Alarmingly phobic. Tricky-phobic roses

Periodically, there is a feeling of trepidation and fear, but supravodzhu be-yake, to finish a meaningful life in life is the norm. The main function, like a vicon, is a triviality, like a psychophysiological reaction, an additional help in the maximum mobilization of forces in the same way, like the situation, in which a person became unconventional or threatening. The need to accept an adequate solution, a waste of an hour or resources for the assessment of an exemplary enterprise, stress are all the reasons for the failure of anxiety in the norms. Pathological conditions develop only, since it is obvious that there is a greater fear of wickedness, there is less action, and it is necessary to provide the necessary professional assistance.

Not knowing people, not knowing fear. Constructive fear, like the reaction of people to the threat of action, the vicon will have a function in a specific situation. Yak butt can be brought to good knowledge of all the rapid development of the light in the middle of the zhitlovo booth. Opinivshis in the povn_y temryava, I sense wondrous sounds, but little can be heard not from our sides, which leads to the arrival of the host, feeling fear. Ale, varto come to the dovgoochіkuvanogo lift, or to go to the descent platform, yak she covered her head, zhakhlivy soul of a hmara, znikaє. All. Light it up, you can take it easy і it is far away. This is how Lyudin reacts, she is not suffering from anxiety-phobic problems.

The picture is directly opposed - we see trivialities, how we will speed up the heartbeats, the damaged behavior and the caused sweats, that we are confronted with one deprivation of thought about the hypothetical threat. Bagatorazovy scrolling through the experienced unpleasant situation, continually reappraisal of skin details, fantasy creation, and normal, does not disrupt the process of human life, triviality, transform into pathological. A sickly, emotionally unstable camp supervises itself with biochemical changes, step by step hunters the whole body. As a result, the quality of the life of the people will be seriously destroyed.

People who are hungry for anxiety-phobic problems, it is wonderful to understand and understand the power of fear, but to promote unique contacts in those who have experienced anxiety in seeing the surroundings, or help them with fantasies, as we can Yakikh-nebudu special features for a given pathological camp is not ісnu. Neridko wines childish I want to get sick at the time of youth.

tipi phobia

Among the obtrusive phobias represent the largest numerical group. The number of forms is three hundred. Cleverly, the whole army of obsessive fears podlyayut on a number of species. The most widespread from them:

• Sociophobia, among the most common people, often develop such troubles, such as scopophobia - the fear of repressing the hostility of the smallest people, and also heretophobia - the fear of handicapping in everyone's eyes.
• Nosophobia, which represent obtrusive fears, as if I am sick.
• Metaphobia, more like agoraphobia (fear of open spaces), claustrophobia (fear of closed spaces).
• Specific phobias: anticophobia - fear of antique shops and old-fashioned items; verbophobia - fear of the word and word; arkusophobia - fear of going through a bridge or an arch; amarufhobia - fear of gruesome relish.
• Panichni rozladi.

Anxiety-phobic problems are often supervised by strong, ruffled restlessness, restlessness, panic attacks, violent overgrowth in chronic form, Yakshcho has not been carried out for a second time.

The main symptoms of phobic disorders

I will look at, for the cutaneous type of phobias, characteristic svіy, individual set of symptoms, the manifestation of an anxiety disorder is visible in that type, as if they are present not less than chotiroh items from the list folded by fahіvtsy. Symptoms that appear before the hour of a threatening situation, you can step on:

• seeing strong anxiety;
• the value of the HR adjustment;
• change one sight of specs or cold;
• discomfort in the area of ​​the intestinal tract;
• active viewing;
• breath;
• zamorochennya, for example impartiality, confusion of property;
• strong weakness, deterioration of the coordination of rukhiv.

The guidance list includes the most widespread symptoms of anxiety-phobic problems in particular. Due to the number of people, the diagnosis of phobias is significantly accelerated.

Diagnostics and diagnostics

Pochatkov, show triple-phobic problems, and then follow an algorithm similar to the viroblast algorithm. mental reflex... At the first stage, pathological anxiety and fear only come to light when a threatening situation is evident. Then the period is insisting, if you help yourself to the vicious reaction, and, nareshty, the anxious camp becomes obtrusive, so I will practically memorize the skin sickness of life.

The diagnosis of the pathological stance of the ball was carried out as quickly as possible; The necessary complex analysis of the visualization of the properties, on the basis of which a residual diagnosis begins. The right to harden diagnosis is strictly vested in psychiatra or psychotherapist. In any case, it is impossible to magatize to carry out self-diagnostics and, more importantly, to recognize such a diagnosis.

Methods for dealing with troublesome-phobic problems in specialties

There is a classic scheme, according to which treatment is carried out, including drug therapy in the course of psychotherapeutic sessions. Moreover, it is in the psychotherapeutic session that one has to rely on the best results for achieving an effective result. Zastosovovani within drug therapy tranquilizers and antidepressants, which represent a group drugs, Wiklikyut sound and serious side effects, It is meant not more, not for a two-day course. big non-baked preparations do not shy away from the smudge-something in the pouring. For that, for that. as bully vivcheni symptoms of illness and carried out a comprehensive diagnosis, the main type of treatment is psychotherapy.

The line between normal and obtrusive camps can be transformed into a breakthrough, as long as there is no OCD diagnosis (Latin Obsessive - obsession with ideology, log, and compulsive - primus).

Sho also obsessive-compulsive disorder

Bazhannya all the hour is going to twist, feeling anxiety, fear may fail the steps of the twist. It is possible to talk about the manifestation of discord, as obsessions (in Latin Obsessio - "manifestation of negative definitions") is a singing periodicity, provoking the recognition of stereotypical children, called compulsions. What is OCD in psychiatry? Naukovi viznachennya is raised to a treatment, which is a neurosis, a syndrome of obsessive stances, vicious neurotic or psychotic disorders.

Opposite-zuhvala disagreement, for any characteristic fear, obsession, depressive mood, trivial trivial period of the hour. This is the specifics of obsessive-compulsive nonduzhannya to rob the diagnosis of folding and simple one hour, but at the same time, the singing criterion is inevitable. According to the adopted classification according to Snєzhnivsky, based on the peculiarity of the interruption, the distribution is characterized by:

• a one-time attack from the triviality from the pressure to the decilkoh rocks;
• in the case of a relapse of a compulsive stance, and occasional weariness may occur;
• continuous dynamic development with periodic improvement of symptoms.

contrasting intrusiveness

in the middle of it obtrusive thoughts in case of compulsive ignorance, one is found to be alien to the true owners of the very specialness. Fear of death is also the case that a person is not healthy because of her character, for example, she does not respect God before the hour of religious service, because she thinks that it is possible to nourish her loved ones - it is a sign of contrasting obsession. Fear of zapod_yannya shkodi with obsessive-compulsive destructiveness to produce an obsessive uniqueness of the subject, like a wiklikav such thoughts.

obsessive

At the th stage, obsessive discord can be characterized as a need for good deyaki, as it is for bringing lodging. Often, blind and irrational compulsions (obtrusive ones) take the same form, as well as a wider variety of accelerated diagnostics. Winning to change negative thoughts, impulsive vchinki.

