The people are great. Travі zalozi: budova and functions

To grass roots, the following can be attributed to: sludge zalozi, zalozi shlunka, pechinka, podshlunkov zloza and intestinal worms.

Before the trees, the ducts of which are drawn into the empty company, small and great sleeps are brought in. Mali slynnі zalozi, lips (glandulae labiales); shchіchnі (glandulae buccales); painting (glandulae molares); pіdnebіnnі (dlandulae palatinae); movni (glandulae linguales) roztashovani in your slime shell, which whistled the empty company. Great sleeps, guys, roztashovuyutsya behind the boundaries of the mouth emptying, ale їkh ducts vіdkrivayut in it. Before Cymbals are introduced into the submaxillary, submandibular and submandibulars.

Parotid zaliza (glandula parotidea), very fine. Pidstava zazozi nazovnі, and the top to enter into the lumbar fossa. At the top of the line is the reach of the willow arch and the outer ear canal, at the back is the nasal spine of the skin of the ear canal, at the bottom is the kuta of the lower slit. The vivid duct (ductus parotideus) passes through the lower willow arch along the lateral surface of the jugular, then pierces the cheek and opens into the front of the mouth with an opening on the mouth of the other upper great root tooth.

Glandula submandibularis) - roztashovana in the lower edge of the tricycle of the shia at the rear edge of the chelate-hyoid gland, from the gland to enter the duct (ductus submandibularis), the narrow medial edge of the back and appear * on the papilla.

Pid'yazikova zaliza (glandula sublingualis) of rasprostavaniya over che-lusty-pid'yazikovoy mu'yaz, on the mucous membrane, making a pid'yazic fold. There are a few of the other ducts going out into the empty company of the bridle of the pid'yazikovy folds and the great pidyazic duct, either to get angry with the duct from the bottom to the lower slit, or to see it on its own on the side of the hand.

Pechinka (hepar) - the best zalosa black empty, Pid diaphragm, in the right pidreber'i. The upper boundary line is, by the right, the middle-key line, located on the level of the 4th mid-region. Then the upper boundary of the stove goes down to the X mid-ribs along the right middle groin line. The malice of the upper border of the liver gradually descends downwards towards the mid-ribs along the middle thoracic line to the level of the attachment of the 8th rib cartilage to the 7th rib. The lower edge of the liver passes along the edge of the costal arch on the right, in the area of ​​the epigastrium the liver lies down to the posterior surface of the anterior cervical wall. The stove sees a great right and less part and two surfaces - diaphragmatic and visceral. On the visceral surface, the gum microscope (vesica fellea) (reservoir of the gum), the gates of the liver (porta hepatis), enter through them: portal vein, pechinka artery and nerves, and enter: the backward furnace lily evidence. On the visceral surface of the right part, they see a square (lobus quadratus) and a tail (lobus caudatus). The stove to the diaphragms is fixed: the crescent ring (lig. Falciforme), the vintseva ring (lig. Coronarmm), along the edges I make the right and left tricyte ring (ligg. Triangulare dextrum sinist et triangulare) Round knot of the stove (lig. Teres hepatis) - the umbilical vein is overgrown, repaired out of the navel, pass through the viral ring (incisura lig. Teretis), enter the lower edge of the sickle-shaped knot and distant reach. On the back surface of the right part, pass the lower empty vein until the venous ligament (lig. Venosum) is attached - the overgrowth of the venous duct, the umbilical vein in the fetuses with the lower empty vein. The stove of the viconu zhisnu (bar'єrnu) function, in which the food is absorbed from the intestine into the roof of the branded products into the roof of the fall of the bile and the outwash, which was established as a result of the life of the intestines Otruyni speeches in the oven are neutralized and vivod in the body with the slaughter and feces. Pechinka take care of its fate in etching, vid_lyayuchi zhovch. Zhovch viroblyatsya cells of the liver gradually, and come into the two-fingered gut through the zagalny zhovchny protok only when it is evident in the new gut. If the etching creeps up, the gum through the channel of the mikhura accumulates in the gum trick, and as a result of the soaking of water, the concentration of gum grows in 7-8 times.

Zhovchny mikhur (vesica fellea) of the rosette in the pit on the visceral surface of the liver. At the newest they see the bottom (fundus vesicae felleae), tilo (corpus vesicae felleae) and shyku (collum vesicae felleae), which is trivial in the ducts of the mikhura (ductus cysticus) flows into the back of the stove, the protochus hectatic et sinister). Zagalny pechinkovy protok pass into zagalnyy pechinkovy protik (ductus choledochus) rosetting between the leaves of the treatment-twelve-palate link in front of the gateway and the right-handed person from the backward pechinka artery. The zagalny zhovchny proth pass behind the upper part of the two-fingered intestine and the head of the gut, pierces the intestinal wall, get angry with the duct of the gut and overtake the gut of the great papilla.

The pancreas is roasted in the deep openings, behind the slurry on the level of bodies I-II of the transverse ridges, and up to the door of the spleen. Masa її at the height of a human 70-80 m In her, she has a head (caput pancreatis), tilo (corpus pancreatis) and a tail (cauda pancreatis). Pidshlunkova zloza є zalozoi zvnіshnoї and internal secrets. Yak grass zalosa vona viroblyaє pancreatic sіk, which, according to the vivid prototypes (ductus pancreaticus), appears in the enlightenment of the lower part of the twelve-fingered intestine, appearing in front of the great winter.

Ocherevina (peritoneum) fixes a serous beetle, which in females gets from the middle middle behind the help of the uterine tubes, empty uterus and pichvi. Ocherevina is stored from the wall and internal sheets.

A side-by-side leaf whistled by a wall of black empty, yak surrounded by a diaphragm from above, to the back - crosswise ridge stovbur, square і club-transverse m'yazy, in front and on the sides - m'yazy of the transverse press, below - perineum. In the middle of the wall of the black emptying there is an inner-abdominal bead, between which and the parietal leaf of the queue there is a fat of the cell, which is strongly rooted on the back of the black wall on the back of the inner organ, which is loose. The internal leaf whistles the internal organ of the worm. The slit-like space between the wall and internal leaves of the queue is called an empty queue (cavitas peritonei), filled with a serous line, as it smoothes the surface of the organs, which lays down on the ruch. A pristinkovy leaf of a queue in the moments of the transition to the internal organization of the call and the brigade. The body of the abdomen can be curled up like one, three, and three sides. On one side (extraperitoneally) pokrytі: pidshlunkovy zloza, two-hundredths of the intestine, empty slice mіkhur. Nirki and nirkhi are retractable retroperitoneally. Three sides (mesoperitoneally) pokriti: viscid and decay of the colon, middle third of the rectum, liver and filling of the cross section. From both sides (intraperitoneally), cover: slunk, thin, club, slap, cross-rim, sig-maid and upper rectal third, appendix, spleen, uterus and uterine tubes

The breeches are confirmed by duplication of visceral leaves of the queue, between which the organ goes to the blood-bearing, lymphatic judgment and nerves.

