Yak viglyadaє normal blood analysis. Zagalny analysis of the blood of the grown-ups - deciphering the indicators

Zagalny analiz blood (UAC) - the price of a preschool diagnosis, for which a diagnosis of illness or a prophylactic examination of a doctor within the framework of a schooric dispensary examination is required. Without a simple, less important test, it is hard to objectively assess the health of the people. OAK innakhe is called a zagalnoklinic or simply a clinical analysis of blood, ale іsnu is also a blooming variant, which is based on the details of the development of leukocyte formulas and stagnates in that vypadtsku.

Within the framework of the UAC, all three forms of blood elements are to be assessed: erythrocytes, indications of organisms and tissues, leukocytes - fighting immunity, and thrombocytes - sources of bleeding. However, in the laboratory, there is not only the number of named clitins. Before the cutaneous type of blood cells, there are a few additional indicators, for which you can judge about the very different aspects of the life of a particular organism. Deciphering the results of the analysis of blood - the establishment of a competent doctor, therapist of the pediatrician, and also the meaning of not only numbers in the form, but the second time of seeing the norms one by one, as well as the data that were taken into account in the course of the day.

For overgrown patients, they can take shelter for out-of-the-box analysis, either from the finger for help, or from the veni, with a syringe. In infants of the UAC, brothers are brought up from the lobe of whah or five, so the fingers are too small, and it is important to drink in the vein. Vvazhaєtsya, for a preschool, venous blood is more beautiful - in more erythrocytes and hemoglobin, less in capillary blood. In addition, it is possible to take a lot of material at once, so that if you need to carry out additional analyzes, do not send people to the laboratory again.

In the Danish hour, most of the medicine and polyclinic are equipped with an automatic analyzer. For a new one, I took a shelter from a patient and put it in a special container with an anticoagulant - a vacutainer. The analyzer will meaningfully forgive and accelerate the process of rejecting the results of the afterbirth analysis of blood, however, if the values ​​of the results are shown by the norms in the indicators, you can use the third generation machine to make a pardon in the rosters. To that, the skin was taken at a glance and earlier, for the purpose of obovasovomu applied on the subject of the slope, farrowing and visual assessment under a microscope.

Otrimanі danі to be entered in і or to go to the doctor, or to be seen in the hands of the patients. As the preliminaries were carried out "in the old way", the sound of the laboratory assistant's recordings was not in the warehouse of difficult situations, even there there would be specified names of all indicators and norms. As soon as the zagalny analysis of blood is displayed on an automatic analyzer, the document will be a file with unreasonable indices, which is stored in decal Latin letters. Here you will melodiously know the deciphering of the results, and we need all the necessary information: the norms for the analysis of blood for women, choloviks and children Riznogo viku at viglyadі table and list for any reason Why are the indicators of adjustment or decrease.

In the vastness of the framing, it is possible to create a lot of different tables of a different stage of relevance, and the data in them can be slightly seen. About turbuvatisya not varto, oskіlki diagnostic value may clearly bend in the standard digits. In addition, the results of the blood analysis can only be judged on the basis of the results of those conditions - one deprives the UAC of the correct diagnosis unhappily, that th is not necessary to magatize the price.

How can you be prepared for the analysis of blood?

On the reliability of the results, the following factors can be incorporated:

Priymannya їzhі;

Trivale perebuvannya on the sun;

Nerve stress;

Implantation to alcohol and chicken;

Acceptance of actions;

Menstruation in women.

If you don’t want to get up early again, check your house and build shelter, get ready for the analysis correctly, but it’s as simple as that. First of all, do not go to the beaches, do not go overboard or drink delicious drinks. Negotiate with the doctor all medications that you will take on a regular basis. If you are a woman, sign up a visit to the laboratory for that period of the cycle, if there are not a few months. Do not smoke or smoke anything. For six months before entering the office, if you can, sit down in the corridor, relax, do not rush around, do not run around the gatherings.

Little ones can get very nervous before giving blood just through the lukarny atmosphere, and older children, who are already thinking, come, are often afraid of the procedure itself, syringes and scarifiers. Calm down the child, it’s still important, because it’s stressful to be recognized on the results of the blood analysis.

Standards for the analysis of blood in women and children (table)