Among the most popular signs of obsessive-compulsive non-mutilation are as follows:

• Often mittya hands, taking in the soul, it is not easy for the victors of antibacterial zasobіv - tse wiklicaє fear of compulsion;
• Behavior, if the fear of being infected is a snake of a unique contact with doorknobs, unitases, shells, and a pittance from potential retailers;
• bagatorazov (compulsive) conversion of vimics, sockets, door locks, if ailments cross the line between dummies and the need for action.

Obsessive-phobic damage

Fear, hey, no primer, I will provoke obtrusive thoughts that go to the point of absurdity. A trifling camp, with any obsessive-phobic dislocation, the reach of such disruptions can be tolerated, and the rational therapy is used by Jeffrey Schwartz's method of choosing a traumatic condition (emergency). Sered phobias with obsessive-compulsive destructiveness by nayvidomishoyu є claustrophobia (fear of a closed space).

obsessive rituals

If there are negative thoughts, or, perhaps, a less compulsive patient is far from diagnosing - a bipolar affective disorder, it is possible to use a method to neutralize the obsessive syndrome. Psychic is the form of obtrusive rituals, which rotate in glezless formations or the need to repeat compulsive activities, similar to sabobon. Such rituals of the people themselves can be respected by the illogical, albeit an unsettling discord of the snake, repeat the whole match.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder - symptoms

Obsessive thoughts or vchinki, which are lost because of the wrong or painful, it is good to bring the Skoda to physical health. Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder can be lonely, mothers have different degrees of turn, or even if Ignoruvati syndrome - you will become stunned. Obsessive-compulsive neurosis can be supravodzhuvati apathy, depression, it is necessary for the nobility to be familiar with the following types of diagnostics of OCD (OCD):

• accusation of unprimed fear of being infected, fear of obstruction or inappropriateness;
• bagatorazovy repetitive obsessive diy;
• compulsive vchinki (zhisnі dії);
• overwhelmingly pragmatic towards order and symmetry, fixation on purity, pedantry;
• "Stuck" on dumka.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children

It grows older, less among older adults, and when diagnosed, compulsive discord often appears in children, if only a small amount of money is lost - the chain of a child of the 7th century. Negligence before growing up does not infuse into the appearance of abnormal developmental syndrome, with a whole obsessive-compulsive disorder in children does not appear as the main manifestations of neurosis in older children. As soon as the fathers are given the signs of DKR, then it is necessary to turn to the psychotherapist for the choice of the plan for taking medications and behavioral, group therapy.

Obsessive-compulsive discord - causes

All-in-one development of the syndrome, the disease was so ill and not able to give a clear answer to the nutrition about the nature of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Let the self-esteem of people be influenced by the psychologic officials (stress, problems, volatility) or physiological (chemical imbalance in the nerve cells).

If you zupinitisya on the factors of the report, then the causes of OCD are seen as follows:

1. stressful situation or traumatic pod_ya;
2. autoimmune reaction (streptococcal infection);
3. genetics (Tourette's syndrome);
4. damage to the biochemistry (decrease in the activity of glutamate, serotonin).

Obsessive-compulsive disorder - likuvannya

Practically, it is not possible to get involved in any other way, but to relieve obsessive-compulsive neurosis, a trivial therapy is required. Yak Likuvati OCD? Lіkuvannya obsessive-compulsive distribution is carried out in a complex with the last abo parallel methods. Compulsive disorder of specialness in case of important form of OCD vimag drug therapy for biological therapy, and in case of lungs - vicorisation of such techniques. tse:

• Psychotherapy. Take a closer look at the aspects of the compulsive disorder of additional psychoanalytic psychotherapy: behavior correction during stress (the method of exposure and improvement), the introduction of relaxation techniques. Psychoeducational therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder is guilty but it is straightforward to decipher diy, thought, identifying the reasons for which one should mean the same therapy.
• Correction to the way of life. Obligatory re-glance at the rate of harassment, especially when compulsive discouragement is promoted in the reception of the child, relieving from high-pitched calls, socially or professional adaptation.
• Physiotherapy in home minds. Charting in any hour of fate, bathing in sea water, warm baths from the middle triviality and the later wipes.

Medicines for treating OCD

Obov'yazkovy clause at complex therapy, Scho vimagaє respectful walk from the side of the fakhivtsya. Success in drug treatment of OCD dressings with the correct choice of drugs, trivial reception and dosage with aggravated symptoms. Pharmacotherapy is the transmission of the possibility of signs of such a group, and the most widespread butt, which can be a psychotherapist for the treatment of a sick person - tse:

• antidepressants (Paroxetine, Sertralin, Tsitalopram, Estsitalopram, Fluvoxamin, Fluoxetine);
• atypical antipsychotics (Risperidone);
• normoimіki (Normoіm, Litiya carbonate);
• tranquilizatori (Diazepam, Clonazepam).

Video: obsessive-compulsive problems

The information is presented in the statti to bear a knowledgeable character. The materials of the statty do not call to self-indulgence. Only the qualifications of the car can be given a diagnosis and recommendation date based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Symptoms and symptoms of obsessive neurosis

Obsessive neurosis is a mental disorder of specialism, an obsessive neurosis, becoming ill, like being supervised by stress, depression and will definitely ruin the life of the people. The obtrusive camp takes away a lot of time and the old age is heavy, which is not only family life, but social life. In most cases of sickness, people through phobias, soroma, rupture do not kill for help and suffer.

With the help of such a breakdown, you can become a pragmatic hand wrinkle.

describe the ailment

The name resembles the Latin word "obsession", which means "log", "hunt", "obsession with ideyu". Ludin can often get turbuvati notices, thoughts, poboyuvannya, images. Psychoanalysis has two options:

1. "Rozumova chew" - obsessive thoughts, pondering, promulgation. In such a rank, the children fall into the philosophical world, ask themselves for food: what is life, who is it?
2. Visijuvannya. So rob ptah. Tse one hour a move and anxiety about thinking about a specific problem.

Behind the help of the cycle of psychic phenomena of lyudin, there is a virulent emotional conflict, getting confused about the troubles by stereotypically repeated rituals (compulsions), altogether unique to the result. To that, the process is repeated.

Compulsions "primushuyu", "primus" represent themselves innocently bazhannya robiti bezgluzdі dії. The stench is manifested yak dvigun obsessive thoughts.

Lyudin, who suffers from an obsessive-compulsive neurosis, mind, is not normal, but there can be nothing in the mind.

