Shlyakh and the mechanism of transmission of infections. What is the "mechanism of transmission of an infectious disease agent"? Presentation about the epidemic process

For skin infectious disease, the characteristic sv_y path of transmission of the child. Win is formed in the process of trivial evolution and it can be interpreted as a way, for the help of which an animal is transferred from an infected organism to a sleepy organism. The main mechanism of the preservation of the zabudnik seems to be.

develop 3 phases of the student's change from one body to another:

1. seeing the patron saint from dzherel infection in the zovnishnє middle class,
2. perebuvannya zbudnik at the name of the middle,
3. vprovadzhennya zbudnika in a new organizm.

The mechanism of transmission of infection depends on this principle, albeit in its details it is versatile, so that the specificity of the primary localization of the student is established. So, for example, if an animal is in the blood, then the natural mechanism of its transmission is blood-loving coma (ricketsiosi, tularemia).

According to the primary localization of the originator in the organization of the development 4 types of gear mechanism:

1. drip-drip
2. fecal-oral
3. transmysive
4. contact-butovy

Dribble-drip and saw path

Price of most extensions and quick transmission method Infectious diseases... This way, a lot of viruses and bacterial infections are transmitted. When growing, screaming, crying, chewing and coughing with droplets from the slime, you see a majestic little bit of a witch. At the same time, the building is growing at a distance of more than 2-3 meters near the sick one, and it’s already in the old camp and the establishment of the Brownian Russia and the manifestation of the electric charge, changing the country on a large scale.

Infected people are seen when inhaled with specks of lick, which is to take revenge on the sickness. Of course, the greatest concentration of an illicit child will be in the immediate vicinity of the disease. If an animal is susceptible to pathogenicity, and the organism is highly susceptible, then it is often possible to achieve a small concentration of an animal in the morning, because of the infection.
For example, medical in vidom transmission Viruses bark, vitrianois, flu in the even greater part of the country, through descent cells, Ventilation walk in the corridor.

Bagato organizmіv dyzhe shvidko go in navkolishny middle ( Viruses bark, chicken and flu), They are characterized by a stiffness and can take pathogenic power in the warehouse. Sawing mechanism of transmission diphtheria, scarlet fever, salmonellosis, tuberculosis and in.

Fecal-oral and alimentary path transmission

With a wide range of methods, the factors of transmission of the plant are food products, water, obstruction of hands, flies, objects and objects.

The whole range of transmissions is characteristic of transmission of viral and bacterial intestinal infections, for example, for staphylococcal enterocolitis, shigeliasis, salmonellosis, infectious diseases, which are infected with gram-negative intellectually pathogenic microbes (klebsiєli, proteus, cygnuyna palichka, citrobacter), which are useful for polio

The transfer of the seed with food products is possible when scarlet fever, diphtheria, hepatitis A, yersiniosis, rotavirus gastroenteritis and іn.
Lyudin can become infected with the implantation of meat and milk, ailments of food, since they did not receive sufficient thermal processing.
Infection of children is most often carried through milk and dairy products (sour cream, tops, frosty, cream). Milk sleepers are characterized by quick growths of ailments, mass and variety of childish collectives.

Water as a transmission factor is of great importance for infected with typhoid fever, shigelosis, tularemia, leptospirosis, hepatitis A, cholera. Zabudniki tsikh zhvoryuvan use the water with the visions of people and creatures, when draining water, sewage from the surface of the earth. Naybilsha is not safe to become closed with waters (other lakes, rates, wells).

Contact-by-butovy way transmission

A whole lot of transmissions can be found in case of a non-mediated spilkuvanny, or through infected objects of the midst of a colony.
Through direct contact, you can become infected diphtheria, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, syphilis, herpes infection, scab, helminths, picoya.
Transfer of the book through the objects and household items (bilezna, dishes, games), shigellosis, helminthosis, typhus, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, diphtheria.

Infected children are often transmitted through the hands. With a lot of ailments, zabrudnyuchi feces of his hand, you can inflict objects of the navkolishny middle, for example, dishes, toys, pens, attitudes. The child is healthy, she may contact with objects, infirm her hands and put infection in her mouth.

Often, infectious agents are put into the ground and super-spills are installed there. At such a viglyad the stench takes on life in a stretch of baguettes of rock. Yaksho argue to treat on the surface of the wound shkiri or in the mouth, vinikє zhvoryuvannya (pravets, gas gangrene, botulism).