abbreviation	Indicator i odinitsa vimir	people	women
	10 cells in 12 steps per 1 liter (10 12 / l)
The extinction of red blood cells (hemolysis) through the exclusion of toxins and autoimmune pathologies; Congenital fermentopathies, which consume enzymes that take part in hematopoiesis; Poor race, deficiency of proteins, minerals, amino acids, vitamins and other valuable components. Erythrocytes p_dvischen_ - reasons: Sertseva or a lack of legeneva; Eritremia (polycythemia); Period of vaginosity, adult and nursery - the body needs more health, less agility; Statements and chronicles Infectious diseases; Systemic and autoimmune pathologies (, rheumatoid arthritis, ); Zakvoryuvannya blood (leukozy, be-like anemia, talasemia); Degenerative-dystrophic processes in the liver (cirrhosis, fatty hepatosis); Oncologic disease; Otruunnya to the organism of any ethology; welcome lykarsky zasobiv; Alteration of hemoglobin - causes: An even more active way of life, intensive physical activity, for being busy with sports, living in a city center for development, we clean it up; Vrodzheni wadi hearts and legends, functional lack of cich organs; Pathology of the hematopoietic system (erythremia); Zakvoryuvannya nirok (stenosis of the nirkovo artery, pukhlin); Dysfunction of supernatural; Znevodnennya organizmu; Ominous sechegіnnnymi zasoba; Hematocrit (HCT) Hematocrit norm: Women - 36-43% Choloviki - 44-52% Children - 37-44% Hematocrit - the price of the treatment of erythrocytes to the afterbirth of blood. To see if it’s a good indicator, if it’s a test tube from the UAC, it’s fixed vertical position They gave me an hour to stand, but a small part of the red sank to the bottom, and the plasma appeared on the mountains, and the fragments were less important than the blood cells. So the axis, the percentage of sp_vv_dnoshennya between two fractions and є hematocrit. Only in the laboratory it is simpler to calculate the process of blood distribution on the erythrocytes and plasma behind the aid of the centrifuge. Have great people in the body of the circulatory system is close to 4.5-5 liters of blood. As soon as it is located in the blood-bearing channel, all forms of elements can circulate in the plasma. If you take a dry test tube in a dry test tube, without an anticoagulant, then a tangle of fibrin, clumping with erythrocytes, and a hole in the gallbladder, in which a lot of indications do not appear correctly, will form in it. The axis of what is so important is to place the eyes of the UAC into a vacutainer, so that the results will be the most informative and accurate, and the hematocrit should be in the first place. Obviously, the value of HCT can be found in all sizes and numbers of erythrocytes. In the case of deciphering the analysis of blood, the indicator is shown as a percentage. Even hematocrit decreases up to 20-25%, it’s not worth talking about anemia, and even about 65% reductions - about a reference or an overprotection. Normal indicators of hematocrit in the bloodstream analysis: Decreases hematocrit - causes: The other half of the vagina; An excess of water in the body, for example, through the adjustment of the concentration of salt or alcohol; Ingestion of blood, including evil (leukemia, paraproteinemic hemoblastosis, maloma, Hodzhkinskaya lymphoma); Anemia be-like genesis; Nirkova lack, All pathologies of nirok, scho provoke the fit of the line and the embryo; Great blood loss; Important infectious diseases (typhoid fever); Otruynnya salts of important metals, bran mushrooms; Lіkuvannya cytostatics і anti-inflammatory drugs. Hematocrit of abnormalities - causes: Perebuvannya in the minds of the great vosot і razrіzhennogo povіtrya; Znevodnennya organizmu; Profuse carry or strong blues; Kishkova imperfection; Polycythemia (eritremia, or Vakeza's ailment); Legeneva lack of; "Blue" vices of the heart; Pukhlini nirok; Opikova ailment; Peritonitis. Reticulocyti (RET) The rate of reticulocytes: Women - 0.5-2.05% Choloviki - 0.7-1.9% Children - 0.7-2.05% Reticulocytes are the maybutny hearts of blood, the young, the immature form of the erythrocytes. The stench is formed in the cystic marrow, passing through the stages of development, and the reticulocyte overstaying from them, if the nucleus is drawn into the cell. A similar indicator should be included in the form for the analysis of blood; An automatic analyzer for blood pressure, from 1000 erythrocytes in humans - immature, tobto reticulocytes, and the result in percentage terms. At school, the number of children can reach 10%, so that the hematopoietic system is occupied by the erythropoiesis, and the norm. And the axis of older people is the number of reticulocytes in the middle of the adult forms of blood, the number of children in the serpentine camp is innocent of 2%. Normal indicators of reticulocytes in the transient blood analysis: Reticulocyti p_dvischeni - causes: Massive blood loss; Otrunnya hemolytic otrutoyu; Acceptance of deyakikh likiv (eritropoietin, Levodopa, fever-reducing zasobiv); Renewal of food exchange and chemotherapy; Go at a great height; vagіtnіst; Intolerance of the hematopoietic system (polycythemia, thalassemia, hemolytic anemia); Gostra hypoxia (kisneve hunger); Deyakі іnfektsії, for example, painter; Acceptance of lykarsky workers (chloramphenicol, carbamazepin, sulfanilamidi); deficiency folic acid i vitamina B12; Alcoholism. Color index (CP) Colored indicator rate: Women, people and children older than 3 years - 0.85-1.05 Little ones up to 3 rock_v - 0.75-0.95 Colored abnormal blood indicator - the price for the current day of the old diagnostic parameter, which describes the degree of blood clotting in hemoglobin. But if it’s old, it’s not because it’s not needed, but because it’s out of the question that automatic analyzers have come all over the place to replace manual CPU performance. Stinks can be seen in the same dan in viglyadi of one of the erythrocytic indexes, which are discussed in more detail below. Apparently, if in the interpretation of the results of the UAC, you use the abbreviation of the CPU, it means that it was previously carried out in a special laboratory. The color indicator in the blood analysis is based on the formula: CP = (hemoglobin in g / l x 3) / three first digits of the erythrocyte value if the result is lower than the norm, move about hypochromia, Yaksho vische - about hyperchrome. Most often, hypochromia is observed, if the erythrocytes are rich, the stench is a little bit puffy, and even more likely to appear on the manifestation of some type of anemia. Alas, those, that normochromia by itself does not mean health - in humans, there can be a proportional change in the number of erythrocytes, and the amount of hemoglobin in them, with which the indicator of CP will be in the norm. Buva and the third option of seeing, if the blood of red blood is too little, and the hemoglobin axis in them is too much, so the CPU will be moved, and in the obviousness of thickened blood, the cause of a certain risk to lie. Erythrocyte indexes (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW) There are many important indicators that can be seen by automatic blood analyzers during the analysis. The stench is known as Latin abbreviations, describing the camp of erythrocytes and their functional capabilities. The machine calculates the erythrocytic indexes, outgoing from the backbone of the blood children, the change in hemoglobin and the percentage of the red blood cells to plasmas (hematocrit). MCV (mean cell volume) Tsei index demonstrating the middle obsyag of one erythrocyte, bends in femtoliters. So that an automatic analyzer takes care of all the worms of blood that appear - and the number of small ones, and the correct ones (normocytes), and great (macrocytes) and gigants (megalocytes) - there are many types of storage ... MCV rate: Women - 81-103 fl Choloviks - 79-100 fl Children - 73-97 fl Anomalous adduction of the erythrocyte index MCV to be called macrocytosis, And the reduction - microcytosis. MCV will cause alterations on aphids of the liver, pathologies of the hematopoietic system, including oncological ones, deficiency of folic acid, vitamin B12 and associated anemia, alcohol withdrawal from the body and trivial malignancies. A decrease in the index in the blood analysis can be caused by hypochromia, microcytic, hypochromic, or sideroblastic anemia, hyperthyroidism (excess production of hormones thyroid gland), Hemoglobinopathies (damage to the structure of hemoglobin). RDW (red cell distribution width) The whole index characterizes the stages of the development of worm-blood children, briefly called anisocytosis and flies in the blood. Talking about the frontal indicator, we pererahuvali tipi erythrocytes. So the axis, if people have all the hearts of blood, approximately the same size, the RDW index will be in the norm. Also, in the population of erythrocytes, there will be a lot of giants and liliputes, RDW will be introduced. If you look at the value, you can only look at the front parameter, MCV, and maybe just as much as all the red bloods are small, or navpaki, big, RDW may also be normal, but not a good situation. Erythrocytes are guilty of the correct size and do not appear to be one of one kind. RDW rate: Women, people and children older than 6 months - 11.5-14% Malyuki to pivroku - 15-18% MCH (mean cell hemoglobin) Tsei index is placed in the middle instead of hemoglobin in one erythrocyte and with a constant analogue of the colonic (colore) blood indicator. Vimіryuєtsya MCH in picograms. About the values ​​\ u200b \ u200bvidhilen from the norms can be found out, de mi vzhe looked at the CPU. MCH rate: Women - 26-34 pg Choloviki - 27-32 pg Children - 26-32 pg MCHC (mean cell hemoglobin concentration) The whole index will add to the front and describe the average concentration of the red blood pigment in the blood, expressed in grams per liter. Correct deciphering of the indicators of the erythrocytes in the external analysis of the blood is only possible from the urahuvannya of all the indices, okremos of the data of little informative. Decreases in the level of ICSU, for example, can be caused by the presence of hypochromic anemia or thalassemia. And it’s impossible to change the norm of the ICSU in principle, besides, as in the erythrocytes the hemoglobin was filled with a lot of hemoglobin, as soon as hemolysis occurred (the cells simply burst). MCHC rate: Women - 320-360 g / l Choloviks - 320-370 g / l Children - 320-380 g / l The speed of the formation of erythrocytes (SHOE) Females - 2-15 mm / year, for 50 rocks - up to 20-30 mm / year, wagons - up to 40 m / h Choloviks - 1-10 mm / year, for 50 rocks - up to 15-20 mm / year Children - 2-10 mm / year The speed of the deposition of erythrocytes (SHOE) allows the assessment of how quickly the shelter is distributed to plasma and red blood (hematocrit is predicted). Earlier, an indicator called the reaction of the deposition of erythrocytes (POE). Ale the result, and to this day, will appear in the very end of the form and will complete the deciphering of the foreign blood analysis. It is noteworthy that women with red blood usually appear as plasmas and sink to the bottom of the test tube approximately in the second time, less in children and children. And in the period of hormonal therapy (menstruation, vagintness) SHOE went off scale. About what to say about the speed of the formation of erythrocytes, why is it so important to know? In healthy people, the erythrocytic membranes are negatively charged, so the red blood is taken out of the same and deposited altogether. Through some ailments, the situation changes: if the blood grows in the place of the C-reactive battery, alpha and gamma globulins, fibrinogen, and so the erythrocytes are repaired one to one and similar to the coin. The purchase of bloodshed children is more important than any other blood, so the group will sink to the bottom of the shvidshe test tube. And the axis, on the other hand, is a decrease in the concentration in the blood of the little one, albumin, navpaki, the gluing of erythrocytes, і SHOE padaє. Zvorotna situation is spared in case of damage electrolyte balance Too red blood tiltsya draw in a negative charge, cease to grow and settle more quickly, so that SHOE to move. Knowing all the regularities of the purchase with the results of the same situation, the doctor can allow the diagnosis. In order to make it SHOE, the laboratory assistant will remind the patient's blood of a thin tube, and I will install Panchenko's tripod in this title for one year. There є millimeter scale, wondering at the yak, you can see the result of writing the end of the entered hour. Isnu y іnshy, big lucky method Westergren, who cries out, in the main, zakordonnі laboratories. Wien allows you to count SHOE for one year, however, the results will be identical, even if the odor is correct in both cases. Vimiruєtsya SHOE in millimeters for a year. SHOE p_vischena - reasons: Period before menstruation in women; Viability (the SHOE reaches a maximum in 2-5 days when the slopes and can become 55 mm / year); Whether it is bacterial, viral, fungal infection (GDVI, tuberculosis); Infected internal organs (cystitis, gastritis, endocarditis); Pathology of the heart-vascular system (myocardial infarction, heart failure); Autoimmune disease (systemic chervonia vovchak, rheumatoid arthritis, rosy sclerosis, Hemorrhagic); Normal indicators of leukocytes in the transient blood analysis: Leukocytes p_dvischeni - causes: Natural physiological officials, for example, menstruation and the other half of the vaginosity in women, are active physically nontransfected, during the period of chipping; Be-like gn_yno-igniting processes in the body (sinusitis, bronchitis, peritonitis, cob stage); Absolutely all oncological illnesses, including ill-treatment of the hematopoietic system; Injuries, abnormalities, wounds, operational and psychoactive periods; Otrunnya organizmu with grains, alcoholic intoxication; Period aggravated rheumatism; Infusion of drugs (steroids, adrenaline); Heart-and-heart pathology (infarction, stroke); Allergic reaction; Hypoxia. Leukocyte reduction - causes: Hypoplasia, or aplasia of the cystic marrow, metastasis of puffin in its structure, attributing its functions as a result of a change in chemotherapy; Chronic infections of severe interruption, for example, tuberculosis in the remaining stages or SNID; Deyaki state virus infections (influenza, cyr, rubella, mononucleosis). For them, leukopenia for 3-4 additional ailments is the norm; Colagenozy (systemic autoimmune pathology of the resulting tissues, for example, sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, red blood vessels, scleroderma); A number of blood-bearing afflictions lymphatic systems, Including malaise (plasmacytoma, lymphogranulomatosis, myolofibrosis, mylodysplastic syndrome); Improvement of the spleen, primary and secondary hypersplenism (abnormal increase in functional activity of the organ), the appearance of the spleen; Sepsis (leukopenia with tsom - even more troublesome diagnostics); Acceptance of actions (refineries, cytostatics, sulfanilamids, antibiotics); Anaphylactic shock; The exchange of ailments; Folding for blood transfusion; Severe stress. Leukocyte formula - tse percentage of the number of leukocytes different type in the out-of-town population. The whole indicator can be recorded in the deciphering of the results of the flared blood analysis. Vyvchennyam leukocyte formulas need to be engaged in that kind, if the zagalny rivn of more bloods is significant or lower than the norms. That is why, for example, in case of infections, hemolytic pathologies and oncological ailments, the situation will be at the root of the situation - that the number of leukocytes in humans will be more, and some less. All the bloodshed are divided into two large groups: granulocytes and agranulocytes. Before the first, granular leukocytes, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils are carried - they have segmented nuclei. To others, let us add granules, monocytes and lymphocytes are introduced - they have one large nucleus. Granulocytes