Kistkova fabric - the basics of histology. Classification of knitted fabrics Histology of knitted fabrics

plate part kistkova fabric (textus osseus lamellaris) - the most widespread type of cyst fabric in a mature body... Vaughn be stocked from kistkovy records (lamellae ossea). The community and the rest of the family go from dozens to hundreds of micrometers. The stench is not monolith, but to take revenge on fibrils, located in small areas.

At the central part of the plates, they may be overwhelmed. late straight, Along the periphery - to add tangentially and transversely to straighten. The plates can be shaved, and they can be trivialized in the suspension, flipping through one fibrous base of the brush. In addition, the cyst plates are penetrated with fibrils and fibers, oriented perpendicular to the cyst plates, are embedded in the intermediate balls between them, in order to reach the great capacity of the plate tissue of the cysts. Thin tissue stimulates and is more compact, and spongy often occurs in the large number of flat and tubular cysts of the skeleton.

Gistologicheskie budova tubal brushes yak organ

The tubular cyst yak organ is mainly stimulated by the plate-frequent cyst tissue, crim humps. The name of the cyst is in the area, behind the vignette of the lumpy surfaces of the epiphyses, covered with hyalin cartilage.

around, Abo periosteum ( periosteum). There are two balls in the window: call(Fibrous) i internal(Klіtinniy). This is the name of the ball of assertions in the main fibrous tissue. The internal ball is to avenge the osteogenic cambial cells, preosteoblasts and osteoblasts of the differential stage. Cambial cells of the fusiform form may have a small volume of cytoplasm and, in addition to the amount of synthetic ap- paratus. Preosteoblasts - energetic proliferative cells of oval form, building up the synthesis of mucopolisaccharide. Osteoblasts are characterized by a highly developed biloxynthesis (collagen) apparatus. It is necessary to pass through the eyes to give life to the cyst of the judgment and the nerves.

Ostya tying a bunch of navkolishny fabrics and taking care of the fate of the trophy, development, growth and regeneration.

budova diaphiza

The diaphysis of the cyst is compact, it is stored from cyst plates, [the thickness of which ranges from 4 to 12-15 microns]. Kistkovy plates are expanded in the singing order, osteoni, Abo Haversian systems. The diaphiz has three balls:

the call ball of the back plates,

middle, osteonic ball, i

internal ball of the back plates.

The names of the main (general) plates do not fit on the outside of the rings near the diaphysis of the brush, they are crooked on the surface by the stepping balls of the plates. Internal back plates are kindly developed only there, de compact the speech of the brush without the middle between the empty cartridges. In quiet places, the decompact speech goes into the lip part, and the inner back of the plate progresses into the plates of the cross-bars of the lip part.

The piercing (folkman's) canals are lining up at the lateral plates, behind the yachts from the side in the middle of the basket the judges enter. From the side of the eye, collagen fibers penetrate into the bristle with small coats. Fiber is named perforating (sharpey) fibers... Most often, the stench grows only in the outer sphere of the posterior plates, or it can penetrate into the middle osteonic sphere, while the stench does not enter the osteon plates.

In the middle ball of the cyst, the plates are shattered into osteons. At the cyst plates, the collagen fibrils, soldered in the matrix, are melted. Fibrili may be more straightforward, but the stink of an osteon parallel to the axis of the osteon is less important.

osteoni(Gavers and systems) є structural units of a compact speech pipe. The stench is a cylinder, which is stored from cyst plates, like bi inserted one into one. At the cyst plates and between them, the cyst cells and sprouts, walled up in the cystic interstices, grow. Skin osteon is made of susceptible osteons, so called spine line, approved by the main speech, cement-based. At the central canal of the osteon, there are blood vessels from supervascular tissue and osteogenic cells.

The larger part of the diaphysis is made more compact by the diaphragm of the tubular brushes. On the inner surface of the diaphysis, between the edge of the empty cyst, there is a plate of the cyst tissue on the end of the cyst crossbar of the lip of the cyst. The emptying of the diaphysis of the tubular cysts is stored by the cystic marrow.

endost (endosteum) - the shell, which curls the brush from the side of the empty wheel. At the end of the formed surface of the brush, the osmiophilic lines are developed on the new edge of the minimalized speech of the brush; osteoid ball, which can be stored from amorphous speech, collagen fibrils and osteoblasts, blood-bearing capillaries and nerve ends, a ball of luscious clitin, loosely visible endoscopy from cells of the cyst. Tovshina endosta perevisti 1-2 µm, a little less, below the periosteum.

Mіzh endostom і periosteum іnu singular microcirculation of rіdini і mineral speech clerks of Lacunar-canaltsev system of cyst textile.

Vascularization of cyst tissue... Blood-bearing judges set up a thick border at the inner sphere. Take an ear of thin arterial beads, such as blood loss of osteons, penetrate into cystic brain through the living openings and take part in the established living spaces of the capillaries. Lymphatic judges roztashovuyutsya head rank in the last ball of the eye.

Innervation of the knot fabric. In the vicinity of the muscle and the lack of nerve fibers, gossip is created. Part of the fibers of the supervascular blood vessels and penetrate through them through the vein openings in one canal, and then into the canal of osteons and distant to the cystic brain. One part of the fibers will end up in vilny nerve hairs, as well as take care of the fate of the encapsulated age.

Development, growth and regeneration of the brush. Osteoclasts, its structure and functions.

The development of kistok is a trivial process. It’s a win to start at the people from the early embryonic stages and to end in the middle to the 20th century. Stretching all the way through the growth of the brush, the yak grows in size, so it is wide.

Growth of a pipe brush for dinner take care of it metaepiphyseal cartilage plate In each case, two opposite histogenetic processes are manifested. One is the process of refining the epiphyseal plate based on the statements of the cyst tissue, and the other process is the non-spinning of the cartilage tissue by the way of the new tissue. However, in an hour, the processes of ruining the cartilage tissue are repaired over the processes of renewal, as a result of which the cartilage plate groans and grows.

Metaepiphyseal cartilage has three zones:

near the cordon area (intact cartilage),

the zone of most frequent (actively distributed) clitin i

zone of cystic (dystrophic changes) clitin.

The near-cordon zone, rosted close to the epiphysis, is stored in rounded and oval cells and single isogenic groups, which will prevent the ligaments of the cartilage plate from the epiphysis cyst. In empty cells with cyst and cartilage, there are blood-bearing capillaries, so that the cells of the cells of the deep-lying zones of the cartilaginous plate will not be cured. The zone of one hundred frequent clientele is to take revenge on the actively proliferating clitines, which form the columns, spread along the axis of the basket, and prevent the growth and increase the amount of food. Proximal columns are stored for ripening, differentiating cartilaginous cells. The zone of bladder clitins is characterized by hydration and rupture of chondrocytes with increased endochondral ossification. distal view in the middle of the zone between the diaphysis, the osteogenic cells and the blood-bearing capillaries penetrate into it. Later, the columns of the enchondral cyst are arranged along the day by cystic tubules, on which osteoni are formed.

By the end of the day, the center of ossification in the diaphysis and epiphysis will get angry and the growth of the brush will end in the evening.

Growth of a pipe brush wide zd_ysnyuєtsya for the periosteum. On the side of the periosteum, an early start is made with concentric spheres of a thin-fibered brush. Tsei appointing growth is trivial until the end of the form of the brush. The number of osteons without the middle population is small, even up to 25 years in most of them Kintzіvok The number of them is significant to increase.

