Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of syphilis. Current diagnostics of syphilis and assessment of the results of CSR blood analysis: well and if there is a

It is even more important to identify the ailment at once. At the singing moment, people can be directed to the analysis of the blood of the CSW, which is permissible for the sake of importance, and the syphilis of the people is almost dumb.

If you need to provide shelter for the appearance of syphilis in the body of people.

Before such indications are admitted:

Bezladnі statues (like vypadkovі, so і dumb). Do not wait for the hour of the statutory act to oberіgayuchi, and the risky get on syphilis to develop in a little bit of development.
Preparation before the operation, since the doctors are even more important to the nobility about the zagalny camp, the organisms of the people and about those who need to work if they come in safe, so as not to get infected themselves.
Vigilance, it’s even more important to carry out diagnostics of the organism of the mother’s mind and intelligence, since there’s a great chance of the baby's wine. That before the same syphilis become insecure for the child, and in fact, in some cases, it can spontaneously until the vaginosity is transformed.
Vagitness planning. Denmark is the process of insurance for those who may be fathers can easily go through the insurance, and then go to the nutrition of conception seriously. Every hour of the call, all possible ailments appear, as well as obvious infections, which are necessary at once.
Wings on the body organs, which may indicate the manifestation of a serious and not safe discomfort.
clear vision from statutory organs of a kind character.
zbіlshennya lymphatic universities, It is important in the groin area.
Visip on tili, as you can suprovodzhuvatisya strong sverbinnya.
Insecure cases in the area of stocks.

Likewise, blood for syphilis (CSW) is created with prophylactic skin examination with one method, which will always reveal a problem.

Yak is properly prepared for the provision of blood for analysis of DAC

A patient who has taken a focus on the analysis of DAC needs to take the minimum 8 (and even 12) years before the procedure itself, so as one can lead to rejection of a negative or false positive, or an analysis.

If people do not have such a trivial period for an hour (for example, diabetics or vagіtnі women), then you need to drink tea, kava, be it juices. Drink only plain water (boiled or filtered).

At that moment, if such a method for diagnosing syphilis was neglected, it became possible to find it out when there was an interruption.

Wasserman's reaction is especially significant for any venereologist, more:

It allows you to see the moment of infection, obviously, not exactly until the day, but only an approximate time and term of ailment.
It is possible to see the appearance of syphilis in the same way as it is in the opposite form.
chain normal performance In addition, the dynamism is somewhat effective against the policy and positive dynamics.

More information about the analysis can be found in the video.

Hibopositive result can be found in offensive drops:

It’s an hour of vaginosity, so as an organism at a time is given a strong boost.
With red diabetes.
With tuberculosis, be-some form.
With the presence of malignant fluffs in the body (oncology).
with evil alcoholic beverages.
In case of viral hepatitis, if the liver is not so effective, as it is, it is an organism.
In case of pneumonia, especially in important forms, it is interrupted.

Likewise, a positive result can be promoted in people after vaccination; if such a result is discarded, it is necessary to tell about the drug. Well, if you have a gravely negative result, then it will be even more rare.

CSR blood analysis is an even more important diagnostic method, which allows you to immediately detect ailments and for some reason.

Surely, do not expect ailments to appear at an early stage. The very same thing, especially if there is a lot of information about it, it is necessary to create an analysis of the blood, so as not to bring the ailment to an important stage, it is already problematic to try it.

dzherelo

As long as syphilis is not likuvati, in a sick person, through a spike of rock, they repair the internal organisms. Lyudin can suffer for ten years, but death will be painful. An analysis for syphilis allows you to immediately diagnose a disease and signify a disease, the first for everything - antibiotic therapy. For an hour or so on a sickness, it’s possible to lie down at the stage of ailment and a correctly recognized lovemaking: on the cob stage of a disease, you can get around for three months. Syphilis is not self-evident.

The origin of syphilis is a bacterium, which is called Blidatreponema (Treponema pallidum). It’s good to penetrate the body through insignificant steps, if you want to be transmitted in the main pathway, people can get infected through objects and pobutu. It is true that the nobility slid, scho bacterium guinea through a year at a temperature of 48 degrees. The axis of what is important is sterilization.

I see the first, second, latent and third stages of syphilis. The first signs of ailment are the price of a flight to the school, which is known in about 5 days... In two months there are signs of secondary syphilis in the form of visip, virazok and vuzlik. One of the most important is the acceleration of the formation process є the training of nirok. Tsei stan supervises proteinurієyu - we move together a bottle in the dough (2-3 g / l). Let the visp pass through the spike of tizniv without any addiction.

As far as ailment is concerned, a third syphilis develops. Vin manifests itself through five rockets, if a ruin is seen internal organs... To fight nervova, heart-vascular system, Dorsal and cerebrum. To go out from the fret of the nirka, the liver, the shlunok, the intestines.

Especially not safe is the situation, as there is a sick person on VIL. Yak and syphilis, VIL nibilsh are often conveyed by the state path and it is important to follow. With a lot of ailments with syphilis, you get sick of the health of VIL, and ailments on VIL start to get sick with syphilis. Yakshcho syphilis pidhopiv VIL-information, the effectiveness of the decision to lie down at the stage of becoming ill: chim more than Lyudin ailments on VIL, it is more risky to develop important syphilis (especially, if VIL-Informed is not fond of).

If you talk about those stars that take shelter on syphilis, then you say this: as for the purpose of VIL, the material is taken from the veni. In some cases, it can be a sign of taking a finger, ale only when carrying out nonspecific quick tests. It is tied with a tse z tim, which is rich in norms of disintegration for venous blood: in the blood, taken from the finger, indicators of іnshi. In addition, from the finger of the material on the vivchennya it is possible to correct less, lower from the vein. If you need to take samples for analysis for syphilis from your finger, you will need to use the same laboratory technology as for extravagant analysis blood.

As soon as the blood was drawn from the finger it showed the presence of the pale treponemi, it is necessary to hold more horns, expanding the length of time. Blood for syphilis in all kinds of cases should be taken only from veins: if only in all cases, a correct negative or positive result can be rejected.

Such a type of analysis, like a smear, in case of syphilis, like VIL, is ineffective. In the smear, the ailment is visible at all stages of illness.

For the value of antibodies to the blood of treponema in the blood, the following tests are stagnant:

RIF abo FTA (reaction of immunofluorescence) - the reaction of fluorescent antibodies is triggered.
RPHA abo TPHA (reaction of passive hemaglutination) - analysis for syphilis, where IgM and IgG antibodies are detected.
IFA or ELISA - the name is deciphered as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, meaning a combination of IgG and IgM antibodies.

Syphilis allows for the development of treponemal and non-treponemal analyzes. The first test for syphilis in the blood of antigens against antigens to Treponema pallidum. Another anti-tissue anti-tissue appears, which zuynuvala bacterium.

IFA is an effective test method, which is not only to be afraid, but because of the manifestation of infection, but also because of the stage of ailment. In addition, the IFA was sent to the food, who were ill given to Lyudin if not for syphilis. The sensitivity of the IPA can be up to 90%.

The analysis of the IPA allows the value of antibodies to the bladder of treponema: immunoglobulins - G, M, A.

Immediately on the basis of information about immunity to fight against bacteria antibodies IgA, Two times later - IgM. Through the month, IgG appears. If you fix it clinical symptoms ailments, shelter for syphilis, showing a sufficient number of antibodies of all three types.

Until then, it is shown that the specificity of IgM antibodies to syphilis changes rapidly for effective treatment. The peculiarity of IgG antibodies lies in the fact that the test for syphilis appears after a great hour of testing and stretching the patient's life. Therefore, a positive IPA result does not mean the appearance of a syphilis. positive test You can start at the stage of development of the disease, as well as those that have recently been carried out ineffectively lіkuvannya And to that anti-tila still circulate in the blood. A negative result of the IFA can mean both the presence of an illness and its early stage.

RPHA is applied to the specific treponemal methods of detecting the fetus of treponemi. When the analysis of the RPHA is carried out, the reaction of antibodies and blood cells is taken into account during the hour of the reaction of antibodies and blood cells during the siege. The incidence of overlaid erythrocytes is established with RPHA, in direct proportion to the number of anti-treponemia antibodies.

The sensitivity of the RPHA is more effective in the secondary and tertiary period of syphilis - 99%, while the primary reliability of the analysis becomes 85%.

The specificity of the RPGA allows one to test for diagnostics of other tests, such as RPR or MRP. At the same hour, the RPGA is not so sensitive to the stages of syphilis, as is the IFA. The RPGA and IFA need to be examined in a complex one by one. Pomilkovy, positive result of RPHA is possible in 2.5% of cases. It is possible through the similarity of immunoglobulins with other antibodies, which can be seen when people are ill, for example, autoimmune.

A complex of serological reactions (CSR), one of the types of reactions of Wasserman, by a valuable diagnostic method. Wine allows you to get infected, so it is because of the stage of becoming ill. Analysis of blood for syphilis DAC in the ligamentous order is due to the addition of treponemal-specific methods of analysis (RIBD and IFA). For the DAC test, the antigens that are knitted from the heart meat of the great horny thinness, which are similar to the antigens of the treponemi by their powers, are vicious.

CSR is not a specific analysis for syphilis: positive CSR is possible in patients with tuberculosis, pain, with autoimmune diseases, Oncology, oncology An analysis for syphilis with a vaginosis of the building is obov'yazkovo, some of the manifestation of a sickness in a vagina can be brought up to the weekend, for a national child with a kind of ill health.

Express-method is the acceleration of variants of Wasserman's reaction. When an express test for syphilis is carried out, it can also pick up a cardiolytic antigen, which shrinks from a syrovate at a special flask plate.

For an hour or so for the test, often lie in the technique of carrying out. Zazvychay hour vikonannya express-method to become close to pіvgodini.

The result of the reaction to the express method is assessed as such, as in the CSR, by positive numbers, from 0 to +4. The sensitivity of the express method would like to overturn the DAC, perhaps a mercifully positive result through some ailments.

ОРС і УМСС є Another variant of the Wasserman reaction or the express method. Deciphering the abbreviation of the UMSS means the acceleration method for syphilis primes. ORS is deciphered as a type of response to syphilis. When carrying out ORS, the same reagents are used, as well as during the Wasserman reaction.

To correct the exact data, shelter on the syphilis, you need to give it to you. Understand, natchencetse means, that between priyoms it is guilty to pass not less than eight years. As soon as the patient has come to give an analysis of the heart, albeit the last time, brave it less, not for all the years, you need to check it out. Understanding the heart also means that it is impossible to live before the analysis, be it a drink, not a gas-free water. Analyzes are not just for the diagnosis of syphilis: the general rule.

