ridge, it has a great diameter and venous roof is brought into internal organsі ніг. When the uterus grows, there will be a delay. As a result, blood will change to heart, and in fewer debts circulate through the legends.

Likari recommend to mothers:

  • Spati, turning on the liviy bik.
  • Put pillows on your back, loose for the vagina.
  • Most often it goes, it is better to polish the venous vidtіk.
  • Robiti to the right in the pool, the water sprays blood from nig.

In such a syndrome, sleep on the back and proglate physical to the right is not possible.

Symptoms wouldn’t be scary, it’s necessary to remember it, to be unaffected by the foldability of SVCS. Well, if brothers and sisters, if this year's XXI century and technologies in medicine are developing, then it’s not viral. I would like to help myself, we will not occupy the camp of the schoorish cleaning.

Head vein syndrome(SVPV) - non-slip mill, Tied up with blood circulation in the basin of the upper empty vein, like the easiest way to get over the bagatokh zhvoryuvan, tied up in the middle. The remaining hour of the increase in the frequency of the given camp is tied to the growth of sickness cancer of the legacy, Yakiy є the main cause of SVPV.

Anatomical and physiological features.

The upper empty vein is a vessel with thin walls, which are sutured in the middle middle and excreta with schilny structures, such as the chest wall, aorta, trachea and bronchi. In every way, the vein is sharpened with a lance of lymph universities. For the upper empty venous venous physiological є there is a low venous grip, but, in general, due to the visceral peculiarities, it is easy to obstruct the vena in case of any navkolishny structures. Through the upper empty vein, the roof of the upper sketches, heads, upper half breast cancer. There is a small number of anastomotic systems that ring the basins of the lower and upper empty veins and play a compensatory role in case of impaired passage of the rest. Naybilsh is important from them є unpaired vein. Unimportant for a large number of colaterals, functionally the stench will not replace the upper empty vein. With SVPV, the grip in n_y can grow up to 200-500 mm of water stop.

Ethiology and pathogenesis.

The development of SVPV is based on three main pathological processes:

    Veni zzovny press

    the sprouting of the wall of venia with an evil chubby,

    thrombosis of the upper empty vein.

Among the other reasons to produce up to SVPV, next to mean:

    Infectious diseases: tuberculosis, syphilis, hystioplasmosis,

    thrombosis (traumatic, spontaneous or in the case of secondary lesion of the middle),

    iatrogenic causes,

    idiopathic fibrous mediastinitis,

    heart-vascular deficiency,

    retrosternal goiter ..

Klіnіchnі show і danі of the objective situation.

The clinical picture of the SVPV is tied with the adjustment of the internal vascular vice in the zones, the venous attachment from those in the norm is drained through the upper empty vein, in order to establish a permanent vein. Relief for blood flow, development of venous collaterals, symptoms associated with the main diseases, є components of SVCS. The variability of the early signs of SVPV lies in the form of the development of the pathological process, the level and the stage of the development of the education of the upper empty vein and the adequacy of the collateral blood circulation. Klinichny overrun of the SVPV can be hospitable or generally progressive. Scars of the ailing in the region developmental: headache, tediousness, confusion, callousness, hoarseness of voice, cough, dysphagia, pain in the chest, difficulty in dumbness, dullness, sleepiness, judgment In case of physical obstruction, the most characteristic signs of SVPV appear: enlargement, swelling of the veins, chest wall and upper flares, bulging of the face, wide or upper shoulder girdle, cyanosis or swelling of blood.

Diagnostics.

For the diagnosis of SVPV, there can be enough data from the clinic and the physical condition. When there is a morphological diagnosis, it is necessary to carry out all possible medical diagnostics for verifying the pathological process: cytological diagnosis of sputum, bronchoscopy with biopsy and cytological diagnostics lymphatic university, Sternal punctuation and in. At the same time, it is recommended to trim the material. Setting the diagnosis of an illness in a fake supplementary aid vibrate is an adequate tactic for the reduction of acceleration. At the same time, which is required for the installation of the diagnosis, it is innocent to lead to the death of a sick person, or the results of a falsified abuse. X-ray of the chest cell in direct and normal projections and tomography is shown to all ailments in cases of non-removable benches, for example, when the patient is susceptible to the loss of the passage of the upper spring vein. Radiologic dosage allowed to detect pathological processes in the middle, the stages of their extension and the importance of the boundary for the other exchange therapy. In case of SVPV, a computer tomography is carried out in a complementary manner with contrasts, so that it will be possible to clarify the contours of the chubby process, the steps of the development of lymphatic universities in the middle. Doppler ultrasound for sleepy supraclavicular veins in children differential diagnostics mіzh thrombosis and obstruction of the disease. It is not recommended to introduce radio-contrast abnormalities into the vein of urozhenoj kintzivka through a high risk of extravasation. However, in okremikh vipadki to carry out phlebography for detecting localization of that stage of the deterioration of the passage of the upper empty vein. Phlebography appears to be cinnamon for differential diagnostics of the forehead and postasudal character of the lesion, nutritional information about operability, the significance of the length of the affected segment.

Likuvannya.