From the lower surface of the diaphragms and the anterior wall of the abdomen to the liver, there is a sickle-shaped, vintsevian and round ring, from which the neck goes to the liver. In the area of ​​the gate of the stove, the leaves of the queue are transferred to the shutter and two to twenty guts, Adopting malium omentum (omentum minus). Cover the slider from the front and back, the leaves of the quill grow on the great curvature and free, but go down in front of the loops of the thin and breech of the transverse rim intestine, making the great omentum, which folds into 4 leaves. The great omentum (omentum majus) grows from the breech of the transverse-rim intestine, encircling the back of the shlunk and the small omentum the omental bursa (bursa omentalis), as behind the additional omental opening (foramen epiploicum), see the bursa in front of the shlunk

The black empty ones see the upper, middle and lower surfaces. The upper over the zaymaє space from the diaphragms from the top to the breech of the transverse rim intestine from the bottom. The middle on top of the bridgework of the transverse rim intestine from above and the entrance to the malium pelvis from below. The lower on top of the black emptying is the emptying of the small pelvis. Ocherevina from the middle on top of the black emptying descend into the lower on top, passing from the small pelvis to the pelvic organisms, perceiving the loss. In cholovikiv - microflora-rectal, and in females - microfiber-uterine and rectal-uterine.

The ducts of grasses go up into the lumen of the grass canal.

Naybilsh great z є slynnі zalozi (parotid, pіd'yazikova і lower slit), as well as stove and pіdshlunkova zalosa.

At the empty company, ducts open sluggish vines, Malikh and great. Little sleepless zozy call themselves after the month of their development: pіdnebіnnі, lips, shіchnі, movnі. There are three bets of the Great Sleepy Zalozov: Priushni, Lower-cheeked and Pid'yazikov. Behind the character, see the secret (slug) slinky zolozi on bilkovi (serous), slush and zmіshanі. At the warehouse of sludge є ferments, which are the first to be split into carbohydrates.

pechinkaє the most sallow (Fig. 10). Vaga 1.5 kg visonuє kіlka important functions... Yak grass zolosa the liver is set up zhovch, the yak comes into the intestines, sprying the poisoning. In the oven, a number of bilks are established (albumin, globulin, protrobin), here the conversion of glucose into glycogen is introduced, and a number of products of gnat in this intestine (indol, phenol) are added. Take your part in the processes of blood formation and exchange of speech, as well as the blood depot.

The stove grows in the area of ​​the right ridge and in the supracranial area. On the stove, there is a diaphragmatic (upper) and visceral (lower) surface, as well as the lower (front) edge.

diaphragmatic Not only uphill, but not only uphill, but not only forward and lying down to the lower surface with diaphragms.

The upper surface of the stove grows sagittally, with a sickle-like viscous shape, into two parts, from which the right is significantly larger, the lower is left.

visceral surface brutalized, not only to the bottom, but to the back. There are three furrows on them, which go sagittally, and the third one goes crosswise. Furrows are surrounded by one one 4 parts: right, lion, square and tail, from which two the first are subdivided into segments. The square part of the plant is rosette in front of the transverse furrow, and the tail - behind it. Cross-borne roztashevuyut in the center, її name gates of the stove. At the gate of the stove enter the portal vein, the vasna pechinka artery, nerves, and enter the pechinka duct and lymphatic judgment.

Malyunok 10 - Duodenum (A), liver (B, bottom view), pidshlunkov zloza (C) and spleen (D).

1 - upper part; 2 - the lowest part; 3 - horizontal part; 4 - visible part; 5 - the right part of the pechinka; 6 - liva part of the stove; 7 - square area; 8 - tail part; nine - zhovchny mikhur; 10 - round sound of the stove; 11 - lower empty vein; 12 - indented shlunkov; 13 - duodenal (duodenal) depression; 14 - rim-intestinal depression; 15 - indentation nirkovy; 16 - zagalny zhovchny protik; 17 - head of the slurry hole; 18 - tilo pidshlunkovoy zalozi; 19 - the tail of the slurry sand; 20 - duct of the slurry zone; 21 - subdatkovy duct of the slurry zone.

The rights of the future are borne in front of their view to expand and make a hole, in which to take revenge zhovchny mіkhur. At the rear end of the furrow there is an extension for the lower empty vein. Liva pozdovzhnya borozna to serve as a month the round sound of the stove, yaka is an overgrowth of the umbilical vein, which functions in the fetus. At the rear end of the late furrow there is a venous ring, which stretches through the round ring to the lower empty vein. In the fetus, the ligament is functional as a duct, through which blood from the umbilical vein is consumed directly into the inferior empty vein.

Lower(Front) edge of the gostry stove. At the new є virizka, the bottom of the chewing mikhur and the round sound of the stove lie.

The whole pechinka is covered with a string. The winyatk becomes the back edge of the stove, de von grows without the middle with the diaphragm, the gate of the stove, as well as the loss, approved by the chewing mikhur.

For your Buda stove - there is a foldable tubular zalosa, in which ducts serve as zhovchny ducts. The name of the stove is covered with a serous shell, represented by a visceral leaf of the quail. A thin, fibrous sheath is located along the neckline, which, through the gates of the liver, penetrates into the river organ, supervises the blood-bearing vessels, and at the same time creates the interlobular projectile.

Structural unit of the furnace є speck- to cover an approximate prismatic form. Oh nachuyuyut close to 500,000. pechinkovy beams, abo trabeculae, they grow along the radii along the way up to the central vein with blood-bearing capillaries (sinusoids), which flow into it. Pechinkovy beams are prompted from two rows of epithelial cells (hepatitis), between which to pass the gum capillary. Pechinkovy beams are of their own kind with pipe-like shafts, which are prompted by pechinka. The secret (zhovch) is seen through the zhovchny capilarii into the interlobular grooves, nadal is consumed in the back of the pechinka duct, which goes from the stove.

The stove will clean up the shelter with the vasne pechinkovo ​​artery and the gateway. Vidtіkє from the shlunk, pіdshlunkovaya zalozi, intestines and spleen, along the gates of the roof, to be cleaned in the small parts of the liver from shkіdlivnyh chemichnyh houses. The presence of certain openings in the walls of sinusocytes will prevent blood from clogging with hepatocytes, so that one speaks from the blood and one sees in it. Changed the storage of shelter to get in the central veins, the sounds through the pechinkovy veins come into the lower empty vein.

Zhovchny mikhur - pechinkovi cells viroblyayut to add up to 1 liter of chewing gum, which goes into the intestines. The reservoir, in which zhovch accumulates, є zhovchny mikhur. At the new age, the accumulation and concentration of water is accumulated for the rakhunok soaking up the water. To grow in the front part of the right late furrow of the liver. Wine pear-shaped form. Mix of yogo 40-60 ml. Dovzhina 8-12 cm, width 3-5 cm The shyka of the chewing mikhur is turned up to the liver and trivia into the ducts of the mikhur, so it gets angry from the gallbladder duct, it flows into the gut.

The ducts of the mikhur in the fallowness from the phase of the etching should be carried out in two strands: the stoves in the mikhur and the rump mikhur in the back of the beetles.

etching- the prevalence of the processes of mechanical and chemical reworking into components that are used for getting into the roof of the house and for participating in the exchange of words. The etching products come to the inner middle of the body and be transported to the cells, or oxidized due to the vision of energy, or in the process of biosynthesis, such as alarm material.