A negative analysis for syphilis is indicated by a "-" sign. If a negative result is not expected, it does not mean that there is an ailment in the body. Most often, a pardonable negative result is obtained when decrypting quick tests based on Wasserman's reaction. It may be deprived of that, if the data of all analyzes give a negative result.

Finding a rating of good health for syphilis є PLR result... Yaksho PLR is positive, it means, it is really positive. If the decoding is negative, then it is negative. Alle the PLR should show a positive result and after a successful treatment, as well as an impressive amount of evidence of being alive, as well as a dead bacterium. Merciful result of a successful decision can be seen and іnshі test.

People, especially the choloviks, rarely hang out with the bazhanya and regularly sit at the lykar's. If syphilis is concerned, then the cause of this may be, if you do not have symptoms of sickly sickness, so rubbish, nepazhannya, you know about ailments.

To that, it is often too late to go through the announcement of the observance, if you want to get a guarantee, but the liking will also be validly anonymous. Surely, anonymously create an analysis for syphilis problems. Smell win, if you want to get sick anonymously. On the right, there is a person who is not without venereal ailments and can infect people close to you, as well as outside people. In any case, it is not possible to do so in any case;

dzherelo

Laboratory dosage of blood plasma plasma and become the main method of diagnostics and monitoring of syphilis.

There are a lot of ailments that are not pernicious, but the prikhovani form in the back of the call is not visible. In the middle of the development of serological methods, the most reliable results and nada analysis for syphilis RIF.

REEF- the whole reaction of immunofluorescence. For diagnostic capabilities, the technique is applied to indirect specific tests. Tobto the zbudnik himself will viyaviti for її other help will not viyde. Albeit behind indirect signs, it is possible to grow the dressings of the vines about the manifestation of the visibility of the treponemia in the body.

For additional requirements:

The sight of the patient's blood. As a rule, it is venous vikorystvutsya, protects the option of conducting RIF with capillary blood from the finger.
Typoviy, promislovogo preparation, treponemal antigen. There are special spirochetes, which serve as "anchors" for antibodies to treponema from a sick person.
It is standard with immunoglobulin proteins, which are linked to the patient's blood antibodies.
Luminescence microscope.

Tsya reaction is much more specific and sensitive. It’s not cheap and not so easy to set up. To that, in the main, vikoristovuyutsya for verification of diagnoses in patients with positive and negative symptoms.

The algorithm for staging the reaction of immunofluorescence is based on decile crocs. At the least, due to the complexity of the implementation of the methodology, it is not suitable for mass screening messages.

We will disregard the patient's appearance with blood / plasmas, dissect the subject's skin, on which there is a hanging treponemal antigen. Yogo otrimuyut from the tissue of the yєku rabbit, infected with spirochete strain Nikolsa.
Having vitrimed a sprinkle of chilin, rinse the slope with distilled water.
Promitiy zrazok podroblyayut special sirovatkoy promislovogo vygotovlenya, as avenge in own vasnі anti-til to human anti-treponemal anti-til. Immunoglobulins of the ciї sirovatka zadalegіd, marked by a special speech, as under ultraviolet light green-green color.
Let's remember the prompting.
The subject is inclined to fit into a luminescent microscope and to fit into a luminescent microscope.

As a laboratory assistant, the microscope's eyepiece is characterized by light, that is, antibodies to the bladder of treponema in the blood of a bully patient. The smell was tied to a typical antigen. And on them, in their own turn, they were reacting with luminophore immunoglobulins from standardized industrial syrovat.

In serological diagnosis of syphilis, it is even more important to consider a reliable and accurate result.

In order to promote the quality of tributes, to play the role of tribute:

Until the end of the day, it’s possible to break out 200 times (1: 200), and it’s possible to unify the positive reactions. Todi seem to be carried out analysis for syphilis RIF 200 .
In the іnshomu option, when diluted 1: 5, a special absorbent is added to it, which is taken on its own "take" antibodies, and the stench didn’t create the results.

On the hand of the precursors, gratin and smash treponems. Great microbial spirochetes are good for luminescence microscopy. It is on them that they are marked with a luminophore from a sirovatki. Vikorstannya standardized antigen and serum, allowing the maximum sensitivity and specificity of RIF in the diagnosis of syphilis.

One of the alternative ways is called RIF-Abs. As a result of the special methodology, it is considered to be low dilutions of a dolzhuvano sirovat - 1: 5 versus 1: 200, as you like.

Concentrated eyes have even more active protein molecules.

Schob is unique and sensitive to sensitivity, the syrup is coated with a special absorbent from fragments of syphilitic spirochetes. The sorbent is collected on the basis of active antibodies, and then, at the same time, the industrial grade, labeled with luminophore, is also visibly absorbed. The staff of such a preparatory process will see all the molecules that could be inserted into the test results.

Put її behind such indicators:

She is positive on aphids of clinical well-being and on a daily basis of infection in anamnesis.
RV is positive in ailments, who suffer from chronic ailments.
RV is negative with the appearance of adolescent and syphilis symptoms.

The first positive results are shown already on the 15-16th day after the moment of information. There is also a reaction with a positive state of negative, thus signaling about the outside of the reaction to the syphilis. The incidence of a false positive result should be less than 0.4%.

Such a situation can arise in the case of severe cancer patients, alcoholics, women with hospitality and the protection of people's immunity.

The singing part of the fit is on technical pardons, as the setting is foldable. There are drops, if it is necessary to recognize the pathology of the country. Zrobiti price is possible, yaksho poshukati rіznі vidi antibodies in the patient's blood.

Antibody up to syphilis class M (IgM), it is not a bar if infected and an hour before the IgG grows. Viyaviti їkh permissionє analysis for syphilis RIF absorption IgM. If the results of setting the reaction are positive, then we can talk about the recent infection. Thus, infections of reinfection can be indicative of a relapse, if an infected child is found in the canopy.

Behind the bags of such methods of analysis of the RIF, it is also possible to check the efficiency of the analysis of early syphilis.

If you are susceptible to syphilis, turn to an approved venereologist.

Syphilis is one of the most widespread venereal ailments, as hostile to the internal organisms, shkirni to curb the central nervous system. The real possibility of being infected with syphilis is not just a statute, but a walk through the dishes: through dishes, postal bliss, objects of special hygiene and speeches, such as those who were creeping up to some kind of sick people.

If you need help, if you are sick, you need to go to the doctor to look around and look at the analysis. Laboratory diagnostics of the evangelist of syphilis - blidu treponem. The material for the preliminaries can be blood plasma, as well as the vision from the children of the city, only the images, the visualization at the puncture of the lymphatic universities. And yet the main types of laboratory diagnostics for syphilis are serological analyzes, sputum, blood tests for syphilis.

V Merezhi klinik "MedCenterService" You can build a shelter for the appointment of a syphilis decilcom by the methods:

Wasserman's reaction;
Microprecipitation reaction with cardiolipin antigen - RPR;
Immunoassay blood analysis (IFA);
Preliminary reactions of immunofluorescence (RIF);
Reaction to immobilization of blidy treponemes (RIBT).
Analysis for the reaction of passive hemaglutination (RPHA);

Viznachaє Antilipidny antitila (reagin). To the blood of the patient, they add syphilic antigens, fix the immune complex with the reagins, the building adsorbate and add the complement. If such a complex is established, then the ruining of erythrocytes (hemolysis) will not be found, and the stench will fall into siege (positive reaction). As long as there are no reagins in the patient's patient, then hemolysis is detected, and the blood cells in the siege do not fall (negative reaction).

Abo the reaction of microprecipitation with cardiolipin antigen is a screening method for diagnosing syphilis. Given the reaction of the singing world, one can see how much more recent modification of Wasserman's reaction. The main indications before carrying out the test є first of all for syphilis, medical look, Monitoring the efficiency of treatment. A positive result in the course of conducting the largest, more accurate tests to confirm the diagnosis.

One of the most promising methods of laboratory diagnostics of syphilis. Its principle is the appearance of a specific antigen-antigen complex, which is established when syphilitic antigens are absorbed on a hard nose, with antibodies of a pre-juvenile blood. In this hour, we will expand the є indirect version of the IPA, at the final stage of the vicious antibodies to immunoglobulins of humans, conjugated with peroxidase chrono with other enzyme markers. It is possible to increase the amount of mineral products in the chain of reactions, as a result of the accumulation of some of the associated antibodies.

In the course reactions of immunofluorescence(RIF) the intensity of the light of the treponemes in the preparation is indicated, as it is only in the presence of anti-treponemal antibodies in the blood. The reaction is carried out with a supplement in a separate dilution (at 10 and 200 times).

The most specific diagnostic test for syphilis. In the blood of ailments, visualization of specific antibodies (immobilizins) is carried out, which parallels the bloodstream in the presence of complement. Behind the aid of a microscope, a portion of the part lost the decay (immobilized) of the treponemes is carried out. Bed with the IBT method until the end of the intake of antibiotics and the first lykarsky zasobiv.

Pre-treatment of blood by IBT and RIF methods is used to diagnose syphilis. RIF (10-fold dilution of a sirovatki) allows you to diagnose a diagnosis in quiet patients, in those who have not been diagnosed with treponema.

Determination of blood-borne treponema with crumbling by special methods with sheep erythrocytes. When there is evidence of syphilis in the blood of an ancestor, an agglutination (gluing and further precipitation) of erythrocytes occurs. Reagents should be introduced into the wells of special plates, the result of the reaction should be judged by the farbuvanny. Agglyutinati erythrocytiv is dark-red color and in the form of a beach or a circle.

V Merezhi klinik "MedCenterService" You can build a shelter for syphilis, be-yakim from the methods of food description. Shelter for analysis should be provided from a vein, from a heart (not less than 4 years from the rest of the reception). It is not recommended to rent a shelter when drinking alcohol, drugs, And also pid hour menstrual cycle.
If you are at an early age, if you could have been infected with syphilis, or if you plan to visit, then do not submit the analysis results, come to the clinics "MedCenterService" .

The reaction of immunofluorescence (RIF) is a serological reaction that allows the detection of antigens to form antigens. The method of polarization in microscopy of barbed smears.

I give a reaction to vicorist in immunology, virology and microbiology. Vona allows the appearance of viruses, bacteria, fungi, the most simple and VKK. RIF is still widely used in diagnostic practice for the detection of viral and bacterial antigens in infectious materials. The method of implantation on the basis of fluorochromes, to enter into a link with beads, does not interfere with any immunological specificity. Basically, it is stagnant when diagnosing infections of sechostatic nobles.

The development of such methods of carrying out the reaction of immunofluorescence: straight, indirect, with complement. Direct method of polishing for farbuvannі material with fluorochromes. The establishment of microbial antigens or fabrics is visible in the UV-exchange of the luminescent microscope, the stench appears like a client with a brightly barbed green color.