Transmisive way of gear

Tsei shlyakh are living carriers, which are often biological rulers of educational and old mechanical carriers.

live carriers dividing into 2 groups:

1. Specific - bloodssal arthropods (fleas, lice, mosquitoes, mosquitoes, claws). Stink will get the transmission of a strictly singing infection, for example, fleas - plague, lice - typhus, Mosquitoes - malyarіyu, clіschі - arbovіrnі encephalіti. In їх organіzmі zabudniki multiply or go through a cycle of development.

The transmission of infection is caused by a bite or rubbed into the skin of a rooted carrier.

2. Nonspecific - to transmit the child to that viglyad, in which he was rejected.

For example, flies on their paws and for transferring diseases of intestinal infections, virus hepatitis A, sticky typhus, paratyphoid fever.

Transplacental transmission path

The process of transmission of the ailment through the placenta from the mother to the fetus.
Transplacental transmission is especially important for foreign infections... Thus, the possibility of intrauterine transmission of rubella viruses, cytomegalovirus, cortex, vitriol, mumps, hepatitis B virus, and enterovirus was brought to light.

mid bacterial infections such a way of transmission of young people with leptospirosis, staphylococcal, streptococcal infections.

The result of intrauterine infection of the fetus lies in the form of information on the vaginal woman. When infected in the first three months of vaginosity, the death of an embryo (wikiden) may occur, or the child will be born with vada development. After 3 months of vaginosity, there can also be an internal uterine death of the fetus, or a child may be born with signs of infection.

Vikoristan information from the book: Infectious diseases of children. V.F. Uchaikin, 2002., Moscow.

The diagnosis of infectious ailments and development of the epidemic is possible at the presence of 3 factors:

1. Source of infections (infection).
2. Mechanism of transmission of infection.
3. Reproduction of the organism (people).

1. Dzherelami Infections Infected people and creatures are natural gentlemen of infectious diseases, from which pathogenic microorganisms are transmitted to healthy people.

In vipadkah, if lyudin is infected with dzherel ailment, talk about anthropoid infectious ailments abo anthroponoses.
If you serve the little creatures and birds with the help of infection, talk about zoonotic infections abo zoonoses.

2. Due to the transmission mechanism pathogenic microbes, there is a reason for the success of the evolutively formed ways, so that the transfer of a living ailment from an infected organism to health is avoided. The whole process is stored in three phases:

The zabudnik, who was seen by the organism of a sick person, was consumed by a healthy organism, vikonavshi deyake moved in space. Ob'kti of the new middle, including living carriers, for the help of which the ancestor moves in the vastness of the disease into a healthy organism, is called transmission factors abo widening of infections.

The transmission hoses of infectious diseases shall be combined in the following groups:

1. fecal-oral transmission transmission - a child is seen from the body of a sick person with feces, an infected person is seen through the mouth with a clogged water;
2. aerogenic transmissions (transmission through winds) - ailment is seen when there is a disease, rose, cough, a sick person, an infection is seen through the upper dickheads with dots to lick off or saw pieces;
3. contact path gear - The originator is transmitted through the name of the shkirn in the case of an unprecedented connection (direct contact), or through the call of the objects;
4. transmіsіyniy shlyakh gears - transmission of sickles by comas: lice, fleas, mites, mosquitoes, flies, etc.

3.Repeatability to the body - the biological power of tissue on the body of people or creatures is an optimal middle ground for the propagation of an ailment and an infection in the process of different forms show yogo.

The activity of the epidemic process changes under the influx of natural and social minds. The influx of social minds into the interruption of the epidemic process in the context of the influx of natural minds is more significant.

Let the social minds be wary: population density, living quarters, sanitary and communal amenities settlements, Material well-being, mind the work, the cultural level of people, the migration processes, the camp to protect health, etc.

Up to natural minds to admit climate, landscape, creative and growing light, the manifestation of natural conditions, infectious diseases, spontaneous dashing, etc.

Visibility of one three factors I am sick of the enlarged infectious ailments. Tilki with deyakikh ailments, such as skaz, syphilis, gonorrhea, SNID and іn. The transmission of microbes through direct contact, that is, with a bite, with a statutory act, etc., takes the fate of two factors - infection and spineless organism.

horizontal path to be called the best extensions (classical) way of transferring the originator of the infection of dressings from the first entry to the call center.