Introduced herbal systems and people: mouth emptying, pharynx, stravohid, slunker, thin and small intestine, anal opening. Empty organs herbal tract stacked in three sheath : Significant semi-tissue, middle-target and internal - mucous. Relocation of a single image from one view to the last one will be able to find a quick set of organs in the tract.

The main functions of the herbal system:

■ secretory (Vibrating herbal juices with liver and slurry, short ducts which enter the small intestine; an important role in etching is also played by slime and slurry, which can be found in the walls of the slurry and of the small intestine);

■ motorna , abo rukhova (Mechanical processing of їzhі, її oversupply along the herbal tract and the removal of non-etched surpluses for the interorganism);

■ soaktuvannya products of the distribution of їzhі and іnshi living talk at the inner middle is the organism - the shelter and the lymph.

Rotova is empty. pharynx

Rotova empty from the top it is surrounded by a firm і soft sky, from the bottom - a slit-pod'yazikovoy m'yaz, from the sides - with cheeks, in front - with lips. Behind the mouth of the empty man for help zivu get on throat ... There are empty mouths mova i teeth ... V empty mouth the ducts of three pairs of great sluggish vines - near, pid'yazikov and lower slit.

■ The company is able to analyze the taste of the quality of life, rather than to grind with its teeth, to become enveloped in slime and to get rid of enzymes.

Slug shell of the company there are no lazy trees of great size. Drobnі zolozi roztasvanі nelyboko in fabrics, great wіll wіll away wіth thе empty company аn tο see thеіr wіth іn thе open ducts.

Teeth. An older person has 32 teeth: 4 small teeth, 2 teeth each, 4 small root teeth and 6 great root teeth on a skin gap. Teeth to serve for cleaning, biting, cleaning and mechanical detailing; the stench also takes a fate from the formulated sounds of movi.

■ різці roztashovani in the empty company in front; May it be straightforward from the state of the land and attached to the kusannya zhyzha.

■ іkla roztashovani for drawings; make a cone-like shape; people are weak.

■Small root teeth roztasovanі for іkla; there are one or two roots and two humps on the surface; to serve for additional education.

■Great root teeth roztashovani for malimi root; may have three (upper root teeth) or a choice (lower) root or a number of humps on the surface; to serve for the misbehavior.

tooth stock up root (Part of a tooth, buried in a hole in a crack), shyki (Part of a tooth, buried in clear) i crowns (A piece of a tooth, a yak whistling into the mouth empty). All the middle roots pass channel , Expands into empty tooth and fillings pulp (With fluffy and full cloth), how to take revenge on judges and nerves. Pulp viroblyaє puddled razchin, which seeps through the pores of the tooth named; a whole range of solutions is necessary for neutralization of the acidic environment, established to live on the teeth with bacteria and a ruined tooth.

Establish the base of the tooth dentine , Coating on the crown tooth emellu , And in shytsi and roots - dental cement ... Dentin and cement - vidi knitted fabric... Zubna Emal - herself hard fabric in the body of people, in terms of hardness, it is close to quartz.

The child at Vitsi is close to fate milk teeth , Yakі poіm, repairing from the sixth century, vipadayut і freeze with your teeth ... Before the change, the root of the milk teeth will get wet. rudiments last teeth zaklaayutsya still in the uterine period development. The progression of the last teeth will end up to 10-12 rocks; vinyatk to become the teeth of wisdom, the appearance of which will take an hour to shake up to 20-30 years.

bite- zmikannya upper growths with lower ones; with a correct bite, the upper bite will rotate in front of the lower ones, so that the upper bite will move.

Mova- a crumbly mucous organ, in a mucous membrane, a lot of problems with vessels and nerves; stock up tila and rear part - root ... Tilo move the shape of the grub breast and oversupply in the process of zhuvannya, the root of the language stitches right into the throat, which leads to the stravohid. When kovtannі їzhі openings of the trachea (dichal tube), cover with the epiglottis. Mova is also є body relish take the fate of the form sound movi .

Salivating reflexively see slinu , I will have a weak reaction and take away water (98-99%), slime і equal ferments. Slime is a link to a bed, which can be stored in water, anti-til (to tie bacteria) and speech of bilkovo nature - mucin (Zmochu їzhu pіd hour її re-roasting, drinking the fixation of grub breasts for procuring їzhі) і lyzozyme (Volodya zezazrazhuvalnym dyu, ruinuchi shells of bacterial clitins).

■ Slina can be seen without interruption (up to 1.5-2 liters for dobu); seeing the line can be reflexively seen (div. lower). The Dreaming Center is located in dovgastomuzku.

fermentation slini: amylase and maltose and lipase - fat; with a whole new split, it is not possible to get through the nontriviality of transferring it into the company.

ziv- open, through the yake of the mouth of the empty space, go through the throat ... From side to side there is a special education (purchase of lymph fabrics) - mydalini , In which lymphocytes can be revenged, how to show the function.

pharynx- tse muzovy organ, scho z'єdnu mouth empty z stravohod and nasal emptying - from the larynx. Kovtannya - reflexive process. For an hour kovtannya kharchova breast pass into the throat; when there is a lot of pidnebinnya, it’s going over and over into the nasopharynx, and the epiglottis overlooking the way into the larynx.

stravohid

stravohid- the upper part of the herb canal; it is a m'yazovuyu tube zaddovzhka close to 25 cm, from the middle whistled a flat epithelium; repair from the throat. In the upper part, the meat ball of the stems is stored in the cross-swarthy fabric, in the middle and in the lower - in the smooth fabric. At the same time, from the trachea stravohid pass into the chest emptying and at the level of the XI chest ridge enter into the slunk.

M'yazovi stinki stravohozhut can quickly feel, stuck in the shlunka. Fast-paced stravohods are seen in the view of the general public peristaltic hwil , I will see in the upper part of the house and grow all over the place to visit the stravohod.

peristaltic hwilya is the widening of the bridle of the herbal tube, a very similar cycle of last-day speeds, and the relaxation of small segments of the tube, pushing through it in the loosening of the bottle. Peristaltic hvili will get rid of it through the entire herbal tract.

slunk

slunk- expanded pear-shaped part of the grass tube with a volume of 2-2.5 (inodi up to 4) l; ma tilo, the bottom and the pilot part (viddil, between the two-fingered intestines), the entrance and exit open. The slunker has accumulated and for a decade (2-11 years) it will get stuck. In a stretch for an hour, grind, grind with slunk juice, swell the consistency of the raw soup (I will chyme ), І supplement with hydrochloric acid and enzymes.

■ The head process of etching into the slag - hydroliz bilkiv .

stinks the shlunk is stored from three balls of smooth oat fibers and wistelen zalozistime epitelim. M'yazov cells of the last ball may be more straight, middle - circular (circular), inner - braid. Taka budova spriy pіdtrimtsі tone of the slurry stinks, mixing grub with slunk juice and oversupply in the intestines.