• suto obsessive disagreement, more physical, lower emotional;
• compulsive discord, but not wicked fears.

Neurosis of obsessive sickness 3 older children from 100 and 2 children from 500.

Psychic pathology manifests itself in a simple way:

• win sporadically;
• progress with rock;
• be chronic.

The first symptoms can be detected not earlier than 10 years, often they do not lead to serious abuse. The pochatkova stage is represented among the viewers of childish phobias, wondrous stanis, and people are guilty of self-assimilation of their morality.

Up to 30 years, such a key picture can be flattened, with such ailments, the fears are perceived adequately. In such neglected cases, hospitalization of people and others is carried out by more methods, not very psychotherapeutic sessions.

Cause the blame for the disease

On the current exact factor in the diagnosis of neurosis unavoidable. Є theory.

• decay vegetatively nervous system;
• particularity of transmission of impulses to the brain;
• destructive exchange of serotonin for the function of neurons;
• craniocerebral trauma;
• accelerated production of infectious diseases;
• the slump is genetic.

It is also possible to indicate psychological and social reasons for the following:

• problems in the homeland;
• Suvore Religiyne Vikhovannya;
• robot stress;
• experiences of fear.

I will become ailing neurosis of a compulsive person - people are even more distrustful, they are characterized by:

• fear of becoming obstructed, infected;
• fear of neskoditi to someone else, for oneself;
• sexually in the door of the thought and image;
• religious ideas;
• fear of engaging rіch;
• order and symmetry;
• overworldly modernity.

Obsessions and compulsions begin as a stranger, a patient who is sick and encouraged.

• obtrusive, repeated thoughts;
• triviality, hvilyuvannya;
• step by step repeated actions.

Rozlad is especially welcomed in the huge places.

Film Aviator, the protagonist of Leonardo Dikaprio suffering from OCD syndrome, neurosis, compulsive disorders.

Who slid zrobiti?

Obsessive-phobic neurosis can be known sporadically in any person, to bring psychologically healthy people. It is even more important to recognize the symptoms at the first stages, and immediately try to find help, or try to help them, by playing the song:

1. Learn more about obsessive neurosis.
2. Ask your loved ones for an assessment.
3. Overcome your fear.
4. Praise yourself.

As well as people, it is important to independently take care of ailments, so that they turn to a psychologist.

Seasonal psychologists conduct psychotherapeutic sessions for help:

1. Cognitive behavioral therapy. Vona polyagaє in a strangled compulsion to re-discover.
2. The "zupinka dumka" technique. The patient will feel the problem, look at the problem from the side, look it out from the hut.

lіkuvannya medications

In folding situations, it goes up to medication.

The main drugs є:

• fluvoxamine or escitalopram;
• antidepressant tricyclic;
• paroxetine.

In the main priznachayut zvychayny antidepressant, for that as a stench є with a symptomatic infusion, for usunennya neurosis, as a result of frequent obsessive stances, or at times of mental disorder.

Who are psychosis and neuroses?

Characteristics of symptoms and treatment of the neurosis of the slunk

How do you see neuroses?

What kind of hypochondriacal neurosis and how do you like it?

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Why is it also an alarmingly depressive discord?

Obsessive-phobic neurosis

To develop on aphids psychasthenic, sensitive and earlier asthenoneurotic accentuation. Most of the time, it’s better to start again before the statutory maturity, in the first grades of the school, then it’s possible to get over it, or else it’s going to pass, but from the time of puberty, it’s staggering or it’s going to relapse.

The main symptomatology is obsessive fighting (phobias) and obsessive thoughts, before the manifestation (obsession).

Often, there is a fear of becoming obstructed (misophobia) with obtrusive mitts of hands and nerves of hydration. It is not often to be obtrusive to be afraid of the fact that "everything will be astonishing on you" - that is the uniqueness of crowded people, I don’t want to see a small child in the class, be afraid of public appearances (so called social phobias). The phobia can be easily seen in the classroom, the need for an overbearing initiative can be turned up to the unknown or little-known people. Dal went to mean the fear of the gostrich objects (oxyphobia), the fear of the harshness in front of people (hereytophobia).

In the midst of hypochondriacs, the fight against children of the dominion of cardiophobia is the cleansing of a young, important heart, and often the obsessive fear of near death (thanatophobia) is tied to him. Early on, children are susceptible to being afraid of getting cancer (cancerophobia) or being infected with syphilis (syphilophobia).

The power of the age group є the obsessive fight raptor death loved ones, the lads especially have the fear of the death of their mother (as an unhappy vipad, as a rapacious ill health).

In the phobia, there can be a re-transformation of the popular battle, the whole intelligence from the psychological point of view in the middle age.

For example, being afraid not to get high marks in school, getting stuck with bullies on the streets, throwing in an important document, appearing in public with trousers not spooked through forgetfulness, etc.

It's a kind of obtrusive old man for the boy, the unhappiness of urinating in a huge toilet for a fight, so that he can marvel at you.

A number of broader phobias in a childish one in an adult child go to the background. Before them, the fear of darkening, the beating of deyak creatures, the fear of falling behind the inception of the door, alone in the primitive and t. P.

In the midst of an obsession.

Naybilsh often appear with obtrusive fences, signs and rituals, and are seen by the child himself.

Food and drink fences

For example, step on the hatchbacks on the street, go to the singing munch, read the singing zmist of a book, get on the bus, which has a singing number in the number, and so on. taboo ", strictly vikonuyutsya, soob" did not become a nichy filthy. "

Vigaduvannya vlasnykh priyme serve for "vidgaduvannya doli". For example, if the number plate is close to the bus, if the guys are lucky, if they are unpaired, then it’s better than not.

The rituals of vikonuyutsya in order to have a forgiving share, to avoid misery and failures. The child has rituals most often on clothes: strictly singing order of dressing up; on the control and in the spirit of nagayayut one and the same not too old and in the same order, "happy" shirts, T-shirts, cowards, etc. for good, etc.

Before the obsession, there are also obsessive thoughts (obsessive rakhunok of gatherings, vikon in booths that in., Obsessive repetition of some and quiet words). However, the obsessive incantation is more likely to be brought up to the rituals. It’s okay to stand uncensored huskies, unacceptable for a child and easy to lick in the head, before that in the most unpredictable moments. It’s more and more to grow up to be obtrusive when you’re yawning - to invoke a sexual wickedness for those close to you, or for great children.

For neurotic obsessions, as a rule, there are phobias:

for the obsessive mitts of the hands - the fear of getting infected, behind the fences, "prikmetami", "seeing the valley" - the obsessive beating of those who have come and do not care.

Two forms of obsessive-phobic neurosis in children.

Regardless of the revaluation and peculiarities of phobias and obsessions, it is possible to see the onset of the form of obsessive-phobic neurosis in the middle age: phobic neurosis and obsessive neurosis.