Indirect method of polarization at the assigned antigen + antigen complex. For some additional information, the material is covered with anti-microbial rabbit antibodies, designated for diagnostics. In order to prevent the anti-rabbit from being associated with microbes, they are seen as unrelated and blotted with anti-rabbit syrovat, marked with fluorochrome. The preparation of a complex microbe + antimicrobial antibodies + anti-microbial antibodies should be used with the aid of an ultraviolet microscope as well as with a direct method.

The reaction of immunofluorescence is indispensable in the diagnosis of syphilis. When fluorochromes are injected, the syphilis begins to appear as a clit with a green-green oblong. The visibility of the light means that the patient is not infected with syphilis. Tsey analysis is often indicated with a positive Wasserman reaction. The Danish method is even more effective in diagnostics, since it allows for the presence of a child at the early stages of illness.

In addition, RIF allows diagnostics of syphilis, it can also be used to diagnose such diseases as chlamydia, mycoplasma, Trichomonas, as well as diseases of gonorrhea and genital herpes.

For the analysis of vikoristovy smears or venous blood. The procedure for taking a smear is absolutely painless and does not represent any problems. Before giving the given analysis, it is necessary to prepare. For twelve years before, it is not recommended to use the help of gigini, such as there are not enough gels. Likewise, provocations are carried out for the witnesses of the doctor. For tsogo recommend reception of hospitality and alcohol, or to carry out provocative speech, for example, gonovaktsina or pyrogenal. Krym ts'go promіzhok mіzh priyom antibacterial drugs and it was not less than fifteen days to blame for the analysis.

When evaluating the results, it turns out that the fact that the light is not only among living bacteria, but also among the dead, especially not to be traced back to rubbish. Taking the course of antibiotics of the dead, the clitiny chlamydiy also tell the saints.

With the correct preparation of the patient and the well-established technique of taking a smear, the Danish analysis allows for the occurrence of an impairment at the early stages, which is even more important for a quick addiction. positive sides given to the method є short terms are discarded to the result, the simplicity of the statement and the lack of variation in the analysis.

It is possible to bring to the shortage those who, for the analysis, it is necessary to complete a great amount of the material beforehand. In addition, the evaluation of the results can be carried out only additional information fahіvets.

RIF - reaction of immunofluorescence- treponemal test. Є One of the most sensitive analyzes for syphilis. The RIF becomes positive after 10-20 days of information, so that it should be introduced to the methods of early detection of syphilis.

The setting of RIF is carried out in individuals with symptoms of syphilis, with negative reactions - RMP, RV;
in the capacity of differential reactions in individuals with positive reactions of RW, microreactions and on the basis of symptoms;
in women with clinical manifestations and syphilis in anamnesis during the day.

When the reaction is carried out, a rabbit's shelter is supplied to the patient's sirovatka, it is infected with treponema (syphilis) and fluorescent (curling) sirovatka. Pre-treatment of the field in a careful light of the complex under a luminescent microscope. The results of the reaction are interpreted in the presence of the intensity of light from 1+ to 4+, depending on the appearance of syphilis. Visibility of health is a negative result of RIF, which means health conditions. Pardon the results and the analysis are very rare in the case of systemic processes, vaginosti, etc.
The reaction is set in the modification RIF-200 and RIF-ABC (absorption).
The sensitivity of the reaction in case of primary syphilis becomes close to 85%
with secondary syphilis - 100%
with tertiary syphilis - 98-100%.

The RIF's negative reaction is seen by stretching out decliners of rock to get rid of the syphilis. When anti-syphilitic therapy is carried out, it is necessary to be careful of the indicators in the dynamics.

IBT- the reaction of immobilization of blidy treponemas - by the very specific analysis of blood for syphilis. IBT is a very expensive, expensive analysis of blood, which can be allowed to be provided with a well-equipped laboratory complex. IBT is a fundamental reaction in case of syphilis forms, neurosyphilis, viscerosiphilis. Allowing to differentiate hybnopositive reactions from true discomfort to syphilis.

The setting of the reaction is based on the malfunction (immobilization) of the syphilis agent by species-specific antibodies. The result of the reaction is read with a microscopic slap before reading: 0-20% - negative, 21-30% - total, 31-50% - weakly positive, 51-100% - positive reaction. In order to get positive results on syphilis, it should be accepted, de IBT at 50%. In case of syphilis, IBT becomes positive in number: in the first period, syphilis is still negative, in the second period, it is positive in 50% of cases, in the second recurrent period, it is positive in 90-100%, in the third period, it is positive in 99-100%.

Negativity of the IBT will last for ten years, because the criteria for the validity of the situation is wrong, protesting against the need for dynamism.

The IBT reaction was carried out not earlier than 30 days after the end of the test. RPHA - reaction of passive hemaglutination - is carried out before treponemal tests, carried out in a complex of non-treponemal. Vikoristovuyutsya to confirm the diagnosis of syphilis at any stage.

The reaction should be carried out partially through 4 months of transmission of the infection. When the reaction is carried out to the patient's blood, the preparation is added to the preparation of the fermenting blood cells, sensitized by the antigen of the treponemia, the origin of syphilis.

The essence of the RPHA polyagus reaction is in the gluing (agglutination) in the presence of antibodies to treponema and agglutinate education - figuri, yaku sposterіga likar - laboratory assistant. The reaction is to be assessed for a number of +: 4 + - a sharply positive result, 3 + -positive, 2 + -weakly positive, 1 + total, - - a negative result. In case of a positive result of the reaction, a multiple assessment is carried out based on the value of the concentration (titer) of antibodies. When syphilis is progressing, the titer of antibodies is greater.

The RPGA will become positive over ten years of writing to syphilis, which cannot be victorious as a criterion for the validity of a vilification. However, it is necessary to maintain the anti-RPHA titer in dynamism.

The method of increasing sensitivity. The results of the RPHA can be positive. To such results, the analysis can produce ailments from the resulting tissue, deyaki of infection, etc.

HOME »Analyzes» DAC is negative. Analysis on syphilis reef

dzherelo

From the abbreviation of the CSR, there is a complex of serological indications, in the process of carrying out which it is possible to confirm or to turn on the appearance in the organism of the human being of the syphilis. Nebezpeka given zvoryuvannya polyagaє in the fact that there may be a trivial hour (navit rocky) with no symptoms. Time for an hour in the body of people for a whole hour to see nezorotnі zmenі, zokrem, run up internal organisms.

CSW - tse laboratory dosage, as indicated to patients with symptoms of syphilis. About active living with treponemi (the originator of becoming ill) to reduce the onset of signs.

The appearance of chancre on the statuary organs. Priceless and painless new solutions with the same edges.
Sleeplessness.
Permanently perceived weakness.
Loss of appetite, right up to the point of losing.
Part of the headache epizodi.
Adjustment of temperature to subfebrile value.
Ailments in the eyes and slopes.
Blida hangs in every way.

It is important for the nobility, that the analysis of the blood of the CSW is a long way to go, as it is not recognized only when symptoms of syphilis are evident. Check in and out before the date.

Lossless statutory contacts.
Diagnostics I will become healthy in front of a look surgical engagement... Likars need nobility, who need to live without food, so that they do not get infected with poor people.
Period of vinozuvannya ditini. DAC - price analysis, a positive result, which is driven by a drive for a change in vaginosity. Tse was informed that the sputum of syphilis could become a serious threat to the fetus.
Vagitness planning. Within the framework of assimilated training before the child's marriage, an analysis of the DAC is assigned. This allows you to quickly detect pathology and live all the necessary visits to fight against it.

In addition, the preliminaries are carried out within the framework of scrupulous prophylactic examinations.

The result of the analysis should be taken into account without following the recommendations of the doctor. Doslіdzhennya vimagає retailer training.

Before the production of biological material, he was not guilty of being paid for not more than 10-12 years. At the end of the supper, the blame will be made easily. There are women and women who are happy to see them red diabetes, It is necessary to take care of the life of any kind, like pure non-gas water.
For 2 add to the last update, you need to see physical options for reducing the intensity to the minimum.
For a few days, it is necessary to pin down the reception of licars' skills. As it is unfortunate for life shown, it is necessary to put before the house about the whole doctor.

CSR is a tse of advancement, on the result of which you can embed a psychomotional camp. I recommend that you sit 15 minutes before giving blood to your office and try to relax and take it easy as much as possible.

The algorithm for taking venous blood is standard:

a medical doctor put a jgut on the front (trokhi vishche lyktyovogo zginu);
fakhіvets otroblyaє shkіrny pokriv in the peredbachuvanіy zonі puncture with an antiseptic zasob;
the final stage є the introduction of the head into the vein, the nobility of the jgut and the removal of the biomaterial.

The test tube is marked in the presence of the patient and sent to the laboratory. Інн кілька methods for advancing biomaterial. In the last hour of the day, we have been able to expand the blood analysis for DAC MR. Biological material can be heard on the reaction of microprecipitations, the essence of which polarity is in the established and precipitated antigen-antigen complex.

Clitini, who are responsible for the oppression of a provocative agent, are not immediately violated by the immune system. Anti-IgM antibodies are produced by stretching two times at the moment of infection with treponema, IgG - after about 1 month.

The analysis of the blood of the CSW allows for the recognition of the terms of illness, the detection of pathology in the admitted form, as well as the assessment of the effectiveness of the previously indicated addiction.

The venereologist is involved in the deciphering analysis of the blood of the CSW. However, the interpretation of the results can be skin-friendly. The reason is that the deciphering of the DAC is not easy to understand, so it’s possible that the result can be either positive or negative.

In the first vipadku it is accepted to talk about the appearance in the organism of the patient's syphilis (primary, secondary or tretiny). A positive result can also appear after 1 month of therapy.

Even in the process of advancing the blida, treponema was detected in the body, and the patient had some troublesome symptoms, and should be aware of the presence of syphilis. Ale is important to the nobility, the result can be negative in case of early infection and tertiary forms of ailment.

Do not expect to be reliable. Its result can be positive if the patient has such symptoms and conditions:

red diabetes;
a new affinity for an evil character;
tuberculosis;
autoimmune pathologies;
viral hepatitis;
pneumonia;
enterovirus infection;
scarletini;
infectious mononucleosis;
gout;
painting;
alcoholism;
antiphospholipid syndrome;
eosinophilic infiltrate in legends.

In addition, a positive result can be promoted in children on the 7-8th day of the day of nationality. A similar situation is typical for the post-vaccination period.

If the total result is rejected, it is necessary to provide shelter for analysis.