The winners of the overwhelming greatness and the factor of the new middle age play an active role with them.

vertical path the name of the transfer of the father from the father to the offspring without the entrance to the center through:

genetic apparatus

placenta

transovarially

with milk

in case of injuries of the family nobles

At the same time, there is no middle ground in the middle of the day, and the factor and the flow of water do not shy away. The vertical path of transmission is characteristic mainly for viral infections;

Transmission factors.

Transmission factors are called all the elements of the living and inanimate nature, to take part in the transmission of the infectious disease, but not the natural center of living.

I am not safe among the factors in the programs to represent corpses of twarin Particularly lodged ailments, pathogens which are trivial to grow in the middle of the disease (clostridiasis, erysipelas, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, etc.). Tse summarize the importance of fast and correct tidying up and disposal of corpses. In іnshomu vipad there is a lot of haze of the zabudnik.

In case of ailments, if the prick is seen with a cross and feces gniy an important transmission factor (foot and mouth disease, tuberculosis, colibacillosis, salmonellosis and many others). Gniy vid tvarin ailing infectious ailments for a viscous infection, and in a row for a type of infection.

syruin and food products, feed in case of proper monitoring, it can become an important transmission factor (foot and mouth disease, CSF, ASF, SY, Auєski ailment).

Priming primish, vigulnyh yards, maidanchikiv, obstruction of pastures and cattle driving of the inn can be transmission factors (clostridia, necrobacteriosis, hoop rot).

Items ordered and at a glance, containers, transport There can also be mati suttuve meaning (foot and mouth disease, vispa, swine fever, etc.). Expanded ailments can be bought at markets (bazaars), fairs, exhibitions, podromes, meat processing plants, railway stations, ports too.

Visnovok.

The mechanism of transmission of an infectious disease specialist is even more flexible. When carrying out anti-epizootic visits, there is a great significance of the development of the mechanism (methods, nobles, officials) and of the same "rooting" as one of the EP lanes. Tse reach in the main disinfection, disinsection and deratization.

Sensitive creatures (3 Lanka EC).

Sensitive creatures - 3 obov'yazkov Lanka EC, which will ensure the uninterruptedness of the EP.

Elimination (resistance to resistance or resistance) is one of the most important epizootic categories.

Oskilki epizootic process occurs in the population (herd), then from the epizootic point of view, not the style is important Individual cleanliness (near creatures) skіlki population steadiness

abo groupova The yak in the fallowness of the growing step with the cleanliness of the animals can be quite varied.

put on: Until the foot and mouth disease, the plague of great horny thinness, I think that the creatures are 100% shrinkable, but if there is a lot of ailment, I will not get sick of this, and I will not get sick of the creatures. Tse is tied with a heterogeneous population (sukupnosti tvarins). Inject to become, breed, vіk, physiological specialties, years of life, exploitation, factor of the new and internal middle, naturalnonspecific resistance and immunity(Yaky zavzhid specific).

As a result of the interaction of physiological, functional, nonspecific and specific officials, group perception is formed, for the lack of discernibility of the population (Population or herd immunity); We are stronger than ever more and it is correct to go to the organization-state, veterinary-sanitary and special (specific) come.

Sleeping in a group (flock, population) with disagreeable and non-disliked creatures are called the immunological structure of the herd.

The step of dryness is known as the so-called. index of contamination. Win turns in %%. Index 100 - 100% cleanliness of food. A high index of contamination indicates a high degree of cleanliness and navpaki. (Plague, foot and mouth disease -100, listeriasis - 20-30, IPT -5-95, bluetongue - 50-60).

VIL is transmitted in case of body weariness, parenteral introduction of blood, vertical path from the mother of the child.

The main way of widening the infection among children is the vertical transmission of VIL, which will be shown in all new cases. The frequency of vertical transmission from the mother of a child is not the same in the rural lands. For most great presenters, the frequency of transmission of VIL was used by women to become 12-30%. In Haiti and in Africa, there is an indicator of food (25-52%).

The frequency of HIV transmission decreases sharply with perinatal treatment of mothers with antiretroviral diseases.

Vertical transmission of VIL can be done before the population (internal uterine infection), with canopies, with them (with vigodovvanny). About the intrauterine infection, determine the presence of VIL by the inoculation method or PLR in the tissues of the fetus, repaired in 10 days. vaginosti. In addition, in the first trimester of placental tissue in VIL-infected women to avenge VIL, which was brought about by in situ hybridization and immunological methods. It is generally accepted that 30-40% of infectious newborns become infected internally, some percentage indicator is a laboratory confirmation of infectious diseases (positive results in case of PLR) for the first time. It has been established in young people that the virus is not barbarous for the people, too, due to the early appearance of symptoms and rapid progress, that it is necessary to use the trivial inflow of infections during vaginosis.