accumulate up to 75% of the external number of leukocytes, which appear in the peripheral blood in humans within the framework of the external blood analysis. If you look at the table with the deciphering of the results, then, by the way, the most numerous representatives of the granular spit will appear neutrophils, which are healthy (segmented) and invisible (stab). What about the same leukocyte formula left and right? Zsuv leukocyte formulas are left - this is the situation, when there are young neutrophils in the patient's blood. And it’s not guilty there, the stench is normal in just the cyst. As well as young people living in immunity are violated in the growth of blood diseases and in the peripheral roof in the immature vigilance, meaning, the organism of large-scale infections (painful process, diphtheria), scabies The axis of the zsuv leukocyte formula is of great diagnostic significance. It’s a great situation, if there are too many old neutrophils in the blood, and they already have five nuclei, but in that case, if people live in a very difficult muscle, it’s due to the influx of radioactivity, chronically deficient in anemic acid legeny zhvoryuvannya, visnazhennya organizmu. The axis can be easily shifted to the right of the leukocyte formula. Neutrophils (NEUT) Norm of neutrophils: Women and men - segmented: 47-72%, butchery: 1-3% Children - segmented: 40-65%, butchery: 1-5% Neutrophils play a leading role in the fight against bacterial infections. The stench is constantly circulated by the cystic marrow - stretching the skin slime into the roof of the house to see the new children in the immune system. Neutrophils rise in price along the blood-bearing channel for 8-48 years, and then settle in tissues and organs, in order to occupy their battle post, so that they rush to fight against insecure invasions. Neutrophils are the most common among all leukocytes, and the main function is called phagocytosis. The whole process of devouring alien cell structures and infectious diseases. One neutrophilic granulocyte can contain up to 30 bad bacteria! Before an hour the discussion on the leukocyte formulas was made, and they also guessed about those who do not form neutrophils are called stab, and in healthy people in the peripheral blood they can have a small amount, but a segmented Stan, when there is a lot of neutrophils in the blood of a man, is called, and a zorotny situation, if there are abnormally few -. Normal indicators of neutrophils in the blood test: Neutrophilia or adversity - causes: Bacterial infections and flare-ups, especially gostri form(Angina, sinusitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, enterocolitis, pancreatitis, cystitis, bronchitis); Traumatic lesions of soft tissues and gnіynі processes (diagnoses, wounds, abscesses, gangrene); Infarction of internal organs (heart, spleen, nirki); Oncological and autoimmune illnesses; Likuvannya immunostimulants; Vaccination period. Neutrophils of decrease - the reasons: Okremia vidi infectious ailments of bacterial and viral nature (flu, cyr, rubella, viral hepatitis,); Pathology of the hematopoietic system (leukemia, anemia); Thyrotoxicosis (detachment of the body with thyroid hormones); In oncological ailments - the period of exchange or chemotherapy; Acceptance of certain drugs (antibiotics, anti-tier drugs); Basofili (BASO) Baseline rate: Women, cholovіki and children be-like vіku - 0-1% Basophilic granulocytes - nyrіdkіsnіshі guests in the deciphering of the external analysis of blood. There may not be a sign of it, but not an anxiety symptom. Vyroblyayutsya basophils with a cystovymus, to the roof to be drunk in a mature viglyadi and to be there for 24-48 years. Їх building up to amoeboid ruch is even modest, that and they phagocytize the stench weakly, but do not enter it. Basophilia have an S-shaped cleft nucleus with a three-lobed nucleus, with all the clitin being filled with histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other mediators of heat. Such a rank, tsi immune cells lead to the development of non-secret type of allergic reactions. This means that if people do not get an allergen or a toxin, they are not particularly needed. If there is a threat, the leukocytes can be repaired as soon as possible, and the laboratory assistant can appear during the postal analysis. In the presence in the field, the basophilic cells are fired up, or there is degranulation, so that I can burst and open up with myself biologically active speeches. Having remembered the price, іnshі immune cells іnpіsayut to help and develop the necessary type of activity, in the absence of that, which became the cause of the "catastrophe". It is important: an abnormally high level of basophils in the blood is called, and such a term, such as "" in medical practice, is rarely used, because the type of leukocytes in healthy people may not appear in the analysis of blood. Basophilia p_advischeni - reasons: Oncologic illness, including malignant lesions of the hematopoietic and lymphatic systems (carcinoma, lymphoid, myloleukemia); Hypothyroidism and disease hormonal drugs, To adjust the functional activity of the thyroid zone; Іnfektsіynі and igniting processes of any genesis (flu, tuberculosis, red colitis,); Hemolithic and hypertensive anemia; Autoimmune pathology (rheumatoid arthritis, vasculature,); Diabetes mellitus; Kharchova abo likarska allergy; Vividness of the spleen. Eosinophiles (EO) The rate of eosinophil: Women and men - 0.5-5% Children - 1-7% Eosinophils are healthy to phagocytosis, as and ichni brothers - neutrophils, but at the same time, there can be no other particles, so that they appear as microphages, and not macrophages. smut korisna power eosinophiliv polyagaє in form humoral immunity, To catch, tied with a ruinous infusion of antibodies on alien cells, and not forgive them forgiving neutrophils. I will call the zanadot of the concentration of eosinophils in the analysis of blood "", and the zvorotny camp, if there is a lack of it, is called "". Eosinophilia of admission - reasons: Statements of infectious diseases, including venereal (scarlet fever, mononucleosis, syphilis,); Allergic reactions and tied ailments to them (kropivyanka, vasomotor rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, anaphylactic shock); Legeny pathologies (sarcoidosis, fibrosing alveolitis, pleurisy); Oncological incapacitation of hematopoietic and lymphatic systems (leukemia, lymphoid, lymphogranulomatosis); Malicious chicks, be it localization; Autoimmune ailments (high periarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, chervony vovchak, scleroderma); Acceptance of drugs (sulfanilamid, penicillin, refinery, eufilin, diphenhydramine). Eosinophils of decrease - the reasons: The first stage of ignition processes and sickness, surgical treatment(Appendicitis, pancreatitis, gallstone disease, peritonitis); Pain shock; Infected blood (sepsis); Dysfunction of the thyroid gland and measles of the supra-nirkovy galls; Otruunnya salts of important metals; Thermal stage of leukemia; Severe stress. Monocyti (MON) Norm of monocytes: Women and men - 3-11% Children - 2-12% Monocytes are the most immunocytes in human organisms (up to 20 microns), the stench is carried to a group of agranulocytes, it may have an oval shape and bean-shaped non-segmented nucleus. The stench comes from among their colleagues in the group, lymphocytes, which are smaller in size and will be rounded off by the core. Monocytes exhibit the most phagocytic activity. From the cystic brain the stench goes unripe, so there is the possibility of stretching and chasing after the size of alien cells. For two or three days, monocytes circulate in the blood, and then either through apoptosis, or settle in organs and tissues, and become macrophages. The stench collapses duzhe shvidko, zavdyaki virostam-pseudopodia. In the fire, macrophages hide themselves next to neutrophils, or even come here with small notes, so that in their department they enter the "general tidying up" at the meeting of the accident. Macrophages feed on microbes, dead brothers-leukocytes and surpluses of vigorous microorganisms to the body. Stan, if people have a lot of monocytes in the bloodstream, they call themselves monocytosis And if їх are less than the norms, to talk about abo, in-іnshomu, about monopenіі. Monocytes p_dvischen_ - causes: Infectious disease of bacterial, viral or fungal etiology (tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, nonspecific inflamed colitis, brucellosis, syphilis, development of candidiasis); Period oduzhannya pislya be-like a hostile ignition process; Colagenosi (ailments from the resulting tissue, for example, rheumatoid arthritis or periarthritis); Ingestion of lymphatic system (lymphogranulomatosis); Otruunnya organizmu, for example, phosphorus or tetrachlorethane. Reduced monocytes - causes: Gn_yno-firing control of soft tissues and internal organs (narivi, abscesses, phlegmon); The period immediately after surgical engagement; Hairy leukemia; Aplastic anemia; Taking steroid hormones (prednisolone, dexamethasone). Lymphocytes (LYM) Lymphocyte rate: Women and men - 20-40% Children - 25-50% Lymphocytes, wanting to borrow another place for the number of among the many bloodied children, but at the same time vvazhayuyu key figure in the unprotected immune attacker of the human body. Lymphocytes are reduced to a group of agranulocytes, there may be one rounded nucleus and altogether small size. Dose cells in the cystic marrow, and the children of them pass more slowly in the thymus (thymus). Lymphocytes are suspected of humoral (anti-lymphocytes) and cell (phagocytosis) immunity, as well as regulate the activity of their leukocytes, and the body does not become defective. To live lymphocytes in a smart way: the actions of all the month, the ones - the rik, and the third - all the life, not knowing in their information about the device with the infectious agent (memory cells). There are three types of lymphocytes in total: B-cells, T-cells and NK-cells. The first to recognize them in the guise of third-party structures and disease illnesses (antigenes) and viroblyayut specifically indicate the fight against them bile (antigen). Others, T-lymphocytes, are called so by the very fact that they start in the thymus, there they smell the stench of information about all the contamination, they also encroached on the health of a particular organism. Moreover, the T-kelers drive in the witches of the cells, the T-helpers stimulate the B-lymphocytes, the anti-lymphocytes are violated, and the T-suppressors, navpaki, galvanize the whole process, which is necessary. NK-lymphocytes stand apart in the row of lymphocytes, so they can look at the body's lusty cells, their body and behavior. As the client has aged and has lost her functionality, or she has a mutuval and felt like she’s getting sick of her health, like, for example, because of the evil puffs, NK-lymphocytes are guilty of knowing this and knowing. At the same hour, the most pathological, non-primed activity of the ciches "dvirnikov organizmu" lie in the basis of the development of autoimmune pathologies, if the leukocytes cease to recognize theirs from others and repair the vicinities of the tissues. Lymphocytes of admission - causes: Viruses infections (GDVI, influenza, rubella, mumps, vitriol, herpes, mononucleosis, cytomegalia); Pathology of blood and lymphatic system (hospitality and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Lymphosarcoma, Franklin's ailment, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia); Otrunnya organism with salts of important metals and іnshih spits, for example, disulfide in carbon; Acceptance of drugs (Morphin, Fenitoin, Levodopa, valproic acid). Lymphocyte reduction - causes: It is important to prevent infectious and ignition illnesses ( bad name, Organizm does not cope); The period of the postponed exchange or chemotherapy; Thermal stage of oncological pathologies; Pancytopenia (lack of all types of blood cells); Aplastic anemia; lymphogranulomatosis; Nirkova or pechinkova lack; Taking corticosteroids. Thrombocytes are the third and the last behind the shell of the blood elements, which can be found during the analysis of the blood, but for the values ​​for health and life of people, and the stench is far from being on the other side. Thrombocytes, or blood plates, are crichy (2-4 microns) flattened without nucleus cells and an uneven surface. The stench vibrates with the cystic brain and vykonuyut important functions: to mold the first cork in the cells of the blood-bearing vessels, lay on its surface for the reaction of the plasma laryngeal, and then see the tissue growth factors, which regenerate the energy. Platelet count (PLT) Platelet rate: Women and men - 180-320 '10 9 / l Children - 160-400 '10 9 / l The change in the place of thrombocytes in the blood during the decoding of the results high risik do not bleed and great blood loss in times, as lyudin is eliminated serious injury... And the pathological increase in numbers can lead to the formation of blood clots (thrombi), but to overturn the blood-bearing judges, it may be even more important. The discordance of thrombocytes is called the out-of-the-box term "". There are three types: a decrease in the number of cytins (), an abnormal decrease (thrombocytosis) and a deterioration in functional activity (thrombasthenia). Thrombocytes p_dishenii - causes: Blood loss as a result of injuries, in the process of canopy or surgical involvement; Fatal deficiency anemia; Gostry igniting process abo zagostrennya chronic ailments, For example, rheumatism; Vividness of the spleen; Oncologic disease; eritremia; Visnazhennya abo is strong against automatic. Thrombocyte reduction - causes: Hemophilia (incidence of collapse of the throat of blood); Aplastic anemia; Systemic chervona vovchanka; Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura; Sertseva lack of; Paroxysmal nichna hemoglobinuria; Evans syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation; Nirk vein thrombosis; Period of blood transfusion; Prematurity at nemovlyat; Acceptance of lіkіv, scho razrіzhuyut shelter, for example, aspirin. Platelet index (MPV, PDW, PCT) The automatic analyzer calculates three platelet indexes based on information about the spinal change of blood plates, their sizes and lengths. The indicators in the deciphering of the transcript analysis of blood are represented by abbreviations, which are stored in decimal Latin letters. MPV (mean platelet volume) Tsei index characterizes the average volume of one platelet and circulate in femtoliters. It seems that young thrombocytes may suffer great changes, at the same time they are insufficiently effective, and old ones - they feel and step by step consume their functionality. This means that even if people with disabilities have an MPV indicator, the larynx of their blood is damaged, and there are fewer new platelets in the cystic brain. MPV rate: Women and men - 7.0-10.0 fl. Children - 7.4-10.4 fl PDW (platelet distribution width) The whole index of the imaging stages of the thrombocyte appearance is one of one after the whole, for example, anisocytosis, and is seen in the platelets. We looked at a similar indicator when they talked about erythrocytes. In the case of platelets, it is also more important to use the anterior index, MPV, when assessing the PDW value, so only so it is possible to objectively judge about the function of the blood plates. PDW norm: Women and men - 15-17% Children - 10-17% PCT (platelet crit) Tsey index is called a thrombocyte, which is an analogue of hematocrit, it can also be found in hundreds and describes the use of thrombocytes before the blood circulation. If the indicator is significantly lower for the norm, you can also introduce problems with your throat and hemophilia on your time. As thrombocytes are normal, people will block the formation of clots and clogging of blood-bearing vessels. PCT norm: Women and men - 0.1-0.4% Osvita: Moscow Medical Institute IM. І. M. Sechenov, specialty - "Likuvalna on the right" in 1991, in 1993, "Professional ailments", in 1996, "Therapy".