Sifilis - tse serious pathology I represent not only for health, but for the life of the people. An analysis of the blood of the CSW is recognized as a mark of the time-consuming manifestation of sickness. The preliminaries are shown not only when the clinical picture of syphilis is evident, but it can also be carried out within the framework of general routine professional examinations. Analysis є yakisnim, so that the result can be only positive or negative. Until the grave day, you can bring the manifestation of the great number of illnesses. If the total results are rejected, it is necessary to rebuild the shelter.

dzherelo

Syphilis is an infectious venereal disease, which is known to be spirochetes of the treponemi. Transmission paths: during sex, from mother to fetus, transfusion, and meaningfully - through wounds on the skin, where they come into contact with infectious victims. Falsely from the stage, the first, second, latent and third syphilis are seen.

Bliditreponemi cannot grow on lively centers and cannot be seen under a light microscope. So, since the pathogen has been detected behind the auxiliary microscopic microscopy, it is unwise to lock a special microscope with a dark field, the child can be seen in the spiral vigil on a dark aphid.

To carry out microscopic examination, take biomaterial from a grown-up to become ill-fated. Microscopy in the dark field is a powerful way of assessing small lesions, such as chancre of primary syphilis or condyloma of secondary syphilis. If the material of the maculopapular vignette is dry, then the aspirate of the lymphatic vignette should be used.

The negative result is not a pathological process, statistically, the appearance of the root can only be 80%.

The reaction is based on bagatoraz to increase the DNA of the treponemia, allowing the formation of visnos about the information of syphilis, or about its visibility.

Biomaterial for analysis can be yak: shelter, instead of syphilis, spinal cord that in. The test is suitable for the incubation period.

Serological analyzes (CSR or a complex of serological reactions) are used in the most advanced way for diagnostics of all stages of syphilis. See the offensive reactions:

aglutination;
precipitation;
immunofluorescence;
enzyme immunoassay and in.

Also serological analyzes for syphilis are subdivided into treponemal and non-treponemal.

When growing on the embankments of the syphilis, make a screening test, for which you can use it not treponemni testimony , And start antigens to lipid antigens of the tissues of the governor, or the teacher in the special modifications. In the Russian Federation, it is routine to detect the reaction of microprecipitations (RMP), which allows the detection of antibodies to pathogenic cells in the blood. The reliability of the screening of the visok, ale the specificity is small, so the test should be used for primary mass coverage in preventive purposes.

The sensitivity of express tests is estimated at 78-86% for detecting primary syphilis, 100% for secondary syphilis and 95-98% for detecting tertiary syphilis.

Specificity - from 85-99%, inodi-mensh, which is developed in case of advancing stuns:

gestation;
menstruation;
oncology;
getting sick with a good cloth;
tuberculosis;
painter;
viral zvoryuvannya;
liver ailments;
vaccination;
"Svizhy" IM;
typhus that in.

In addition, the excess of fat in ratsioni, the implantation of alcoholic drinks and in some cases, can lead to false positives.

The results of the screening test will become positive in 1-2 months after the approval of the chancre. Unrepentant testimonies give a negative view after a decade of writing. In case of VIL-status, non-treponemal antibodies can appear only once in a while (this is confirmed by the results of a randomized, randomized message).

Other types of non-treponemal analyzes: VDRL, plasma reagent test (RPR), toluidine worm test, complement reaction with cardiolyn antigen (PCKk).

Linking complement immune system on information, the result is changed from negative (put "-"), to a very positive "++++" or 4 plus.

At the cob stage of primary syphilis, RW is negative.

Through the power positive results to confirm whether positive or summarizing the result of non-treponemous analysis, vikoristovuyu treponemni test:

reaction of immunofluorescence (RIF);
hemagglutination (RPHA),
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IFA) for immunoglobulin class G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM);
immunoblotting;
IBT / RIT (reaction of immobilization of blidich treponemes).

Treponemal tests are not vicious to assess the effectiveness of therapy.

RIF for treponemal AT class IgG stasis for a positive result of express analyzes (sensitivity 84% for primary syphilis and 100% at the lowest stages, specificity 96%). For diagnostics of congenital syphilis in newborns is not stagnant.

At the laborers of the laboratory, the "zorotnyi" screenings are given.

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA) recommends traditional pre-treatment, with interversion of non-treponemal tests, with a positive result, a treatment should be performed.

Apply syrovatu to the selected material with fluorochrome-labeled antibodies specific to the antigen of the treponemia, the immune complex attracts to itself the immune complex, through the initiation it is seen in the luminescent microscope.

Before the hemaglutination (gluing) of the erythrocytes appears, at least 4 times are guilty at the time of the release of the treponemia.

Preparation of erythrocytes with fixed bacterial fractions of the pathogen interacts with plasma, even if antibodies to syphilis, a reaction occurs.

Go for the confirmation of the be-yaky stage of becoming ill.

The basis is the antigen-antigen reaction. Antibodies of different classes appear, which can be assessed only.

Otrimani results and allow judging about the triviality of the pathological process, the success of the performed treatment, the immunological status, the activity of the pupils.

Immunoblotting - a type of IFA, stasis for lost diagnostics with all summarized results.

Sensitivity and specificity is close to 100%, on the current day, the method of identifying bilky is ultra-easy.

The method of testing for the antigen-antigen reaction. Serve as antigen blіdіtreponemi, cultivated in rabbit testicles. In case of interaction with antibodies of infected people, pathogens retrace rupture. Reaction to evaluate the additional microscopy in the dark field.

The IBT in the Danish hour stagnates through the laboriousness of the early days, and ale analysis can be used for drinking spirits (hybnopositive reactions to syphilis).

Most of the foldability is the diagnosis of tretal syphilis, which can be summed up with symptoms on the side of the heart-vascular disease. nervous system, And also with openings from the side of the shk_rnogo cover.

Pererakhumo zvoryuvannya, with which to carry out differential diagnostics in case of syphilis:

A chat with a patient is carried out at a time, before the hour is given to clarify the details: if there is a suspicion of the contact and the scargi.

When taking anamnesis, go to a physical look, especially the areas of genital and anus, mucous membranes and lymphatic universities. An early diagnosis can also be made. Remaining verification is carried out for additional laboratory analyzes.

If you just say something about the fold, then some analysis will show the originator of the syphilis, and the others will show the reaction of the organism to the introduction of treponemia.

To install the residual diagnosis of RPHA, add 1 treponemal and 1 non-treponemal analysis.

It is carried out on a regular basis for a long period of time on syphilis.

The focus on the analysis of CSW is seen before the hour of the first visit of the woman for consultation, and for the hour of the visit of the woman there is a situation. Patients in a high group with a heavy anamnesis: ІПСШ, аsocial, fallow and іn. Vimagayut especially sawing respect.

As well as the results of the analysis of positive, to carry out more advanced diagnostics, and according to the indications, there is a sign of treatment, as to lie at the stage and clinical manifestations.

A large number of children with inborn syphilis are used by uncouth mothers, for they have not considered the therapy for some reason.

Treponemal tests with neonatal patients are not recommended through passively transferred IgG antibodies. All children, people of mothers with syphilis, are guilty of taking care of the supplementary non-treponemal serological test (RPR or VDRL), which was awarded to the blood of a newly born child.

The reaction of microprecipitation, RIF and RPGA negative - the norm, positive - confirmation of syphilis.

The reaction of microprecipitations is negative, and of the positive - syphilis in the anamnesis of specific therapy, or pіznya stadіya.

RIF is negative in case of positive RPHA and microprecipitation reactions - the result of a weekly summation, a complex assessment is repeated.

Negative result of RIF and microprecipitation, ale positive result of RPHA - the stage of successful antibiotic therapy or hybnopositive result.

RIF is positive in case of negative RPHA and microprecipitation reactions - early stage, testing or lack of consistency in the result.

The positive reaction of microprecipitation, not confirmed by the RPHA, or RIF - is the appearance of the syphilis.

The instrumental diagnostics is carried out in the presence of the organisms. For example, granulomatous lesions of the liver can be bruised when computer tomography black empty.

x-ray of organs breast cancer in patients with tertiary syphilis, it is possible to show dilatation of the aorta. Linear calcification along the course of the aorta is indicative of aortic coryza.

Angiography can be cortical in the diagnosis of abdominal syphilitic aneurysms.

When diagnosing neurosyphilis with acute symptoms, lumbar puncture is caused by the fence of the spinal cord.

Mishina Viktoria, urologist, medical examiner

dzherelo

Name the PB to be set with two or three antigens. Most often it stagnates to develop a high sensitiveness of cardiolytic antigen (extract from heart of bica, cholesterol and lecithin) and treponemal antigen (ultrasonically absorbed by anathogenic suspension of antigenic cultures) Altogether, with the reagins of the blood of a sick person, antigens set up an immune complex, a building adsorbate and add a complement. For the visualization of the established complex (reagin + antigen + complement) as an indicator, the hemolytic system becomes stagnant (sum of the erythrocytes of a ram with a hemolytic syrovate). Even though the complement of dressings in the 1st phase of the reaction (reagin + antigen + complement), hemolysis does not infuse - erythrocytes fall into lightly siegeable siege (PB is positive). Even in phase 1, there is no complement of dressings during the day during the day in vyprobuvanny syrovattsi reagins, in case of vikoristany hemolytic system and hemolysis becomes (RV is negative). The stage of hemolysis in the setting of RV is assessed by the pluses: the increase in hemolysis is ++++ or 4+ (RV is sharply positive); ice pochavsya hemolysis +++ or 3+ (PB is positive); Significant hemolysis ++ or 2+ (RV is weakly positive); nezumіla picture of hemolysis ± (RV sumnіvna); secondary hemolysis - (Wasserman's reaction is negative).

Krim of the bright assessment of the RV є the set of staging with small breeding sirovatki (1:10, 1:20, 1:80, 1: 160, 1: 320). The titer of the reagins is indicated for the maximum dilutions, which gives a very positive (4+) result. Кілкісна setting of RV is significant in diagnostics of deeds key forms syphilistic infections, as well as during the monitoring of the efficiency of the treatment. In the given hour, Wasserman's reaction was set with two antigens (cardiolipinovy and treponemal soundings to Reiter's strains). As a rule, RV becomes positive for 5-6 months of infection in 25-60% of ailments, for 7-8 months - for 75-96%, for 9-19 months - for 100%, I would like in the rest of the rocky even earlier or even more ... At the same time, the titer of reagins gradually grows and reaches the maximum value (1: 160-1: 320) in the case of generalized visipans (syphilis secondary fresh). When the RV is positive, the diagnosis of primary seropositive syphilis is shown.
With secondary svіzh Secondary recurrent syphilis RV is positive in 100% of the ailments, but in women with weakened ailments, a negative result may be promoted. Over the course of the year, the titer of reagins gradually decreases, and in case of secondary recurrent syphilis, I do not change 1: 80-1: 120.
With tertiary syphilis RV is positive in 65-70% of ailments and a low titer of reagins (1: 20-1: 40). In case of different forms of syphilis (syphilis of internal organs, nervous system), RV is positive in 50-80% of cases. The titer of reagins can be adjusted from 1: 5 to 1: 320.
With syphilis positive RV is indicated in 100% of the ailments. The titer of reagins is from 1:80 to 1: 640, and in case of a low syphilis, from 1:10 to 1:20. Decrease in the titer of reagins (up to additional negativity) before the hour of testing to inform about the effectiveness of testing.