Kistkova fabrics - find fabrics in our body. Vona viconuє without lich functions. In histology, cyst tissue is brought up to a type of skeletal tissue, and so is cartilage tissue. Clines of skeletal tissues, including cysts, are developed from mesenchies.

Skeleton fabrics

Skeletal fabrics and visually functionless functions:

1. Kistki are the support of all organisms. The skeleton allows people to build up in one piece and increase from soft fabrics, feel it in the open space.
2. Zavdyak skeleton we can collapse. It’s not possible to hang up to the kistok, like, in your own heart, to make the importance of the ruch, so you can allow it to be victorious.
3. The depot of the bagatokh of the mineral speech is located itself in the folds of the fabric. Cystkova tissues take care of the role in the metabolism of phosphates and calcium.
4. In the cysts, and in the red cystic marrow itself, blood is seen.

The functions of cystic fabrics in histology are designed to be related to the functions of all skeletal fabrics, however, the chain of fabrics has a number of unique powers.

The main rice and vidministyu of the cyst fabrics from the other ones is high instead in all the minerals, about 70%. We will explain the magic of the stocks, and even the small words of the keystocks are not in a solid state.

K_stkov_ fabrics. Chemistry warehouse of kistkovo fabrics

Kistkov's fabric needs to be picked up from vivchennya її chemistry warehouse... Do not allow intelligence and special power. Instead of organic speech in the fabric, it becomes 10 to 20%. Lead to revenge from 6% to 20%, mineral speech, like it is said more, most - up to 70%. The main elements of the mineral speech of the cyst are calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. It is also very high in mineral salts.

The introduction of organic and non-organic speeches of the cyst fabric will explain the virtue, springiness of the cysts, and their capacity for displaying great value. At the same hour, a high number of mineral speeches are busy, but the keys are meaningful.

Mіzhklіtinniy speech is approved for 95% by type I collagen. Organic speech accumulates on the fibers of the bile. Phosphoproteins collect the accumulated calcium ions in cysts. The proteoglycans take on the ringing collagen from the mineral springs, setting up which, in their own accord, supplements the pool of phosphatase and osteonectin, which stimulates further growth of crystals of inorganic spoluks.

classy components

Clinics of cyst tissue in histology can be divided into three types: osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. Klіtinnі components interconnect between themselves, setting up an integral system.

osteoblasts

Osteoblasts - a cell of a cubic, oval shape with an eccentrically rosette nucleus. The size of such cells should be approximately 15-20 microns. The organelles are good, the granular EPC and the Golgi complex are rotated, which can explain the active synthesis of exported proteins. In histology, cytoplasm of cytoplasm, cytoplasm, is basophilic on cytoplasm preparations.

The osteoblasts are localized on the surface of the cyst beams in the cysts, where the stench is deposited at the adult cysts in the spongy speech. In the formed cysts, the osteoblasts can be seen in the perivascular space of the osteons.

Osteoblasts take on a role in osteogenesis. The masters of active synthesis and export of bricks are adopted by the matrix of bricks. Zavdyaki luzhnoyphosphatase, yak is active in cells, where the accumulation of mineral speech. Do not forget about those who are osteoblasts - tse interiors of osteocytes. Osteoblasts see matrix bulbs, in addition to starting the process of setting crystals from mineral spines in a cyst matrix.

Osteareas are active and rest. Actively take part in osteogenesis and produce matrix components. The resting osteoblasts with the endosteal membrane seize the cyst from the osteoclasts. The resting osteoblasts can be woken up once they wake up the brush.

osteocytosis

Osteocytosis is a healthy, kindly differentiated cell of cyst tissue, which can be stitched one at a time in gaps, called cyst empty. Clitini is oval in shape with numerical outgrowths. The size of the osteocytes should be approximately 30 microns in width and up to 12 in width. Twist the kernel, straighten it in the center. Chromatin condensed, making big breasts. The organelles are weak, but the synthetic activity of osteocytes is low. Clitini make one by one sprouts in addition to clitine contacts of nexuses, making syncytes. Behind the outgrowths, there is an exchange of words between the tissue of the cyst and the blood-bearing vessels.

osteoclasts

Osteoclasts, on the type of osteoblasts and osteocytes, resemble blood cells. Osteocytes are established when they are badly decorated with promos, which means that they do not get involved in their clients and protect them to symplasts.

Behind the Buda osteoclast, they represent the great trochs of the well-knit cells. The size of the kinetin can vary from 60 to 100 microns. The cytoplasm can be farrowed like Oxyphilic or basophilic, all lie in the form of blood.

The client can see a number of zones:

1. Basal, to avenge the main organelles and nuclei.
2. The lining of microvilli is corrugated to penetrate the brush.
3. The vesicular zone, in which there is a lot of fermentation cyst.
4. Svitla adhesion zone, where there is a fixation of the clitini.
5. rozrobts_ zone

Osteoclasts to shape the cyst tissue, to take part in the development of the cyst. Ruynuvannya kistkovoi speech, or, in the opinion, resorption, - an important stage to awaken, in order to cover the new speech for the additional osteoblasts. Localization of osteoclasts is found in the relocation of osteoblasts, in the debris on the surfaces of the cyst beams, in the endosteum and the environment.

around

Outside storage of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteogenic cells, which take part in the growing and renewed cysts. Owing to the richness of blood-bearing vessels, the spines of which are wrapped around the brush, penetrating into the tongue.

In histology, the classification of cyst tissues is not great. Fabrics should be divided into coarse fiber and plate parts.

Rough-fibrous knit fabric

Rough-fibered cistkova fabrics are created mainly in children before their people. In an overbearing won, it gets lost in the seams of the skull, in the dental alveoli, in internal vusi, In places the tendon is attached to the cysts. Rough-fibrous cystkova tissue in histology begins at the front of the plate.

The fabric is stored from chaotically disassembled bundles of collagen fibers, which are disassembled in a matrix, which is then stored from inorganic chains. In the same way, there are blood-bearing judges, as rozvineni are weak. Osteocytosis roseta in the small intestine in the lacunae and canal systems.

Plate

All the bones to the body of the stature, behind the vignette are the attachment of the tendons and the cranial sutures, are stored from the plate-often cyst with the resulting fabric.

On the basis of coarse fibrous cyst tissue, all components of the plate are often structured and set up cyst plates. in the boundaries of one plate there is one straight line.

There are two types of lamellar cyst tissue in histology - spongy and compact.

sponge

At the spongy speech, the plates are combined into trabeculi, a structural unit of speech. Arcuate plates lie parallel to one to one, fixing without junction box beams. The plates are arranged right along the trabeculae themselves.

Trabekuli z'єdnuyutsya one by one pіd small kutas, setting up an overall structure. At the gaps between the knuckle beams, there are knots of commodes, which are porous, I will name the fabrics. In the middle there is a red cyst's brain and judgment, to live the cyst.

The mouth of the mouth is located at the inner part of the flat and lip parts, in the epiphyses and inner balls of the diaphysis of the pipe parts.

Compact k_stkove speech

The histology of the plate-often cyst fabric is guilty of being kindly vivchen, T.