Zagalny blood analysis- the procedure is even more important, as it is practically recognized when there is a change in the health of people. Deciphering the out-of-the-box analysis of blood helps to educate people of the mind, as pathological processes occur in the body of people.

key importance

Precision of blood from the finger, for the sake of vein, serve as a foundation for prompting diagnostic and therapeutic tactics. Likari widely vikoristovuyu tsei instrument, and the same people already sounded, but likuvannya or prophylactic glance can not do without extravagant analyzes of blood and slaughter.

To correct the result, it will not take an hour.

Fact! In non-specific types of navazhliv, dans can literally be rendered as a drop of chilin, while the sick person is looking around at the car.

The laboratory service is available for the following parameters:

1. Chervona shelter.
2. Bila shelter.
3. Throat system.
4. blood.

The rejection of the tributes themselves is important, but not less than the role of the presentation is correct, the assessment of the environment in the complex. Yakisna interpretation of the results is not good without the help of a qualified manager.

Fence rules

To correct the valid data, it is necessary to complete a number of vimogs. The result is infused with high-profile officials: for example, in the early hour, dobi, deyaki indicators will grow from one and the same absolutely great people.

capillary roof

Tsevichny all zagalny analysis of blood from the finger. Allows assessment of fabrics on the periphery of the fabric.