Incomplete reaction of Wasserman- lack of sensitivity (at the cob stage of primary syphilis it is negative). Vona is also negative in 1/3 of the ailments, since the stench in the past was treated with antibiotics, in patients with third-rate active syphilis with affected children and mucous membranes, cysto-loam apparatus, internal nerves, central
lack of specificity- Wasserman's reaction may be positive in individuals who have not been sick before or have not been sick with syphilis. Hibopositive (nonspecific) results of RV are indicated in ailments, who suffer for systemic chervonia Vovchak, leprosy, painter, evil new creatures, Urazhennymi liver, great myocardial infarctions and infarctions, and some in absolutely healthy people.
Wasserman's short-hour, positive reaction to appear among the little women in front of the canopies, for them, in individuals, they are ill with drugs, anesthesia, or alcohol. As a rule, hibopositive RV is weakly expressed, often with a low titer of reagins (1: 5-1: 20), positive (3+) or weakly positive (2+). With mass serological conditions, the frequency of positive results in the warehouse is 0.1-0.15%. For a little more lack of sensitivity, you should be staged in the cold (Collyar reaction) and immediately be put on top of the other serological reactions.

pseudo-resistive- after the conducted treatment, do not marvel at the positive serological reactions of the treponema in the organism of the day. The antigen in the organisms is mute, albeit vyrolennya antibodies, which are fixed in the setting of serological reactions.
Serological resistance can develop as a result of:

disreputable likuvannya without urahuvannya prescription and stages of becoming ill;
a lack of dose of zokrem through neurahuvannya masi tila patients;
damage to the interval between the injected drugs;
zberezhennya in organіzmі blіdih treponem nezvazhayuchi to conduct povnotsіnne spetsifіchne lіkuvannya through їh stіykostі to penіtsilіnu that іnshih hіmіopreparatіv in razі nayavnostі prihovanih, encysted oseredkіv urazhennya in vnutrіshnіh bodies nervovіy sistemі, lіmfatichnih vuzlah, SSMSC malodostupnі for antibakterіalnih preparatіv (nerіdko blіdіtreponemi viyavlyayutsya in tkaninah Scars through a lot of years of the end of therapy, in lymphatic universities, it will be possible to get sick after 3-5 years of anti-syphilitic therapy);
lowering of zhisnih forces at dear ones and intoxications (endocrinopathies, alcoholism, drug addiction, etc.);
zagalny visnazhennya (reception of їzhі bіdnoї vitamins, drinks, fats).

Besides, it is not often the case that positive serological reactions occur, it is not associated with the manifestation of syphilis and viclikan in sick people:

suppurative nonspecific incapacitation of internal organs, damage to the heart-vascular system, rheumatism, dysfunction of the endocrine and nervous systems, important chronic dermatoses, malignant neoplasms;
lesions of the nervous system ( important injuries, Strus of the brain, mental trauma);
vagіtnіstyu; chronic alcohol intoxication, nicotine drugs; infectious ailments(Malaria, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, dysentery, visipnia, cranial and rotten typhi).

The assigned factors can be influenced by the immune reactivity of the organism during the period of active development of syphilic manifestations, as well as before the hour of regression.

dzherelo

Diagnostics of syphilis is based on clinical and laboratory data. The diagnosis of syphilis should be set as a deprivation of the laboratory diagnosis, i.e., the appearance of treponemes in cases of hard chancre, erosive, papules in primary and secondary syphilis, and in cases of serological conditions. Serological reactions - a supervisedly valuable method not only for diagnosing syphilis, but being careful of the dynamics of this current due to the injecting of ailments.

The standard components of the complex of serological reactions (CSR) for the determination of syphilic infection in this hour are supplemented by treponemal reactions: Wasserman's reaction (RW, PB) is based on the phenomenon of complement ringing. For the її statement of the vicorisation of cardiolipinovy antigen, which is a cholesterinized alcoholic extract from the oysters of the scourge heart, it is possible to use antigenic powers with the treponema.

Wasserman reaction

The complement is called a complex (lipid antigen and reagents of the viprobuvanosyatka). For indication of a complex vikoristovuyut hemolytic system (ram erythrocytes and hemolytic sirovatka). Before the group of CSR, the reaction to the complement, with cardiolipinovym and treponemal antigens, is included in the reaction to the scle (express method). The variability of hemolysis in RV is indicated by the pluses: very positive - 4 +; positive - 3 +; weakly positive - 2 + or 1 +; negative -. Main meaning and formulation of the reaction for the multiple method, that is, with separate dilutions (1:10; 1:20, etc. up to 1: 320).

The number of standard serological reactions is explained by the antigenic mosaicism of treponemes, in connection with the amount of antigens in the blood of the disease;

At the dermal stage, syphilis can be overwhelmed by both antigens and reactions with some antigens may be positive, and with others - negative. In addition, the specificity of the standard serological reactions of the wiklik diagnostic pardons koristuvatis not one of them, but a complex of reactions. DACs become positive in the third or third month or after the fourth month, when a hard chancre appears. These reactions are very positive, and in terms of the breeding females, practically in all ailments we are secondarily sick (98-99%), secondarily relapsing (100%), tertiary active (70-80%) and thirdly active (50-60%) for syphilis.

However, DAC is not a strictly specific complex of reactions for syphilis. Smells can appear positive in ailments for leprosy, tuberculosis, brucellosis, painters, chervonia vovchak, as well as with pneumonia, liver disease, oncological ailments, drinking alcohol, especially fatty, and other 2 types of bed

In addition, a number of non-specific hypo-positive results in CSW are improving. For a primed diagnosis of syphilis, the order with the DAC data should be taken into account the clinical data, the results and the previous test for treponemas in the main manifestations of the primary and secondary syphilis, the data of the second serological tests. IBT is based on the phenomenon of insensitivity to treponemes by antibodies to the type of immobilisins, which are evident in the blood of ailments for syphilis. In the capacity of antigen for RIBT, a suspension of treponemes from the tissues of syphilic orchid.

Blіdіtreponemi, when the blood of a sick person is given to them, the blood of a sick person pushes back, that is. The results of the reaction are assessed in certain people: positive RIBT is ascertained at immobilization from 51 to 100% of pale treponemas, weakly positive - from 31 to 50%, total - from 21 to 30% and negative - from 0 to "20%. Put the reaction in the minds of anaerobiosis. Immobilizins are found, in the blood of ailments, less antibodies, so RIBT becomes positive, less CSR and RIF. IBT the most specific for acute reactions to syphilis. The main recognition is the identification of positive results in the setting of the CSW. It is especially important that there are ailments, in some syphilis there are no signs of symptoms, but also in the damaged internal organs of the nervous system. Especially significant is the value of RIBT in case of diagnostics of hybopositive results of CSW in vaginites.

A trace of memory, nonspecific positive results of RIBT can occur in ailments of sarcoidosis, chervoniy vovchak, tuberculosis, liver cirrhosis and in. However, in the case of cich infections, RIBT is weakly positive (from 30 to 50%) and nicoli is not reached 100%. When antibiotics are used, the results of RIBT become negative. To that end, RIBT should be carried out only after 7 days, when water-resistant antibiotics were introduced, and after 25 days, after the completion of the use of durant antibiotics. RIF is a more sensitive reaction, so it won’t be positive in the primary seronegative period of syphilis in 80% of patients. For the degree of specificity of the RIF, the RIBT is moved, but it is not allowed to substitute it for the RIBT, if the technology is much simpler. The reaction should be set in decilkoh modifications: RIF-10, RIF-200 and RIF-abs. (Absorbed). RIF-10 is more sensitive, and RIF-200 and RIF-abs. more specific.

The principle of the polarity reaction is that specific antigen(Blіdіtreponemi) cocaine with the sick blood (antibodies) and anti-species fluorescent syrovatka (rabbit syrovatka against human globules, taken with fluorescein, - ultra-fluorescent, feel good). With a positive reaction in the luminescent microscope, it is possible to bach the green-green lusions of the treponemes, and the odors of the stench emerge as some fluorescent antibodies. The stage of education is assessed by the pluses, as in the case of DAC. The positive reaction is stated as 4 +, 3 + and 2 +. At the stage of lighting 1 + and during the daytime, the reaction becomes negative. In case of secondary syphilis, RIF is positive in 100% vipadc. Vaughn is positive in case of latent syphilis (99-100%), and in theoretical forms and natural syphilis is positive in 95-100%.

Express method (microreaction on skli). In this reaction, as it is in case of CSR, vikoristovuyut cardiolipinovy antigen, one speck of which to shrink with 2-3 specks of blood from a man in the holes of a special sklyanovy plate. Reaction against precipitation mechanism. The triviality of staging the reaction is 10-40 minutes. The result is to assess the value of the siege and the size of the plastics; The frequency of the reaction is indicated by the pluses: 4 +, 3 +, etc., such as DAC. Microreaction on sklі Mensh is specific for ailments on syphilis, lower RV, ale trochas overturned in sensitivity. It is highly beneficial to obtain positive results with the express method more often than not in case of RV. This is a method of permits for storing only the same type of reaction in case of mass conditions of the population, dispensary examination and specific ailments in clinical diagnostic laboratories of somatic medicines.

The residual diagnosis of syphilis at the pre-production method is set up and hardened. Only the express method can not be used for regular donors, vaginitis, and also for the control of ailments for syphilis. For the diagnosis of syphilis, it is possible to use the following methods: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IPA) with a microprecipitation reaction (RCC) or a passive hemaglutination reaction (RPHA) with RMP (including RPA). When conducting clinical-serological control of a specific treatment (for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of therapy), it is allowed not to receive RMP (inducing the titer of the reaction in the dynamics). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IFA, Elisa). The principle of the reaction of a polyagus in the formation of a syphilic antigen, sorbed on the surface of a solid phase, with an antigen of a vipoprotein blood supply, and the development of a specific antigen-antigen complex due to the additional enzyme of an anti-species immune system. Sensitivity and specificity of the IFA analogous to the RIF.