Kistkovі plates in a compact speech roztasvanі on cola, the stench is put one in one, making a solid pile, de practically no promises. Structural unit є osteon, cystic plates. Plates can be divided into several types.

1. The title of the general plate. Raztashovuyutsya directly to the sides, operating the entire brush. In spongy and flat brushes, the speech can be rotated only by such plates.
2. Osteons of the plate. This type of plates will fix osteoni, concentric plates, which lie next to the Sudins. Osteon is the main element of the compact speech of the diaphragms in the tubular cysts.
3. Inserted plates, such as surpluses of rounded plates.
4. Internal general plates to feel the cystovascular canal with the same cystovymus.

The compact speech line is localized in the surface ball of flat and spongy cysts, in the diaphysis and surface balls of the tubular cysts.

The bone is covered with oysters, so that they can take revenge on the cambial cells, who are ready to grow into a commodity. It is also in the vicinity of the osteoblast and osteoclast.

A ball of general plates should be laid on top of the bone.

At the very center of the tubular brush, there is bone marrow empty, covered with an endostom. The endost covers the internal general plates, placing them in the ring. Up to the cyst-carcinoma emptying, you can mix the trabeculi of the spongy speech, so in some parts of the plate there can be a few turns.

Between the outer balls and the inner balls of the general plates, the osteon ball of the brush grows. At the center of the cutaneous osteon there is a Haversian canal with a blood-bearing vessel. The Gavers canals are formed between the transverse Volkmann canals. The space between the plates and the dish is called perivascular, the dish is covered with fluff available fabric on And in the perivascular space, there are cells, podbn_ to cells of the eye. Feel the canal with the balls of the osteons of the plates. Osteoni have one form of a single resorption line, as they are not often called spines. Also, between osteons there are inserted plates, which represent surplus material of osteons.

Between the osteon plates, the cyst lacunae are shattered with osteocytes bogged down in them. The growths of osteocytes form the canaliculi, along which perpendicular to the plates transport is carried living talk in kistki.

Fibers of collagen allow to bachiti into the microscope of the cyst canal and empty, since the collagen of the dilenka is fried with brown color.

In histology, lamellar cyst tissue is marked according to Shmorl for the preparation.

osteogenesis

Osteogenesis is straight and indirect. Direct development is connected with mesenchies, with a clitin with a good fabric. Indirectly - from the cartilage clitin. In histology, direct osteogenesis of cyst tissue can be seen in front of the indirect one, because K. is more forgiven and ancient mechanism.

straight osteogenesis

With the free tissue, the cranial cysts, other cysts of the hand and the other flat cysts are developed. In the set up of the stocks in this way, you can see the chotiri stages

1. Osvita of the skeletal primordium. At the first month of somites in the mesenchyme, you can use the stromal stovburovs of cells. Vіdbuvaєtsya breeding clitin, bagachennya textiles with vessels. For the added factors in the growth of cells, the purchase of up to 50 pieces is molded. Clitini secrets the bottles, multiply and grow. The process of differentiation is launched in the stubbrow stromal cells, the stench is transformed into the osteogenic cells of the middle.
2. Osteoid stage. In osteogenic cells, synthesis of proteins and accumulation of glucogen is observed, the organelle is older, the stench is more active. Osteogenic cells synthesize collagen and other cells, for example cystic morphogenetic cells. Years later, the cells repair and differentiate in the osteoblast. Osteoblasts take on a role in the form of micro-speech, common minerals and rich in organic speech, osteoid. Osteocytes and osteoclasts are at the most stage.
3. Mineralization of osteoid. The whole process also takes on the fate of the osteoblast. They have started the activity of phosphatase, the activity of the accumulation of mineral speech. The cytoplasm contains matrix bulbs, filled with osteocalcin and calcium phosphate. Mineral speech sticks to the collagen and osteocalcin. Trabekuli grow up and, living one by one, make a borderline, and then get rid of mesenchyme and judgment. Otrimana fabrics are called primordial overflowing fabrics. Cystkova fabric is coarse-fibered, shaped like a primordial lip. At the tsyu stage with the mesenchims, okistia are established. Close to the blood-bearing vines, the cells grow, and then there will be a brother's fate in the growth and regeneration of the cell.
4. Osvita cyst plates. At the first stage, the replacement of the primary re-flashing of the cyst fabric on the plate part is being introduced. Osteoni will repair the gaps between the trabeculae. From the blood-bearing vessels, the osteoclasts come into the cyst, which are set up in the empty space. The osteoclast itself is set empty for the cystic marrow, injected onto the shape of the cyst.

indirect osteogenesis

Indirect osteogenesis against the development of tubular and labial cysts. For the rationalization of all mechanisms in osteogenesis, it is necessary to sort out well in the histology of cartilage and cyst of the resulting tissues.

The whole process can be split into three stages:

1. Osvita cartilage model. In chondrocyte diaphysis, there is a lack of lifelong speech and become fatty. Matrix bulbs can be seen to be produced before the histology of cartilage and tissue knitting. The smell of mending replaces one one. The perichondrium becomes oyster. Chondrogenic cells pass into osteogenic, which, in their own heart, become osteoblasts.
2. Osvita of the primordial sponge cistka. On the basis of the cartilage model, the vine is coarse fibrous with the resulting tissue. It is also possible to set the perichondral cyst cuff, cyst cuff, and osteoblasts to set trabeculae directly in the memory of the diaphysis. Through the examination of the cyst cuff, the cartilage harvesting becomes unwell, and the chondrocytes repair the ginut. Khryashov and kistkova fabrics in histology are even more collaborative. Slide behind the bend of the chondrocytes of the osteoclasts, the canals are established from the periphery of the cyst to the glibinum, behind some of the osteoblasts, osteogenic cells and blood vessels. To fix the enchondral ossification, in an hour to go to the epiphyseal.
3. Perebudova fabrics. The primary coarse fibrous fabric is gradually transferred to the plate part.

Rist and development of kistkovo fabric

Rist kistki among people go up to 20 years. The bone grows in width for the shell of the bone, and for the shell of the meta-epiphyseal plate grows. In the metaepiphyseal plate, it is possible to see the zone of rest of the cartilage, the zone of columnar cartilage, the zone of plump cartilage and the zone of the rendered cartilage.

Unlikeli factors injected into the growth and development of the stocks. There may be a factor of the inner middle, the factor of the last middle, a shortage or an oversupply of singing words.

The development of supervising the resorption of old fabrics and substitutions of new and young. V childish the cysts grow even more actively.

The growth of the cysts is infused with no hormones. For example, somatotropin stimulates the growth of cysts, even if there is an excess of acromegaly, if not, it is dwarfism. Insulin is necessary for the proper development of osteogenic and stubbrow stromal cells. Statements of hormones can also be injected onto the growth of the cysts. Їх amendments instead of early vіtsі can lead to the shortening of cysts through the early ossification of the metaepiphyseal plate. Їх reductions in the place of adulthood can lead to osteoporosis, causing the cysts to become crunchy. hormone thyroid gland to produce calcitonin to activate osteoblasts, parathyrin increases the number of osteoclasts. Thyroxine is injected into the center of the ossification, and the hormones of the supra-nirkoval lobes - into the regeneration processes.