Slime shell the shlunk is taken into folds, in which there are vividny ducts zaloz , Які б vibrated the shlunkovy sіk. Fold in the warehouse head (Vibrate ferment) lining (Vibrate hydrochloric acid) і dodatkovich clitin (Vibrate the mucus, as it constantly re-emerges and over-etched the stinks of the slunk with enzymes).

The slime slurry shell also has є endocrine cells , Yakі produce equal and іnshі hormones .

■ Zcrema, hormone gastrin stimulation shlunk juice.

Shlunkoviy sіk- the whole hole of ridin, before the storehouse, which includes ferment equals, 0.5% hydrochloric acid (pH = 1-2), mucin (grab the slurry) and inorganic salts. Acid activates the enzyme of slunk juice (zokrema, I will convert inactive pepsinogen into active pepsin ), Denature of a bile, growing a fibrous izhu and lowering ailing microorganisms. Shlunkovy sіk is seen reflexively, 2-3 liters for extra.

❖ Fermenti shlunk juice:
■ pepsin splitting folding bottles for more simple molecules - polypeptides;
■ gelatinase splitting blocks from the resulting fabric - gelatin;
■ lipase I break down emulsification of milk fat to glucerin and fatty acids;
■ chymosin curdled milk casein.

At the shlunka, at once with the grub breast, you can also indulge in the ferment of the sludge, de-stink, continue for a day for about an hour. So, amylazi Split in carbohydrates until quiet, until the grub breast does not seep with slunk juice and neutralization of these enzymes is not seen.

The chyme portions of the chyme are distilled into the slurry two to twenty guts - cob form of the small intestine. The output of the chimus from the slurry is controlled by a special ring seal - gate-keeper .

Small intestine

Small intestine- I found a part of the grass tract (yogo dozhina 5-6 m), so I borrowed a larger part of the empty wood. Pochatkova part of the small intestine - twelve-fingered gut - for a daddy close to 25 cm; in it the ducts of the slurry zone and the stoves are seen. Two-fingered guts go into hoodoo , Hood - in club gut .

Myazovy ball of small intestine stinks is smooth m'yazu fabricі building until peristalsis ... The mucous membrane of the small intestine has a large number of microscopic zaloz (Up to 1000 per 1 mm 2) intestinal juice , I approved the number (about 30 million) microscopic virility - villi .

villus- the price of the mucous membrane of the intestinal race with a height of 0.1-0.5 mm, in the middle of which there are smooth fibers and a good blood-bearing and lymphatic hem. The villi are pocketed with a single-ball epithelium microvilli (Dovzhina is close to 1 micron і with a diameter of 0.1 microns).

Pa of an area of ​​1 cm 2, it was removed from 1800 to 4000 villi; the stench at once with microvilli increases the area on top of the small intestine more than 30-40 times.

In the small intestine, organic speech is split into products, which can be absorbed by cells into organisms: in carbohydrates - to simple sugars, fat - to glucerin and fatty acids, and drinks - to amino acids. The newcomer will have two types of etching: empty and membrane (parietal).

For help waste picking to see the first hydrolysis of the grub rivers.

membrane etching stay on the surface microvilli , I will be able to find a variety of ferments, and I will not conclude the stage of hydrolysis and transition until it is wet. Amino acids and glucose are soaked through the villi into the roof; Glycerin and fatty acids are soaked in the cells of the small intestine, because they are synthesized by the moisture of the body, which goes into the lymph, and then into the shelter.

Great value for pickling in twelve-fingered kishtsi Mayut pancreatic sic (see pidshlunkova zalozya ) і zhovch (secret pechinkoyu ).

intestinal juice there is little reaction and it can be stored in a cloudy, fertile part and a breast to the slime, to avenge the descent of intestinal food. The process of the cells to break down and the ferments to take place in them, as they take an active part in the overtraveling of the chemicals, break down into products, which can be taken up by the cells to the body.

❖ Intestinal juice ferments:
■ amylazi and maltose to catalyze the drop to starch and glycogen,
■ invertase I will complete the over-etching of tsukrіv ',
■ lactazi hydrolyze lactose,
■ enterokinase I will convert the inactive enzyme trypsinogen into active trypsin , Yaky rozscheplyuє bіlki;
■ dipeptidazi split dipeptides to amino acids.

Pidshlunkova zalosa

Pidshlunkova zalosa- the body of the secret secret: її ekzokrinna part of the viroble pancreatic sik, endocrine part of the viroble hormones (Div. ""), Scho regulate the carbohydrate exchange.

Pidshlunkov zalosa roztashovana pid slunk; stock up heads , Tila i tail і maє gravelly lobed budova; Dovzhina 15-22 cm, weight 60-100 g.

head zalozi otochena two-fingered intestine, and tail part of the prilyagaє to the spleen. At the zalozi є conductive canals, which are angry in the main and additional ducts, behind which pancreatic siq, for an hour, the poisoning goes into the intestine. At the same time, the main duct at the very entrance to the two-fingered intestine (at the vater pump) is lowered from the gallbladder duct (Div. Nizche).

The activity of the slunker is regulated by the autonomic nervous system (through the bloating nerve) and humorally (by the hydrochloric acid of the slunk juice and the hormone secretin).

pancreatic sic(Сік pіdshlunkovoy zalozi) to revenge noni НСО 3 -, to neutralize the hydrochloric acid of the slurry, and a number of enzymes; low reaction, pH = 7.5-8.8.

Enzymes of pancreatic juice:
■ proteolytic enzymes trypsin, chitrypsin і elastasis split the bottles to low molecular weight peptides and amino acids;
■ amylase I split in carbohydrates to glucose;
■ lipase I break down neutral fats to glucerin and fatty acids;
■ nucleases split nucleic acids to nucleotides.

pechinka

pechinka- the most grassy zolosa, tied to the intestinal tract (in the mature people її masa reach 1.8 kg); roztashovana in the upper end of the black empty, right-handed under the diaphragm; to be stored from chotir'okh nerіvnyh parcels. The skin area is stored in granules with a size of 0.5-2 mm, approved by hairy cells hepato-cytamі , Mіzh are yakim available fabric on, Blood-bearing and lymphatic judgments and ducts, which are angry in one backward pechinkovy counter.

Hepatocytes are rich in mitochondria, elements of cytoplasmic hedgehogs and Golgi complex, ribosomes and especially attached to glycogen. Stink (hepatocyti) zhovch (Div. Nizche), as they see in the gut ducts of the liver, and also secrete glucose, sechovina, white, fat, vitamins and in.

Through the right part, the pechinka artery, portal vein and nerves enter the furnace; on the lower surface of the zhovchny mikhur volume of 40-70 ml, service for accumulating gum and periodical (before taking an hour) and injection into the intestines. The duct of the zhovchny mikhur is closed from the gall pechinkovy duct, zagalny zhovchny protik , Yaky straight down, get angry with the duct of the slurry zalozi and grow into the gut.