The result of a blood test can be carried out in the diagnosis and monitoring of a particular patient, it is necessary:

1. Brother vazok natchesertse, bazhano vitrimati 12 years of hunger.
2. Take away wages, between 7 and 9 years.
3. Before the visit to the laboratory, the physical procedures are carried out.
4. Vikoristovuvati only a disposable syringe and a sterile test tube (capillary).

Important! Whenever a patient comes to the laboratory for a year or two, there are two shakes in the minibus taxis or in the metro;

venous roof

Zabіr zrazka for out-of-the-box blood analysis due to the need for taking into account some additional nuances:

1. The hour of the overlapping of the jgut is guilty of being the lesser of the yakomog.
2. Brothers will need to be in a position lying or sitting.
3. Negligently stretch the fingers of the hand.
4. Good afternoon.

Yak is a tool more beautiful than vicoristovuvati suchasnі vacutaineri. There is a special test tube with a hollow, which allows you to uniquely contact with blood and dial in a quick way.

Most often, venous shelter is recruited, which will need to be carried out. However, it can be used for long-distance learning.

Fact! The vertical position of the body increases the level of blood levels, cholesterol, and other metabolites in the peripheral blood. Intensive "robot fist" re-grows the blood fractions in the hand, the signs of getting shelter and the decrease in the amount of blood taken are sour.

In case of nedotrimanny tsikh vimog, the shelter can be unauthorized for the preliminaries, if it is better - to give wrong results.

indicators of norms

On the ear of the XXI century, approximately 40 indicators can be edited for assessment. For a larger display, the data is not required.

In routine medical practice, the blood system is evaluated for such indicators (table):

Unimportant to those who are not a problem to know the indicators of norms at once, they are guilty only of fahivets.

Fact! The norm is even averaging indicator. In light of the same people and numbers of blood will be seen in the skin. In the classroom, it is accepted to respect the norm of indicators, which are promoted in 80% of the healthy population.

In more detail about those, how to create an analysis of the blood of the patient, correct the data for the assessment, the distribution of the license.

Assessment of red blood

The table shows that erythrocytes and hemoglobin are the head components of the so-called "red blood". The reason is to cry in the red color of the heme, the key bottle for the transferred painting. The hemoglobin molecule is composed of 4 heme molecules.

Tsey blocks take revenge in erythrocytes. To that smut, for scho we have a chervona blood - weaving fabrics and sour. Ale is not alone.

erythrocytes

Practically everything about the blood-red hearts of chuli. Ale does not know much about the fact that it’s transferred to the middle of the church, immune antibodies... An important role is played in the formation of an adequate acid-pool balance of the inner middle.

Adding the number of klitin ()

If the norms are higher, you can also apply for:

• Chronic hypoxia. For example - life in the developed state of health, heart defect, bronchopulmonary insufficiency.
• Pidhlostuvannya synthesis of special hormones - eritropoietins. Also, in case of pathology of nirok, new liver diseases. My mother is a slimy character.
• adjustments steroids Above, on aphids of supra-nirkoval zalosis, or in case of elimination of any pathology with hormones.

Important! Є also a witness, like a witness at (dehydration): figures are needed to estimate spirally with hematocrit.

Decrease in number of clitin (eritropenia)

Reducing the number below the norms to talk about:

• (Nedokrіv'ya). It may be due to various reasons, which additionally help to establish the indicators of red blood.
• Gostra blood loss.
• Pizni terms of vaginosti.
• Chronically hot.
• Over-contamination with water (hyperhydration).

Moreover, the number of blood-related figures in women is seen as such among the choloviks, so the stench can change in the fallowness during the period of the marriage.

reticulocyti

Young cells, as they ripen, become more erythrocytes. Yaksho їkh more norms (reticulocytosis), tse vkazu on blood loss, gostre kisneve hunger.

Fact! Variant norms - reticulocytosis for aphids of effective treatment of hypertensive anemia.

Reticulopenia (lowering lower than the norms), talk about damage in the robotic cystic brain: treatment with cytostatics, metastasis of malignant fluffs. The same picture will be observed in case of instability in the group B (B 6, B 12).

hemoglobin

Widely vіdomy bіlok. Klyuchove zavdannya - delivery of acid and carbon dioxide introduction in fabrics.

Important! With normal blood analysis, tipi appears in older adultsHbAіHbB... Інші tipi (HbF) Introduce the pathology of the cystic marrow.

Food is normal for dehydration and primary (decay) erythrocytosis. The reasons for the decrease are as follows:

• Anemia of the genesis.
• Gostra blood loss, prikhova bleeding.
• Intoxication is violated on aphids of cancer.
• Hyperhydration of blood.
• Damage to the function of nirok, liver, cystic brain and other blood-forming organs.

Vivchennya ts'ogo indicator allows you to evaluate step by step the steps of weaved fabrics.

Hematocrit, anisocytosis and erythrocytic indices

The process of communication with plasmas and forms of elements is valuable for the development of the stage of hydration to the body. A high indicator to speak about the viscosity of blood, a low indicator - about an excess of blood.

Hematocrit is included in the out-of-the-box blood analysis in older adults and children in case of illnesses, such as in the course of stationary treatment and monitoring of the patient's body.

The indicator of anisocytosis is mathematically insured. If the diameter of the erythrocyte is less than 6.5 micrometers (μm), it is called microcyte, more than 9 μm is called macrocyte. Normally spіvvіdnoshennya clіtin with such characteristics is indicated in the table.

Respect for anemia, pathology of the cystic brain, and some recessive discomforts.

The erythrocyte index can be mathematically developed, playing a key role in the university.

I want to pay respect to the importance of the training until the end of the day.

Important! Just having drunk water bezposeredno before the blood analysis, you can see the results, correct the wrong data.

Assessment of white blood

The indicators are not less important. Even if it is not enough to get sick, it may cause infectious or allergic nature. Todi are seen from the side of white blood. The number of leukocytes itself changes and / or the cell warehouse (leukocyte formula).

leukocyte

It’s normal to talk about calmness in the immunity system. Reversal with norms - leukocytosis - get mad at:

• Be-like infections.
• Intoxication.
• Allergic manifestations.
• Ignition processes of growth genesis.
• Malicious new solutions.
• Leukemia.

Fact! If the body is overwhelmed by a series of hormones, histamine, and on the basis of foxglove, the roof may change, showing the backward analysis of blood in the eyes of leukocytosis.

Decrease of the level (leukopenia) is also not easy to understand:

• Important infections (viruses or bacteria).
• Diya deyakikh lіkarskih drugsіv.
• Pathology of the cystic brain.
• The activity of the spleen is increased.
• A special form of leukemia (aleukemic).
• Anaphylaxis is an important allergic reaction of a non-guarded type.
• Systemic incapacitation with the resultant fabric (collagenosis).

Yak minimum of two pathologies can be superficial with leukocytosis, and leukopenia: infections and leukemia. To that, an analysis of blood was taken, and the deciphering of it was guilty of carrying out only qualified specialties.

Important! In case of important infections, leukocytosis is more likely to occur. Iakshcho vin go into leukopenia, prsevkazu on visnazhennya immunity. It is absolutely necessary to show such a patient.

neutrophils

We can find shelter for that, if it is necessary to have an unused and foreign agent. Vishche norms will be at:

• Bacterial infections.
• Inflamed or necrosis (, indications, rheumatic attack and so far).
• Pukhlini, scho to fall.
• Intoxication (vaginnyh, uremia - adjusting the level of sech acid, acetone at).
• Separated in carbonic acid.

An increase in the number of neutrophils can be caused by the drug. If the patient is chronically ill and chronically ill, it is necessary to discuss it with the doctor before the donation of an analysis of blood. Todi can make a correct assessment of the donations.

Neutropenia is spontaneous in the same minds, but leukopenia with more details:

• Deyaki bacterial infections (typhus, brucellosis).
• Viruses infections (rubella, infectious hepatitis).
• Fungal infections, rickets.

Physiological neutrophilia will occur with physical problems, such as stress and vaginosity.

Important! It is of great importance for the correct result to build up the period of physical and moral calm, when the task has gone.

Important changes

About the severity of pathological processes, those who say that there are neutrophilic neutrophils, young forms: mylocytes, promyelocytes, which are also called destructiveness.

Fact! The same formulation was shown through the forms, on which earlier the result of the off-line clinical analysis of blood was written. Yuni form neutrophils boules vines on the ear of tables. If the stench appeared, then the figures-indicators were put in the left part of the table. Sound and good - Zsuv leukocyte formula left.

eosinophils

Reversal of normal indicators (eosinophilosis) depends on:

You can be promoted during the period of time for important infectious diseases.