On the growth of the bottles, pour in the same actions of vitamins. Vitamin C for collagen synthesis. With hypovitaminoses, it is possible to promote confidence in the regeneration of cyst tissue, histology during similar processes can help determine the cause of the disease. Vitamin A will accelerate osteogenesis, should be respected, for that, with hypervitaminosis, the cyst rutting is prevented. Vitamin D supplements the body's absorption of calcium, and in case of autaminoses, cysts are reduced. At the same time, the tissue was established in the histology of supervising the term osteomalacia, as well as symptoms characteristic of rickets in children.

perebudova kistki

In the process, the replacement of coarse-fibrous fabric with a plate part, updating of the cyst speech, regulation in the place of mineral speech is needed. In the middle of the market, 8% of cyst speech is formed, and moreover, the spinal tissue is 5 times more intensive, less lamellar. In the histology of the copy of the fabric, the mechanisms of the circulation of the flowers come with a special respect.

Perebudova includes resorption, tissue ruining and osteogenesis. In addition, the resorption can be overridden. Tsim explain osteoporosis in young people.

The process of waking up and stocking up on the steps: activation, development, reverse and formulation.

Regeneration of the cyst tissue in the histology is seen as a kind of wake-up call. The whole process is even more important, a little more important, I know the factors, which is injected into the process of regeneration, we can accelerate it, but it is even more important in case of fractures of the cysts.

Knowledge of histology, cyst fabrics, people and people, as well as likars, as well as extravagant people. Reasonable actions of mechanisms can help you to find out about by-word speeches, for example, in cases of fractures, in cases of injuries. Budova kistkovoi fabrics in histology to do good vivcheno. But all the same, there are few fabrics that are far from growing up to the last.

Busy number 10

Rukh. structure support-arm systems... Prevention її zahvoryuvan

II. skeleton

III. myazovy apparat

budova m'yaziv

2) Groupy m'yaziv

I. Functional structure of the support-arm system

1) support tila

2) Relocation of space or parts in space

3) Zakhisna(zahist internal organs, Head i spinal cord ta in.)

The main principle of the function of the system

1) The basic principle of the skeleton function: practical according to the laws of mechanics

2) The main principle of the function of the meat apparatus:

A) good (svidomy) character of speed

B) a large number of languages ​​are grouped in a functional complex - agony (there is no change in the body of any part in one straight line) and antagonism (there is a change in the body of some part in the anti-tension); The robot is able to achieve the coordination of the processes of energy and galvanization in the neurons of the somatic arches)

C) when overwhelming navantazhennyah on mu'yazi, the camp is developed in them; who knows m'yazovi boliі in the presence of an obvious shortage of sourness in the tissue of muscular tissue (delivery as soon as possible), activation of glycolysis, illumination of excess amounts of lactic acid and into the external bloodstream

3) Regulatory mechanisms

A) the nerve regulation of the musculoskeletal system and somatic feedback nervous system

B) the basic principle of regulation is reflex (somatic reflex arcs get lost on the spinal cord and brain stem)

C) an important role in the activity of the somatic nervous system middle brain

C) in the Lankan system of regulation of rukhiv є bark great pіvkul endocrine brain(Shkіrno-m'yazovі zones, localized by offense sides from central furrow)

D) order with reinsured visce nerve structures an important role in the regulation of mucous activity is playing the cerebellum, the basal nucleus of the endocrine marrow, the lambic system.

II. skeleton

Nalichu ponad 200 kistok. Budova kistok.

1) Classification of stocks:

Flat cysts (ex: forehead and temporal cysts of the skull, scapula, sternum)

Tubular parts (ex: stegnova, shoulder)

Anatomichna budova kistok

Flat brushes: stacked from two thin plates, between which are the lips

Tubular kistok: in the tubular brush there are two epiphys, confirmed by the spongy speech, and by the diaphis, prompting from the compact speech. Epіphіzi zvnі pokritі hіalіnovyh cartilage (part of the sunglobovy apparatus)

The diaphragm of the coverings to the sides, from the middle, from the side of the cyst-emptying - endostome; Outside the viconus and trophic functions, as well as preserving the growth (in general) and regeneration of the brush.

Gistologicheskie budova kistok

Quotes of people growing up are stored from a plate of frequent quilted fabrics; coarse fibrous cyst tissue is designed only in the cranial sutures and muscles attached to the tendons to the cysts. The home plan of microscopic bud and cyst tissue: an elementary structural block of a plate-frequent cyst tissue є a cyst plate, which is folded from helplessly parallel organic collagen fibers, leaked to phosphoric acid, calcium From the cyst plates, structures of a higher order are formed - osteoni, general plates and cyst packets. Osteon is a system of concentric cylinders, a wall of which is established by a cyst plate, in the center of which a canal passes through, in order to avenge the judges and nerves of the fibers. It is important to note that the fibers in the suspension cylinders do not break down directly, so that the high mechanical design in general will not be provided. Osteoni are the basis of a compact pipe line. General plates є bezlich (as a rule, up to ten) extended cystous plates, rosttasvannyh along the outer and inner perimeters of the diaphysis of the tubular cysts. Cystkovy package є a set of decilkoh cystkovy plates. Bezlіch kіstkovih paketіv formuyut gubchastu rechovinu flat kіstok i epіfіzіv trubchastih kіstok, neobhіdno pіdkresliti scho vnutrіshnya arhіtektura kіstok such scho OOO All їhnі strukturnі Elements organіzovanі in prostorі vіdpovіdno to directly Silov lіnіy, zavdyaki chomu dosyagaєtsya-valued mіtsnіst at vіdnosno malіy tovschinі kіstok.

z'єднання кісток

A) Without interruption: it is characterized by the obvious laying between the knots, which is stored with the full tissue (ex: ridge ligaments), cartilage (ex: inter-spine discs), cyst tissue (ex: ),

B) Pererivanim: characterized by the offensive budovy: mіzh kisstki є empty, yak take revenge іdinu, yak change rubbing the slop surfaces (ostnі, as the meaning of the tree, cover with hіalіn cartilage). The suglobovy apparatus includes additional structures, sprinkles, a suglobovy bag with a complete fabric. Predominantly pererivanyh loam: cylindrical (ex: loam with I and II shinny ridges), blocky (ex: midphalangeal loam), elipsoidnі (ex. swamp great finger), Flat (ex: slope between flat ridges of ridges), kulyastiy (ex: tazostegnovy slope)

skeleton views

A) The skeleton of the head (skull) includes: the cerebral view is stored in six boxes - one frontal, two times, two skrone, one long), the face is made up of five main boxes - one upper slot, One lower slit, two bony cysts, one small cyst.

B) Skeleton of the view tulub:

· A ridge, stimulated from the edges of ridges, from 'є Okremiy Ridge є Kistkove Kil'tse. The ridge is stored from five types of ridges: shyny (7 ridges), thoracic (12 ridges), transverse (5 ridges), kryzhoy (5 grown ridges), coccygeal (4-5 grown ridges). The ridge is characterized by an S-like shape, machotiri virgini: two backward (kifosi) and two forward (lordosis).