Reaction of passive hemaglutination (RPHA). Macromodification of the reaction cycle is called TRNA, micromodification - MNA-TR, automation options Amna-TR. At the same time, a revision of the diagnosticum for RPHA for pathogenic and cultural diseases of treponemes was developed. established temporal sensitivityі specificity of RPHA, especially in case of different forms of syphilis. The simplicity of the setting, the low party and the sensitivity of the RPGA, and the possibility of being victorious in terms of the general reaction to syphilis. RPGA should be put in the yakісnі and іlksіnom options, іnuyut macro- and micromodіfіkatsіі.

IgM serology. In the last ten years, the dynamics of the establishment of antibodies in the organisms of ailments for syphilis is widely observed before, in the process and at the end of the disease. Tse viclikano tim, scho at the patients, who were repeatedly involved in the drive of the syphilis, for a three-hour hour they lost positive results of specific serological reactions to syphilis. Differential diagnosis of relapse and reinfection is also complicated.

When antibodies are injected into the organisms of ailments on syphilis, a bulo is established, which first causes the infection to become specific. IgM, which appear at another time of infection and reach the maximum concentration in the blood for 6 to 9 months. In 6 ms. After the end of therapy, the stench in the blood does not start for more people with ailments. At the fourth stage of development, the organism begins to produce specific IgG. The whole type of immunoglobulin in the greatest number of cases begins in 1-2 cases of infection. Slid respect for those, that specific IgM cease to go viral when antigen is detected in the organism, and secretion of IgG is trivial by clones of kin memory. In addition, the great IgM molecules do not pass through the placenta from the mother to the fetus, in order to judge the child's infarction by treponema. I will look at those who concentrate in the blood of specific

IgM naturally decreases in an hour, increasing the titer of antibodies can serve as an additional sign of the recurrence of a relapse or reinfection. In 1977 r, 19S IgM-TA-abs., Potim 19 IgM-TPHA were propped. The basis of these tests is the distribution for an additional gel-filtration of preliminarily blood samples on 19S IgM and 7S IgG and the detection of the first for an additional immunofluorescence method and a hemagglucinosis test. In 1980, V. Shmidt, describing the reaction of hemadsorption on the solid-phase IgM-SPHA, shared the elements of the IFA and RPGA production, and in 1983, E. Lindeshmidt proponed IgM-TP-ABS-Elisa. A. Luger (1981) means that for the establishment of the activity of a specific process in the central nervous system, it is important to assign IgM by way of setting 19S IgM-SPHA. Especially respect for seroconversion in case of syphilis in nemovlyats, mothers of those who used anti-syphilitic therapy.

The diagnosis of congenital syphilis is not easy to put on a pardon in healthy newborns at the presentation of IgG-AT in them, as they enter the child's shelter through the placental bar of ailments on syphilis mothers. It is necessary to carry out additional tests of IgM-AT and to test a combination of early tests for the development of congenital syphilis in non-malnourished people, who have been diagnosed with syphilis of mothers, with the presence of serologic early positive reactions.

The reaction of passive hemagtlutinatsion in serodiagnostics of syphilis (RPGA) on the view from RIF and IFA is based on the methodical simplicity of staging, showing the results and high performance. I’ll look at the quality of the RPHA, guilty of vikoristovuvatsya yak screening test for mass conditions for syphilis. The principle of the method of polarity is that, during the interaction of blood, it is possible to avenge specific antibodies, from erythrocytes sensitized by treponema, which is characterized by agglutination. The sensitization of erythrocytes can be influenced by antigens of pathogenic and cultural strains of treponemes. RPGA is a valuable diagnostic test at all stages of syphilis, especially sensitive in different forms of syphilis.

Before taking any medications listed on the website, consult a doctor.

Reaction of immobilization of blidy treponemes(IBT). Obov'yazkovuyu mind є viklyuchennya before the reception of the reception we are sick of antibiotics, as nadayut toxic effect on bliditreponemi, viklikayuchi їkh nonspecific anxiety.

Positive results of RIBT appear approximately from the middle of the second period of syphilis, and it may take a trivial hour to take a trip. If necessary, the method of viciousness for the detection of AT in the spinal cord, at the same time, the increase in the specificity, and a little low sensitivity (close to 40%).

IBT is not very suitable for the diagnosis of early forms of syphilis through the appearance of AT-immobilizins (not earlier than 8-9 months at the time of infection); the method can give hibno positive results, especially in people with autoimmune pathology, malignant diseases, diabetes. In addition, IBT is to complete a foldable, laborious and expensive analysis, as well as to high qualifications for personnel and to the visibility of the staff, in connection with what in the rest of the rock is victorious to be deprived in the vicinity of laboratories. In the diagnosis of IBT, there is a stagnation of a reaction-arbitration in case of malfunctioning results in other serological indications, for differentiation of hypopositive results in the setting of diagnoses of diagnosed forms of syphilis.

Complement reaction with treponemal antigen (RSK with TA). The sensitivity of the method is close to 80%, the specificity is 98%. The method has entered the warehouse of a set of standard serological reactions to syphilis, regulated by the order of the Ministry of Health of the SRSR No. 1161 dated 09/02/1985 "About the detailed serological diagnosis of syphilis". In this day, the victorious process of reaction, as well as RSK with cardiolipin antigen, is surrounded by some laboratory tests.

Reaction of immunofluorescence (RIF)... For diagnostics of syphilis vikoristoyuyt a bit of modification RIF: RIF-c - for the detection of AT in the spinal cord, RIF-200 (the tested syrovat before the reaction should be diluted 200 times); RIF-abs (RIF with absorption), IgM-RIF-abs (for the value of AT IgM). For the sensitivity and specificity of RIF-abs, RIBT is not compromised, although the method is simpler than the method. The results of RIF-abs become positive from the 3rd phase of infection (before the appearance of a hard chancre, or just one hour with it), the whole method early diagnostics syphilis. Inadvertently positive results have been advancing through a lot of rocky years of recurrent early syphilis, and for those with a history of syphilis - for ten years.

Shown for visonannya RIF-abs:

positive NTT results in patients with clinical and anamnestic symptoms, indicating syphilis;
provision of special conditions with small somatic and infectious diseases, in case of any positive results of NTT;
provision of special features key manifestations, Typical for syphilis, ale s negative NTT results;
early diagnosis of syphilis;
in part of vipadkiv - as a criterion of success against contraindications: transition of positive RIF-abs to negative for syphilis 100% criterion for elimination of syphilis.

IgM-RIF-abs stagnates for the development of antibodies of Ig classes, which is of particular interest in diagnosing congenital syphilis, if antibodies to treponema are synthesized in the body of a child, IgM is present, while the mother's IgG AT may be similar. Shown before carrying out the whole doslіdzhennya є: diagnostics of congenital syphilis; assessment of the results of early syphilis detection.

RIF low sensitivity (98.5%) and specificity (99.6%) is practical for all forms of syphilis. In short RIF є: unluckiness of automation of progress and results; difficult preparation of an antigen from a suspension of treponemes from the egg of an infected rabbit; sub'activism in the assessment of results.

Passive hemaglutination reaction (RPHA)... Retaining the results obtained in case of vicious RPHA and IBT, RIF-abs, KSR, MRP showed a high sensitivity and specificity of RPHA in diagnosing syphilis, to be aware of the results of RIF-abs.

RPGA can be a viconan in yakіс and іlкіс options, ісnuti іх macro- and mіkromodіfіkatsіі. The Kilksny method of RPHA allows the assessment of the concentration of specific treponemal antibodies in the blood. Titri in 1: 640 and lower characteristic for patients, who used to drive syphilis in the past. More high titers - call for an active untreated infection.

The positive results of the RPHA, as a rule, will appear after 3 days, when a hard chancre appears and it is distant in the patients, who have suffered syphilis, stretching out a lot of rockets, not very often.

The sensitivity of the RPHA becomes 76% in case of primary syphilis; 100% with secondary syphilis; 97% when syphilis is added; 94% with low syphilis. Specificity of RPHA food, lower specificity of RIF-abs, become 99%.

Heads of high specificity, sensitivity, simplicity of presentation, standardization of reagents in the middle of treponemal tests for serodiagnostics of syphilis RPHA stably borrows CLINIC PRACTICE in the light.

Special perevagi IFA Polyagayut: in high sensitivity and specificity to the method; automation of reaction setting; high level of standardization; the possibility of continuing the great number of educators; in the context of the operational documentation of the results; the possibility of one-hour measurement of the titer of antiponemal antibodies of different classes (IgG and IgM) in one instance; for early diagnostics of syphilis and diagnostics of congenital syphilis; in hand, the blood supply for blood testing in blood transfusion services; zastosovnostі yak susceptible to a specific treponemal test. The sensitivity of the IPA is 98-100%, the specificity is 96-100%.

Until the shortage of the IFA, it is possible to introduce: more trivial term until the result is rejected, and the lesser term of accessibility of IFA-sets, for example, in the case of the RPGA.

Immune blot (IB). One of the most modern methods of diagnostics of syphilis є IB is for the determination of IgG antibodies or IgM antihypertensives for treponemia.

The method is high sensitivity (up to 100%), specificity (98%) and efficiency (100%). Afterwards, it is possible to introduce antibodies to the spectrum of antibodies immediately up to decile AGs of T. pallidum, the accumulation of highly purified recombinant and peptide antigens, and to reduce to a minimum the nonspecific reactivity of the syringes.

All Tse viznachaє mozhlivіst perevagi zastosuvannya method IB before іnshimi treponemal tests for verifіkatsії dіagnozu sifіlіsu in folding vipadkah, zokrema for dіagnostiki sifіlіsu in drugіy polovinі іnkubatsіynogo perіodu, prihovanogo vrodzhenogo sifіlіsu in Pershi dnі Zhittya ditini for viyavlennya prihovanogo sifіlіsu in osіb Zi Slabko humoral vіdpovіddyu , as well as for the differentiation of positive results from other tests.

Wasserman reaction

The complement is called a complex (lipid antigen and reagents of the viprobuvanosyatka). For indication of a complex vikoristovuyut hemolytic system (ram erythrocytes and hemolytic sirovatka). Before the group of CSR, the reaction to the complement, with cardiolipinovym and treponemal antigens, is included in the reaction to the scle (express method). The variability of hemolysis in RV is indicated by the pluses: very positive - 4 +; positive - 3 +; weakly positive - 2 + or 1 +; negative -. The main meaning and the setting of the reaction for the multiple method, that is, with the separate breeding "" sirovatki (1:10; 1:20, etc. up to 1: 320).