Eosinopenia (lower than the norms) will be with the same minds, but also leukopenia.

basophiles

To characterize the health of the body on the basis of allergic manifestations. Adoption of norms (basophilia) is promoted to aphids:

• Blood sickness.
• Chronic ignition processes.
• Hypofunction of the thyroid gland (miksedemi).
• Visokogo rіvnya estrogenіv.

Decrease (basopenia) will be at gostrich інфекція, Mills with low estrogens and thyroid hormones.

Brutal respect! The availability of basophils from hormone levels can be used for a preliminary assessment of the health of the therapy. If you show an analysis of ovulation, it’s impossible. Alle the decrease in the level of estrogen is possible.

monocyti

Naybilsh "unnecessary clients". Stinks are suspected of phagocytosis, in the complex with lymphocytes they take part in immune diseases. Monocytosis is followed by aphids on aphids, be it infections, injuries, surgical involvement.

Monocytopenia is provoked by the same as leukopenia.

lymphocytes

New houses of white blood. May be regulatory functions (T-lymphocytes) and indicate for the synthesis of antibodies (B-lymphocytes). However, such a decision should not be included in the deciphering of the out-of-the-box blood analysis: the procedure and the technique are even more flexible.

Vishche norms pіdnіmayut:

• Be-like infections.
• Hyperfunction of the thyroid gland.
• Toxoplasma.
• Deyakіlіki: analgesics, haloperidol ,.

Decrease of rivnya - lymphopenia - if there are quiet factors, but leukopenia for a deyakim blame: immunodeficiency.

thrombocytes

To stand firmly at the blood formula. The process of adding cell nuclei, which triggers a cascade of gas reactions. Thrombocytosis is often associated with the following:

• The activity of the cystic marrow (myeloproliferation) is increased.
• Malicious illnesses.
• Chronic ignition processes.
• Bleeding.
• Pislyaoperating period.
• Vividness of the spleen.
• Likuvannya corticosteroids.

Feminine organism can be seen here: at millennials, the platelet level can reach 25-50% of the dietary amount.

Thrombocytopenia without predominance is an indication of the weakness of the laryngeal system. Provocative officials - masa: from anomalies of the cystic marrow before drinking alcohol.

The whole indicator is required to assess only the fahivtsev, in the preference to the patient's production line.

The speed of the deposition of erythrocytes

In the presence of a large number of people, SHOE militarily associates with the activity of ignition processes in the body. As a matter of fact, it’s not like that.

SHOE, without which one can not do without the deciphering of the blood analysis, in the case of an imbalance of blood plasma levels (disproteinemia). I am quick to say for:

• Infection.
• Viability.
• Injury.
• Intoxication.

The SHOE can be trusted with:

• Erythrocytosis.
• Chronic lack of blood circulation.

The first indicator of wine picking in the end of the blank. Ale of the most important importance of reappraisal is smooth. Price is the easiest way to assess the progress of illness or the effectiveness of therapy.

Happy laboratory service

Schob growth of blood analysis Nayvazhlivіshі indicators - leukocytes, hemoglobin і SHOE - to carry out in non-slip drops for a block of quiline.

The current medical practice is to step by step include automated systems - analyzers. The human factor is involved in this process, such as to lead to a pardon in the conduct of the day.

The development of telemedicine has slowed down the phenomenon, yak online decryption analysis. Likar can display the results of the analyzer in a digital view, overriding the great view of the patient himself.

It is not possible to recklessly do this scheme. Yak minimum, at the same time with the data of the analyzes, the car is guilty of the history of the patient's life, the anamnesis of illness. Only so it is possible for us to keep in mind the correctness of the interpretation of the data, the correct diagnosis and the adequate treatment of the patient.

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I am a general practitioner, a wide-profile practitioner. In my competence is the nutrition of early diagnosis of patients and likuvannya bagatiokh zhvoryuvan shlunkovo-intestinal tract, Lungs and dichny nobles, pechinki, nirok, heart-vascular sectional systems, shkirnykh zhvoryuvan, Porushen obmіnu speeches and ін. 15 years of advice to the robotics as a physician in the clinics of Moscow, 5 of them in one clinic of St. Petersburg.

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Kozhen from us would like to have a life at the most recent age at the time of becoming ill, having given the UAC - an out-of-the-box analysis of blood.

Dane doslіdzhennya itself:

• affordable, it can be carried out in a state-of-the-art and private healthcare facility, at a price that is acceptable for any gaman,
• Visiting a nicer term is worth it, but it’s worth seeing CITO! - terminovo - with a broach of 1.5 - 2 years,
• informative.

You can visit the viglyad:

• Traces: Hb - hemoglobin, Le - leukocytes, SHOE - fluidity of the deposition of erythrocytes.
• Rozgornuty analysis with a leukocyte formula.

Rozgornutii zagalny analysis of blood includes:

1. Hemogolobin.
2. Erythrocytes.
3. Color indicator.
4. Reticulocyti.
5. Thrombocytes.
6. Leukocytes: palichkoydern, segmented, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes.

Mirobimo zagalny analysis of blood, so є obov'yazkoy in case of being ill, for the rejection of the picture I will become an organism. Vin to enter into the observational turn of obsozhennya with prophylactic inspecting or brutalization in a medical facility with a drive, be it non-punitive. At the new entrance, first for everything, indicators of the value of the form elements.

Go to the Internet, and on the power supply to enter the blood analysis, take away the rich information about the information. Having read this article, you will be mother more clearly about the food.

A little bit of varto say, “She’s got shelter, the first for all the organ that lives behind its physiological laws. Її obsyag become 6-7% of the mass of the growth of people. Vona circulate through the vessels: the arteries are in their own shelter, sourced from the legends to all organs and systems.

Tse arterial shelter, won a red colorah. And through the veins it flows through the roof, filled with carbon dioxide gas and products of exchange, the price is the venous roof of a dark red color. Pass through the oven, it will be cleaned out and removed and toxins. I know to come to the legend, to get sour and not to do it all at once. live rhymes at the point of the sign. And so it is seen constantly, that is, we can sleep.

Shelter is stored in a small part - plasmas and forms of elements.

Plasma breakdowns, minerals, vitamins and products breakdown. Change and obsjagu to produce thickened blood and accelerated blood circulation, which can serve as the cause of ischemic manifestations - infarctions and strokes.

Form elements are also important for storage. Skin, which is a part of this group, has its own specific functions. Їх total meaning can be violated in three words: transport, transport and regulation.

blood indicators

Clinical blood analysis includes up to 5 main parameters:

• Hemoglobin.
• Erythrocytes.
• Thrombocytes.
• Leukocyte.

What happens is that the changes occur in the body - the health is caused by a pathological process.

Submit reports on skin parameters.

hemoglobin

Tse bilkove z'udnan z zalizom. Vicon's transport role. Zalizo come to the body with a zheya, yogo pozhivannya to dob, but not less than 20mgr. It’s more beautiful to start playing in the presence of Vitamin “S” and in great numbers to take revenge in:

• red meat,
• pig and cow liver,
• Greek,
• kurazi,
• gorіkhakh,
• black moles,
• pomegranates,
• apricots.

It’s normal numbers to talk about the blood-forming function of the cystic brain. Reduced visibility when:

1. Massive internal and external bleeding.
2. Chronic internal bleeding with uterine fibroids, two-fingered intestines, Erosive colitis.
3. Damage to the blood-forming function.

erythrocytes

Blood tiltsya biconcave form, red color otrimyut for rakhunok instead of hemoglobin. I'll take care of the transport and live the role. Їх evaluate the form, intensity of storage, number. Among them, it is not guilty that the norm is more than 1% of reticulocytes - young forms.

The increase in the number of erythrocytes to produce a thickened blood - erythrocytosis, which can be promoted during the hot season with anhydrous organisms, implantation of sechoginnyh preparations in a trivial hour, waste plasma. Reducing the number of erythrocytes to talk about anemia.

thrombocytes

Without barriers to check one of the most important functions: stopping bleeding, as well as eating and updating the integrity of the court. For rakhunok special budovi, they have є special growths, the stench fills in the bleeding sieve, on the yaku sits fibrin. It’s a miracle to ring with oneself and, in such a rank, a cork is formed - a thrombus, which closes the defect in the wall of the judgment and bleeds to cringe.