· breast tissue, Which includes a pectoral ridge, a sternum, 12 pairs of ribs (10 of them are closed from the sternum, 2 - hitki)

C) the skeleton of the patterns of the representations by the upper patterns, which are folded from the belts of the upper patterns: 2 shoulder blades, 2 collarbones. The skeleton of a vіlnoy kіntsіvka: shoulder (shoulder caster), anterior (lіktyova i exchange of kistki), Hand (wrist, metacarpus, fingers). Lower prints are represented by a belt lower kintzivok, It can be stored in a basin (a basket of containers, it is stored in a double bowl and a basket). Skeleton of a beautiful picture: stegno ( stegnova kistka), Gomіlku (large and small homilkovі worms), foot (worms Peredplesno, moldy, fingers).

III. myazovy apparat

Nalichu ponad 400 m'yaziv

budova m'yaziv

A) Anatomy Budova... M'yaz is an organ in which it develops a fast-feeling part (for example, it folds from the head, the end, and the tail) and the tendon (prompted by the specially designed tissue), for the help of which wines are attached to the bone. Structures; The call is covered by the fasts. Rіznodydi m'yazіv:

The number of heads (two-headed, for example, two-headed m'yaz shoulder), triglava, on the butt, trigolovy m'yaz of the shoulder, chotiriglav_, on the butt, chotiriglaviy m'yaz stegna)

For the shape (dovgi, for example, two-headed shoulder, short, for example, short, short fingers of the hand, wide, for example, diaphragm)

Histological Budova M'yaziv:

basis skeletal cells become skeletal m'yazova fabric, Structural unit of yakoi є m'yaz fiber (symplast)

Myazov fiber is covered with a thin semi-woven sheath, in which pass the judgment and nerves

Groups of meat fibers to form bundles of a different grade, distributed with beads from the resulting fabric

At the center of the meat fiber there is a fast-feeling apparatus - without parallel operating myofibrils (organelles of special significance)

The nuclei and a large number of organelles of the lateral meaning are shattered on the periphery of the myaz fiber

Myophilia are characterized by transverse darkness - regular swarms of light (I) and dark (A) discs

Dark discs are approved by myosin fibrils, light - actinic (stop adhering to plateau, but pass in the middle of the I-disc - Z-male)

The most repeated unit of myofibril, built up to speed, is a sarcomere, which includes half of the I-disk, A-disk and half of the I-disk (the formula for the first step is 1/2 I + A + 1/2

Mechanism of speed: thin actinovy ​​fibrils are drawn in by the myosinovymi fibrils in the A-disk (theory of theory); process demand for ATP and ionic Ca

Groupie mis

A) m'yazy head

I group - minutiae: lobes, circles of eyes and company

Group II - zhuvalny m'yazi: skronevy, zhuvalny, internal and external crylopoid

B) m'yazi shii

Pidshkirny m'yaz (platism), sternocleidomastoid-nipple-like m'yaz, pid'yazykovy m'yazy.

B) m'yazi spini

Razrіznyayut surface (trapezoidal ointment, the widest ointment of the back, rhomboid ostrum, tooth parts ovary і m'yazv, where the shoulder blades are used)

D) abdominal muscles

Straight, transverse and braids of the abdomen (all the joints are wide and flat tendons, bіlu linіyu belly).

M'yazy of the wickedness in sukupnost is established by the black press, which plays an important role in the acts of defecation and secularization, as well as in half-life

D) m'yazy breasts

Great and small chest mucous, external and internal interdigital mucosa, diaphragm (with openings for the ventricular and superconducting bloody nerves, trachea, aorta, lower empty veins, sympathetic nerve pains)

E) m'yazi shoulder girdle

Deltoid m'yazi.

G) m'yazi shoulder

Two-headed m'yaz of the shoulder, shoulder m'yaz, trigolovy m'yaz of the shoulder.

H) m'yazi beforepl_chchya

Brachioradial mucosa, clenched hands and fingers, clenched hands and fingers.

I) m'yazy brush

M'yazi of the 1st finger, V-th finger, middle group of m'yaz_v, which will protect the formation of the phalanges.

K) m'yazi of the pelvic girdle

Great, middle and small days of the day

L) m'yazi stegna

Chotiriglaviy m'yaz stegna, kravetskiy m'yaz, two-headed m'yaz stegna, nap_vendinous m'yaz, semi-membranous m'yaz.

M) m'yazi homilka

Velikogomilkov m'yaz, small m'yazy m'yazy, trigolovy m'yaz homilka (stored in two m'yaziv: litkovy and soleus).

H) m'yazi foot.

Short rozginachіpaltsіv, internal, middle and zvnіshnі m'yazi, which will prevent the wrinkle of the fingers.

Similar information.

There are two types of cyst fabrics available:

reticulofibrous (coarse fiber);

lamellar (parallel to the fibrous).

V reticulofibrousknitted fabric bundles of collagen fibers tovsti, zvivisti and disassembled out of order. Osteocytes grow smoothly in the lacunae of the mineralized microcrystalline speech. Plate to be stored from cyst plates, in some collagen fibers or bundles are expanded in parallel in the skin plate, ale under a straight cut up to the fibers in the suspension plates. Osteocytes grow between the plates in the lacunae, so that the growths pass in the tubules through the plates.

In the body of people, the cystkova tissue is represented by the most common plate-shaped form. Reticulofibrous cystkova fabrics are created only as a stage for development of deyakykistok (tim'yanih, forehead). In older people, the stink is found in the area of ​​tendon attachment to the cysts, as well as on the bone of the ossified sutures of the skull (arrow-like suture of the frontal brush).

With the introduction of a copy of a tissue, it is necessary to differentiate an understanding of a copy of a tissue and a brush.

3. Bone- tse anatomical organ, the main structural component of yak є kistkova fabric... Bone yak organ folds the onset of the elements:

knitted fabric;

okistya;

cystkovy moss (chervonia, zhovty);

judgment and nerves.

Okistya (periosteum) I drain along the periphery kistkovu tissue (behind a vignette of the sloped surfaces) and it is similar to the perichondrium. In the vicinity, there are a lot of fibrous and internal cells. In the inner ball, there are osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In the vicinity of localization, the vessel is rotated on the edge, from which other vessels through the perforating channels penetrate into the cyst tissue. The red cystic brain is seen as an independent organ and is referred to the organs of blood-forming and immunogenesis.

Kistkova fabric in the formed cistes is presented only in a plate-like shape, proteas in small cistes, in a small variety of one cistka won Riznu Budova... At flat brushes and epiphyses of tubular brushes, the plates are fitted with crossbars (Trabekuli), Warehouses of the spine. At the diaphysis of the tubular cysts, the plates lie down one to one and make the speech more compact. However, in the compact speech of one payment, osteoni, and the other payment, are made out of the box.

Budova diaphysis of a pipe brush

On the transverse view of the pipe of the frequent brush, the nasty shari:

okistya (periosteum);

zovnіshnіy ball zagalny abo general plates;

a ball of osteons;

the inner ball of the back or the general plates;

internal fibrous plastinkendost.