The number of standard serological reactions is explained by the antigenic mosaicism of treponemes, in connection with the amount of antigens in the blood of the disease;

At the dermal stage, syphilis can be overwhelmed by both antigens and reactions with some antigens may be positive, and with others - negative. In addition, the specificity of the standard serological reactions of a wiklik is, in addition, the need to identify diagnostic pardons not only one of them, but a complex of reactions. DACs become positive in the third or third month or after the fourth month, when a hard chancre appears. These reactions are very positive, and in terms of the breeding females, practically in all ailments we are secondarily sick (98-99%), secondarily relapsing (100%), tertiary active (70-80%) and thirdly active (50-60%) for syphilis.

Blіdіtreponemi, when the blood of a sick person is given to them, the blood of a sick person pushes back, that is. The results of the reaction are assessed in general: positive RIBT is ascertained at immobilization from 51 to 100% of pale treponemas, weakly positive - from 31 to 50%, total - from 21 to 30% and negative - from 0 to "" 20%. Put the reaction in the minds of anaerobiosis. Immobilizins are found, in the blood of ailments, less antibodies, so RIBT becomes positive, less CSR and RIF. IBT the most specific for acute reactions to syphilis. The main recognition is the identification of positive results in the setting of the CSW. It is especially important that there are ailments, in some syphilis there are no signs of symptoms, but also in the damaged internal organs of the nervous system. Especially significant is the value of RIBT in case of diagnostics of hybopositive results of CSW in vaginites.

The principle of the reaction of the polarity is that the specific antigen (bliditreponemi) is taken from the blood of the sick person (antibody) and the anti-species fluorescent syrovate (the rabbit against the globules of the human, is taken from the fluorescent With a positive reaction in the luminescent microscope, it is possible to bach the green-green lusions of the treponemes, and the odors of the stench emerge as some fluorescent antibodies. The stage of education is assessed by the pluses, as in the case of DAC. The positive reaction is stated as 4 +, 3 + and 2 +. At the stage of lighting 1 + and during the daytime, the reaction becomes negative. In case of secondary syphilis, RIF is positive in 100% vipadc. Vaughn is positive in case of latent syphilis (99-100%), and in theoretical forms and natural syphilis is positive in 95-100%.

Reaction of passive hemaglutination (RPHA). Macromodification of the reaction cycle is called TRNA, micromodification - MNA-TR, automation options Amna-TR. At the same time, a revision of the diagnosticum for RPHA for pathogenic and cultural diseases of treponemes was developed. A high sensitivity and specificity of the RPHA was established, especially in case of different forms of syphilis. The simplicity of the setting, the low party and the sensitivity of the RPGA, and the possibility of being victorious in terms of the general reaction to syphilis. RPGA should be put in the yakісnі and іlksіnom options, іnuyut macro- and micromodіfіkatsіі.

IgM naturally decreases in an hour, increasing the titer of antibodies can serve as an additional sign of the recurrence of a relapse or reinfection. In 1977 r, 19S IgM-TA-abs., Potim 19 IgM-TPHA were propped. The basis of these tests is the distribution for an additional gel-filtration of preliminarily blood samples on 19S IgM and 7S IgG and the detection of the first for an additional immunofluorescence method and a hemagglucinosis test. In 1980, V. Shmidt, describing the reaction of hemadsorption on the solid-phase IgM-SPHA nose, combined the elements of the IPA and RPGA production, and in 1983, E. Lindeshmidt proponated IgM-TP-ABS-Elisa. A. Luger (1981) means that for the establishment of the activity of a specific process in the central nervous system, it is important to assign IgM by way of setting 19S IgM-SPHA. Especially respect for seroconversion in case of syphilis in nemovlyats, mothers of those who used anti-syphilitic therapy.

Before taking any medications listed on the website, consult a doctor.

Analysis for syphilis є with one of the most popular media laboratory dosages... It is widely used to analyze the syphilis during the prophylactic conditions. Behind the help of microscopic microscopy, a syphilis ophthalmologist appears -. For additional serological reactions, the diagnosis of syphilis is confirmed, a diagnosis of syphilis is established, the effectiveness of the treatment is monitored, and the sickness is cured.

Diagnosis of syphilis is established on the basis of clinical reports, diagnostics of syphilis in the form of material and confirmation of diagnostics by serological methods of presentation. Show the syphilis of numerical and versatile, through the ailment you become a drug of special specialties. Differential diagnostics of primary syphilis is carried out in a number of nearby ailments.

Small. 1. In the photo, the first manifestation of syphilis is a hard chancre.

Antibody to blida treponema and serological diagnostics

When infected with syphilis, antibodies are established in the body of the sick person. serological diagnostics additional help lіkarevі vivchati dynamіku establishment of antibodies in the organism of ailing on syphilis in cob stages Illness, during the period of illness and after the end of the day, if there is a relapse of illness in a sick person or re-infection (reinfection), diagnose syphilis in case of mass medical intelligence.

Antibody to blida treponema IgM

The first ones to fix the infected virus are IgM antibodies. Smells to mend vyyavlyatsya for additional serological reactions already from another type of infection. At 6 - 9 years, the number of illnesses becomes maximum. If the ailment is not caught, then the antibodies know through the pivrok. Anti-IgM antibodies are known in 1 - 2 ms. after, after 3 - 6 ms. - writing about a depressive syphilis. As soon as it is re-infected, then it should serve or talk about re-infection. IgM molecules are large and do not pass through the placenta until the fetus.

Antibody to blida treponema IgG

IgG immunoglobulin antibodies are detected in the first month (at the 4th stage) at the time of infection. Їх titer vische, nіzh titer IgM. IgG is saved for a trivial hour.

nonspecific antibodies

Ісnu without lіch serological reactions. It will explain the antigenic plurality of treponemes. In the blood of ailing people at the early stages of syphilis in the blood of specific antibodies, those nonspecific antibodies - agglutinin, complement-binding, immobilizins, antibodies, immunity to immunity Serological reactions to the detection of nonspecific antibodies may be quite specific to the fact that diagnostic pardons are uniquely identified, as a result of not one, but a complex of serological reactions (CSR).

Hybno positive analysis for syphilis

Vidminnoy special non-treponemal tests є rejecting hypo-positive reactions. Antibody-reagents, which are violated in the blood of people against cardiolipin antigen, are restructuring not only in case of syphilis, ale, and in case of other illnesses: collagenoses, hepatitis, ailments nirok, thyrotoxicity Infectious diseases(Leprosy, tuberculosis, brucellosis, malaria, typhus, scarlet fever), with vaginosis and monthly cycles, with fatty alcohol and alcohol. By all means, there is a number of highly positive reactions of growth.

Small. 2. In the photo the first syphilis in women.

Laboratory diagnostics of syphilis with serological reactions

Serological tests for syphilis are susceptible to treponemal and non-treponemal.

1.Not treponemal testaments

In the capacity of the antigen in the whole group of tests, the cardiolipinovy antigen is victorious. Lipid antigens are common in syphilis. The stinks store 1/3 of dry mass of klitini. Behind the addition of non-treponemal tests, anti-reagents appear, which are violated against cardiolipin antigen. This group includes the complement reaction (RSKcard), the microprecipitation reaction (RMP), the reaction of the rapid determination of plasmi reagins (RPR) and іn. In addition to non-treponemal tests, a first screening is carried out for syphilis (the situation of population groups), and the possibility of rejecting the results in a number of options allows the victorious test to control the effectiveness of the test. Positive results from non-treponemal tests were confirmed by treponemal tests. Due to the peculiarity of non-treponemal tests є rejection of hypo-positive reactions.

2. Treponemal test

Treponemal tests show treponemal antigenicity, as seen from the culture of treponemes. With help, positive results of non-treponemal tests are confirmed. Before the group include: RSKtrep - reaction of the complement, RIF - reaction of immunofluorescence and modification, RIT, IBT - reaction of immobilization of hemophagia, RPGA - reaction of immunofluorescence and modification

3. Test for syphilis with testicles of recombinant antigens

Antigens for a given group of tests can be recognized by genetically engineered ways and vicorists in reactions - RPHA and IFA, in immunoblotting (IB) and immunochromatographic analyzes.

Small. 3. For the diagnosis of syphilis vicoris, a complex of serological tests is used.

Diagnosis of syphilis with non-treponemal tests

To detect syphilis vikoristovuyutsya non-treponemal tests or a complex of serological reactions (CSR). Serological diagnostics will be stagnant from the 5th to the moment of infection, or from 2-3 days when it appears. Antityla appears practically in all ailments from the first,. Serological reactions are positive in 70 - 80% of patients with s, in 50 - 60% of patients with tertiary syphilis.

Serological reactions to non-treponemal tests can give positive results.

Small. 4. Taking blood for the analysis for syphilis.

Complement ring reaction (RSK card, KSK z KA, Wasserman reaction)

The reaction of Wasserman (RW, RV), Vinayden A. Wasserman for 100 years, this year has learned the powerless wines, however, like Danin tradition, I have saved my name by the present hour. The reaction to call the complement from the intake of cardiolipin antigen is not designated only for the detection of antibodies, but rather to be shown in the only option - due to the increased breeding of the serum, which allows the eligibility for the control of the antigen. Low sensitivity and specificity, rejecting positive results - the negative side of this kind of perception.

The essence of Wasserman's reaction is in the offensive: antigens, which become stagnant during the staging of Wasserman's reaction, in the presence of antibodies to syphilis in the blood of people, and for an additional complement, call with them and fall into siege. The intensity of the reaction is indicated by the sign (+). The reaction can be negative (-) - during the siege, total (small siege abo +), weakly positive (++), positive (+++) and very positive (++++).

More sensitive є view of Wasserman's reaction - Colmer's reaction. In addition, antibodies appear in syrovats, the reaction of Wasserman gave a negative result.

In case of very positive reactions, a number of reagins are not assigned, for which the syrovat is used in dilutions from 1:10 to 1: 320, so that it allows the vicarious view of the test to control the effectiveness of the addiction. For example, lowering the titer of antibodies and more seronegation (rejecting negative results), talk about the success of detecting ill health.

Small. 5. Analysis of blood for syphilis - Wasserman's reaction.

Microreaction of precipitation (MRP)

The microreaction of precipitation is fixed for the mass conditions of the population groups, the diagnosis of syphilis and the control over the efficiency of the treatment. To carry out this type of advancement, a small amount of advance material is required. The basis of the precipitation microreaction is the immunological reaction of antigen-antigen. In the case of the presence of antibodies in the blood of the antigen-antigen complex, the antigen-antibodies are in the siege against the statements of the plastic. The reaction is carried out in the holes of a special glass plate. Assess the intensity of the siege and the size of the plastic in (+) Wasserman's reaction. When there is a well-tended vagina, donors for the control of the effectiveness of the treatment will not be stagnant. VDRL and RPR є with different types of microreactions.

Small. 6. Type of reaction of the precipitation in the drop on the skl.

Small. 7. Analysis of blood for syphilis - microprecipitation reaction.