It’s not a matter of being characterized by the fact that the phobia is lost in a pure viglyad, so it doesn’t become obtrusive.

The stench is often, tightly tied with anxiety, pouring out its own assessment in the eyes of those who feel. In the current American psychiatry for the whole group of phobias, a special name is given - social phobias.

The whole neurosis most often develops on a lingering sensitive character.

About b e f s s i in n i d e in r o s to be seen, so that phobias may be raised by obsessions, moreover, they are, and they are amazed by the troublesome, amidst the young, not the least of them. The whole neurosis often develops on the ground of psychasthenic accentuation character.

Techia. Obsessive-phobic neurosis is characterized by a prolonged interruption, with trivial remissions and reductions from mental trauma. At the friendly minds with the knowledge of social maturity, you want to know the meaning of the teaching. The catamnesis showed that everyone suffered a neurosis as a child, when they became grown-ups, they start to get started abruptly [Shevchenko Yu. S., 1979].

Persh for all the necessary differentiation from obsessive-phobic syndrome in case of an optimistic neurosis-like schizophrenia. On the basis of the remaining neurotic obsession, the skirt is fitted, because of the reason and the lack of blindness, although in both of them you are embarrassed, see yourself calmly, better, more firmly. Pidlitok to sabotage their obsessions - to get angry rituals viconati, so that the beasts do not get sick of them; masks the mercy of the need for specific actions. Nareshty, retaliatory psychogenetic analysis according to V.N.

With endogenous depressions, adolescents may be obtrusive about colonic inferiorities and “ganeful” behavior. Described is the same obsession with epilepsy in children. Remain in their own way closer to the rapists, unpolished pulls, tied up with dysphorias.

The obsessive actions of those who are violent, such as, most often occur with residual organic exercises brain and progressive schizophrenia. For rapist acts (vyschipuvannya hairy, prygnennya stroushuvati drank invisibly with myself, never repeating one and the same word or phrases iin.) This process can be seen as bi-mimic and uncomfortable for the child himself.

Clinical types of neurotic disorders. Anxiety-phobic and obsessive-compulsive problems.

The problem of phobias and intrusiveness has turned the respect of clinicians into the prenosological period of psychiatry. Obsessive fear of death, descriptions in on the cob XVII v. ... Riddles about intrusiveness can be found in Ph. Pinel (1829). І. Balin proponuvav the term "obtrusive manifestation", rooted in the Russian psychiatric literature. In 1871 r C. Westphal in the term "agoraphobia", which signified the fear of perebuvannya in the community. Leave it to the stick XIX-XX cent. (1895-1903) the founders of the prelude to scientists J. Charcot-Z. Freud and P. Janet, who went from the theoretical attitudes, were shattered by the creation of anxiety-phobic dislocations in the self-conscious neglect - the triviality (P. Janet). In Danish hour the term P. Janet “psychosthenia” is to get used to the basic for the cognition of one of the types of constitutional psychopathies. Descho piznish P. Janet (1911) described agoraphobia, claustrophobia, transport phobia by the term "positivism phobia". The author bulo visually revealed about the binar structures of phobias, which includes the order of fear of singing situations, the symptom complex, which depicts the reaction of the sick person to the whole phenomenon.

The concept of P. Janet served as the basis for some of the common taxonomists of obsessive-phobic problems. Zokrema, A.B.Smulevich, E.V. Kolyutsky, S.V. Ivanov (1998) see two types of obsessions. The first type - obsessions with the reaction of unification (a system of entering-rituals, so that you can get in touch with the subject of phobias) are connected with the pods, as you can become a state of mind (the triumphant "forward" - agoraphobia, the object of the possible ... Another type - obsessions with the reaction of repeated control (repeated glance at young people, repeated hands) are represented by sums in reality, as well as those presented in reality (the "backward" triumphant - God of summons, misophobia - confusion in pureness, lack of fear.

According to the ICD-10, psychopathological manifestations of diseases in a three-fold series include the following symptom complexes: pancreatic distemper without agoraphobia, panic distemper with agoraphobia, hypochondriacal phobias (in the ICD-10, it is possible to report the symptoms) compulsive rozlad.

Tricky-phobic roses- one of the most extensive forms of mental pathology.

Wideness. For the data of R. Noyes and spivavt. (1980), alarmingly-phobic razladki are created in 5% of vypadkiv. With a large number of patients, they are more likely to be in zalomedichniy festoons, and the indicator of the width of the reach is 11.9%.

Show clear. In the midst of psychopathological manifestations of anxiety-phobic disturbances in Persha, it is necessary to detect panic attacks, agoraphobia and hypochondriacal phobias, as in the dynamism of the symptom complex itself, there is a need to detect

panic attacks- unsuccessful vinaigation and quickness, holding out a drop of sickness, an overgrowing symptom complex of vegetative disorders (vegetative crisis - heartache, difficulty in the breasts, feeling of breath, unpleasantness in the morning, feverishness, dying at home) yourself, bozhevillya. The triviality of manifest panic attacks is varied in wide fringes, if you don’t want to get overwhelmed, 20-30 min.

agoraphobia In all of the primary wisdom, the term includes not only the fear of open spaces, but a number of similar phobias (claustrophobia, phobia of transport, NATO and IN.), which is stated by P. Janet (1918) as understood by the and transport phobias). Agoraphobia, as a rule, manifests itself in conjunction (or next) with panic attacks, and in essence is the fear of becoming dependent in the situation, as it will block the failure of the panic attack. Yak typical situations, how to provoke the diagnosis of agoraphobia, get a trip to the subway, go to shops, the middle of the great buying of people, etc.

hypochondriacal phobias(Nozophobia) - obsessive fear of being an important ill person. Most often, cardio-, cancer- and insultophobia, as well as syphilo- and CHIDophobia are promoted. At the height of the anxiety (phobic raptus), ailments in some cases, I spend more critically on their way to their point of view - to turn to deaths to a specific profile, in order to avoid the situation.

The central place in a row of tricky-phobic loans panic razlad(Episodic paroxysmal anxiety). Panic disorder is the most frequent form of the debut of an affliction. At the same time, three variants of the dynamics of psychopathological disturbances in a three-fold row, screaming with panic attacks, have been seen.

At the first option of anxiety-phobic problems, it is surprisingly small to develop (6.7% of the number of all ailments), the typical picture is presented only by the attacks of the panika. Panic attacks are manifested in an isolated symptom complex with harmonious perceptions of cognitive and somatic anxiety (hyperthermic panic attacks) with minimal comorbid symptoms and non-supportive stasis psychotic problems... The cliché picture of the attacks of the paniki expands only after the rakhunok of passing hypochondriacal phobias and agoraphobia manifestations, which are of a secondary nature. After the passing of the hostile period and the reduction of panic attacks, there is a rapid development of other psychopathological problems.

