Applied criminology. The number of cycles of sciences is not permanent, the development of criminology and the number of sciences is possible, but it is possible to correlate with the development of the theory of the state and the law and of the world's legal disciplines.

Already from the knowledge of the subject of criminology, it is clear that the science is interdisciplinary, that is, it is closely linked with the actions of the other sciences. The science of legal and social in a broad sense of the word.

Persh for everything is clear in the discussion of criminology with legal sciences. At the first place here is the link between criminology and criminal law.

І criminal law, і criminology vivchayut malice and malignity. A little bit of a stinky smell. Crimean law is the science of verdict for inflicting maladjustments. To that і malice won іt vivchaє from juridical positions іt іѕ an understanding і sukupnіst sign (warehouse) of a singing act of counter-right behavior. It is a critical right of a person to be punished, to be imposed by a court for inflicting a malignity, on how to fix and fit a certainty of the situation, on the basis of the principle of punishment and on the basis of judgment.

It is a critical right not to turn to quiet things, go to people, to overwhelm evil; Do not bezposeredno do not refer to the causes of malice and think about taking the wrongdoings. And the specialness of evil is created in the criminal law until the understanding of the sub is of evil, which is characterized in the main by two powers: vik and condemnation (plus signs of the so-called special sub'ect). Beyond the boundaries of criminal law there are social, moral and psychological specialties of evil. Ale all those who are not included in the subject of criminal law, as if criminologists are citing, the mechanism of evil behavior and the cause of the wrong development of podіy.

The organizational link of criminology with the criminal law of the field is in the fact that the criminal law is the basis of the boundary, the framework of the subject of criminology. Also, the change of evil deeds is initiated by the criminal code. And the same tse colo dian and vivchaєtsya criminology.

Criminology is closely tied to the science of the criminal process, which includes the procedure for prior examination and the ship's inspection. In criminal procedural legislation, there is a direct ordering: the next, the prosecutor, the court of the goiter on the skin criminal right to find out the reasons and think, how to take into account the mischief, and the propagation of the visit.

Another legal science is criminalistics, which is the methodology, technology and tactics of dealing with malignancies. Krimіnalіstika vikoristovuє cі vіdomostі for the development of nybіlsh effective methods Opening of items. The criminology and the theory of operatively-destructive performance are not vague, as there is the possibility of evoking malignity in the singing sense of the "middle" behind the help of special tasks and methods.

Criminology is tied to the criminal law, which implies the principle and the recognition and punishment. Bagato zlochiniv to fight in the times of letting go of the will, for the persons who went out of the link, that the interaction of criminologists and fauns with the criminal-viconaural law is great.

Є Another number of sciences, as you want to bring to the cycle of legal. Tse ship statistics, ship medicine and ship psychiatry. And with them, criminology is without contact. So, there is a wide variety of ship statistics. And the development of court psychiatrists supplements the criminology of the field more and more about the particularity of the specialty of the older categories of malignants.

In the course of the development of criminal science, proposals were made to expand the subject for the development of sums of malignant manifestations (social anomalies): alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, suicide, etc. Ale took the mountain to the point of view, so that she would surround the subject of crime only with the analysis of malignancy. Tim himself protected and changed the links with the legal sciences.

Ale, as it was meant, criminology is not less tightly tied to the sciences, but not to conceal legal directness. First for all the social science, as well as the suspension in the process of its function. In sociology є kіlka vіdgaluzhen: sociology of family, sociology of pratsi, sociology of sports and in. Criminology by and large can be called sociological malignancy. It’s quite impressive: as in Russia criminology is taught in law universities, then the Anglo-American tradition of polyagus in viclian criminology at the faculties of sociology.

It is also possible to draw on the tight link between criminology and legal psychology, the subject of which is the inner life of people, their behavior in nature and suspensions. By and large it is possible to call criminology, or a part of psychology.

Also, with the interconnection of criminology and the summaries of sciences, it comes to the point that science is complex in nature. Vaughn is on the stick of jurisprudence from sociology and psychology and vikoristic knowledge of all cycles and sciences.

It is impossible not to imply that the middle of fahivts in the hallucination of criminal law is a point of view, as I will forbid the facts of the validity and development of scientific science not only the self-importance of criminology is the essence of the hypothetical science, the allegorical science Tsі vchenі vvazhayut, scho criminology is a part of criminal law or a part of sociology. In our opinion, the turns of such glances are in the middle of the 1920s, if the food about the causes of evil in socialism has been revisited "more, definitely and residual." There are few short, few goiters to knit zaklik_v within the framework of vchenya about evil in the criminal law could be finished. Now, the judgment seems to be anachronistic. Criminology, її visnovka allow much greater intelligence of the іnstitute of criminal, criminal-law, procedural law, criminalistics, in general practice of combating evil and this does not accept the theory of science;

Criminology has gone out of criminal law (if you can talk about those who have gone out of foreign sociology, it’s a point of view, like, before speaking, to talk about "medical criminology" and other kinds of evil vcheni special features, bring your own into the problem), ala, viyshovshi, won’t take away the power of vlasny development. Having become independent, it lost itself closely related to criminal law, and to other legal sciences, as well as sociology, philosophy and medicine, especially psychiatry, and a number of other sciences. In the minds of the smart development and differentiation of the agricultural sciences, there is a spilny root, a whole natural phenomenon.

The methodological basis of criminological dosages consists of three groups of methods: scientific methods; methods and acceptance, borrowing of criminology from such sciences as sociology, psychology, psychiatry, biology, physiology and іnshi; vlsne criminological methods, or tools.

Prior to the first group of methods, the following should be established:

• * From the abstract to the concrete;
• * Hypothesis;
• * Systemic structural analysis;
• * Porivnyannya;
• * Dynamical and statistical methods.

It is also from the scientific methods of knowledge in criminology to vikoristovyutsya abstraction, modeling, analysis, synthesis and in.

To the group of methods that are suspected of criminology from the first sciences, there is a statistical method, an interview, a questionnaire method, testing, sociometry, caution, expert assessment, experiment, documentary method and in. Submitting reports on the statistical method, which is allowed to present in figures:

• * All-purpose characteristics of the camp of malignancy in general throughout the country, in the regions, in the surrounding settlement and in;
• * Laws of development of malignancy in the land (regions), dynamism;
• * Warehouse of zlochintsy for social and demographic and other signs, such as criminal law and criminological significance (article, vik, the number of young people, etc.);
• * Naybіlsh characteristic, stіyky and regularities of communication between malignant and other social phenomena;
• * Necessary material, which can serve as a basis for identifying the reasons and minds, allowing for the growth of maliciousness, as well as for predicting and developing specific visits for prevention;
• * Dani, which characterize criminal law, administrative law, go in in pouring, how to get stuck to the point, with the method of optimizing and improving efficiency.

At the same time, the statistical method of the year is not taking off the proper development. The reasons for the whole decal, the most important of them are the offensive.