❖The main functions of the oven:

■ synthesis and secretion of gum;

■ metabolic:

- participation in the exchange bіlkіv: synthesis of blood cells, including taking part in the thyroid gland, - fibrinogen, prothrombin and in.; deamination of amino acids;

- participation in the exchange in carbohydrates : Regulation of rivnya zukru in the blood of a noble synthesis (3 excess glucose) i deposition to glycogen injected with the hormone insulin, and also cleavage of glucogen to glucose (For the hormone glucagon);

- participation in the exchange of lipids: activation lipazi I will break up emulsification of fat, make sure that the fat gets wet, and deposit excess fat;

- participation in the synthesis of cholesterol and vitamins A, B) 2, deposition of vitamins A, D, K;

- participation in the regulation of water exchange;

■ bar'orna i zakhisna:

- detoxification (externalization) and transformation into a number of bran products in the range of bilkiv (amiaku and in.)

- chasing microbes;

- Inactivation of foreign speech;

- vivedennya from the blood of products in the drop in hemoglobin;

■ hematopoietic:

- the liver of the embryos (2-5th month) for the function of blood formation;

- the liver of the grown-up people is accumulating zalizo, as it is possible to win for the synthesis of hemoglobin;

■blood depot (At once with a spleen and a shkiroyu); can deposit up to 60% of all blood.

zhovch- the product of the quality of the pechin klіtin; is an even more folding weakly alkaline sum of rechovin (water, salts of gum acids, phospholipids, gum chemicals, cholesterol, mineral salts and inn.; pH = 6.9-7.7), which are used for emulsifying fatty acids and activating them; maє zhovtuvatiy abo greenish-bury colir, which is the beginning of zhovchie pigments bilirubin і ін., which is established when the hemoglobin is split. Viroblya stove for dobu 500-1200 ml of beetroot.

❖ Main functions of the woman:
■ stem of the puddle center in the intestine;
■ strengthening of intestinal activity (motility);
■ crushing fat into specks ( emulguvannya), Scho lays down їх splitting;
■ activization of enzymes in intestinal juice and juice of the slurry;
■ lingering over-etching of fats and іnhh іnhіschіvі, nоt wіth water;
■ activization of the processes of moisture in the small intestine;
■ napannya zhubnoї dії on a lot of microorganisms. Without gum fat and fatty vitamins, it is impossible not only to spill out, but to get wet.

Tovsta gut

Tovsta gut it is 1.5-2 m in diameter, 4-8 cm in diameter and grows in the black and empty pelvis. They have the following options: slipu intestine from the worm-like appendix - appendix, sigmoid, rim and straight intestines. In the middle of the transition of the small intestine valve , I will secure unidirectional flow in the place of the intestine. The rectum will end anal opening , Let's refine two sphinkters , Scho regulate intestinal emptying. The internal sphincter of assertions of smooth muscles and is under the control of vegetative nervous system The famous sphinkter of the ring's statements is transversely controlled by the central nervous system.

Tovsta gut viroblyaє mucus, not a lot of villi and may be diluted with grass roots. To live with them symbiotic bacteria To synthesize organic acids, vitamins of groups In and K and enzymes, for some of them, there is a fraction of the cleavage of klitkovini. At the end of a full speech, you have decided to get wet in the shelter and, according to the gates, come to the furnace, de you know.

The main functions of the intestine: splitting of klitkovini (cellulose); absorption of water (up to 95%), mineral salts, vitamins and amino acids, which are violated by microorganisms; coverage of solid feces; transferring them to the rectum and reflexively passing through the anal opening.

soaktuvannya

soaktuvannya- the number of processes, which will prevent the transfer of speeches from the shlunkovo intestinal tract from the inner middle to the organism (shelter, lymph); Newly, take on the fate of cell organelles: mitochondria, Golgi complex, endoplasmic fissure.

Mechanism of mocking speech:

■ passive transport (Diffusion, osmosis, filtration), which can work without vitrate energy, and

For help diffusion (Vona winnickaє inaslіdok of the growth of concentration of disclosed speech) in the roof penetrate deyakі salts and small organic molecules; filtration (Spostering with an increased clutch as a result of rapid intestinal smooth muscles) for help osmosis get water wet; by way active transport soak up sodium, glucose, fatty acids, amino acids.

They saw a herbal tract, in which they see moisture. In the midst of the young talk, it’s going to stretch along the grass tract, but the intensity of the process in the new ones is not the same:

■ in mouthwash vmoktuvannya insignificantly after a short-hour transfer here їzhі;

■ in slunk soak up glucose, chastkovo water and mineral salts, alcohol, deyaki lіkuvalny drugs;

■ in small intestine soak up amino acids, glucose, glucerin, fatty acids, etc.;

■ in tovstiy kishtsi soak up water, mineral salts, vitamins, amino acids.

❖ The effectiveness of wetting in the intestines will become unhealthy:

■ villi and microvilli (div. Vishche), which 30-40 times increase in the moctuval surface of the small intestine;

■ high blood flow in the mucous membrane of the intestine.

Special features of the mock-up of young speeches:

■ bіlki get wet into the shelter near the eyes of the amino acids;

■ in carbohydrates get wet in the main at the glucose viglyadі; the most intense glucose gets wet in the upper intestine. The blood, from the intestines, is sent along the gateway to the furnace, a deeper part of the glucose is transformed into a glycogen and stored in reserve;

■ fat get wet overly in the lymphatic capillaries of the villi of the small intestine;

■ water soak into the roof (most intensively - 1 liter for 25 minutes in the intestine);

■ mineral salts get wet into the shelter of the viglyadi roses.

etching regulation

The pickling process is from 6 to 14 years old (in fallowness from the warehouse and the number of years). Regulation and suvore uzgodzhennya (rukhovyh, secretory and vmoctuval) of all organs of the herbal system in the process of etching to help the nerve and humoral mechanisms.

■ Physiology of bullet etching in detail І.P. Pavlovim, having broken a new method of implantation of shlunkovaya secretion. For ci robots I.P. Pavlov Boulo was awarded the Nobel Prize (1904).

The essence of the method I.P. Pavlova: with an operative way to isolate a part of the creeper of the creature (for example, dogs), so that all vegetative nerves were spared in them, and they didn’t have a lot of herbal function, but they didn’t use it. A fistula tube is implanted at a part of the shlunk, through the yak a shlunkovy sik is seen to be called. By picking up a siq and from a starting point of a warehouse, it is possible to establish the main features of the etching process at any stage.

grub center- Sukupn_st structures, which are located in the central nervous systems, which regulate the life of the life; including nerves center of hunger and population , Roztashovanih in hypothalamus, zhuvannya center, kovtannya, smoktinnya, sleepless, vyvlennya shlunkovy and intestinal juice , Roztashovanih in the large brain, as well as neurons of the reticular formations and singular areas of measles great pіvkul brain.

■ Harchoviy center zbudzhutsya and galmuє nerve impulses , As well as coming from receptors in the intestinal tract, zoru, scent, hearing and hearing., And also humoral agents (Hormones and biologically active speeches), which come up to new blood.

❖ regulation of dreaming — complex reflex ; including madness and mental-reflex components.

■ mad sleepless reflex: if the company gets into the empty company for the help of the empty receptors razp_znayutsya relish, the temperature and іnshі power їzhі. The form of receptors along sensitive nerves is stimulated to be transmitted to dream center , Scho is in a dovgasty brain. From the team direct to sluggish vines , As a result of what the slime is seen, the number and the quality of which are due to physical authorities and the number of times.