Within the framework of another option (33.3% of the number of all ailments from anxiety-phobic problems), troublesome problems include panic attacks and agoraphobia. Panic attacks in cich vipadkah develop as an existential crisis. Їх відмінні rates - the prevalence of anterior psychopathological problems (spontaneous panic attacks, according to M. Kyrios, 1997); overhaul of cognitive anxiety with the appearance of raptus, so that average health develops, as it obstructs the life of this forest catastrophe (with minimal swelling of vegetative disorders); shvidka attributed agoraphobia.

Panic attacks are rapid, without any provinces, characterized by a virtual fear, generalized trivial and quick (even if the first attack is launched) form of phobophobia and unique behavior. In the world of revolting, the development of attacks of the panic in general reduction of psychopathological problems cannot be seen. First plan in cool paintings there are the manifestations of agoraphobia, as it is not only not reduced, ale of a stiff and independent type of panic attacks. The significance of the peculiarities of the dynamics of anxiety-phobic disorders (the strength of the agoraphobia and the indifference of the other manifestations) is clearly related to comorbid mental disorders, the middle of which is dominated by phenomorphic hypochondria.

It is necessary to admit that in cich vypadki mova ide it is not about the connection with overtly obvious ailments (neurotic hypochondria), but not about the distribution of methods of treatment and methods of health improvement (hypochondria, and about health of individuals) Dominating the idea, which is the order of the whole way of life of the patients, then there is a likeness of minds to the recognition of sickly manifestations, i.e., panic attacks. Come in and start trying to prevent panic attacks from the moment you show the fear of a second attack, step by step accelerate, transform into a collapsible іpochondriacal system. There is a complex of guard and close-up visits, which includes a change of robots (right up to the level of health), moving to an "ecologically clean" area. Formed hypochondriacal attitudes (sparing way of life, interconnecting contacts, unique singing forms of activity, including professional) Apparently, agoraphobia is not only not reduced, but rather persistent in nature.

Up to the third option (60% of the number of ailments), there is anxiety-phobic problems with panic attacks, which develop according to the type of vegetative crisis (Da Costa syndrome) and end with hypochondriac phobias. Special features panic attacks: trivial prodromal stage - subclinical manifest trivialities, how to cope with algorithms and conversion symptoms; psychogenic provocation of attacks (in 50% of cases of provocation - "attributive panic attacks", according to M. Kyrios, 1997); revaluation of somatic anxiety with the prevalence of symptomatology from the side of the cardiovascular and dichotomous systems without mental fear ("alexitimicheskaya panika", according to M. Kushner, B. Beitman, 1990); Expansion of the picture for the rakhunok of hypochondriacal phobias with minimal turn of the phobia and agoraphobia.

After passing the flared attacks of the paniki (period), there are more reductions in psychopathological disturbances in a number of ways, as with other variants of the dynamics of troublesome-phobic disturbances, not to be seen. On the first plan, hypochondriacal phobias (cardio-, insulto-, thanatophobia) appear, which start to form a key picture in a span of months and bring rockies. It is necessary to admit that the formulation of such persistent fears is closely related to the growths of panic attacks at the time of the manifestation of panic attacks - aggravated introspection and permanent health With the manifestation of hypochondriac sensitization as a drive for aggravated fears and anxiety, there may be some insignificant changes in the health of the body - vegetative, algic and conversions were not manifested, as in the case of anxiety.

Actualization of hypochondriacal phobias is associated with psychogenic (iatrogenic) and somatogenic (intercurrent discomfort) provocations, as well as spontaneously, as a rule, supernatural frequently diseases and innovations of attraction of likings (hypochondriacal neurosis).

social phobias- fear of falling back into the center of respect, so that you will be guided by the fear of negative assessments of new situations and unique community situations. Data on the widening of social phobias in the population vary from 3-5% [Kaplan G. I., Sedok B. Dzh., 1994] to 13.3%. In the field of psychiatrists and illnesses, one can indulge in a reasonable amount of time. For data from E. Weiller and spivavt. (1996), only 5% of patients with "uncompromising" social phobias are reprimanded by special assistance. In the middle of hunting trips, they cross over individuals with subthreshold social phobias, but they do not infuse purely into the widespread activity. Most often, they suffer from cymbal discord when they are infected to a doctor, to emphasize respect for comorbid (overly affective) psychopathological symptom complexes. Social phobias evoke manifestations in puberty and youthful life. It is not often the case that phobias come up with unwelcoming psychogenic abnormal social inflows. At the same time, in the capacity of provocative ones, they appear to be deprived of special situations (such as the appearance of a child, folding of spirits - school phobias, appearing on the stage), or contact with the singing group of individuals (witnesses, representatives, statisticians) Spilkuvannya in the number of family and with loved ones, as a rule, fear is not a wicked one. Social phobias can be transiently or tended to chronic development. Patients who suffer from social phobias, often, not healthy, live on their own, may be more low level of awareness.

Social phobias are highly comorbid with mental disorders (in 70% of cases, according to R. Tyrer, 1996). A large number of patients are more susceptible to occurring in the same time with manifestations of an alarming-phobic series (simple phobia, agoraphobia, panic disorder), affective pathology, alcoholism, drug addiction, discomfiture food behavior... Comorbidny of any other psychotic situation and social phobia will destroy the prognosis of becoming ill and increase the risk of suicidal problems.

Seeing two groups of stanovas - isolated and generalized social phobia. Monophobia is perceived to the first of them, which is supervised by all the intercourses in the sphere of professional or huge activity (fear of public appearances, spilkuvannya with great persons, involved in robotic operations during According to the essence of the isolated social phobia, the fear of not understanding on people the vicious ones who are tied to the anxious ochikuvannya of misfortune (neurosis of ochikuvannya according to E. Kraepelin, 1915), and as the inheritance is the uniqueness of specific life situations. With a great deal of difficulty, the posture of such key situations is not inevitable. To the whole group of phobias, hereytophobia is referred to - the fear of handcuffs, to show lack of happiness, or to suspicion in the suspension. Ereitophobia can be supravodzhuvatisya belligerent, so that you want to remember the snake of the color of exposure. Apparently on people there is a litter of complaisance, benignity, which is supervised by an internal skut, along with muzzles, tremors, hearts, drinkers, dryness in their mouths. Social phobia is generalized - a large folding psychopathological phenomenon, including the order of phobias, ideas of little value and sensitive ideas of vidnosini. Rozladi tsієї groups most often appear in the framework of the syndrome of scoptophobia [Ivanov S. V., 1994; Dosuzkov F. N., 1963]. Scoptophobia (Greek Scopto - zhartuvati, capkuvati; phobos - fear) - fear of being smart, signs of obvious inferiority appear on people. On the first plane, there is a problem with the cich, but it doesn’t see the reality, but rather the behavior (unique communication, contact with people). With an ostracism, there may be a statement about the hostile assessment by people of "wadi", which is attributed to those who are ill, and the interpretation of the behavior of those who disdain (angering smiles, deafening D.).