• 1. Science literature has a causal inheritance before the introduction of such a social phenomenon, like malignity as a whole. What is the pass before the end of the journey? As a sign, malignity is a priceless number of malignancies, which are lost on the given territory for a specific period of an hour. Seemingly, it’s skinny wickedness for specific reasons, minds, and the meaning of life. In exactly the same way, for the malignancy of a social phenomenon itself, one can see the reasons for that, think about the situation. The logic of this world is optimal for the hour, the knowledge is obvious, and now it’s true for the hour. Today it is absolutely obvious that evilness is not simpler than poor evil, who are dying for a given period of time for a specific period of an hour, but the first for all this system, as in all the world, to develop for singing, unavoidable for people, laws that are free of will.
• 2. Everyday database of statistical data, which allows widespread use of information. Seemingly, only since 1985 in our country, the statistics of malignity has become a criticism.
• 3. There is a shortage of computers and new software products, as well as a great amount of information (I will hand it over to it practically unwise).

Nareshty, the third group of methods in criminological methods, is based on completely criminological methods, or tools, of the most varied types of problems. There are three such methods:

• * Statistics;
• * Typology (abo vivchennya okremogo vipadku);
• * Combination of two methods.

Cycles of criminological reports. Russian vchiens mean a great deal of growth in the approach to typology, for example, the development of a wide range of practices and the practice of their former colleagues. On the thought of our veterans, on the Entry, there is a great respect for the same vivchennya around the fall, at that time, as the last meta of criminological thoughts, explaining that which is the most negative phenomenon and the revolving of recommendations for the prevention of cysts. The work of criminology can be divided into theoretical and practical ones. It is also important to differentiate the goals of the best, the most promising and the best. All the goals, naturally, are guilty of looking at the positions of one and the same, altogether from the general concretization.

With the re-insurance of the goal of criminology, it is possible to create a new knowledge, as well as:

• * Otrimannya vіdovіrnyh vіdomosti about all those who store the subject of criminology;
• * Scientific explanation and forecasting of criminological manifestations;
• * Otrimannya sutta information about the causes of mischief, as it can be a vicoristan when visiting, direct to the forefront of new mischief;
• * Appraisal of the foreign policy for the development of science, i.e., the analysis of the obvious directions, which were broken down in the Radiansky period, the preservation of valuable scientific ideas and ideas from the dogmatic ones, and the creation of the truth;
• * Introduced into practice the results of theoretical studies, especially in the part of forecasting and planning (conducting criminological examinations, etc.);
• * Vyvchennya and vikorstannya of international awareness of the fight against evil. Here it is important to consider the analysis of international legal documents, the achievements of science, including criminological, participation in international organizations, such as Interpol, associations of political conferences and conferences.

There are three main functions:

• * I am empirical, if not, if the glimpse of the glorious person is against that process;
• * I will theoretically, or explain, if the presenter is pragne z'yasuvati, to whom the process of doing this is the same, and not inakshe;
• * I predict, if a presenter pragmatically glances into the future and development of the prospects for the development of a pre-sentient manifestation, the process, as well as the possibility of positive influx into them.

At the same hour, deyakі vіtchiznyaniі vchenі trochі іnakše classify the function of criminology. For example, on the thought of Professor A.I. Alekseva, criminology, viconu, nasty functions:

• * I will describe;
• * I will explain;
• * For the forecastє;
• * Ideological;
• * Practical and re-creative.

The methodology of criminology is concerned with the materialistic day and the dialectical nature of interaction. Russian scholars have learned from the past and earlier, only to the point of view of the given name - dialectical and historical materialism as two sides of the Marxist-philosophical. The methodology of the old people is found in the correlation of deposits in the fact that they rely on respect for the subject of criminology. One step is not to be spared here, as it will be explained to a number of criminological schools about what kind of thing is. However, with a greater detailed examination of the age, it was astonishing, it is not surprising, it is foreign to it, it is the same and the philosophical categories: the country, especially and the one; necessary and vipadkov; zmist і form and ін. By such a rank, it is necessary to note that there are no special differences in the methodology of the country.

Criminology is an independent social and legal science. In the її subject to enter, in a persistent way, malignancy, її dayliness, regularity and form will manifest. With many understanding of evilness, they want to see the real factors of social action, and not legal constructions like, for example, a warehouse of evil.

In a different way, criminology vivchaє prokhodzhennya, rounds of evilness, її reason, think that іnshi determіnanti. With a whole lot of development for their dzherelami, wickedness, the mechanism of determination of malignancy, one hundred percent vivchayutsya: b) up to їх we will limit species (groups, categories); c) before individual acts of malignant behavior.

Thirdly, the subject of criminology includes the specialty of zlochintsya. The vision of the specialness of evil due to the efforts of the mass of people is based on two main criteria: psychological and mental qualities, including anti-group directing or organization). The focus of criminology on preventive, before the juvenile, go to the top of the establishment to fight against evil, think about the need to evolve the science of science and quietly, as anti-corruption has not broken the law altogether

a signal, so the calls were manifested, for example, in the eyes of the general administration of the right-wing adversary, there might be things on the evil way.

Quarterly, criminology vivchaє the problem of averting malignancy is a specific area of ​​social regulation, management and control, which has a great aggravated character and is able to fight against malignant persuasion for all the wickedness of children.

The elements of the subject of criminology are seen not only by science. For example, malignancy can be done to the respect of sociologists in the case of their previous social experiences; the problem of the special nature of the problem of the order of criminological tools, operational and operational aspects; nourishment, tied to the wickedness of the wickedness of the sign of the wickedness of the wickedness, to the wickedness of the wickedness, etc.

The specifics of the criminological approach to the knowledge of the fact that the subject of the whole science is in the offensive: criminology vivchay malignity and connection with it is a socially legal reality. For her, the most characteristic is the widest and last sociological development to the prelude to malignancy, a person of malignancy. In general, it is seen, for example, from the science of criminal law, because I have "my" sociology, but in general respect for the analysis of legal norms, the provision of criminal law about evil, punishment. At the same hour, criminology as a science of social and legal does not take into account the legal characteristics of maliciousness, evil and evil. In general, it is seen, for example, from the quiet distribution of sociology, which is the way to social awareness, and in the middle of them - malignity.

The specifics of the criminological knowledge of the field is also in the fact that in the new one to avoid turns, the emphasis on the causal explanation of the preliminaries by the science of social and legal phenomena and processes. In general, the development and development

Criminology is connected with such an approach to the struggle against evil, and when on the first place, the development of an increase in the social negative phenomenon is put on the table. The general theory, the concept of perverting evilness, becomes the prerogative of criminology. Nareshty, criminology, on the basis of the names of those other legal sciences, take part in the development not only of the legal ones, but of those who are behind the quick approach of the foremost malignities: social-economic, cultural-economic.

The order of scientific methods (formal logic, analysis and synthesis, analysis and deduction, analogy, modeling, etc.) experiment. An important role in criminological preliminaries is played by statistical analysis, and the first for all criminal statistics.

U ^ Adachi criminology think about everything in the discarded reliable knowledge about all those things that are in the warehouse. Tsya science viyavlya, physical facts of social action (so chi іnkshe tied to the evidence of malignity), depicting the power of those characteristics, giving the scientific description. Distant, open on the basis of empirical data and theoretical provisions for the explanation of pre-existing objects, spawning, establishing the laws of malice, for reasons, the formation of the peculiarity of malignancy, functions of improving the malignancy of the system Vivchayuchi tendencies, the prospect of changing criminological significant phenomena and processes, and science also predicts the future of the future and the transition. The nationality of criminology on the science of grounding systems and entering the prevention of maliciousness allows you to also talk about practical re-creative functions.