A large part of VIL-informed children got rid of the virus at canopy, just to witness the fact that in 60-70% of the new-born babies the virus did not appear until the end of the first life. In the mechanism of transmission of the virus, it takes a lot to be found in the family paths, informational shelter, secrets of the uterus and pichvi; in a number of days in the end of vaginosity, before the hour the low titres of VIL appear. Moreover, the international register of VIL-Infected twins showed up, that the infection was infected for the twins, and that the first one to pop up, all the more so for the booze of the more tricky transfer in the family paths.

Nayridkisnisha is a type of vertical transmission in industrialized regions - breast year bath; navpaki, in the regions, are developing chest vigodovannya is more significant in the transmission of vertical transmission of VIL. Have VIL-Information mothers in breast milk have been revealed as a virgin, as well as dressings with virus cells. Metaanalysis of prospective reports showed that the risk of vertical transmission of HIV during breastfeeding in mothers who had become infected before vaginal storage was 14%, and in mothers who had become infected when they were in bed, - 29%. Induced by the gift of giving, viremia, as it is supervising the primary HIV infection in the mother, the background of transmission to the virus to children. To that, if the mother knows that VIL-informed, otherwise, to suspect the infection of VIL, it is reasonable to switch to the unit of vygodovuvannya. However, in the provinces, it is recommended to develop VIL-infected mothers in women who suffer from breastfeeding, some of the deaths are not significant in these lands due to those suffering from infirmities (diarrhea, pneumonia, lack of transmission of infections).

The risk of vertical transmission to the virus is due to a number of factors: early canopy (up to 34 tension), low CD4-blood pressure in the mother in front of the canopy, as well as shortage before the hour of drug use. The greatest value is the triviality of anhydrous period over 4 years and weight at a population less than 2500 g - be it any factor in the base frequency of vertical transmission of VIL. Metaanalysis of more than 1000 visits, showing that the planned cesarean rostin in the given mother and child zidovudine reduced the frequency of VIL transmission by 87%. However, some of the results of the antiretroviral therapy prior to the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the tolerant effect of caesarean rosin, mabut, is insignificant, as the concentration of viral RNA in the mother is less than 500 copies per 1 ml. If I want to be in the row, the frequency of infection in women has been fixed. by the age of Infections (i.e. on SNID) or a high concentration of viral RNA (> 50,000 copies / ml), in young women who have transmitted VIL to their children, symptoms of ailment bulge in the daytime or concentration of RNA virus in low

For the whole path, it is imperative to expand bacterial pathologies through food products, feed water, Flies, brute hands or pobutovі objects. Alimentary paths are characteristic for intestinal ailments of bacterial or viral etiology. Before them salmonellosis, shigellosis, staphylococcus enterocolitis, ailments, which are wicked with a stick and іnshe, are known.

Children are most often infected through dairy products on the cake, milk, sour cream, frost and other. Thus, infectious sleepers are attracted by the mass and flexibility of the child's mortgages and collectives.

Along with the products hepatitis A, scarlet fever, diphtheria and іnshe are transmitted. Infection can be found with the implantation of milk or meat of ailing creatures, which have not passed the sufficient thermal processing. Through the water, cholera, leptospirosis, tularemia and іnshi are transmitted. Zbudnik to appear in the water element at the same time with feces and visions of creatures and people from canalization of sewage, for taking from the earth. The maximum degree of insecurity of similar infestation is observed in lakes, wells and rates, which are submerged in waters.

transmysive

We can help you to expand the ailment microorganisms through living biological gentlemen or mechanical carriers. Before living carriers, there are specific and nonspecific growths of all types. Specific - blood-loving coma on the eyes of mosquitoes, blich, clits, mosquitoes or lice. Їх ідрізня the expansion of the singing infection. So, cells transmit encephalitis, fleas to plague, mosquitoes to painters, lice typhoid fever. In cich comas, bacteria multiply and develop, and if they bite, they will be transferred without delay.

For nonspecific, the transmission of bacteria is characteristic in those hypostases, in yak vin buv otrimaniy. For example, small flies are built on their paws to carry microbi, scho wiklikayut intestinal infections state form, Chernivny typhus, hepatitis A and іnshe.