Specific (isolated) phobias- phobias, surrounded by a strictly singing situation - fear of hanging, tediousness, menace, domestic creatures, likuvannya at the dentist. Oskilki zitknennya with objects of fear superfluous to be intensely tricky, in cich vypadnya it is characteristic to pragnennya to їkh uniknennya.

Obsessive-compulsive problems,( obsessio, compulsio (lat.) - obsession ) as it is alarmingly phobic, it is widely expanded in the population.

widenessїх in the population starts with an indicator of 1.5-1.6% last month or 6 min.) or 2–3% Ailments with obsessive-compulsive distributions store 1% of all ailments, which can be recognized in psychiatric mortgages [Kaplan G. I., Sedok B. Dzh., 1994]. Such patients are most often promoted in PND or in psychiatric clinics. Part of їх in the cabinets of neuroses home polyclinics Of course, not quite [Smulevich B., Rotshtein V. G. et al., 1998].

Show clear. An ear of ear disease falls on adult and early adulthood. Manifestation of clinically rehabilitated manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorders of seizure on a vikovy interval 10 rocky - 24 rocky.

Obsessions rotate in the eyes of obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions, as we get sick as psychologically stranger, absurd and irrational. Obsessive thoughts - It’s hard, I’m thinking about the pose by the will of the idea, I’m drawing it, I’m in a stereotypical form, I know and I know to come to the senses of the sick and how to get back to stand. Compulsive diy - repeating the stereotypes of the children, in some way to the character of the old rituals. Remain on the mind of a zapobigannya be-like objectivally small podіy, not unbeatable for ailing or loved ones. Unimportant to the line of clinical manifestations, in a series of obsessive-compulsive disorders, one can see the strengthening of symptom complexes and the middle of them obsessive compulsion, contrasting obsession, obsessive fear of obstruction (infection).

When the complex of symptoms is overtaken by obtrusive people who are ill, perezliduyut unacceptable thoughts about the correctness of the poor or accepted decisions. The answer is to the smart: obtrusive by the beat of the fight (the door is closed, the number of the door is closed, the water supply is not enough, the gas is switched on, the electricity is switched on), the trouble is connected to the wrong service. inaccurate numbers, correctly formulated or in the order of the order). Hvoristovuyutsya vikoristovuyutsya development strategies for the quickest hour of repetitions. Rahunka rituals, a system of "good" and "bad" numbers, often develop at the link with the tsim. As a ritual, the phenomenon of rapt introspective views can appear. Compulsions in cich vipadkami are prynyajutsya deprived of the idea of ​​renewal of the internal vision of completeness by the act of rudder. It is also seen as a part of the rapt, as a perception of the type of health, as a bias, which had been absorbed earlier in the past.

Ridko at the height of the development of ailments of obsession reach the level of "mania of sumniviv" - folie du doute. The standard of the pacintіv is to begin with the obvious generalized troublesome summaries, to be carried to the completion of any ideational or motor act, to supervise all the problems in the "reversal" rituals.

contrasting intrusiveness("Aggressive obsessions", according to S. Rasmussen, J. L. Eisen, 1991) - blasphemous, bluesy thoughts, fear of loosing our minds. Psychopathological education of the group of groups is considered to be difficult to figurative obsessions because of how affectively weakened affective behavior and manifestations [Snezhnevsky A. V., 1983; Jaspers K., 1923]. They feel like they are alien, they are absolutely unmotivated to wickedness, and it is also not possible to have obtrusive stretches of those actions, which represent a folding system of traditional rituals and magical actions.

Hvorі of contrasting obsessions i skarzhatsya on nonexhaustive pragnennya Add your to schoyno pochutim replіk pevnі zakіnchennya, SSMSC nadayut Legend nepriєmny abo zagrozlivy Sens, povtoryuvati for otochuyuchimi, ale vzhe s vіdtіnkom іronії abo malice phrase relіgіynogo zmіstu, vikrikuvati tsinіchnі scho superechat Vlasna nastanovam i zagalnopriynyatoї moralі the words ; You can feel the fear of losing control over yourself and the young people who are not safe or blind people, auto-aggression inflicted on killing children. In the last drop of obsession, it is not easy to get along with phobias of objects (fear of ghostly objects - knives, forks, sokir and іn.). To a group of contrasting ones, there is a lot of obsession with sexual wickedness (obsession by the type of fence about perverted sexual acts, about which children, representatives of this state, creatures).

Obsessive ideas of obscurity (misophobia)... To the whole group of obsessions, it is not only the fear of obstruction (earth, saws, hay, feces and other sewage), ale and phobias of penetration into the organism of awkward and odd speeches, ), microorganisms, that is, phobias of extracorporeal contamination [Andryushchenko A. V., 1994; Ofremova M. D., 1998]. Among a number of people the fear of being difficult can be of a nature, becoming too small for a long time to reach a subclinical level, which is manifested only in certain peculiarities of a special state of affairs (a part of a state’s family, who’s a lot of people’s well-worn hands) "Taboo" on homemade things). This kind of monophobia is simply not infused into the quality of life and is appreciated by being able to feel like a sound (overwhelmed by goodness, overwhelming fluidity).

Clinically, the completion of the options for the misophobia is carried to a group of important obsessions, with which it is not often possible to know the cunning before the acceleration and guidance of the generalization [Zavidovskaya G. I., 1971]. On the first plan in the classical paintings, in the same vapors, one should step-by-step accelerate the “sterile” rituals: uncleanness to “unclean” objects, the processing of speeches, on which I could eat the brute, singing after the death of the people in the bathroom. Moving beyond the apartment boundaries is also furnished with a series of entrances: going to the street in the special room, maximally curving the clothes, special processing of worn speeches sent to home. At different stages of the affliction of the children, they are uniquely locked in a brood, or be like shkidlivy chants, not only do not go to the street, or do not go to the middle of the powerful room. In order to uncover those who are not safe in the plan of making contacts difficult and not allowing them to visit their closest relatives.

A type of neurosis, which is characteristic of obsessive thoughts (obsessions), often overflows into ritual events (compulsions) called obsessive-phobic syndrome. This type of distribution is fed to a liking. Ale skin patients go through the stages of treatment individually. Special features of therapy can only be indicated by additional information on the questionnaire and a number of analyzes.

describe the syndrome

The OFS is characterized not only by the recognition of obtrusive thoughts and ideas, pathological fears, ale and іх development. The patient himself is mindlessness of his own ideas, ale niyak can not fit into the symptoms of ailment on his own. When you appear, it is necessary to look at the treatment of a preschool psychotherapist with the help of a certainty.