Criminology is a complex science to put at the service of fighting against malignancy until the end of the bagatokh knowledge, which is tightly linked.

basis of criminology, with the introduction of all that, the warehouse is a subject, broadly victorious laws, categories and understanding of philosophy. Criminology and sociology is tied, especially applied, as vivchaє zmist, form will manifest the mechanism of the laws of the function of the suspension, one hundred percent to the other spheres of life in the ages of the historical. The link between criminology and economic science begins with a part of the phenomena and processes that determine the malignity, overloading in the sphere of economics, apparently, the important role of playing the economics is important. The same can be said about the politics of the urahuvannya of the fact that criminogenic officials are aware in the sphere of political incidents, and in advance of malignancy become an important part of the policy of fighting against it. The data of psychological science may be of particular importance for the advancement of sub-active reasons and minds of evil, the person of the law-enforcer, the motivation and the mechanism of individual malign behavior, as well as for the development of important aspects of criminal science. According to the vicarious state of affairs and education in pedagogy, there are determinants of malignancy, tied with shortcomings, unwelcoming minds the formulation of specialness in the family, schools. One of the main characteristics of the specialty of the bagatokh zlochintsyv is the moral and pedagogical zanedbanst. Allowing for the advancement of pedagogy, criminologists razroblyayut vikhovny, come in pouring on the right-hand man. The revelation of the singular infusion of demographic processes on the malignity of the connection between criminology and demography. The process of mathematization of science as a whole has clamped down on the expansion and improvement of links in criminology and mathematics. Criminology is linked with other non-legal sciences, for example, with cybernetics, genetics, futurology, etc.

The tight link between criminology and criminology is practically all legal sciences, especially those that refer to the so-called criminal

a cycle of criminal and criminal law, criminal process and criminalistics. The price of wine from the essence of criminology as a social and legal science, to win and develop in the interests of fighting against evil. Control nutrition and supervision

1 Scho vivchak criminology?

2. Who has the specifics of criminological approach to the establishment of malignancy?

3. What are the methods of vicariousness in criminological predictions?

4 Functions of Criminology /

5. Criminology is tied to some sciences? (Open the meaning and the change in the number of sounds).

The basics of organizing.

Criminology is presented in the quality of science and primary discipline. Nutrition about the ability to criminology as a hallucination of law, as well as about the manifestation of independent criminological legislation є disputable.

Criminology was formulated as a science discipline for the development of the causal complex of the social and legal manifestation of malignancy and for the prevention of malignant behavior.

Criminology of malignancy as a system of malignancies in the singing suspension, specialness of malignancy, causes of malignancy and predominance of malignancy. Remaining the warehouse of the subject of criminology - criminological prophylaxis will instantly start in the capacity of a plant and a meta of criminology.

The formulation of criminology is based on the knowledge of science in terms of legal, social and natural character.

Criminology is a science. Subject and method of criminology

Criminology originated in the role of an independent scientific direct in the end of the 19th century. on the stick of criminal law, psychiatry, criminal statistics and sociology. The term "criminology" resembles the Latin term crimen - wickedness and walnut logos - vchennya. It is better to look at criminology as a science, but it is more negative than a mass socially legal phenomenon, but it turns out to be a statistical phenomenon of people in a suspension of malignancies. Heads of criminology have learned at the presentation of malice and specialties of malignant behavior and minds of malignant behavior (malignancy) for the development of scientific recommendations for the prevention of malignancy. Based on criminal and legal categories, criminology is quite often derived from criminal law. The heads of the criminal law have been punished for those who have done wrong, so that the criminology has tried to solve the problem of overcoming the mischief.

Accepted vid_lyati chotiri warehouse subject of criminological science. 1. Malignancy is a negative, maso, historically minlive socially legal phenomenon, which circulates in the totality of all malignancies, which are in the singing suspension during the singing period. 2. The peculiarity of malignancy is the supremacy of social-demographic, psychological and psychophysiological authorities, luring large individuals, which are responsible for malignancy, and take the form of criminal behavior. 3. A complex of criminal determinants, such as the supremacy of social, biological and psychological processes and phenomena, which generate malignity as their inheritance. 4. Criminological prophylaxis as a system of state and large visits, directing on the cause and mind of malice for neutralization and minimization of the flow.

In the foreign criminological doctrine, in the subject of criminology in the process of an independent block, they include viktimology - the science about the victims and behavior of victims of malignancies, the institutions of which to enter into the process of training and systematization of the process

Criminology vikory is even more abundant in specific scientific methods, rich in some suspicions from sociology - a method of learning, guarded and instilled. Krym tsiy widely vikoristovyutsya methods of exact sciences - statistical, modeling. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, historical, theoretical and insightful methods.

History of Criminology

Criminological preliminaries were formulated into an independent scientific one directly in the middle - end of the 19th century, but also in the Italian school of anthropological character. In the development of criminology, two schools played a special role - anthropological and sociological. The basis of the anthropological school (F. Gall, C. Lombroso, E. Ferri, R. Garofalo) was based on the statement about the extremely biological (recessive) behavior of malignant behavior, it is practically impossible not to be vicious. The malignant specialty is small of stigmatization, which allows it to be significant and to make it easier for them to consume the suspicion of all sorts of people. Another straightforward social science (A. Quetelet, A. Lacassagne, Kolaianni, G. Tarde, E. Durkheim), the basis for which was the statement about the socially similar behavior of malignant behavior as a reaction to suspicious rubbing and problems. As a result of the reorganization of malignity, the efficiency of reforming the suspension was lost. As a result of the development of psychoanalysis, formulate the third psychological directly in criminology, as it is not possible to look at it as something independent, but in the quality of the continuation of the anthropological. In the current doctrine of the great powers, the emphasis is on the biosocial lines.

In Russia, the formation of criminology as an independent scientific discipline was brought to fruition, since the revolution of 1917 r.

From the revolution of 1917, in Radianskiy Russia, the offices of malignity and malignancy were recognized, in 1925 they were admitted to the State Institute for the cultivation of malignancies and malignancies. The period of criminology in Russia is linked to the names of M.N. Gernet, A.A. Gertzenon, A.A. Pіontkovskogo, E.N. Tarnovsky, A.S. Shlyapochnikova and іnshih. However, from the middle of the 30s of the XX century, the statistical data of the bully was classified, the State Institute was reorganized, the criminological sciences were reorganized. The revival of Radian criminology was introduced in the period of the 50s, however, the statistical data of prodovuvaly became classified as classified, the main criminological reports were carried out with the stamp “for service clerk”.

In 1961, the first monograph was published from the period of the birth of A.B. Sakharova "About the person of evil and the cause of evil in the SRSR." In 1963, the All-Union Institute for Vyvchennya reasons and deviations for the prevention of malignancy as a criminological institution in the SRSR. The roster of the fundamentals of Radianskoy Criminology is being reviewed. The most significant robots are A.A. Gerzenson "Actual Problems of Radianskoy Criminology". Being the founder of the new radian criminology, A.A. Herzenon, at the same time, looked at the її yak of criminal sociology. In 1963 r in the MDU im. M.V. Lomonosov experimentally reading the primary course "Criminology", as if at once є the basic discipline of the primary legal education. In 1966 he was the first handler "Kriminology". The development of the theoretical foundations of criminology should be reviewed, in which I will take an active part in the prominent sciences, pedagogical and practical activities of the Radiansky Union: V.N. Kudryavtsev ("Vibrani pratsi s sotsialnykh nauk" and in.), G.M. Minkovskiy ("Osobistіst zlochintsya" and ін.), І.І. Karpets ("Malignity: Illusions and Reality" and in.), N.F. Kuznatsova ("Malice and malice", "Problems of criminological determinations", "Modern bourgeois criminology" and in.), V.V. Misyatsi ("Malignity of the XX century: light, regional and Russian trends", "Course of light and Russian criminology" and other), And also a lot of others.