In case of an increase in the normal level of thrombocytes, thrombocytosis is accelerated. It is necessary to bring up to the increased loss of blood, which will cause massive blood loss before the hour of operations. Alle є pathological in normal minds, so it can lead to advanced thrombosis and to a catastrophe.

leukocyte

Bili bloody tiltsya are considered for the possession of the body. Їх was encouraged to talk about:

• ignition process,
• infectious,
• cut off,
• injuries,
• be-like getting caught up in internal organs,
• or leukemia.

and reductions - about problems in the immune status. The clinical analysis of blood should include a description of the leukocyte formula:

1. Finger and segmented cells.

In the norm, there are 19-38% of the amount in between. The stench is for the formulation of the immune response on the cell and humoral level. So, when invading alien agents, the stench wicks up the viroblast of special hormones, which stimulate the increase of the number of T-lymphocytes in their own hands. The very stench of smelling the "enemy" and "dying" of him. The primary butt to this is the approval of boils or abscesses on the site of infection, for example, staphylococcus or streptococcus.

The norm is not guilty of overwhelming 1%. Smells instantly react to vprovadzhennya sprays, toxins and during ignition processes. Їх rіven also grows in case of ailments of blood, for example, myloleukemia or hemolytic anemia.

Їх normal blood flow is between 3-11%. Smell zdіysnyuyut clever face-control of all foreign speech and give a command to іх development of eosinophils and lymphocytes.

In the case of the description of the leukocyte formula, write "destruction to the left or to the right". Damage is left to talk about the growth of immature young forms of leukocytes in the blood. Such a picture can be spared during sepsis, generalized infectious processes, if kidney organisms were all trying to fight the pathological process. It is possible for the leukocytes to go viral and so the immature elements come into the roof. And the axis of ruin to the right is characteristic of stool and nirok.

The color indicator is the amount of blood to the erythrocytes. Winner at choloviks, women and children.

Reticulocytes are young erythrocytes. The Їx indicator in the norm is in the range of 0.2-1.2%.

SHOE

The swiftness of the formation of erythrocytes to speak about those with the like swiftness of the stench stick together one by one. In the norm, the indicators for females are 2-15mm / year, for choloviks - 1-10mm / year. Їх advices are considered during great physical changes, oncological and ignition processes.

Yogo high indicators with low values ​​of leukocytes talk about a decrease in immunity.

From what has been said it is clear that the roof is a whole and important organ of the human body. Skin and dribble carry in your life!

Zagalny blood analysis(Іnsha yogo name - clinical blood analysis) - tse fundamental doslіdzhennya, as it is recognized as a doctor of special specialties in case of a brutal patient. You have є skargi on bastard self-respect That is a lykar, shvidshe for everything, to give you a gallantanalysis of blood (quick UAC). Analysis Results Allow Youmu to Rectify backyard about the camp of your health and visibility, in any way it is necessary to collapse, for example, as it is necessary for the diagnosis to be made.

For whom is the blood analysis required? Why is the analysis so important?

Shelter is a very special fabric, like a transport for children, between small fabrics, organs and systems, which are safe for the whole body and endurance of the internal medium. In such a rank, the greater number of processes, how can the camp of young fabrics and organs be found, as well as the number of processes that are seen on the camp of blood.

Shelter is stored with plasmas (a small part of blood) and forms of elements - leukocytes, thrombocytes, erythrocytes. Skin type of form elements has its own function: leukocytes are seen for immunity, thrombocytes - for sore throat, erythrocytes for transport of acid and carbon dioxide.

The healthy people have a lot of blood, and when they get sick, they change. That for the help of the analysis of the blood can be established, so that the disease is lost. Inodial analysis of blood allows you to get sick on early stage If the main symptoms of the disease have not yet appeared. The very same UAC is carried out with any kind of preventive maintenance. With the onset of symptoms, clinical analysis of additional help to develop in the nature of an illness, and the intensity of the progression to the ignition process. Clinical analysis is used for diagnostics of young flare-ups, allergic conditions, and blood problems. A repeated zagalny analysis of blood will give the doctor the ability to judge the effectiveness of the indicated treatment, assess the tendency to study and, if necessary, speed up the course of treatment.

Indicators of clinical blood analysis

The out-of-the-box analysis of blood is bound to take revenge on the following indicators:

If necessary, the drug may indicate an extension of the clinical blood analysis. In a number of cases, it is especially important to include indicators of demand in the analysis.

Deciphering of indicators in the blood analysis

hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a block, a storage part of the erythrocyte. Hemoglobin clings to molecules of acid and carbon dioxide, which allows the delivery of acid from the lungs to the tissue throughout the entire body, and the carbon dioxide gas - back to the leg. Have your own warehouse hemoglobin to take revenge on zalizo. It is the wine itself that has been given a red number of erythrocytes (red blood corpuscles), and even blood.

The abundance of blood with hemoglobin is an extremely important indicator. Yaksho vin padaє, the tissues of the body gain less sourness, and sessen is necessary for the life of the skin cells.

The norm of hemoglobin for choloviks is 130-160 g / l, for females - 120-140 g / l. In children, the number of erythrocytes (and apparently, the level of hemoglobin) means the “matured” norm. The first 2-3 is an indicator of a step-by-step decrease, which requires a mother on respect when evaluating the results of the analysis of blood.

With the values ​​of the hemoglobin indicator, the lower one for the norm is diagnosed. Also, a low level of hemoglobin can be said about hyperhydration of the body (caused by the growth of a child). Hemoglobin is normal, apparently, it can be spared in case of fever (thickened blood). The disease can be physiological (for example, in the case of advanced physical problems), and it can also be pathological. Alignment of hemoglobin є a typical sign of erythrocyte - destruction of blood, when produced, a number of erythrocytes is produced.

erythrocytes

Erythrocytes are the heart of the blood. It is more significant, but not all the other forms of elements at once recognized. Our very shelter is a red colorado. Erythrocytes take part in the process of acid exchange in the body.

The norm for erythrocytes for choloviks is 4-5 * 10 12 per liter of blood, for women - 3.9-4.7 * 10 12 per liter.

Color indicator

The color indicator is based on the formula, to determine the level of hemoglobin and the number of erythrocytes. In the norm, the colonic indicator is guilty of being close to one (0.85-1.05). Respect for anemia, and for different types anemia manifests itself in a different way: the colonic indicator is lower than the norm, depending on the level of hemoglobin decrease in the greater world, the lower the number of erythrocytes); The number of erythrocytes decreases in a large degree, less hemoglobin).

reticulocyti

Reticulocytes are young, not yet ripe for the formation of erythrocytes. The process of establishing erythrocytes is uninterrupted, so reticulocytes are always present in the blood warehouse. Norm: 2-10 reticulocytes per 1000 erythrocytes (2-10 ppm (‰), or 0.2-1%). As reticulocytes are higher than the norms, we should not talk about those that organism will need to increase the number of erythrocytes (for example, because of the reason for their rapid ruin or blood loss). Decreases in the level of reticulocytes characteristic of anemia, progression of ailments, oncology (where metastases have poked the cystic brain), and some of them are ill.

thrombocytes

The main function of thrombocytes is to prevent hemostasis, so that, more simply, it seems, thrombocytes are caused by the larynx of blood. Take part in the stench and in the immune response to the body on the penetration of infections. Norm: 180-320 * 10 9 per liter. A decrease in platelet count can lead to an important ignition process or an autoimmune disease. Adjustments of the level characteristic for the stania of significant blood loss (for example, after the postponed operation), as well as being promoted in case of cancerous incapacitation and atrophy (decreased function) of the spleen.

leukocyte

Leukocytes are the blood cells of the blood, as they function as a function, to represent the immunity system. In the norm, the number of leukocytes can be increased in the interval 4-9 * 10 9 per liter.

The increase in the number of leukocytes to talk about the immune response to the body and to promote Infectious diseases(First for everything, victorious bacteria), ignition processes, allergic reactions. A high level of leukocytes can also be a trace of recent bleeding, stress, swollen processes and some other pathologies.

Decreases in leukocyte levels indicate about the fit of the immune system. Such results can be tested when viral infections(,), Important toxicosis, sepsis, seizures of the hematopoietic organs, autoimmune diseases etc.

The value is not only a general estimate of the number of leukocytes. See five types of leukocytes - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes; All the stench may be of different functions, and it is important for the nobility, in which the stench is presented in the blood warehouse. Spіvvіdnoshennya of young types of leukocytes in the zagalny їх society name leukocyte formula.

neutrophils

The increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood, in such a rank, to talk about the manifestation of infection (the first for everything, bacterial infection), Which will ignite the process. It can also be the result of stress, intoxication, and cancer.

eosinophils

basophiles

Norm: 0-1% of the zagalny number of leukocytes.

lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are the main cells of the immune system. Smell of a specific immunity, so that an alien agent penetrates and knows it. For the help of lymphocytes, the organism fights against viruses. Normal lymphocytes have 19-37% of the number of leukocytes. Children have a larger proportion of lymphocytes. From 1 month to two years, lymphocytes are the main type of leukocytes, the stink itself is mostly spared by the masu. Up to 4-5 years, the number of leukocytes grows in proportion to the number of neutrophils. In the world of an older child, the decrease is trivial, even at the age of 15 years, the children have lymphocytes more, lower at the older ones.