Zovnishny zagalny plates roztashovuyutsya on the sides in a ball of balls, do not fit the protein rings. Between the plates, they are sutured in the lacunae of the osteocytes. The piercing channels pass through the lasting plates, and the piercing fibers and the court penetrate through the holes into the cyst tissue. Behind the help of the piercing vessels, the trophism will be taken into account in the knuckle tissue, and the piercing fibers will be tied with the knitted tissue.

osteon ball to be stored in two components: osteons and insert plates between them. osteon- є a structural unit of a compact pipe-brush speech. dermal osteon stock up:

5-20 concentrically gummed plates;

the osteon canal, in which the judges pass (arterioli, capilarii, venuli).

mіzh canals of susceptible osteonsє anastomozy. Osteoni store the main mass of cistkovy fabrics of the diaphragm of the tubular cistka. The stench will grow later on through the pipe of the brush as a result of the strong and gravitational lines and to ensure the display of the supporting function. If there is a change in force lines as a result of a fracture, or if the cysts of osteoni are damaged, it is not possible to destroy osteoclasts. However, such osteoni are ruined in general society, and a part of the cyst plates of an osteon, according to the last few years, are saved, and such parts, so that there are no osteons, are called insert plates... Throughout the postnatal ontogenesis, the cyst tissue is constantly overwhelmed - one osteonitis is destroyed (resorbed), and it is assumed that there are inserted plates between the osteons, like surplus in front of the osteons.

inner ballback plates can be analogous to the call, ale vin mensh of bends, and in the area of ​​transition of the diaphysis into the epiphyse of the back plates, it progresses into the trabeculi.

Endost - thin half-cloth plate, Scho whistled empty to the diaphiz channel. Balls in the endosteins clearly do not bend, but in the middle of the cell elements to take the place of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

4. Development of cyst tissue and cysts (osteogistogenesis)

All types of cyst fabrics are developed from one dzherel - from mesenchies, ale develops of small cysts does not work the same way. There are two ways osteogistogenesis:

development without a mesenchyme - direct osteogistogenesis;

development of mesenchymal tissue through the stage of cartilage - indirect osteogistogenesis.

For help direct osteogistogenesis A small number of cysts develop (around the cysts of the skull). With a wide range of opportunities, a reticulofibrous cyst tissue is established, as it is unbarrily ruined and replaced by a plate often.

Direct osteogistogenesis against in stage IV:

Stage I of the education of skeletal islands in the mesenchymal;

Stage II of osseoid tissue education - organic matrix;

III stage of mineralization (calcification) of osseoid tissue and establishment of reticulophysical cyst tissue;

IV stage of re-transformation of reticulofibrous cyst tissue into the lamellar part of cyst tissue.

indirect osteogistogenesis to repair from the 2nd month of embryogenesis. A hand in the mesenchymal structure for the development of chondroblasts is a cartilaginous model of the maybute cyst with hyaline cartilage tissue, including the perichondrium. Then it’s possible to replace the cartilage tissue with a cyst, a sprinkle in the diaphysis, and then in the epiphyse. Ossification in the process of functioning in two ways: perichondral abo enchondral.

In the area of ​​the cartilage anlage of the cyst from the perichondrium, the osteoblasts hang and fix the reticular cyst tissue, like at the viglyad's cuff I am hunting along the periphery of the cartilaginous tissue. As a result, the perichondrium is transformed into an area. This way of setting up a copy of the fabric is called perichondral... When the cyst cuff is established, the trophism of the glide parts of the hyaline cartilage is destroyed in the area of ​​diaphysis, as a result of which there is added calcium salts - the mistlein of the cartilage. Then, by the inductive inflow of calcified cartilage, blood vessels grow into the zone from the eye through the opening in the cyst cuff, in the adventitia where osteoclasts and osteoblasts take place. Osteoclasts ruin mistletoe cartilage, behind the crack of osteoblasts, a plate of cyst tissue is formed at the primary osteons, which are characterized by a wide lumen (channel) in the center and unclear between the plates. This method of setting up cyst tissue in the glybin of cartilage tissue and I will name it enchondral... One hour from the enchondral ossification, the coarse-fibrous cyst cuff is added to the plate part of the cyst tissue, warehouse call ball general plates. As a result of perichondral and enchondral ossification, cartilage tissue in the area of ​​diaphysis is replaced by cyst. At the same time, the empty diaphysis is formed, it is remembered with a sprinkle of worms with a cystic brain, and that it changes into a new cystic brain.

Epiphyses of tubular cysts and lip parts of the cyst develop only the enchondral. The sprinkle in the thin parts of the cartilage tissue of the epiphysis is referred to as mistlenae. Then, judges penetrate from the glass-clasts and osteoblasts, and to replace the cartilaginous tissue of the plate, often in the trabeculae. The peripheral part of the cartilage tissue is preserved at the view of the angular cartilage. Between diaphysis and epiphysis, it is a trivial hour to save cartilage tissue - metaepiphysealpayment For the rakhunok of post-multiplication, the clitin metaphysical plates will be added to the rist of cistok in dozhin. Have metaphysical payments three zones klin:

near-cordon area;

zone of hundred and frequent clients;

zone of blistered cells.

Up to about 20 rocky in the meta-epiphyseal plate is reduced, the synostosis of the epiphysis and the diaphysis occurs, for which the growth of the cysts in the next generation is increased. In the process of development of quotas for the development of osteoblasts in the area, there are growing quotas in the market.

Regeneration of the cysts of the osteoblasts of the region. Perebudova kistkovoi fabrics to stay constantly extending to all ontogenesis - one osteoni or parts of it is ruined, іnshі is established.

Factors that are used to inject into the process of osteogistogenesis and the mill of cyst tissue:

vmist vitamins C, D, A. Nestacha in vitamina C to bring to the collapse of the synthesis of collagen fibers and to a drop in the already existing ones, so that the crisp and stronger lamina of the cysts can appear. Lack of adoption of Vitamin D in school to lead to the destruction of the calcification of the cyst tissue and supervise the lack of cysts, which is numb (in case of rickety). Superfluous vitamins A activates the activity of osteoclasts, which supervises the resorption of cyst tissue;

vikrivennya k_stok produce up to the development of p'zoelectric effect, stimulation of vitreous and resorption of cyst tissue;

social officials - food, illumination and inspiration;

factor of navkolishnogo middle ground - ecology.

Lecture N6: skeletal tissue

Plan: 1. Dzherela development, morphological and functional characteristics and special

benefits of Budovia, blood circulation, regeneration, vіkovі vimіryuv-

nannya p_znovid_v cartilage tissue

Dzherela development, morphofunctional characteristics of cells and microscopic speech, especially budovy, regeneration, changes in the development of cyst tissue.

Skeletal fabrics are the third group in the fuel assembly systems and are used in the main support-mechanical function.

Knowledge of the histological budovia, the peculiarities of the regeneration of skeletal tissues in the norm is necessary for students for the intelligence and mastery of the mechanisms of pathological processes in the case of young sickness of skeletal tissues, as you will be in the departments at the other departments. Skeletal fabrics are consumed frequently:

Mechanical ears - fractures;

Zahvoryuvannya obminnogo character (butt: destructive obminu Ca ++;

New products, such as from skeletal fabrics

For you, like for maybutnіh dentists, the topic is given, and also represents an unlimited interest:

The main area of ​​your likarskiy performance is a tooth-gaiter apparatus, including a storage element - cyst fabrics, and pathological processes often pick up cysts of fabrics.

The same hard tooth tissue is like dentin and cement according to the classification of the 3rd group of skeletal tissues under the name of dentin tissues.

Cartilage and knuckle fabrics make knots of fabrics, make support-mechanical functions the main one. The supporting-mechanical parts of the fabric can also be used to display the following functions:

zakisna (mechanical zakist of the organs of the breast and the empty);

participation in the mineral exchange, especially in the exchange of Ca ++.