Prior to the main advances in criminology of the Radiansky period, the development of the causal complex of malignancy, the motivation of malignant behavior, the specialness of malignancy, the prognosis of malignancy, prevention of malignancy.

In the current period there is a further development of the scientific criminological thought. Prior to the main strains of modern criminology, it is considered: the development and anti-organization of malignancy, terrorism, economic malignity, corruption, cyber-malice, malignity of incomplete and inappropriate. In the current period of time, the already named earlier mentions of V.N. Burlakova, A.I. Dolgova, Y.I. Gilinsky, S.M. Inshakova, K.K. Goryainova, E.F. Pobegailo, L.I. Romanov, A.L. Repetsky, D.A. Shestakova and bagatokh іnshikh. Russia has two great criminological community organizations: Russian Criminological Association (President - Doctor of Law, Professor A.I.Dolgova) and International (St. Petersburg) Criminology Club (President - S.

Criminology yak basic discipline

The basic discipline of criminology has apparently gradually moved into the complex of basic basic disciplines of high legal education.

In the SRSR, the first course "Criminology" was read in 1963 and became a common subject of the most important legal education in our country. In the course of the course, the students are guilty of learning criminology, the main signs of malignancy, the basic characteristics of malignancy, the basic characteristics of malignancy, the systemic character of malignancy, understanding and the main typology of malignancy, the main signs of malignancy In criminology as a primary discipline, there is a clear understanding of the local and special parts. At the headquarters of criminology, the basic provisions of criminology, subject matter, history and basic criminological methods are taught. Students who are guilty of ruling out the tips for storing criminological methods, independently carry out awkward criminological dosages. In a special part of criminology, the main types of evilness are evolved - rapist evilness, malignity of malignity, terrorism, mainstream, nonprotective, economical, organized and organized and insignificant kind of malignancy.

In the foreign lands, criminology as a primary discipline can be included in the program of educational sociological education (USA), legal (most of the European powers) or medical education. Criminology in foreign countries does not depend on a general discipline for the purposes of the USSR and the Russian Federation.

Criminology yak galuz of legislation

On the basis of legal disciplines (criminal, civil law), criminology is traditionally not considered as a galuz of law. This is a complex science discipline, which is on the stick of science and science straightforwardly.

The Russian Federation has a criminological legislation, to which criminological norms are included in a lot of normative acts (for example, the Federal Law "On anti-terrorism"). In terms of normative acts of criminological nature, it is possible to call programs of prevention and prevention of malignancies and anti-community manifestations, however, the specificity of such normative acts does not allow talking about criminology and about galuza rights. At the same time, a number of authors get to know thoughts about the independence of criminological hallucinations of legislation.

recommended literature

1. Criminology: Navch. / Pid ed. N.F. Kuznotsovo, V.V. Luneeva. 2nd ed., Revised. і add. - M., 2004.

2. Criminology: Navch. / Pid ed. V.N. Kudryavtseva and V.N. Eminova. 4th ed., Revised. і add. - M., 2009.

4. Criminology: Navch. / Pid ed. A.I. Borg. 4th ed., Revised. і add. - M., 2010 rock.

5. Criminology: Navch. for universities / ed. V.N. Burlakova and N.M. Kropacheva. - SPb., 2003.

6. Criminology: Navch. checker / sciences. ed. N.F. Kuznetsov. 2nd ed., Revised. і add. - M., 2010 rock.

7. Private criminology / vidp. ed. YES. Shestakov. - SPb., 2007.

8. Criminology / ed. D.F. Sheli. 3rd international view. Per. from English - SPb., 2003.

9. Misyatsi V.V. Malignity of the XX century: light, regional and Russian tendencies. 2nd ed., Revised. і add. - M., 2005.

10. Schneider G.Y. Kriminology / per. s nim. - M., 1994.

The very meaning of the subject of criminology is to talk about those who are given the science of vivch, the complex of folding manifestations and, for example, is tied with the other sciences. The science of legal and social in a broad sense of the word.

Persh for everything that can be understood in relation to criminology with legal sciences. Naybilsh tisno criminology is tied to criminal law.

It's a scientific hour of panuvala dumka, but criminology is the central part of criminal law. However, the development of criminology has changed and take a look at the її place in the system of suspended sciences. In a dozen hour, criminology was recognized as an independent galuzzi of scientific knowledge.

The independence of criminological science, as the basic order of the science of criminal law, has been discussed by him, that criminology goes to the development of the problem of maliciousness from the other positions, victorious methods, and the ideas of methodological law. The science of criminal law is criminalized in criminal law and in crime as criminal law and literally, by the head, formally logical, deductive, normative methods. Criminological science is reasonable in fact, as a matter of fact, suspiciously not safe and vivchay, the first for everything, inductive, sociological, statistical and other methods.

The sciences are being developed for the purposes of their achievements. The meta of criminology in the context of the science of criminal law is broad: a reversal of the effectiveness of all (including criminal law) methods and methods, straightened on the step of reducing malice. At the same time, it is necessary to realize that, when developing food, to fight against malignant offenses of science in conjunction and to supplement one one.

Criminology is closely tied to science criminal process, Scho vivchaє procedures for the forefront examination and examination of the ship's criminal records. In criminal procedural legislation, there is a direct ordering: the next, the prosecutor, the court of the goiter on the skin criminal right to reveal the reasons and think, as well as to conceal mischief, and to proclaim it.

The link of criminology criminalistic manifest in a smart way. On one side, the theoretical principles of criminology about the causes and thoughts of specific problems may be of primary importance for the methodology and tactics of investigating problems. From the point of view - criminalistics and disclosure of the reasons and minds of specific evils, so that criminalistics can be broken down successfully in criminology, play a very important role in the prophylactic rectification of malignancies.

Criminology in connection with science criminal law, vivchaє principle and mind the recognition and punishment. Independently of the independence of the rest, the development of sociological and psychological aspects, the determination of the relationship between criminological predictions. The order of criminological advances in the problems of the specialty of malignancy and the mechanism of individual malignant behavior can be of great value for penitentiary practice in the field of organizing malignant robotics and the mechanism of malignant behavior.

criminal statistics providing criminological advances with great factual material about evil and condemnation of individuals, about Skoda, the suspicion of the suspension, about the main social characteristics of the specialness of malignancy, about the right to prophylactic go in, Quite a few statistical data are of no importance for theoretical publicity and visibility, directing them to a thorough fight against malignity. In addition, the statistics put in the order of criminology the system of methods of statistical protection for malignity.

The meaning of criminology and s legal psychology Especially with such її galuzy, as criminal and correct psychology.