■ Mind-reflex reaction(Good morning for the participation of measles in the brain): dreaminess, when you see it when you are empty, or when you see it, or when you see the smell of good known products in the middle of it. tried, winkling not wiklikє).

Regulation of the secretion of shlunk juice — complex reflex (Including mental and reflexive and insane components) humoral .

■ To a schematic (complex reflex and humoral) rank, the regulation of secretion zhovchi and juice from the slurry .

■ Mind-reflex reaction(Become aware of the fate of the measles of the great cerebral injections): the secretion of shlunk juice should be repaired back to the hopefulness in shlunks when thinking about izhu, seeing a smell, having smacked the table on the table, etc. Such a sik I.P. Pavlov, calling it "fiery", or "appetizing"; vin gotu shlunok to accept yzhi.

■ Noise, reading, third-party movement and gallowing the mind-reflex reaction. Stress, razdratuvannya, fierceness pidsilyut, and fear and tightness galvanize the secretion of the slunk juice and the motor skills (debris) of the slunk.

■ Mad Reflex: the strengthening of the secretion of slunk juice as a result of the mechanic spreading of the juice (and also of the chemo-spreading with seasonings, pepper, horticosteroids) receptors in the empty mouth and the slurry.

■ Humoral regulation: vivilennya with a mucous membrane of a slunk (for an infusion of products of over-etching) hormones (gastrin and in.), which stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin. Humoral agents - secretin (To pretend to be in twelve-fingered kishtsi) cholecystokinin , Stimulates the adoption of herbal enzymes.

❖ Phase slurry secretion: cephalic (mozkov), shlunkov, kishkov.

■ cephalic phase- the first phase of the slunk secretion, which is against the control of mental and insane reflexes. Triva is close to 1.5-2 years old.

■ slunk phase- another phase of secretion of sap, before the hour of the secretion of the shlunk juice is regulated by hormones (gastrin, histamine), which is established in the shlunk itself and goes with the flow of blood to its clogged cells.

■intestinal phase- the third phase of secretion of sap, before the hour of the secretion of the shlunk juice, it is regulated by chemical words, which is established in the intestines and comes up to the clotted wedges of the shlunk with the blood flow.

❖Regulation of intestinal juice secretion — insanely reflexive and humoral .

■ Reflex regulation: The mucous membrane of the small intestine reflexively sees the intestinal sip, like only sour gruel gruel come into the cob intestine.

■ Humoral regulation: visualization (by pouring in weak hydrochloric acid) with an internal ball, whistling the small intestine, hormones cholecystokininu and secretin , Scho stimulate the secretion of the juice of the podshlunkovaya zalozi and zhovchi. The regulation of the robotic herbal system is closely tied to the mechanisms of the formation of the straight food behavior, In the basis of which to lie feeling hungry, or appetite .

The system of people in the arsenal is equally grave, the knowledge of a personal trainer is borrowed from one of the most honorable reasons, but in sports in general and in fitness in winter, it’s practical whether the result is to stay in the race. type myazovoi masi, Decrease of vagi or yogo utrimannya a lot of what to lie in because of that, as "palyvo" you will lock the system into the grass. What is more beautiful, the result will be more beautiful, the result will be more beautiful, the protest is met at a time, go to the team yourself, as the system of functions and functions is built and efficiently given.

The herbal system is designed for the protection of the body with lively words and components and the production of surplus products of the etching. If you go into the body with a chunk, get your teeth into the mouthful empty, then go down the drain to the slurry, then get overcooked in the small intestine, because of the injected enzyme in the intestines, the food will fall into the form. , which is in the kintsev rakhunka for the evacuation of the body.

Budova herbal system

The grass system of people includes the organ of the intestinal tract, as well as additional organisms, such as the sludge gullet, the podshlunkova zalosa, the gummy meat, the liver, and not only. In the equations of systems, there are three kinds of clever views. Front viddil, before which organisms of the mouthwash, pharynx and stravochid are introduced. Daniy іddіl zdіysnyu supplemented by їzhі, in other words, mechanical processing. Until the middle of the day, carry out the slurry, the small intestine, the slurry and the liver. Here you can see the chemical processing of the food, the moisture of the aging components and the formation of the surplus products of the pickling. The posterior part includes the caudal part of the rectum and the viscous feces from the body.

Budova herbal system and people: 1 Rotova empty; 2 Sky; 3 Testicle; 4 Mova; 5 Teeth; 6 Slynnі zalozi; 7- Pid'yazikova zaliza; 8- Forced hair; 9- Privushna zaliza; 10 Sip; 11- Stravohid; 12- Pechinka; 13- Zhovchny mikhur; 14- Zagalny zhovchny protik; 15- Slunker; 16- Pidshlunkova zalosa; 17- Duct of the slurry zone; 18- Small intestine; 19- Duodenum; 20 Bad gut; 21- Klubova gut; 22- Appendix; 23- Tovsta gut; 24- Crosswise rim gut; 25- Viscous rim gut; 26- Slip intestine; 27- Low rim gut; 28- Sigmoid colon; 29- Rectum; 30- Anal hole.

Shlunkovo-intestinal tract

The average growth of the grass canal in the grown-up people becomes approximately 9-10 meters. In a new way, there are such things: mouth emptying (teeth, mova, sludge), pharynx, stravohid, shlunok, small and tovsta intestine.

• Rotova empty- open, through which you are consumed in organism. Z calling party oozing with lips, and in the middle of the teeth rots out, moving and slipping. The very middle of the mouth is empty, it is rubbed with teeth, slurry from the salmon and prodded into the throat.
• pharynx- a grass tube, which is empty and stravohid. Dovzhina її dorіvnyu is approximately 10-12 cm. All the middle of the pharynx clash with dizzying and equal paths, so, for an hour, the epiglottis is curved into the larynx.
• stravohid- an element of the herb tract, myazovaya tube, along the way from the throat, take it into the slurry. Dovzhina yogo dorіvnyu approximately 25-30 cm. The function of the yogo field in an active proshtovannі improved їzhі to shlunku, without any additional change or items.
• slunk- muscular organ, rostasovaniye in the left edge. Win vistupa in the role of a reservoir for kovtnuv їzhі, healthy biologically active components, overtravel і vmoktu їzhu. The volume of the slurry should be increased from 500 ml to 1 liter, and in some cases, up to 4 liters.
• Small intestine- a part of the herbal tract, rostashovana between the slurry and the intestine. Here ferments are vyroblyayutsya, yak in zyaztsi with enzymes from the slurry ground and zhivka michur, to split the pickling products on the next component.
• Tovsta gut- the element of the herbal tract is frozen, in which water is moistened and the feces are formed. The bowel walls are viscous with a mucous membrane, so that the lining of the surplus products is removed until the organisms are released.