The main reasons for the neuroses are the fears of a kind-hearted prodigality. For example, the fear of falling ill with important ailments (cardiophobia, carcinophobia, syphilophobia, CHIDophobia and іn.) Is overridden.

People with neurotic phobic habits do not get mad at the situation, they stink of a far-fetched problem: they do not complain about claustrophobia with an elevator, but suffer the agoraphobic uniqueness of the great buying of people. Rіdshe also ailing to manifest itself through the recognition of obtrusive thoughts, such as those who are ill, it is important to be bothered.

The dynamism of neuroses is formed in three stages:

• blame for fear in people only if they are afraid to be afraid;
• confession to fear during the Duma about the situation;
• the diagnosis of obsessive fear in the diagnosis of a mentally pathogenic mock (words tied from a phobia, an image, etc.).

A particular neurosis behind a vluchny vislov in children is a manifestation of panic attacks. The stench will provoke an attack of fear, as if it will supervise a backwardness, a second svidomostі, we will accelerate sertsebitty and іn.

Such ailments have a fear of repeated attacks, and the stench of a trip to the street without a support. Symptoms may be due to stress or stress. In psychiatric clinical signs, the disease manifests itself as a diencephalic syndrome. The development of neuroses can be a protracted character, which turns into a neurotic form of a sick person.

Signs that cause discord

To recover from psychological trauma, or to the trivial psychological discomfort. An ailment can be visualized by specific signs.

Decline the reasons for the diagnosis of this ailment:

• biology;
• psychology;
• socially-suspended.

Prior to biological reasons, the diagnosis of obsessive syndrome fahivtsi is attributed to the following factors:

• damage in the area of ​​the autonomic-nervous system;
• features of the function of electronic impulses in the brain;
• diseases in the robotic neurons, communication processes in the nerve cells of the brain;
• traumatic brain injury;
• infected with viral infections;
• spadkov's skill.

Prior to psychological and social-community reasons for nervous breakdowns, the following factors are considered:

• altogether psycho-traumatic family and social;
• special features of a strict aboriginal vikhovannya;
• the situation of stress in the homeland and in the world;
• the fear and the perception of anxiety through the experienced situation, as it really obstructed the life.

Show your panic fear of being able to win in some way due to the influence of society, or as a result of a special traumatic experience. For example, after glancing at the criminal news, the person can read the obtrusive thoughts about the attack of the villains.

It’s impossible to overcome such obsessions of people on their own, but I know to rob control rituals (to look back at the skin of crocs, turn over, when the doors are closed, etc.)

The more psychotherapeutic treatment of such ailments, the greater the chance of clearing the psyche of people from neurosis, which without the necessary treatment can transform into a paranoid syndrome.

Applying the lower criteria to help the recognition of the neurosis:

• post_yne vyniknennya obtrusive thoughts, d_y, yak_ viklikayut a troublesome camp;
• regularly confronting obtrusive images and thoughts in situations that do not convey them;
• parts of trying to ignore obsessive experiences and thoughts, replacing them with those, mixing them up on the ones that are not needed;
• obtrusive troubles do not conceal anything spilful from reality, people are tense, ale prodovzhu perebuvati in a restless camp;
• It’s very difficult to see that it’s not overwhelming for the singing of ritual events for the uniqueness of the experience of any kind of story, but Lyudin understands the illogicality of his actions.

As soon as you remember for yourself, for those close to you, you need psychiatric help in order to establish an accurate diagnosis and indicate a complex treatment of phobic neurosis.

lykuvannya ruinous

Anxiety, tied from a child with neuroses, can sometimes be found in absolutely healthy children and grown-ups. It is necessary to be respectful to one's own organism, so that you can quickly identify an ear of disease.

At the cob stages, you should be easier to overcome the ailment, but you are struggling with it. chronic manifestations... We are guilty about the analysis of the situation, which was associated with phobias of a steric character and іn. Symptoms of obsessional derailment, try to develop a strategy of your own behavior for a person who is ill.

Vivchit information about obsessive-compulsive syndrome. Read in detail about the causes of the illness. Determine the symptoms with your behavior by typing them on the arch paper. Nashkodili dermal vyavleny show a plan for the day. Tse will help you to fit in with repeated troublesome situations.

The evaluation from the side can help you to get back to the situation where you are leaning. Go to the doctor-fachivtsya more help to deal with the symptoms, to analyze the overwhelming illness and develop a strategic plan to get rid of the neurosis.

Marvel at phobias in the eyes. People who suffer from psycho-neurological problems, understand that their fears of vygadan and people only come true. Yak only winnie new bazhannya once again reconverted, closed doors, windows, etc., Just guess yourself, what a complete ritual and interrupt yourself at the stage of thinking. This method will help you to relieve the nerves, and be sure to assess the situation.

Praise yourself gradually. This method will make you feel positive. Rejoice the skin in the distance, cut on the way to the end. Praise yourself for small changes, and if you see that you will become strong and I will become obtrusive. Knowing control over the situation, you will be able to avoid symptoms of ailments.

If people have a lack of power will for the improvement of nerve symptoms, it is necessary to organize the need for a psychologist.

Methods of Psychology in Virus Problems

Have a successful psychology Denmark syndrome the best way to enjoy the way of conducting psychotherapeutic sessions. The medical arsenal includes a number of techniques for relieving such discomfiture.

The technique of congital-behavioral therapy for neurosis is the way of straightening the syndrome by reducing the compulsion to the smallest manifestations, and sometimes to the last symptoms.

The method of transferring a cover-up instruction, when a patient learns to understand his or her disdain, analyzes the cause of the diagnosis. Win to rob ridiculous crocs, for which to get rid of obsessive syndrome at all times.

The mastermind of the methodology center is the vision of psychiatrist Jeffrey Schwartz. For the additional help of this method, people see psychological trauma, stressful situations and persistent troubles. You will be stored from some crocs, as it will be possible to successfully settle in the psycho-neurological states of the modern psychologists of the world.

Joseph Wolpe's technique is based on the fact that a patient with a psycho-nervous disposition looks at the problem situation from the side. Hvory will be introduced to the memory of a stressful situation, and immediately when the obtrusive camp appears, the principle of zupinka dumka will be applied.

The patient will be asked to ask for food, which will help them to conduct a quick analysis of their behavior in stressful situations. The patient will take a picture of the analyzed situation and take a detailed look from the best angles. A practical methodology for the renewal of control over emotions and the visualization of anxious experiences.

The most sophisticated techniques for treating neurological conditions, ale only lykar vibiraє, yaku zastosuvati in a specific skin type.

fixing with medicines

The drops, if you use a medication method for treating obsessive-compulsive syndrome, are called important. The destruction of the process of exchange of words is injected into the functionality of neurons, and to produce unstable serotonin in the nerve cells.

For the renewal of patients, drugs are prescribed, which hope that serotonin is replenished by neurons. In the middle of the preparation, you can see a spout effective participation: "Fluvoxamin", "Ezopram", antidepressant tricyclic, "Paroxetine" andin.