At the same time, as it meant a thing, criminology is not less closely tied to the sciences, but it does not mean that it is legal. Persh for everything, tse sociology, Scho vivchaє suspension in the process of its function. Sotsіologіya zbagachuє krimіnologіchnі doslіdzhennya, nadayuchi їm bezlіch sotsіologіchnih doslіdzhen about rozvitok suspіlnih yavisch, about scho vіdbuvayutsya in suspіlstvі strukturnі zmіni, about rozvitok mіgratsії, protsesі urbanіzatsії, about sotsіalnu aktivnіst people about Minds i sposіb їhnogo Zhyttia i t. D. Krіm of krimіnologіya I have put forward the methodology for the follow-up of social phenomena and processes in sociology. On the other hand, criminological data - the cost of the analytical analysis in sociological preliminaries, meta of which - assessment negative infusion malignancy on suspension.

Kriminology is actively vikoristovuє reaching psychology,її Rіznykh galuzey. Theoretical attitudes and empirical preliminaries of extravagant and social psychology are necessary for the development of all special features, in order to initiate the mechanism of individual malignant behavior. The development of psychological characteristics of malignancy as an element of criminological characteristics is unfortunate without being lost in the analysis of emotional, intellectual and, especially, the motivational spheres of particular, such as the beginning of anti-malice, Recognition of the problems of the formulation of the specificity of malignant behavior and the non-mediated cause of the individual malignant behavior is ill-advised without a good analysis of the microsocial malignancies.

The link of criminology economics to manifest itself not only in the case of malignancy in the sphere of economics and malignancy, but in the assessment of material officials in the genesis of social determinations of malignancy, in the development of the system of economic malignancy Dani, otrimati from the spheres of economic, social, cultural and demographic statistics, as well as vikoristoyuyu in criminological advances.

CRIMINOLOGY

Stepanova Iryna Borisivna

CRIMINOLOGY YAK SCIENCE I ЇЇ SUBJECT

1. Understanding and special features of criminology

2. Subject and system of criminology

3. Misce of criminology in systems of sciences

Understanding and special features of criminology

criminology(Vіd Lat. Сrimen - zlochin і Greek. Logos - vchennya) - science, scho vivchaє malignity.

Winning of criminology as an independent science is carried out until 2/2 of the 19th century and will bring together robots of Topinard, Cesare Lambroso, Rafael Garofalo. To get involved, the term "criminology" in scientific research in 1879 was published by Topinard, and in 1885, Garofalo's monograph was published with this name.

In such a rank, the viglyadi self-contained knowledge and concept of fighting against evil criminology is less than 2 centuries old.

However, some of the evidence about the evil and the cause was developed in the nadra of the suspicious-political theory (pratsi of Aristotle, Plato, Cicero, T. Mora, Grotsia, Montesk'є). A special misce - Ch. Bekkaria "About evil and infamous". Until 2/2 of the 19th century, ideas and manifestations did not represent an independent system of science.

Bilsh, now for 2 centuries, look at the evil behavior and know the significant changes.

1. Biological

2. Psychological

3. Sociological

Criminology did not show itself as a single vchenya. Vona included a number of hikes and schools, such as mali science centers in the rural lands of the world.

Until June 1917 in Russia, criminology as an independent science did not fail. The vona was developed within the framework of criminal law, the head rank is represented within the framework of the sociological school of criminal law (zokrem, prof. Gernet). From 1917 to 1917, criminological preliminaries appear. Radianska criminology is considered as a practical way of directing criminal statistics. Under the Central Statistical Office and under the provincial courts, they functioned moral statistics, which were responsible for the malignity, and the reasons for that particular malignancy. Todi is the first institute for the development of malignity and malignancy (functioned until 1935). In 1935, the rotsi criminology was protected as a pseudoscience (right up to the 50s). The revival of criminology was introduced in the 1950s - the ear of the 60s. In 1963, the All-Union Institute for the Prosecution of Causes and Problems in Preventing Maliciousness under the General Prosecutor's Office (іsnu to tsikh пір).

Criminology, I want to refer to the sciences of the criminal cycle, according to the day to see them, that is not purely legal, but social and legal science. Before legal sciences to be recognized, to that, when they are heard, they can deny a characteristic, based on criminal-legal understandings. Allegedly, the subject of criminology does not fit into the framework of legal characteristics, it also belongs to the sphere of sociology (especially when there are reasons for malignancy).

Subject and system of criminology

Vіtchiznyanі vchenі in subjects criminology see 4 groups of social phenomena:

1) maliciousness

2) the specialty of zlochintsya

3) cause and mischief

4) redressing maliciousness

Until recently malignant the reason was the supremacy of the wages, who lived in the territory of the state for the singing period of an hour.

I don’t vlashtovuyuyuyh vchenyh tse, to that, it only only characterizes evilness, does not open її yakіsnyh signs. This is the meaning of evilness.

For example, prof. Shestakov on the spot Negatively, the power of the suspension to create a lot of people who are not safe for the very actions, which will summarize the introduction of criminal legal fences, and are circulating in the flow of crops.

Deviant behavior I do not approve of evil, but rather tightly tied to them (alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, vagabond too - background appearances) are generally not included in the subject of criminology. Criminology of viewing such phenomena is fragmentary in the analysis of the causes of malignancy and the problems of dealing with it.

specialty of zlochintsya- the supremacy of the social-demographic, social-role and moral-psychological powers of the sub'ekta zlochin. Criminology vivchaє to the sociological portrait of a zealot from a law-and-hearing whopper, to the same "Wreckage" in the characteristics shows the deyaki turns of malignancy.

Causes and wickedness - the essence of economic, political, ideological, psychological, organizational and managerial and other manifestations, which generate malignity. Vіtchiznyana criminology go from the postulate, which is the cause of malignancy and suspiciousness.

prejudice to evil- a system of entry, directing to the weakening and neutralization of the reasons and minds of evil, to the reduction of the evil and the correction of the behavior of the law-enforcers. criminology development scientific fundamentals for programs to fight against evil, prepare theoretical models of legal acts in the field of fighting against evil, provide criminological examination of projects in laws.

system of criminology.

During the meeting of the scientific information, they see the home and the special part.

V behind-the-scenes part Criminological phenomena are analyzed as a whole, without seeing the specifics of the surrounding species.

especially chastina so called private criminological theories, how to describe and explain the laws of certain types of malignancy and prototypes. There are theories, which explain the flow on the malignity of the environment, the factors (family - the family of criminology, the economy - the economy of criminology, the crime of crime - the criminopenology, the behavior).

The system of a special part does not belong to the system of a special part of the RF CC. Classification not according to the objective, as in the RF CC, but in the presence of the reasons and the minds of malice: rapist malignity - do not vivchayu not care for malice, or enter into abuse.

Misce of Criminology in the System of Sciences

Dane nourish є discuss. In the rural period, in the other powers, by the original authors, the food was shown in a healthy way.

Anglo-Saxon school vvazhaє criminology galuzzi sociology. The basis for the criminologist is to blame for the sociology, which is victorious in the sociological colleges.

continental doctrine look at criminology yak interdisc ...? mіzh huge and natural sciences.

In Italy shy away from emphasis on biology.

At France- to clinics, in connection with mental health problems.

In Nimechchin- two straight lines - biological and sociological with the rest.

Near the lands of Skhidnoy Europe criminology is brought up to legal sciences: I will establish a law for the cordon of evil, the fight against evil is regulated by such a religion, which does not prevent one from struggling with the other negative manifestations. Apparently, basic є legal science for criminologists.