Classification of skeletal tissues :

Cartilage tissue:

a) hyaline cartilage;

b) elastic cartilage;

c) collagen-fibrous cartilage.

K_stkov_ fabrics:

a) thin-fiber (lamellar) cyst tissue;

b) reticulofibrous (coarse fiber) cyst tissue.

Zagalny morphofunctional characteristics of cartilage tissue :

The cartilage tissue, as if it were a tissue, is stored in a cell and a multi-word speech. Cartilage tissue clitini chondroblastic differentiation:

Stovburovі klіtini

half-stem cell

chondroblasts

Chondrocyte

chondroclasts

Stovburovі and semi-stem clitina - slightly differentiated cambial cells, mainly localized near the vertebral column in the perichondrium. Differentiated in chondroblasts and chondrocytes, that is necessary for regeneration.

chondroblasts - young cells, rostashovuyutsya in large balls of the perichondrium one at a time, not fading izogenny groups. Under the light microscope of the x / area of ​​concentration, the cells are slightly tight with the basophilic cytoplasm. Under an electronic microscope in them, the EPS granular, Goldzhi complex, mitochondria, which is a protein-synthesizing complex of organocytes, is the main function of h / blasts - the viroblasting of the organic part of the proteinaceous intestinal tract: glucose In addition, the x / area is built up to the proliferation of the maybutum to transform into chondrocytes. In general, the x / blast will give rise to appositic (superficial) growth of cartilage from the side of the perichondrium.

chondrocytes - the main cells of the cartilage tissue, grow in large globes of cartilage in empty spaces - lacunae. X / cy can last by mitosis, with a whole daughter of cells, they do not disperse, they become lazy at once - they become so called isogenous groups. A bit of the stench lie in one gallant lacuna, because of them a small speech is formed and the skin cell of this isogenic group has its own capsule. X / citi - oval-rounded cells with basophilic cytoplasm. Under the electronic microscope, the EPS granular, the Golgi complex, the mitochondria, which is a protein synthesizing apparatus, is the main function of x / cytes - the virabilization of the organic part of the tissue of the cartilage tissue. The growth of cartilage for the development of x / cytes and the development of interstitial speech by them will prevent the growth of interstitial (internal) cartilage growth.

In the cartilaginous tissue, the matrix of the clast is responsible for the microcrystalline speech є and іх antagonisms - the ruins of the microcrystalline speech - the chain of chondroclasts (it is possible to bring to the macrophageal system): there is quite a large cytoplasmic system The function of x / putting is the ruining of the built-in cartilage dies.

Multiple tongue of cartilage tissue to revenge collagen, elastic fibers and the main speech. The main speech line is stored from the fabric line and organic lines:

GAG (chondroetin sulfate, keratosulfate, hyaluronic acid);

PG (block + GAG);

The microscopic speech decreases viscous hidrophilicity, instead of reaching up to 75% of the mass of cartilage, at the same time increasing the viscosity and turgor of the cartilage. The cartilage tissue in the globular balls does not foul blood-bearing vines;

Perichondrium - the whole ball of the resulting fabric covering the surface of the cartilage. In the perchondrium, there is a great number of blood-bearing vessels (due to a large number of blood-bearing vessels) and an internal ball of blood, to take away a great number of stovbrovyh, napivstovy / brylastin

We looked at the zagalny principle of Budov and cartilage tissue. How does one form of one 3 types of cartilage occur? In the main, there is a sense of Budov and inter-cultural speech:

hyaline cartilage - curved all the slopes of the surface of the cysts, take place in the sternum of the edges of the ribs, in the turn-over paths. Head evidence of hyaline cartilage from other cartilages in the structures of microcrystalline speech: microcrystalline speech of hyaline cartilage in preparations of barbed hematoxylin-eosin is created to be homogeneous, but it is not possible. As a matter of fact, there is a large number of collagen fibers in the microscopic speech є there is a large number of collagen fibers, in some of the factors of breaking the same with the function of breaking the main speech, the collagen fibers were not visible under the microscope, so they were masked in them. Another aspect of the hyaline cartilage - near the isogenic groups, the basophilic zone is clearly rotated - the so-called teritorial matrix. The price is tied with that, which x / citi see in the great number of GAGs with an acidic reaction, that tsyu dilyanka is filled with the main farbs, so it is basophilic. Weak oxyphthalmic dylyanki that are intertwined with the matrix are called interterritorial matrix.

elastic cartilage hang on in the shell, Epiglottis, horny and wedge-like cartilages of the larynx. The main aspect of the elastic cartilage is that in the midget speech line of the collagen fibers there is a large number of smoothly rotated elastic fibers, which gives the elasticity of the cartilage. Elastic cartilage has less lipids, chondroethinsulfates and glucogenes. Elastic cartilage is NOT dehydrated.

fibrous cartilage rosetting in the muscles of the tendon attachment to the cysts and cartilages, in the symphysis and mid-spine discs... For a budget loan, the provision is made between the welfare and the cartilage tissue. The appearance of these cartilages: there are more collagen fibers in the middle speech, moreover, the fibers are rosted out - they are installed in these bundles, but it is absolutely obvious from the microscope. It is more common to lie alone with bridged fibers, not admitting isogenic groups.

C O S T N I E T C A N I

Kistkovi fabrics are stored from clitin and multi-language speech. Osteogenic stems and bone cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts are introduced to cells of cyst tissue.

Stovburovі klіtini - tse reserve kambіalnі klіtini, rostasovuyutsya in the area. Napivstovburov klitini - klitini with a high proliferative activity, a synthetic device may be blamed.

osteoblasts - the shop of the clientele is to create a copy of the fabric, so that in the functional type of the head of the cell of the cyst fabric. Localized mainly in the area. May have a polygonal shape, there may be a slightly ectopic cellini. The cytoplasm is basophilic, under an electronic microscope it is good to see the granular NPS, the lamellar complex and mitochondria. Functions: Vibrating the organic part of the microcrystalline speech, so that the osein fibers and osseomucoid are included. When the osteoblasts are ripe, they transform into osteocytes.

osteocytosis - behind a number of warehouses, there are a number of cottages of cyst textiles. Tse processes of a cell, lie in the cyst empty spaces - gaps. The diameter of the clitin syagaє is up to 50 microns. The cytoplasm is weakly basophilic. Organelles are weakly rosy (granular EPS, PC and mitochondria). Chi doesn’t dare. Function: to take part in the physiological regeneration of cyst tissue, to vibrate the organic part of the intercellular speech. On the osteoblast and osteocytes, the stimulating thyroid hormone calcitonin is injected - the synthesis of the organic part of the microcrystalline speech is supported and the calcium deposition is possible, with a high concentration of calcium in the blood.

osteoclasts - no large cells, 2 times larger than osteocytes, their diameter reaches up to 100 microns. Osteoclasts are specialized macrophages, pretending to be a zlitta path of hematogenous macrophages, which have 10 or more nuclei each. Osteoclasts have good turnings of lysosomes and mitochondria. Function - ruinuvannya kistkovo fabrics. Osteoclasts see CO 2 and the enzyme carbonic anhydrase; CO 2 is called H 2 O (the reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase) і vugilic acid H 2 CO 3 is formed; Vugilnaya acid reacts to calcium salts, calcium solutions to vimivayutsya in the roof. The organic part of the microorganism is lysed by the proteolytic enzymes of the osteoclast lysosomes. The function of osteoclasts is stimulated by parathyrocalcitonin of the parathyroid cavity.