Small. 8. A set for carrying out the reaction of a quick test of reagins with plasmas (Test for syphilis RPR).

All positive tests, rejected during non-specific serological reactions, are confirmed by specific reactions - treponemal tests.

Diagnosis of syphilis with treponemal tests

When treponemal tests are carried out, antigenic treponemal pacing is observed. On the negative side, there is a lack of medical treatment for monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment, rejection of positive results in spirochetosis and non-venereal treponematoses, and rejection of hypopositive results in case of pathological diseases, children, leprosy Such testimonies, such as RPGA, IFA and RIF, become positively positive in many ways in terms of syphilis, and in some cases, even more so.

IBT and RIF are more specific due to their serological reactions, which can be used for the diagnosis of syphilis. The stench allows the development of positive reactions, the appearance of the formation of syphilis, and against negative reactions. For the help of the IBT, hybnopositive reactions are recognized in vaginites, if it is necessary to know about the child's information.

Reaction of immobilization of blidich treponemes (RIBT, RIT)

The essence of the reaction of a polyag is in the fact that the anti-virus, which is found in the sick blood, immobilizes the bliditreponemi. A negative reaction is involved in the immobilization of up to 20% of abnormalities, weakly positive - 21 - 50%, positive - 50 - 100%. IBT inodi yes pseudopositive results. The test is folding and laborious, however, it is indispensable when differential diagnostics accustomed forms of sickness and positive results in serological reactions, including in vaginal ones. IBT gives a 100% positive result for secondary, early and secondary syphilis, in 94 - 100% of cases - for other forms of syphilis.

Reaction of immunofluorescence (RIF)

The essence of the reaction of polarity is in the fact that bliditreponemi (antigens), antigens, marked by fluorochromes, can be seen in a luminescent microscopic light green light. The result is evaluated with a (+) sign. For the help of RIF, immunoglobulin class A appears. The reaction of immunofluorescence is positive earlier than that of Wasserman. Vona is positively positive in case of secondary and latent syphilis, in 95 - 100% of cases it is positive in case of tertiary and congenital syphilis. The technique of carrying out this type of development is simpler, not at the IBT, but instead of replacing the RIF with the RIBT, it is not a matter of given reaction to act on the specificity of RIBT. RIF-10 (modification of RIF) is more sensitive, RIF-200 and RIF-abs are more specific.

Small. 9. Analysis of blood for syphilis - reaction of immunofluorescence (RIF).

Reaction of the immune adhesion of treponemes (RIPBT)

The essence of the reaction of the polarity is in the sensitization of the sick bladder-treponemia in the presence of the complement to the surface of the erythrocytes. Otrimanі complexes when tsetrofugіrovanіі vipadayut in siege. The sensitivity of the test given and the specificity is close to RIF and RIBT.

Enzyme immunoassay for syphilis (IFA)

For an additional IFA, immunoglobulins of class M and G begin. The method of IgM - IFA can be used for vicoristan in a screening and passable test. Sensitivity of the IFA and the specificity of the analogous RIF. In case of syphilis ІFA, give positive results from the third month of information and to complete the whole life (one of all life) to become positive.

Small. 10. Immunoassay analyzer.

Reaction of passive (indirect) hemaglutination (RPHA)

RPHA is based on the health of erythrocytes, on those adsorbed antigens of the treponemia, in the presence of a sick person to stick together (hemagglutination). RPGA will be used for diagnostics of all forms of syphilis, including the primed one. When a high potency of the Danish antigen is stagnant, the type of serological reaction outweighs all of the tests in terms of specificity and sensitivity.

Small. 11. RPGA will be used for diagnostics of all forms of syphilis.

Small. 12. Analysis for syphilis - reaction of passive (indirect) hemaglutination (scheme).

Small. 13. The view of an inverted parasolka, which covers the entire bottom of the test tube, to indicate a positive reaction. If the erythrocytes are deposited with a stack ("gudzik") in the center of the bottom of the test tube, talk about a negative reaction.

Small. 14. RPGA test in laboratory minds.

Laboratory diagnostics

The order of serological diagnostics methodology for detecting bliddy treponemas (microbiological diagnostics) is an extremely important role, especially during the period of seronegative syphilis, since there is a solid antitum in the blood, or even the first

Biological material for pre-development is the visualization from the surface of solid vyrazoks (chancres), instead of pustular syphilides, moss and erosive papules, punctuations of inflammatory lymphatic universities, for blood and amniocentesis, for

Using the most beautiful method of detecting samples in syphilis and reading biological material in the dark field of a microscope. The technique is given Allowing the pacification of bliditreponemi in a living state of vivity and specialty of budov and rukh, the identification of pathogenic pathogens from saprophies.

Small. 15. Analysis for syphilis - dark-field microscopy.

Small. 16. When vivchenni dry smears vykorystovutsya barn for Romanovskiy-Gimza. Blіdіtreponemi farther in rhubarb colіr, all іnshі vidi spirochetes - in fioletovia.

The appearance of treponemes during microscopy in a dark field is an absolute criterion for the residual diagnosis of syphilis.

Small. 17. For the detection of bacteria, the reaction of immunofluorescence (RIF) stagnates - treponemal test. A specific antigen antigen complex when diagnosed with a specific syrovate, a microfluorochrome, in the light of a luminescent microscope gives light bacteria with a green color.

Small. 18. The syphilis bears a good look in the smears prepared according to the Levadit technique (impregnation with a siblom). Bliditreponemi of dark color on the tartarized clitin innfikovanikh fabrics

Small. 20. In the photo of the colony of blidikh treponems. Consider the culture of bacteria is important. The stench is practical not to grow on piece, lively middlings. In the middle, to avenge the kins and rabbit sirovatki, the colonies are on 3 - 9 dobu.

PLR for syphilis

Effective and promising for the current year є method of carrying out polymerase lantsyugovy reaction. PLR for syphilis will allow you to correct the result for several years, and in the selected one for diagnostics of material, you may want to be present if you are sick.

Small. 21. PLR for syphilis allows for DNA detection or fragments of treponemes.

The sensitivity of the given method to the extent of being evident in the biological material of the treponemes and reach is 98.6%. The specificity of the given test is quite enough in what to lay down in the correct choice of the target for amplification during the diagnostics and reach 100%.

At the same time, at the same time, there is a link with the lack of adequate response characteristics and specificity of direct methods for diagnosing syphilis and PLR, Danish method Regularity in the Russian Federation for diagnostics of ill health is not yet verified.

PLR on syphilis is allowed to carry out lesions in some cases, such as a pre-existing method of diagnostics of congenital syphilis, neurosyphilis, in case of accelerated diagnostics of syphilis from tests of serological methods of diagnostics.

Small. 22. Evidence of the DNA of treponemi from the stasis of the PLR to talk about the appearance of living bacteria, or about the surplus of the dead, or to avenge the old copies of the chromosomal DNA that were left before the approval.

As far as ailment is concerned, a third syphilis develops. Wine manifests itself through five rockets, if the internal organs are destroyed. Enemies of the nerves, the heart-vascular system, the dorsal and the brain. To go out from the fret of the nirka, the liver, the shlunok, the intestines.

Especially not safe is the situation, as there is a sick person on VIL. Yak and syphilis, VIL nibilsh are often conveyed by the state path and it is important to follow. With a lot of ailments with syphilis, you get sick of the health of VIL, and ailments on VIL start to get sick with syphilis. Yakshho syphilis pidhopiv VIL-information, the effectiveness of the disease to lay down at the stage of congestion: why is it better for people to be ill on VIL, it is more risky to develop important ones - it is not particularly

Yak take analysis

Such a type of analysis, like a smear, in case of syphilis, like VIL, is ineffective. In the smear, the ailment is visible at all stages of illness.

see the message

For the value of antibodies to the blood of treponema in the blood, the following tests are stagnant:

RIF abo FTA (reaction of immunofluorescence) - the reaction of fluorescent antibodies is triggered.
RPHA abo TPHA (reaction of passive hemaglutination) - analysis for syphilis, where IgM and IgG antibodies are detected.
IFA or ELISA - the name is deciphered as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, meaning a combination of IgG and IgM antibodies.

The analysis of the IPA allows the value of antibodies to the bladder of treponema: immunoglobulins - G, M, A.

Immediately on the basis of immunity for the fight against bacteria, IgA antibodies are violated, two times later - IgM. Through the month, IgG appears. If the clinical symptoms of the disease are repaired, shelter for syphilis will show a sufficient number of antibodies of all three types.

Until then, it is shown that the specificity of IgM antibodies to syphilis changes rapidly for effective treatment. The peculiarity of IgG antibodies lies in the fact that the test for syphilis appears after a great hour of testing and stretching the patient's life. Therefore, a positive IPA result does not mean the appearance of a syphilis. A positive test can be significant as the stage of development of the disease, as well as those that have recently been carried out more efficiently, and that antibodies still circulate in the blood. A negative result of the IFA can mean both the presence of an illness and its early stage.

Reaction of passive hemaglutination

The sensitivity of the RPHA is more effective in the secondary and tertiary period of syphilis - 99%, while the primary reliability of the analysis becomes 85%.

Wasserman reaction

CSR is not a specific analysis for syphilis: positive CSR is possible in patients with tuberculosis, pain, with autoimmune disabilities, oncology, during the hour of vaginosity and those of the latter. An analysis for syphilis with a vaginosis of the building is obov'yazkovo, some of the manifestation of a sickness in a vagina can be brought up to the weekend, for a national child with a kind of ill health.

For an hour or so for the test, often lie in the technique of carrying out. Zazvychay hour vikonannya express-method to become close to pіvgodini.

Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of syphilis. Current diagnostics of syphilis and assessment of the results of CSR blood analysis: well and if there is a

Antibody to blida treponema and serological diagnostics

Antibody to blida treponema IgM

Antibody to blida treponema IgG

nonspecific antibodies

Hybno positive analysis for syphilis

Laboratory diagnostics of syphilis with serological reactions

1.Not treponemal testaments

2. Treponemal test

3. Test for syphilis with testicles of recombinant antigens

Diagnosis of syphilis with non-treponemal tests

Complement ring reaction (RSK card, KSK z KA, Wasserman reaction)

Microreaction of precipitation (MRP)

Diagnosis of syphilis with treponemal tests

Reaction of immobilization of blidich treponemes (RIBT, RIT)

Reaction of immunofluorescence (RIF)

Reaction of the immune adhesion of treponemes (RIPBT)

Enzyme immunoassay for syphilis (IFA)

Reaction of passive (indirect) hemaglutination (RPHA)

Laboratory diagnostics

PLR for syphilis

Yak take analysis

see the message

Reaction of passive hemaglutination

Wasserman reaction

Yak evaluate the result

anonymity