In the Danish hour in the Russian Federation Criminology is involved in general theoretical science for the higher sciences of the criminal cycle. Tse base for the other sciences, such as vivchayut malignity. Specialization in criminology and cycles of sciences in relation to the relations of TGPs and other legal disciplines. Tsia science is independent, so there is a specific subject and method.

head of criminology.

1) Analytical - the prelude to malignancy, the reasons and minds, the special character of malignancy, the system and the effectiveness of the prevention of malignancy.

2) Prognostic - according to the laws and tendencies of evilness, according to the aggravation of social problems, forecasts will be made about the possibility of developing criminological phenomena.

private scientific methods

1) Sociological methods

Vivchayut appearances in їх concrete manifestation - a specific evil, a specific patience, a specific criminal right.

For example, experience (writing - questionnaire, sleep - interv'yuvannya), caution (for the behavior of the convicted person), experiment, method of expert assessments and analysis of evidence.

2) Statistical methods

Based on naukovo vivchenni new forms statistics.

3) Psychological methods

Vikoristovuyutsya 2 method: testing (to establish special characteristics of the convicts and victims) and sociometry (to establish in the small group).

4) Legal methods

You can see the method of legal knowledge (assessment of the effectiveness of criminal law, criminal procedural, criminal law institutions in other countries).

5) Mathematical methods

For example, mathematical modeling of criminological significant processes, methods of processing and analysis of data, correlation method.

Statistical methods

One of the dzherel criminological information in the form of criminal statistics. The sovereign system of criminal statistics is based on the principle of a single branch of evil (the statistics do not include any evil, so that the FSB and the Vyskovo Prosecutor's Office are investigating it, it is impossible to talk about this principle).

The system of a single area of ​​malice functions since 1965 (earlier, it was not a matter of mischief, but a criminal record, a number of judges).

In the last hour, there are cases of malignancy and convictions in Russia, it is accepted until the special order of some law enforcement agencies is issued on December 29, 2005 "About one oblast of maladies". It is binding for all vocational education institutions, including the FSB and the Viskovo Prosecutor's Office. From the 30s to the 80s, the rock of the house about the badness and performance of the VET was kept secret. The seal of secrecy was taken in 1988. Since 1989, in Russia, statistical books about badness and right-handedness are widely seen in Russia (ale the stench is of a seeming nature).

Criminological information from numerical dzherels should be sent to the Golovny Information and Analytical Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (DIAC MVS RF). The whole center represents the state's statistical office about evilness.

The system of one line of land is based on the offensive principles:

1) Re-establishment of damage for materials of damaged UD, for reasons of failure for unreactive documents.

2) Reconstruction of individuals, who have committed mischief, behind the materials hardened by the prosecutor of the prosecutor's charges or indictments.

3) Ship statistics are carried out on the basis of virocks and solutions.

A collection of information about the malignancy can be found in the documents of the primary domain (statistical cards).

Forms of statistical information:

1) on the spotlight

2) about the results of the investigation

3) on a mischief, for the yakim the person, the yak was punished, it was not installed

4) on a person, the yaka inflicted zlochin

5) about rukh UD

6) about the introduction of material shkodi

7) about the victim

8) ask the court about the results

Statistical methods allow to establish regularities, which manifest themselves not in a specific type, but in a great number of manifestations (for example, Вік вбивц).

Be sure to include statistical data 3 step:

1) statistically less cautious

The collection of the first information from the statistical results, from the materials of the UD, as a result of the experience and in.

2) Conducting and grouping of donations

The first data to be systematized, to be drawn from the gross number, and then to group up for different signs, to be seen in tables, diagrams, diagrams

3 types of groups:

Typological (for specific signs) - the type of evil, the severity of the evil

Variation (for some familiarity) - convicted for conviction, according to the number of convictions

Analytical (arises between malignancy between the pests, which one evolves) - between malignancy and the camp of sp'yaninnya, between malignant and evolving education, and between malignant and sort of occupy

3) Analysis of the selected and grouped tributes for the additional publicity indicators(The regularity of manifestations and interconnections will be established).

publicity indicators

I) COEFITSIONTI - the number of occurrences per 100,000 population

II) Present Indicators - there are 3 types

A)

2) a significant value that characterizes the dynamics - the rate of growth and the rate of increase in malignancy

Rivn row (base)- absolute indicator of malignancy for the singing period.

1991 ... 2005 rik ... 2009

2173074 - basic level for a row 3554735 2994820 - level for a row

pr-iy pr-iy pr-iy

Abs priist 1381661 - 559915

(2173074-3354735)

absolute priority- the difference between the order and the base line.

The pace of evil- price% of the period of the offensive period to the forward baseline.

Tempi Zrostannya

3554735 / 2173074 * 100% = 164%

2994820 / 3554735 * 100% = 84%

pacey growth- price% return of the absolute growth rate of the period to the base level of the series.

pacey growth

1381661 / 2173074 * 100% = 64%

559915 / 3554735 * 100% = -16%

164% - 100% = 64%

84% - 100% = -16%

Rozrakhunks can be done in 3 ways:

1) basis

3) by the method of enlarging intervals

1 - all indicators are varied according to the ratio to the same value, taken as the base

2 - indicators are rooted in terms of value before the front indicator (front rock)

3 - hour long durations last for longer intervals,

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 (I)

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 (II)

Arrows from 1995 to 1991 rock, from one thousand nine hundred and ninety chotiri to 1991 rock, from 1993 to 1991 rock, from 1992 to 1991 - basic method

Lines from 1 995 to 1994 from 1994, to 1993, from 1993 to 1992 rock, from +1992 to 1991 - lance-style

Arrow from II to I - method of enlarging intervals (for example, 1 interval - 4 rocks)

Average tempo for increment (1 interval / 4 = arithmetic mean)

III) Average values ​​- the characteristic of the appearances behind a number of familiarities is considered (middle term of condemnation, middle term l / s).

sociological methods

QUESTIONNAIRE - a letter of experience of the great number of specialties for a specially divided questionnaire.

Overwhelming the questionnaire in the fact that it is quite possible to discard the data, which is not shown in the questionnaire (think of an irregular situation), it is mobile and economical (in a short term and with small vitality, there is a possibility of simpler technical safety, the ability to quickly carry out repeated experiences.

Inadequacies: the questionnaire is not suitable for rejecting certain indications, because the stench has a verbal and sub-active character (vinniy to talk about the behavior of the victim), unrepentant turning of the questionnaires, you can rewrite the entries in the questionnaire through unreasonable, unimportant, unimportant , it is important to enable the possibility of mutually injected when filling in the questionnaire.