Budova shlunka: 1 Stravohid; 2 Cardial sphinkter; 3 Drainage bottom; 4 Tilo shlunks; 5 Great curvature; 6 Folds of the mucous membrane; 7- goalkeeper sphinkter; 8- Duodenum.

additional organizations

The process of over-etching is determined by the participation of a number of enzymes, which can be found in the juice of the great zalos. Near the empty mouths of the presence of the channels of the slushy trees, which see the sludge and sniff it as the mouth is empty, so also for the lodging of the passage along the route. It is also in the mouth empty for the participation of the enzymes in the sludge to repair the digestion of carbohydrates. In the twelve-fingered gut there is a secretion of siq pidshlunkovoy zalozi, as well as zhovch. In the juice of the bicarbonate, the presence of bicarbonate and cylium has a number of such enzymes, such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, pancreatic amylase and not only. Before entering the intestines, the zhovch accumulates in the gum powder, and the ferments of the gum allow the fat to be split into other fractions, which is accelerated by the lipase enzyme.

• Salivating add to the little and the big. Small rosettes in the slimy shells of the company empty and are classified for rosters (nasal, lips, tongue, molar and weak), for the nature of the products in the form (serous, mucous, change). Razmіri zoloz vary from 1 to 5 mm. The most numerous in the middle are the provinces and the underbelly. There are three bets of the great sleek youngsters: first-rate, forward-looking and forward-looking.
• Pidshlunkova zalosa- an organ of the herbal system, which sees pancreatic sic, which reveals the enzymes that are necessary for digesting proteins, fat and carbohydrates. The head pancreatic channel of the duct clitin is to replace bicarbonate-anioni, to neutralize the acidity of surplus etching products. Ostrovtsevicheskikh apparatus of the nutritive zolozi viroblyaє also hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin.
• Zhovchny mikhur vistupaє in the role of a tank for zhovchі, scho vyroblyatsya with a stove. It is located on the lower surface of the liver and anatomically є її part. Accumulated zhovch vivilnyayє into the small intestine to ensure the normal interruption of etching processes. Oscillations in the very process of etching the gum is not required for the whole hour, but it is not necessary to periodically, the gum dusts are needed for the additional gum ducts and valves.
• pechinka- one of unpaired unpaired organs in til people, like a vison without life, important functions. In addition, take care of the fate of the etching processes. I will preserve the consumption of the organism in glucose, transforming the energy dzherel (virgin fatty acids, amino acids, glucerin, lactic acid) into glucose. Likewise, the liver has an important role in the nutrient toxins, which is useful to the body.

Budova pechinki: 1- the rights of the part pechinki; 2 Pechinkova Vienna; 3 Diaphragm; 4 Liva part of the stove; 5 Pechinkova artery; 6 Gateway vein; 7- Zagalny zhovchny protik; 8- Zhovchny mikhur. I- Shlyakh blood to the heart; II- Shlyakh blood from the heart; III- Shlyakh blood from the intestines; IV- Shlyakh zhovchy to the intestines.

Functions of the herbal system

All functions of the herbal system and people are divided into 4 categories:

• Mechanic. MAU on uvazі detailed і proshtovuvannya їzhі;
• Secretory. Wet production of enzymes, herbal juices, slugs and juices;
• Umoktuvalna. Supplementation of bіlkіv, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water;
• Vidіlya. Vivedennya to the organism of surplus etching products.

At the mouth of the empty for the extra teeth, moving and the product of seeing the slimes, in the course of the season, the first grain of the grain is seen, as it is the polarity in the adjusted and wrinkled. Dal, in the process of kovtannya, so at the viglyadi of the breasts to descend along the drain into the chute, to deduce more chemical and mechanical processing. At the slunker, it accumulates, it sits with slunk juice, which reveals acid, ferments and breaks down bottles. Even in small portions of the humus (rather than a slunk), small portions come into the small intestine; Immediately, in the small intestine, and get wet into the shelter of the living components. These components, which have not been acquired, move away into your intestines, deplete under the infusion of bacteria. In goods of the intestine, it is also soaked in water, and because of the formation of surplus products, the pickling is not overcooked or not in wet feces. Remain vivodat to the body through the anal opening in the process of defecation.

Budova pidshlunkovoy zalozi: 1 Dodatkovy duct of the subshlunkovaya zalozi; 2 The head duct of the bottom slurry; 3 Hvist pidshlunkovoy zalozi; 4 Thylo pidshlunkovoy zalozi; 5 The neck of the slurry hole; 6 hooked outgrowth; 7- Vater papilla; 8- Malium papilla; 9- Zagalny zhovchny protik.

visnovok

The system of people making a living is equally important when engaged in fitness and bodybuilding, in which they naturally cannot be combined. Whether it is hopeful in the organism of living words, such as fat, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and not only, they must go through the grass system. Achievement of any results on a set of meat mass or a decrease in vagina can also be found in the herbal system. Budova gives us intelligence, like a way, like a way, like a function to show the organisms of etching, how to start to learn, and how to get involved with the body and so far. From a healthy herbal system, it is not only your athletic performance that lies behind the great rakhunk, all health in general.

Etching in an empty company. The etching process is repaired already in the empty company. Here you begin to savor the quality of the oil, to repair the primary mechanical and chemical processing of the oil. Mechanical processing of їzhі polyaga in fine-tuned, spicy salty and illumination of grubby breasts. Chemically processed sludge is loaded with ferments in the sludge. Slina is the secret of silky salmon, I have a weak reaction and take away in my warehouse: water - 98.5-99%, inorganic speech - 1-1.5%, enzymes - (ptialin, maltase) and mucin. Mucin - I will lick the tongue, as I give it a thin viscosity and glue the grubby breast. In addition, the sludge will have its function, and lysozyme, a bactericide, is in its warehouse.

The end of the ovarian nerve and the sinus in them is transmitted along the ts'ny nerve (the face of the facial nerve) to the center of the sinus (dovgastia brain), to go along the centric beads of the facial and ulcer of the pharyngeal nerve. It’s easy to get stuck in the mouth emptying for 15-20 seconds. For a whole hour before pouring ptyalin and maltasi, the starch is split into glucose.

It is propelled to pass from the empty company through the pharynx and stravohid into the slurry. The mechanics of the process are as follows:

1.Eating breast (bolus) is directed to the pharynx. Already, the water skips along the spin, and the tip is pressed down until it is firm; for a tsim slіd fast m'yazіv, yake proshtovhuє breast in the throat.

2. The lump will move into stravohid. Stravohid distribution into three functional parts: 1) upper sphincter to stravohode (faryngoesophageal), 2) til and 3) lower sphinkter to stravohode (gastroesophageal). All three parts are characterized by their own quick-feeling activity in calmness and during coopernation.

Etching into the shlunnaya. At the shlunk, the pickling is drawn from the shlunk juice, in the sour middle. Enzymes (pepsin, chymosin, lipase), hydrochloric acid, mucus and інші organic and inorganic speech are included in the storage of slurry juice. When pepsin is present, in the presence of hydrochloric acid, the bottles are split on the industrial speech of peptonia and albumosis. Khimozin wiklikє curdling milk, which is great value in kharchuvanny children early vik... Lipase for fatty emulsification and breakdown into glucerin and fatty acids.

The presence of hydrochloric acid and active enzyme and bactericidal activity. Slime of the preyє I will slush the slurry from mechanical and chemical ears. The amount and storage of slunk juice is not permanent, the stench lays down due to the nature of the sludge. Kitchen sil, Water, extractive speeches of vegetables and meat, products of over-etching bіlkіv, spice stimulate, and fat - galmuє juice secretion.