Allowances in the place of lymphocytes in the blood in order to penetrate viral infections; It is also indicated for toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, syphilis.

Reduced number of lymphocytes є familiar to the immune system.

monocyti

Monocytes are found in the blood in the middle of about 30 years, for which the stench will overwhelm the bloodstream and pass into the tissue, de-transform into macrophages. Appointment of macrophages - residual bacteria and bend tissue to the body, cleansing the place fired for further regeneration (renewal of healthy tissue). The norm for monocytes is 3-11% of the amount of leukocytes.

An increase in the number of monocytes is characteristic of those who are susceptible and trivial, and they are more susceptible to tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, syphilis. є specific knowledge.

SHOE - the speed of the collection of erythrocytes

As soon as a test tube with blood is poured into a vertical position, erythrocytes - as a larger fraction of blood in a case of plasma - is to settle down to the bottom. In the end bag, instead of the test tube, it is divided into two parts: a thick and dark part at the bottom (every time there will be erythrocytes) and light parts in the mountains (blood plasma). The rate of deposition of erythrocytes is measured in mm / year. Norm: 2-10 mm / year for men and 2-15 mm / year for women. The range of normal values ​​will be less in children, traveling and young people (in children, the range of normal values ​​varies greatly).

A quick transition on the road

The blood is a part of the great system, as it is even more clearly depicting the reaction of the body to the development of pathological processes. Zagalny abo klinichny analysis of blood is a basic analysis, which is vikonutsya at any diagnostic joke.

We will call ourselves the name of something that may be a snake, but I don’t know a particular disability, a combination of damage, some indicators of analyzed parameters give a drug a great part information.

Vaughn allows you to confirm or to facilitate the earlier diagnosis, the establishment when experienced and looked around. In order to make the process more intelligent, a one-time analysis is not sufficient and it is necessary to support the change of indicators in the dynamics.

Decryption of the extravagant blood analysis in older adults

The norms for the analysis of blood in adults (with urahuvannyam vіku) are guided lower in i (leukocyte formula). Also stated the reasons for the results of the analysis.

Infectious indicators are visible, which can be seen in the case of an out-of-body analysis of blood.

hemoglobin

Bilok, how to take revenge in erythrocytes. Yogo's main function is to secure gas exchange. When the blood is passed through the legends, hemoglobin is supplied to the acid and carbon dioxide gas. In the tissues of the organs, there is a zorotny exchange: the transfer of the cloth to the tissues in exchange for molecules in carbon dioxide, which are then seen through the normal paths.

Oxyhemoglobin is in the arterial blood. Wine and color In the erythrocytes of the venous blood, fast hemoglobin is avenged, which has given up the muslin, so that the venous blood of the dark cherry one can be damaged.

• The minimum amount of hemoglobin, the total amount of hemoglobin is 10 g / l.

hematocrit

I will show you what kind of obsyag you can take in your blood cells in your blood. To accumulate a number of platelets of the іth size. Turn around at the sides of the zagalny obsyag, taken for 100%.

Serve as an alert for anemia, increase the number of blood cells, and also serve as an indicator for thickening or diluting blood.

number of erythrocytes

Erythrocytes are the most common blood cells, which replace hemoglobin. This indicator is one of the most important in the clinical analysis of blood.

color indicator

Showing the steps of the erythrocytes with hemoglobin. A normal body has a stable indicator. The increase in the indicator is tied to the increase in the size of the erythrocytes.

• A decrease in the value of the colore indicator is associated with a decrease in the amount of erythrocyte, as well as with a decrease in the amount of an external quantity.

number of platelets

Thrombocytes are not cells of cells, but lamellar fragments of great cells of the cystic marrow - megakaryocytes. The main function is blood circulation. The number of platelets can be infused with seasonal and additional rhythms.

Average platelet count (MPV)

In the world of dosage, the size of the platelet plate changes, so that the activity of the blood element changes, the granules change with active speech, and the strength is reduced to adhesion (stickiness).

• In such a rank, young platelets may have a greater size, less old elements and, apparently, more active.

number of leukocytes

Leukocytes are established in the cystic marrow and lymphatic universities and part of the immune system. Їх main function is to take organism. The managers of their own developmental capacity, leukocytes are important components of immune reactions.

The number of leukocytes in the range of norms can be used for physically assigned, Pislya їzhі, under stress, and also at the end of the day, under the incessant cold, sleepy.

When a clinical analysis of blood is determined, both the backward number of leukocytes and the percentage of the percentage of skin appearance to the backward number of these elements in the blood - the leukocyte formula.

leukocyte formula- percentage storage of leukocytes in the skin type:

• Neutrophils are subdivided into fireballs and segmented nuclei. The function of neutrophils is to destroy the organisms from infectious agents by trapping and over-etching foreign particles, to phagocytosis. The increase in the level of neutrophils is often more similar to the increase in the number of leukocytes.
• Eosinophils are susceptible to the reduction of the frequency of allergic reactions in the tissues of the organism by the way of reducing the excess amount of histamine. other important function eosinophilia є the vision of speechworms, so that the larvae of the worms are taken off. There may be phagocytosis.
• Basophilia to replace granules with histamine, which can be seen in allergic reactions of a non-secret type. Also, basophils regulate the amount of heparin and the penetration of the walls of the vessels, take part in the reaction of an optimistic type, as well as in the ignition processes.
• Monocytes form a group of cells with the function of phagocytosis. Monocytic macrophages see the cells, antigen-antibodies complexes, proteins, take part in the exchange of hair and fat, immune responses.
• Lymphocytes are the head cells of the immune system, as there are two types of cells that can be found: for the addition of special cells, antibodies, which are linked to foreign antigens, and also T-cells without anterior cells

COE in the blood analysis

The price of education, from how to be found, is located in the blood sample, into two parts: cells and plasma. At the same time, the gluing of erythrocytes and their deposition in the form of characteristic "coin storages" is seen.

SHOE lie in the form of the severity and the size of the erythrocytes, as well as the viscosity of the blood and the blood density of the plasmas. All the white molecules will weaken the charge on the surface of the erythrocytes, which allows them to see one thing and not get stuck.

Pidvischennya SHOE є a reliable acquaintance of the ignition process, especially in the complex with the changes in the blood warehouse, which will lead to the ignition. Keeping an eye on the indicator in the dynamism in order to reduce the infection process: SHOE visoka, And when oduzhannі step by step decrease.

• In case of autoimmune discomforts, the value of SHOE is set for the period of aggravated abnormalities.

Peculiarities of the guests

In case of vaginosity, especially in the other half, there is a decrease in the amount of circulating blood, it can be reduced to a significant decrease in the number of erythrocytes, a decrease in hematocrit, a decrease in thrombocytes.

It helps to increase the number of leukocytes and to increase the number of leukocytes and to increase the number of leukocytes and to increase the number of leukocytes, especially if it is possible to turn right in front of the canopy.

Norm and interpretation (table) of the blood analysis

Table 1.

thrombocythemia;

eritremia

Chr. myloleukemia;

Megacariocytic leukemia;

Rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis;

Liver cirrhosis;

tuberculosis;

Gostra bleeding, hemolysis;

Colitis ulcers;

amiloidosis;

Lymphoid, limogranulomatosis;

Operations with a length of 2 types;

Going to see the spleen 2 months;

With the use of corticosteroid hormones;

Sepsis.

Table 2

Shown before the sign of the extravagant blood analysis

• The first analysis: whether it is a faint, infectious character, bleeding, injuries, treatment before the operation, canopies, if it is passed through a medical commission.
• Repeated analysis: dynamics of illness, confirmation of recovery.
• I will provide a role for the blood analysis in case of damaged robotic organs of the blood: bone marrow tissue, spleen, liver.

Yak zd_ysnyutsya zagalny analysis of blood?

Zalnoklіnіchny analiz is not necessary to create it for you - taking blood can come in any hour. Ale the most frequent shelter for analysis is to take vrants. Naturally, the heart needs to come to the laboratory, as one hour with a cym analysis to take shelter for the biochemistry.

In the procedural room, blood is taken from the finger (partly), or from the vein. The blood is placed in a test tube with a preservative, which will be stored in the mouth, and sent to the laboratory.

The current laboratory is equipped with automatic analyzers, as at once there can be a large number of images, so there are a variety of visuals right after the display.