Meals, like being victorious in the questionnaires, can be classified:

About facts of svidomosty (thoughts, assessments, plans)

About the facts of behavior (vchinki, children)

About the person of the respondent (article, vik, osvita, semeyny stan)

a) - see (say the respondent is yes in a good form)

Zakriti (a series of ready-made views will be heard)

Chastkovo zakryti

b) - straight (to estimate the answers from the life of the respondent for his or her own behavior)

Indirect (from the side of the respondent)

for the function

Basic (direct from the information about pre-juvenile evidence)

Control (straightened for reconversion of the hope of information, the stipulation of the thought of the experienced)

Zagalny vimogi before the submission of the questionnaire

1) The structure of the questionnaire

Introduced a part (zvernennya to the experienced: hto, how to carry out the doslіdzhennya, the rules for filling in the questionnaire)

Status part (additional food about the respondent's specialty)

The main part (head meals - by topic)

A part has been concluded (the experienced person may be given the opportunity to see the problem - not necessarily)

2) The number of food is to blame for this, so that the registration of the questionnaire did not overwhelm 45 khvili

3) Nutrition in the guilt questionnaire is received in the thematic blocks

4) On the cob of guilt, simple nourishment (nourishment for a call), given - the best nourishment, in kіntsі - simple (the respondent is tired)

Interview

Full-time nutrition, which is carried out in a usn_y form

Interv'yu is a conversation, one of the participants in some of the responses to the food of the person.

perevagi:

1) Yes, you can reach more psychological contact with the respondent. It allows you to seek greater reliability of the results.

2) The whole method is mobile and nasty. The availability of the Interviewer permits the development of food, allowing the coriguvati to go through the conversation, and to accelerate the improvement of every day.

undersized:

1) Conducting an interv'yu laborist, in the great vitrats of the hour, receiving a great number of fahivts.

see Interview:

1. Formalized (standardized) Interview

The basis of such an interval is the details of the breakdown of the feed unit. Interviewer's diy is strictly regulated. Wines of crop knitting do not take long to eat, as in the program of the interval, it is impossible to change the last.

2. Focusuvannya Interview

The power supply unit is an organizer for an intervier, from which you can enter. The formula and the last of the food can be changed in the course of the interval.

3. vilne interv'yu

Become minimally standardized. Interviewer of not dressing is in advance of the preparation of the opituvalnik.

4. The theory has one more form - panel interv'yu.

Multiple interviews with these persons through the singing interval of the hour for the establishment of the dynamics of their glances and thoughts.

CAUTION

Bezposredne rynattya significant for the criminologist of the situation.

see:

1. Simple

2.inclusions

Simple - the presenter passively supports the situation, the behavior of people from the side, he does not take care of himself in the situation.

Included - the glimpse of the group, incognito to be included in it, becoming one of the members, looking at the group from the middle. The sphere of storing the included wary is enclosed.

shortcomings:

1) The sphere of zasosuvannya is enclosed.

2) It is a great vitrati hour for rejecting the amount of evidence that is sufficient for scientific applications.

3) Folding in the group, as well as about the included caution.

4) The appearance of the "crisis of patience" from the side of the object of the vivchennya, as caution is simple. If in a group there are trivial presence of a sposter, there is a general discomfort in a sposter.

perevagi:

1) Cei method of permissiveness about 'active Dani.

EXPERIMENT

Science of delivering dosvid.

experiment- specially organized targets for pouring into the object until it is fixed with the method of fixing it, or behavior in the given minds.

The sphere of storing the experiment is surrounded by the sphere of developing socially positive factors. The experimental stem of criminogenic minds and situations is barred.

Experiments, as a rule, change the legislative changes.

EXPERT ASSESSMENT METHOD

Rejection of thoughts from the supply of scientific and practical workers in the field of struggle against evil.

The whole method is used for detecting latent (unregistered) malignancy, with pre-existing efficiency of norms and institutes of the UP, for predicting malignancy and malignancy.

shortcomings:

1) The assessment of the expert is based on the second sub'єktivnіy dumtsі.

2) It is not easy to find difficult to select a representative group of experts.

ANALYSIS OF DOCUMENTS

In criminology, documents are issued for a specially divided questionnaire. The price is necessary in order to formalize the data. Analysis of UD, materials of practice.

EVIL

1. Understanding and signs of evil

2. Indicators that characterize malignancy

3. Latent malignity: the witness, see, the reasons for the manifestation and methods of manifestation

4. Maliciousness in high industrial powers

5. Characteristics of maliciousness in the Russian Federation

a) History of malice in Russia

b) Characteristics of Russian malignancy on happy stage

signs of evil

1) Pr-t - social phenomenon To that, in the first place, I’m trying to make her a school to introduce deformation into the suspension, ruining the normal functioning of its institutes, in another way, it’s because of social determinants (reasons), by third, that’s how it’s suspensions.

Prof. Shostakiv vvazhaє, which is a sprinkle of pr-th vipliv from the trivial prowess of the people, vashtovanny such a rank, fix it, get rid of vigorous interests. A lively light of motives based on the principles of fighting, destroying, devouring some of the things. The partnership with the system of morality and law is not the vicarious nature of the people, but, moreover, with its unjust attachments, it gives a lot of additional leads for the cultivation of evil. With such a rank, pr-th - not purely social, but socially-biological phenomenon.

2) Pr-th - criminal legal phenomenon(Moscow Criminological School), which is why it’s a matter of days, as it takes place in criminal law.

Prof. Shostakiv zaprechu criminal-legal sign of evil, to that understand evil, as it is given in the UP that the understanding is pr-ty d.b principledly. Criminally legally vibrating, colo suspiciously unsafe deeds are much wider, lower than the number of maladies that are transferred to the CC. For example, Repression. On the thought of the given author, the pr-ma in criminology should be guilty of being suspiciously insecure deeds, nevertheless because of the fact that the stench is fenced off by criminal law. In the first place, we are impressed by the use of criminology. St. Petersburg criminological school vvazhaє, scho pr-th first, and criminal-legal fence second. That is the fact of the introduction of criminal law fence.

3) Pr-t - natural phenomenon So, like, in Perche, there will inevitably be in any bitchy suspension, in a different way, the regularity of development and development.

4) Pr-th - a systemic phenomenon... The price is not simple, because there is a difference between the other types of production in the middle of the society. For example, the growth of drug-related crimes is leading to the growth of other types of pr-nd - the growth of criminals pr-i, the rapist pr-th, huh to stay in the camp of narcotic abuse, the growth is organized by malignancy; as it is growing economically pr-th, growth and organized pr-th. Isnu interconnection between pr-ty with other social phenomena (economics, politics, law, morality).

5) Pr-t - historically minlive phenomenon... The structure is changing on the outskirts of the development of the suspension in fallowness due to the nature of determinants (reasons and minds), as well as due to the power of the stake of evil deeds.

Classical position: pr-ty vinyk, if vinyk is state and right.

Shostakiv: pr-ty іsnu styles, whisks іnu human suspension. In the primordial country, people who have not yet been small in judges and legislation may have conquered a suspiciously satisfactory work.

6) Pr-th - negative phenomenon.

Durkheim: pr-th - a manifestation of the power of the skin healthy suspension, there is a negative, so positive rice. The positive side of the pr-ty polyaga is that the suspension is developing, not letting it stagnate. The fact is that there is a suspicion of a response to her.

ideological

The camp of malignancy in the country is traditionally taken as an indicator of the power of the government, for which the higher DL does not often present the VET of sub'ktivistvimogi about the reduction of malignancy. Remaining, do not have an active ability to reduce the level of evil, often vdayutsya before the official official tribute. Most of the time - by the way of vibirkovoi reestratsiya zlochiniv.