Slunk motor. Quickly to fix it and invite you to do it in the middle of the slurry in the world of letting in before the transition to the twelve-fingered intestine. Tsi hvili, overly peristaltic, expand at a frequency of 3 in 1 hv. With the praises of speed, we tied the grip of the growing amplitude and triviality. Chvili I and II type - the main rhythmic chvili vise versatile amplitude. The triviality of їх from 2 to 20s, and the stench occurs at a frequency of 2-4 in min. Ymovіrno, the vice is generated by peristaltic speed. Type III is stored from folding hvil in the grip of triviality close to hvilini.

Emptying the slunk. The liquidity of the suction, having poured the mass from the slunk into the intestine, lay the head rank from the physical-chemical warehouse in the slunk and two twelve-fingered intestines. In the carbohydrates, go from the slunker more for everything, the bricks - more, and the fat will go into the slurry more for everything.

Consistency instead of the slunk can be injected for an hour of evacuation. The big pieces of meat will go into the shlunk more than any other. Hypotonic solutions are better absorbed into the slurry, lower isotonic, and solutions with a pH of 5.3, or lower, are absorbed into the slurry.

Evacuation in place of the slunk is to lay in the form of the slunk from the twelve-fingered intestine, the alent mechanism of the act of non-domia. In addition, a number of possibilities are called, but itself: 1) the activity of the pyloric sphincter, 2) the slunk-intestinal hormones, and 3) coordinated cycles of activity in the input and the proximal part of the duodenal intestine. At the speedy entrance, go the last speedy collar (pylorus) and twelve-fingered intestines.

Shlunkovo-intestinal hormones - gastrin, secretin and cholecystokinin - galactic evacuation, even though it is not clear yet. Fat in the intestines tends to galmuvate the waste of the slurry, perhaps, through secretin.

Small intestine poisoning. Hedgehog, partly digested in a shlunk, goes into the small intestine, the devil will get over-poisoned and get wet. In the small intestine, a sample of pancreatic and intestinal juices is needed for additional help.

Possible enzymes: trypsin, maltase and lipase. I win my reaction.

Trypsin breaks down the protein to amino acids. Lipase breaks down fat to glucerin and fatty acids. Maltase is cleaved in carbohydrates to glucose.

W e l h - ridina of dark brown color, weakly alkaline reaction, go into the intestine twelvefold only for an hour of pickling. Zhovchovіlennya zbuzhutsya, in the main, fats and extractive words of meat. Zhovch emulsifying fat and sprying it out in water, feeding enzymes in slurry juice, stimulates the activity of the intestines, drives microbes and, in such a rank, overwhelms the processes of grit in the intestine.

Up to the first time, it is violated by the loses of the mucous membrane of the small intestine and to avenge the onset of enzymes: epsin, amylase, lactase, lipase and in. The enzyme completes the etching in the intestines. Erepsin breaks down albumosis and peptonia to amino acids. Amilase, lactase is split into carbohydrates to glucose. Lipase breaks down fat to glucerin and fatty acids. In the small intestine, in the main, the process of over-etching and the process of moistening the living words into the roof and lymph will end. Vsmoctuvannya zd_ysnyuєtsya, head rank, intestinal villi. Bilki soak into the shelter of the amino acids. Amino acids, which are soaked in tissue cells, are synthesized by proteins, specific for given to the body... In a carbohydrate, soak into the shelter of a glucose viglyad. Glucose is soaked in ovens and glucose is synthesized to synthesize glycogen. Fat soak up in the eyes of fatty acids and glucerin in the lymph capillary of the villi, minus the liver, along the thoracic lymph prototypes go straight into the roof. Fatty acids and glycerin are synthesized by the fat organisms necessary.

Ascending and unperturbed, passing into the intestine. Tsim processes add to the collapse of the small intestine - sickness, or speed, two types, and the segmentation itself, in the past, is called fast type I, and peristalsis.

Segmentation, short-cut, repeatable through the correct intervals (about 10 times for 1 hour) and serve to change the chemical. The fast food dies are replaced by the fast food dies, and the navpacks.

Intestinal motility. There is a wandering and a bit of pressure in the village. As a result of the bitterness, the bran products (indol, skatole and in.) Are set up, when it gets wet through the gated vein into the oven, it’s deviously, it’s getting out of the way and getting into the organisms through the cross-section. All speeches, except fat, get wet in the intestines and flow through the system of gates into the liver. The water and monosaccharides are kindly soaked in your intestines. Every day it gets wet close to 1.3 liters of water, so to take revenge on electricity - the number is usually small, but not enough for it to be solid fecal matter.

Over-digestion of the mass is projected along the intestine with a combination of three types of rukhiv, or very quickly, and the segmentation itself, multigastric projection, peristalsis.

The appearance of feces is called defecation. Defecation is a reflex act. The feces, which were taken in the end of the sigmoid colon, dragged out the receptor, rosted in the mucous membrane of the intestine, the stool passed into the rectum, and the receptors in the rest of the intestine were eroded. Center for the reflex of defecation of rosetting in kryzhovoy viddili spinal cordі is located under the control of the brain.

Regulation of etching processes. The activity of the herbal system is regulated by nerve and humoral mechanisms.

Nervous regulation of herbal function is to become a food center behind the help of clever and insane reflexes, efferent paths that are set up with nice and parasympathetic nerve fibers. The reflex arcs can be "dovgy" - they stutter in the centers of the brain and spinal cord and "short", stagnate in the peripheral in the non-organ (extramural) or internal (intramural) ganglia.

The sight and the smell of їzhі, the hour and the situation; Priyom їzhі, drauyuchi empty mouth receptor, wiklikє insane reflexes, providing sap secretion of grass vines. It is of a similar type to the reflex flow, especially in the upper part of the herbal tract. In the world of vision, the fate of reflexes in the regulation of herbal function is changing. So, in the greatest world, the reflex turns into a stream on the slinky, sometimes less - on the slurry, even less - on the slurry.

With the change in the meaning of reflex mechanisms of regulation, there is a change in the meaning of humoral mechanisms, especially hormones, which are established in special endocrine cells of the mucous membrane of the slunk, 12 empty guts, In the slurry zone. These hormones are called gastrointestinal. In the small and large intestine, the role of local mechanisms of regulation is especially great - the muscle mechanics and chemical development of the movement of the intestine in the muscle of the child.

In such a rank, there is a strong gradation in the development of nerve and humoral regulatory mechanisms in the herbal tract, but the activity of one and the same organ can be controlled by a number of mechanisms. For example, the secretion of slunk juice is affected by true reflexes, gastrointestinal hormones and local neuro-humoral mechanisms.

Consume the body in energy, plastic materials and elements necessary for the formation of the inner middle, satisfied with the herb system.

Viconavchi elements of the herbal system are connected to the etching system with a tube with compact, hairy apparatuses tied therewith.

At the regulatory part of the herbal system, they develop mice and central regions. Mycelium rhyven is provided with a part of the metasympathic nervous system and the endocrine system of the intestinal tract. The central rіven includes a number of structures of the central nervous system from the spinal cord up to the measles of the great pіvkul.