It is optimal to find out what the reasons are for the SVPV and the development of symptoms of progress. Mayzhe in half of the SVPV vypadkіv develop before the diagnosis. At the same time, it is necessary to be cared for, so that a vicious process is assigned, so that the camp is given, with the key to successful therapy, and in the event of serious damage and in a life-threatening state, it is permissible to have an ear of abuse without detecting the main problem. Methods of clinical visits with SVPV abatement of pathological symptoms. However, tse is not the main meta of the sick. It is necessary to remember that more than 50% of the cases of SVPV are potentially severely ill, such as disease cancer of the legacy, non-Hodgkin's lymphoid and germogenic fluff. Quite simply, the presence of SVCS in some pre-existing cases has become an agreeable prognostic factor for disease-free cancer and is uncomfortable for non-nutritive cancer of this type of localization. Emergency symptomatic go straight to the trouble of a sick life, it’s necessary to smell it, so that you don’t need to take care of it in a legend, to eliminate the lack of weakness of the upper empty wind and health of the organs of the middle. In addition to calmness, posture, oxygen therapy, one can know tracheostomy, intubation, the introduction of proto-domiciliary functions. Shown the consumption of diuretics and corticosteroids. Promenade therapy with great fractions is a highly effective method for treating SVPV, especially in case of non-cerebral cancer of the leg. The efficiency of the reach is 70-90%. Oprominennya breast cell guilty to repair yakomog earlier. Conducting non-flexible exchange therapy is necessary in case of dyshnoy deficiency (including stradorny dichanna), for example, in case of manifestation of symptoms in the side of the central nervous system. Chemotherapy in the capacity of the first line is more beautiful to carry out with the presence of fluff, sensitive to cytostatics (lymphoproliferative illness, maloma, germogenic fluff, cancer of milk and pre-churia). Combined therapy (chemotherapy and exchange therapy) is indicated for patients with multiple disease, lymphoproliferative disease. However, one-hour chemotherapy and exchange therapy is often tied to an increase in the number of acceleration (dysphagia, neutropenia), which is more efficiently combined therapy (a combination of cytostatic drug use, and more suppression). Treatment with anticoagulants or fibrinolytic drugs is indicated for venous thrombosis. Even the drugs are not guilty of being recognized in a standard way, with the blame of quiet symptoms, if during phlebography thrombosis of the upper empty vein is diagnosed, or there are signs of polyphenia when used by other methods.

- the whole complex of symptoms, how to develop in the case of impaired blood circulation in the system of upper empty venous and impairment of the flow of venous blood from the upper vesicles of the tulub. To serve as the classic signs of the syndrome of the upper empty vein: cyanosis; puffiness of the head, shoulders, upper flakes, upper half of the breast; enlargement of pediatric veins; sluggishness, hoarseness, cough and іn. It is not uncommon to develop zagalomozkovі, ochnі, hemorrhagic manifestations. Diagnostic algorithm can include X-ray examination of OGK, venocavography, CT and MRI of the breast, ultrasound scan, mediastinoscopy, thoracoscopy with biopsy. With the syndrome, endovascular balloon angioplasty and stenting, thrombectomy, resection of the SVC, bypass surgery, palatal swelling with decompression of the middle may not be visible.

Country houses

With the syndrome of the upper empty vein (SVPV), abo kava-syndrome, there is a second pathological stan- dom, an accelerated disease, tying to the damaged organs of the middle. The basis of cava syndrome is extravasal compression or thrombosis of the upper empty vein, which can damage the venous blood from the head, shoulder girdle and upper half of the tulub, which can lead to life-threatening acceleration. Syndrome of the upper empty vein is 3-4 times more likely to develop in patients of the cholovic status at the age of 30-60 years. V CLINIC PRACTICE With the syndrome of the upper empty vein, it is reported to people in the field of thoracic surgery and pulmonology, oncology, cardiohirurgia, phlebology.

The upper empty vein (UWV) grows in the middle middle. Vona is a thin vessel, dripping with schilny structures - chest wall, Aorta, trachea, bronchi, lanceolum lymph nodes. The peculiarities of the ERW budovia and topography, as well as the physiologically low venous grip, make it easier to diagnose the obstruction of the magistral judgment. Through the ERW, the roof is extended to the head, shoulder, upper shoulder girdle and upper chest. The upper void vein has a system of anastomoses, which can function as a compensatory function when the SVC is damaged. However, venous colaterals cannot replace the SVC. With the syndrome of the upper empty vein, the grip in the pool can reach 200-500 mm of water. Art.

causes of SVPV

The development of the syndrome of the upper void vein can be caused by the onset of pathological processes: extravasal compression of the SVC, puffy infection of the SVC or thrombosis. In 80-90% of cases of non-mediated causes of cava syndrome, there is cancer of the leg, importantly right-handed localization (malignant lymphoma, flat lactic acidosis, adenocarcinoma); lymphogranulomatosis, lymphoiditis; metastasis to breast cancer, prostate cancer and yuchka cancer in the middle; sarcoma і ін.