[Vzagal, so vimogi are incorrect - VET is deprived of reacting to the infringement of evil. Those who have been registered with a lot of money, let us know about those who have been active in VET]

organizing

There are shortcomings in the system of restoration and the field of problems. In the first place, the restoration of bad things is laid down on the VET itself, as it is considered for a large number of problems (often not to restore the "dark" right, since it will be important to open the criteria). Є Proposition of shifting the function to the Ministry of Justice or a new special structure. In a different way, there is a statistical view of the difference between VET.

psychological

The population itself does not declare about the bad things. Most of the time, there is a lack of confidence in vocational education and training. If you want, you can get some of the reasons for Inferiority: not wanting the fact of a voice, fear of being overwhelmed, not wanting to go through the procedure, compromise with evil people (viciousness of the car).

personnel

Physical and professional unkindness to overwhelm the real level of criminal records. The potential for malignancy is great, since the VET was restructuring everything, the stench would be "drowned" in the sweat of malice.

specifics of crops

For example, rejecting and daring the habar: offended parties - wicked, those who are offended in the confidentiality of their actions, I don’t like such a patient (I don’t want to be impressed), I don’t think I’m going to serve the visible motherhood.

Methods for detecting latent malignancy:

- Livelihoods of the population for the additional help of anonymous profiles

Gromadians are fed up with them, they say a hundredfold mischief: they declared the stench of sales a fact in VET, like a reaction of the rest. On the submission of such questionnaires, to check the information about the latency levels of malfunctions, about the causes of latency. In the United States, there are also two days on the market during the first half of the year, in our country, on the other side, it was held 1 time.

- Document analysis

Information about the latent data of the ear can be seen by way of the advancement of materials from the Bureau of Ship Expertise, Polyclinic, Licensed and presented with the data of official statistics.

- Method of expert evaluations

Judgment about the latencies of problems in the given region

- A comparative analysis of a number of statistical indicators

Adjustment of the dynamics of the types of evilness. Wonder, for the rakhunok of what malignities there is a decrease in the level of malignancy. [Doslidzhennya Prof Luneeva: speedy maliciousness to reach for the rakhunok speedy hijacking, appropriation and waste, shahraystva, hooliganism, as it is easy to get out of the box; the problem of growing up for the rakhunok of the fact that the malignity of the old more high-latency, won’t be restructured]

caution

experiment

In the Russian Federation, there are 2 methods that do not become stagnant, therefore, they can work with great vitrates.

Concept of Ya.I. Gilinsky

All their activities and vchinki (including criminal) people to rob for the satisfaction of consumers.

Consume people alike, everybody needs to eat food, garnishing robots and eating. I may have a tendency to grow.

However, the ability to satisfy the needs of people is not very good.

In the world, the price is due to the indivisibility of the indivisible features (the child is big, the healthy one is not even worse).

However smut dzherelo of different possibilities of satisfying the consumer - the social and economic inefficiency.

Individuals take different positions in the structure of the suspension, in the very social status, to lay down the possibility of satisfying the consumer.

The growth of the individual in social positions is amortized, as a rule, by officials who are independent from them, and by social workers themselves, and deprived of a friend because of their special health and talent.

Social and economic inequality appeared in the process of suspicious growth of the process, the whole process is inevitable. The inconsistency can not fail to generate healthiness, unhappiness, social conflicts, protest reactions, which take the form of social deviations.

The main thing in the genesis of deviacy is not the level of satisfaction of needs itself, but a step in the development of opportunities for satisfaction for small social groups.

The butt of K. Marx's robots is to bring the idea: leave the little booths in the small booths, the booths are so small, the booths are happy with the living vimogs, albeit, according to the convention, there are palaces, the booths should be built as khatinas.

The head in irregularity is the price of outsiders (nonprobability, business, emigrants, etc.). Stinks store the social base of malignancy and other forms of deviant behavior.

incl., The main reason malignancy - socially and economically unreliable.

The teachings are not perceived negatively - they can be moving up to the scientific and technical process, etc., but on the other side - the bred deviation.

theory of interactivity

ac. Kudryavtsev V.N.

Interaction- interconnection.

The cause can be analyzed at 3 levels.

1 rіven - psychological, individual.

The price is lower. Psychological causes of misery can be heard on the new one. The reasons for the malignancy on the individual rivni are the lack of socialization of specialness, so that it is not completely mastery of the norms of social life, weak adaptability to social minds. The author is to supply power - what is the reason for the lack of socialization? It’s obvious that we’ll give you a reason for 2 pounds.

2 ryvennya of the reasons for malignancy - sociological.

Here the vices and shortcomings of the suspicious system are analyzed - social, economic, political, spiritual manifestations, such as viciousness. The quality of the phenomenon is infused into the form of the specialness of the evil and the motivation of the child.

3 rіven - philosophical.

At the same time, analyze the nutrition about the causes of negative manifestations in the suspension as a whole. The root cause of malignancy is the fact that there is an objectively sensible social superpersonality. The head is not rubbing the current suspension, as it gives rise to all the negative phenomena, - it is rubbing against the suspicious nature of the publicity and the private results in practice. It’s a matter of course, because the malice will be borne in mind.

Let's turn to social science.

Reasons for malignancy on the social science.

economic reasons

Inadequacies, vices and conflicts with economic policy (to bring the population up to a sharp lane growth; the evilness of the people to the squalor of some vernaculars of the population, to the disadvantage of making money on the other spheres);

A number of economic situations - inflation, growth of prices, low payment for work, which inevitably infuse on the motives of the behavior of people

political reasons

Political interests and conflicts that occur on these grounds

The infusion of politics on malignity is obvious: 1) the work of politics, its programs, calls to shape the atmosphere in suspension, suspicious psychology. The “fiery” populists in history have more than once been the cause of mass incursions, pogroms, violence; 2) permissiveness for the "top", їх spread by the moon is seen below, stimulating the same behavior of wicked people.

Іnshі political reasons:

Political instability, I will weaken legality, law and order

International, international conflicts

There are not often political interests and conflicts, and economic, social and economic issues. Negative aspects of politics, which are infused with evil, are among the top ten.

social

Social inertia (as Lyudin sees to himself infringement, unrepentant to others, priceless protest reactions)

Nationalism - nationalism, hatred, ideas of sovereignty, brought to the point of absurdity

Social injustice (in the minds of the market of regulation, social control, a penny of wine-city will be established fairly, in violation of the principle of social justice)

Protecting between group interests in the middle of

Kriza Institute of Sims and Schools

Moral and psychological reasons

Moral camp of the suspension (forgetting the moral criteria in all spheres of the function of the suspension)

In economics, immorality is an extension of love of corystics. Politics has immorality - the purpose of politics is hypocritical to talk about one thing, but to shy away from it. In the social sphere, immorality is more scandalous than people's insensitivity, horror among children, propaganda in 3MI pornography and violence. The right to immorality is to declare the rights of the people, and the practice is ignored.

Providing anti-culture, psychology of permissiveness, moral freedom

Moral distribution of the suspension (vikhovannya in hisistic spirit, antipatriotic spirit, individualism, "spitting" of the past, history of the country)

right reasons

Inadequacies, glazes and wadis in the criminal policy of the country

Would you mind to drink the infliction of evil

Shortcomings in the organizational and technical spheres (in the protection of the mine, the area of ​​material values, etc.)

Shortcomings in the activities of state authorities, including VET

Alcoholism, drug addiction, vagrancy, prostitution, іgromania

self-determination of maliciousness- the creation of evil to itself.

Show self-determination in forms:

1) Something in the past is in the hands of і nerozkritіy zlochin rozhu іnshe. Carnity of the breed is permissiveness.