Mіzhklіtinnіy speech of the cіstkovoі fabrics stock up:

Inorganic spoluces (phosphoric acid and carbonic acid salts of calcium) - make 70% of the microorganism.

The organic part of the micro-speech is represented by collagen (synonymic - osseinovim) fibers and amorphous gluing mass (osseomukoid) - to become 30%.

The proportion of organic and inorganic parts of the microchial speech can be found in the following way: children have more than 30% of the organic part of the trocha, and the non-organic part is less than 70%; In summer, navpaki, a part of the inorganic part will grow, but the organic part will change, so the bristles become more solid, a little more brittle.

At the bottom of the cartilage tissue in the cyst tissue, the blood-bearing vessels are larger: both in the area and in the large balls of the cyst.

The bone yak organ is covered with oyster. They have a new fibrous and inner cell ball. In the vicinity of even more richly blood-bearing vessels, stovburov and napivstovy osteogenic clitins, osteoblasts. The function of the window is the harvesting and regeneration of the brush.

The histological view of the fine-fibrous and reticulofibrous polyagus polyagus in the spacious organization (budovy) of the small-scale speech, and more precisely - in the rosetting of the ossein fibers:

V fine-fiber knitted fabric The core of the fiber is shuffled in one area in parallel, one to one, and is glued together with osseomucoid, and calcium salts are deposited on them - to form the plates, so the thin fiber of the cyst tissue is called the plate of frequent bone.

new fabric. Straightening of ossein fibers in 2 inter-perpendicular plates, which gives a special benefit of the whole fabric. Osteocytes lie between cystic plates in empty lacunae. If you look at the pipe often as an organ, then in the new version:

Ostya (periosteum).

Zovnіshnі zagalnі (general) plates - wedges of the lamina to taste the brush along the entire perimeter, and between them - osteocytes.

A ball of osteons. Osteon (Haversian system) is a system of 5-20 cylinders of cyst plates, concentrically inserted one into one. At the center of the osteon there is a blood-bearing capillary. Osteocytes lie between cystic plates-cylinders in the lacunae. Progress between susceptible osteons are filled with insertion plates - all the surplus of old osteons that have been rounded up, like boules here to cich osteons.

Internal home (general) plates (analogous from calls).

Endoost - for Budova analogous with periosteum.

Regeneration and growth of the brush during the period of the opening of the periosteum and endoosta.

All tubular parts of the brush, as well as a large number of flat brushes, are histologically thin-fibered.

Reticulofibrous cyst tissue to hang on the cranial sutures, the joints of the tendon attachment to the cysts, in the membranous period, a reticulo-fibrous cyst is formed on the skeleton of the cartilaginous model of the cyst. A coarse-fibrous (reticulofibrous) cyst is established also when the cysts are grown in a fracture, so that in the cyst callus. The main reason for the reticulofibrous cyst tissue is that in the rosette of ossein fibers in the microcircuitry, the fibers are rosted quite, randomly, glued together with osseomucoid and are deposited on them. Osteoblasts and osteocytes can also grow in lacunae. Reticulofibroznoy kistka Mensh Mitsna.

Calcium exchange regulation mіzh cyst tissue and blood:

Hormonal regulation:

paratіrіokaltsіtonіn - from cysts vimivє, in the blood increases;

calcitonin - in blood Ca ++ decrease, in cysts to deposit;

Mineralcorticoid from the supra-nirkovy trees.

vіtamіni:

wit. D - hypoxylation of Ca ++ in the intestine and hypoxylation in cysts;

wit. С - change vmist Ca ++ in cysts;

wit. A - calcium is taken from the cysts into the roof.

Skeletal tissue growth in embryogenesis

In the membranous period of skeletal tissues, they establish themselves with mesenchs, and in the form of cysts and cartilages of the axial skeleton (ridge stovp) they take on the fate of sclerotomes.

Root of cartilaginous tissue

The development of cartilage tissue can be seen in 3 stages:

Istage- education of chondrogenic islands. In people, cartilage develops, the mesenchymal cells absorb growths, multiply and make the purchase - chondrogenic spores.

IIstage- the formation of the primary cartilage. Clients of chondrogenic islands differentiate in the chondroblast, while in cells the granular NPS grows well and the number of virgin ribosomes grows. X / blasts fix the sentiment and vision of the bottles, from which collagen fibers are collected in the small spaces; ale mіzhklіtinniy speech still becomes oxyphilic (through the visibility of the GAG ​​and PG). This is how I cartilage tissue is formed.

Stage III - differentiation of cartilage tissue:

X / areas synthesize the edge of collagen fibers as well as GAG and PG, that is, the microcrystalline speech becomes basophilic;

The perichondrium is forming.

ROSVITOK OF KISTKOVY FABRIC can be counter In 2 ways:

straight osteogenesis- typical for flat cysts, including cysts of the skull and dentoalveolar apparatus. At the time of the maybutny cysts, the cells of the cells grow larger and more vascularized, so osteogenic spores form; osteogenic cells of islands differentiate in the osteoblast and osteocytes. About / area and about / cytoblyayut the organic part of the multi-language speech (osseinovye of fiber and osseomukoid), with the whole fiber, it is smoothly rots. On the basis organіchnu mіzhklіtinnoї rechovini vіdkladayutsya solі kaltsіyu, tobto vіdbuvaєtsya kaltsifіkatsіya m / k rechovini in rezultatі Tsikh protsesіv utvoryuyutsya ploskі kіstki scho skladayutsya of retikulofіbroznoї kіstkovoї tkanini, yak in mіru zbіlshennya fіzichnogo navantazhennya perebudovuєtsya in tokovoloknіstuyu kіstkovu tkaninu.

indirect osteogenesis For the development of the cyst on the muscle of the cartilage is characteristic of tubular cysts. A model of a maybute cyst from hyaline cartilage with perichondrium is formed on the micro-cyst. Replacing cartilage tissue with a cyst is repaired from the diaphysis. Little differentiation of cells in the warehouses of the perchondrium, the differentiation of differentiation in the osteoblast. The osteoblasts repair the vibrations of the cyst tissue and fit the cyst cuff around the diaphysis of the cyst cuff from the reticular cyst. Use the reticulofibrous cyst cuff to wake up in the plate part of the cyst tissue. The combination of the described processes is called perichondral ossification. The osvita of the cyst cuff should be made until the cartilage is damaged in larger balls of the diaphysis, which is where dystrophic processes are repaired, as well as cartilage recovery. In the cartilage cell from the side of the cyst cuff, they repair the blood vessels with mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoclasts condition the ruining of cartilage tissue in the center of the diaphysis. And the osteoblasts and osteosity repair the shape of the cyst tissue, in order to repair the enchondral ossification. At the center of the endocystis, as a result of osteoclast activity, bone marrow emptying is established. Slide by diaphysis the center of ossification is formed in epiphyses. Between the diaphragm and the epiphysis, there is a projection of cartilage tissue, for the growth of which the cyst grows in a little more than the end of the period of growth of the body in a little more, to 20-21 rocks.