In some cases before the EPV compression, there may be good middle swelling (bones, Tim), fibrous mediastinitis, aortic aneurysm, constrictive pericarditis, infectious disease, tuberculosis: (syphilis) Syndrome of the upper empty vein can be associated with thrombosis of SVC, which develops on the trivial catheterization of the vein with a central venous catheter, or in other electrodes of the electrocardiostimulator.

SVCS symptoms

Clinically, manifest the syndrome of the upper empty vein of the accumulation of venous clutch in the vessels, the roofs of which are normally seen through the SVC or the permanent vena. On the turn of the manifestations, the fluidity of the development is injected into the syndrome of the upper empty vein, the level and the steps of impaired blood circulation, the adequacy of the collateral venous flow. The most common type of interruption, the syndrome of the upper void vein can be progressively progressive (with compression and infection of the SVC) or we are hospitable (with thrombosis of the SVC).

There is a classic tradition, which characterizes the syndrome of the upper empty vein, including the swelling, cyanosis and enlargement of the superficial veins on the face, shoulder, upper bones and upper half of the tulub. Patients can turbuvati zadishka in calm, attack of breath, hoarseness, dysphagia, cough, chest pain. Significant symptoms will be accepted in the position of the patient, which is why the ailments are taken into the bed while they are sitting. In the third type, stridor, laryngeal obstruction and obstructive obstruction dikhalnyh nobles.

accelerating

Often, with the syndrome of the upper empty vein, nasos, legenevs, bleeding strains develop, venous hypertension and the development of stunted walls of the vessels.

Damage to the venous outflow from the emptying of the skull can lead to the development of cerebral symptoms:

  • headache
  • noise in the head
  • sleepiness
  • Integrity and loss of quality.

At the connection with the impaired function of the gory and auditory nerves, the following can develop:

  • diplopia
  • bilateral exophthalmos
  • lacrimation
  • eyestrain
  • reduction of state property to Zoru
  • rumors hallucinations

diagnostics

The physical condition of the patient with the syndrome of the upper void veni reveals the swelling of the veins, the widening of the hemispheres of the venous veins on the breasts, the red blood or cyanosis of the individual, the swelling of the upper half of the tulub. In case of suspicion for the syndrome of the upper void vein, all ailments are shown roentgenologic coverage - X-ray of the chest cell in two projections, tomography (computer, spinal, magnetic resonance). In some cases, for the identification of localization and turn of venous obstruction, they are released before phlebography (venokavagrafii).

CT scan of the breast tissue. Rise of the ringing of the education of the upper empty vein for the growth of sprouting in the middle of the middle due to the increase in difficulties with the flow of venous blood from the head and upper edges

With the method of differential diagnosis of SVC thrombosis and obstruction of the disease, USG of sleepy and supraclavicular veins is shown. Inspection of the face-to-face bottom by an ophthalmologist allows the vivacity and enlargement of the veins of the suture, the bulge of the peripapillary region, the congestive disc of the nerve. When the internal grip is impeded, the adjustment can be made.

For the purpose of determining the causes of the syndrome of the upper void and verifying the morphological diagnosis, it is possible to carry out bronchoscopy with biopsies and sampling of sputum; analysis of phlegm for atypical cells, cytological pre-examination of industrial waters from bronchial tubes, biopsies of lymphatic institutes (prestigious biopsies), sternal puncture with pre-mediated micrograms. If necessary, a diagnostic thoracoscopy, mediastinoscopy, mediastinotomy or parasternal thoracotomy for revision and biopsy of the middle can be tested.

Differential diagnostics of cava syndrome should be carried out due to congestive heart failure: in case of syndrome of the upper empty veins of the peripheral embryos, hydrothorax, ascites.

lykuvannya SVPV

Symptomatic treatment for the syndrome of the upper empty vein is aimed at the development of functional reserves in the body. This includes the sign of low-salt activity, inhalations acid, diuretics, glucocorticoids. For the establishment of the cause, the development of the syndrome of the upper empty vein, the transition of the pathogenetic reaction.

So, with the syndrome of the upper empty vein, accumulated on cancer of the leg, lymphoid, lymphogranulomatosis, metastases of fluffy localizations, polychemotherapy and exchange therapy are carried out. The development of the syndrome of the upper empty vein with viclicano thrombosis of the SVC, thrombolytic therapy is indicated, thrombectomy is performed, in some cases - resection of the segment of the upper empty vein with replacements of resected homologous veins.

In case of extravasal compression of the ERV, radical involvement can include an increased visibility of middle swelling, visible mediastinal lymphocytes, thoracoscopic vision good stuff middle, visible brush middle and in. In the face of the ill-will of a radical operation, it’s going to be palatial surgical engagement, Let's straighten on the venous flow: visualization of middle swelling with the help of decompression, bypass shunt, through endovascular balloon angioplasty and stenting of the upper empty vein.

forecast

Evidently, the results of the treatment of the syndrome of the upper empty vein lie down, the first for everything, in the main ailment and the possibilities of this radical treatment. Usunennya reasons to lead to the disappearance of the manifestation of the kava syndrome. gostre stretching Syndrome of the upper empty vein can be affected by the death of a sick person. With the syndrome of the upper empty vein, amused by the neglect of the oncological process, the prognosis of unpleasantness.

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