A number of advances in the field of neurology have shown the therapeutic effect of such drugs: "Memantine", "riluzole", "Lamotrizhin", "Gabapentin", "N-acetylcysteine" andin.

In chronic forms of obsessive-compulsive syndrome, the patient should be prescribed atypical antipsychotic therapy. Subsequent to the medication method of treatment with psychotherapy in the course of the development of the child is effective, and the patient successfully undergoes the stage of treatment.

Psychoprophylaxis for relapses

There are many prophylactic methods for preventing relapses of obsessive-compulsive syndrome.

To recover from the syndrome, it is necessary:

• change the patient's appointment to stressful situations through the peculiarities of the conversation, the admonition, the self-admiration, etc.;
• zvertatisya to a lykarya when nastenna aggravated neuroses immediately and undergoes regular medical examination;
• to improve the quality of this light in the surroundings, to conduct lighting sessions; such a procedure to take viroblast of serotonin;
• zastosovuvati vіtamіnotherapy, strolls on a fresh meal, forgetting to sleep;
• to make sure that there is no need for food, including products, before the warehouse, which includes tryptophan: amino acids of the healthy serotonin, they are rich in finics, fat, black chocolate, dairy products;
• control over all the functions of the body, and in case of failure to engage in lectures; I especially respect the way the endocrine and heart-vascular systems come;
• viklyuchiti vzhivannya alcoholic beverages, Narcotic and toxic drugs.

Ten parts of the population of the world in this chi іnshіy world of suffering from the periodic attacks of the panika. And close to one hundreds of people flock to the regular episodes of anxiety and fear. Adequate experience is dependent on sub'active and does not seem to be obvious. The protection of life with anxiety-phobic discord is even more important, as I will strongly intertwine people in their widespread activity.

This is also tricky-phobic rozlad

From an anxious-phobic discord, there is a sense of pathology, for which the authorities attack an immodest anxiety, fear, restlessness, nervousness. The winners are tied up with the cob wickedness of the people. Rozlad is very important to spite among people who are fearful, distrustful, hateful, emotional, infuriating.

The first attack of fear is to be found in a reasonably not safe and alarming situation, if people have a reason for being nervous and experiencing. Influencing the specialties of the memory, those who have become and periodically rotate to the new in the dummy, repeatedly fix on the inappropriate views. A few of such "sessions" is a frenzied level of anxiety to move, and the primary situation is becoming a dreamer to fear.

ICD-10 vidіlya trivial-phobic roslady in category F40:

1. Agoraphobia (F40.0) - fear of open space and transfer to NATO. Lyudin will need to be transferred to a safe and comfortable place, where everything is ordered with special control. On the street, it’s not a matter of care, so agoraphobia is unique to the huge transport, strolls through the squares, to see the holy people. At the same level of fear, it is significant to decrease, as a person is on the verge of being at once from the kimos. Ailments are often socially maladjustable, as they are more likely to get out of the house.
2. Social phobias (F40.1) - phobias tied in fear to condemnation and criticism from the side of the desperate. It is a good idea to be afraid of appearing in public, to accept people in the presence of little-known people, to study with a protype article. It is important for the patient to skip on the skin, the tremulousness of the hands, the dryness in the mouth. Fear can be widespread in the singing situation, as well as in all the stages of the pose with a stake. Oskilki rozlad is intertwined with social activity, then the patient will appear in a day of isolation in a day.
3. Isolated / specific phobias (F40.2) - phobias, which are related to strictly meaningful situations. So it is itself that is a sign of a number of agile fears - pleasures, corystuvannya huge toilet, coma, temryavi, etc.

In case of anxiety-phobic discord, the fear of being surrounded by a singing situation (at the sight of a generalized anxiety breakdown, at any experience and inability to see it persistently and do not lie in the form of an infection.

Anxiety-phobic disorders: symptoms

Signs of anxiety-phobic problems appear when a person is drunk in a stressful situation. Most types of symptoms:

1. Unreasonable fear when stuck with an object of phobia.
2. Think and tell me about the negative approach in the past, and the thoughts are of an obtrusive nature.
3. Pragnennya be the best ways to avoid contact with an object that instills fear.
4. Rapt intensive thoughts about death, like supercharging the fire.
5. Preserving symptoms when the patient is assimilated by the patient's inefficiency.

In addition to psychological signs of pathology, you can become susceptible to being susceptible to being somatic. Naybіlsh yaskravo stench manifests itself, as soon as there is a lot of anxiety-phobic problems with panic attacks. The attack is characterized by:

• pochevonіnnya shkіri;
• keenness;
• tremor;
• tediousness of blues;
• zamorochennya;
• frontal stump, loss of svidomostі;
• pokolyuvannya and pain in every way;
• Seeing inconsistencies;
• A lump in the throat;
• pressure of the breast;
• rapt poziv until sechovipuskannya abo defecation;
• zaykannya, tremtinnya voice.

The stage of symptom swelling is found in a specific type. Until then, it’s not always common for people to show all the signs: beckon to be spared to deprive them of a bunch of them. Panichna attack in the middle of three years, fifteen khviliin, albeit for the patient, the big one is not out of it, but obtrusive help about her. Lyudin will cross over, this is a great situation that gives him extreme discomfort and makes him feel unique.

Factor that promotes the development of three-way-phobic rosters

Besides genetic schlichnosti, there are also a number of factors that can drive people out of the way. Among them:

1. It is chronic in volume, not being able to handle the robotic mode and not being able to fix it.
2. Parts of confusion and stress situations.
3. The malignancy of drugs, alcohol, nicotine, coffee and all kinds of toxicity.
4. Ailments of internal organs.

The home camp of the patient is obovyazkovo vrahovutsya before the signs of therapy. For a successful treatment, injecting additional factors is guilty, but it is brought to the minimum, in order to avoid a relapse.

Tricky-phobic disorders: detection of pathology

Therapy of anxiety-phobic problems is carried out under the supervision of a psychotherapist. Lіkuvannya transmission іs a complex pіdhіd, wіth allowing to shake off any manifestations of anxiety - both psychic and somatic. The emphasis during therapy is to play on the steps:

1. Psychotherapy, which includes cognitive-behavioral methods and psychoanalysis. If necessary, a specialist can fix a hypnosis or a suggestion.
2. Drug treatment, which can be used to treat tranquilizers, antidepressants, zaspokilivyh. Even more important is the accuracy of the selection of dosage and determination of the optimal triviality of therapy, and the chances of the presence of the presence of the drug.

In skin cases, it is necessary to develop a podia, as it became the reason for the development of anxiety-phobic rosters. Awareness of the "drive" for fears and experiences allowing the patient to more effectively deal with the problem. In the development of cognitive-behavioral therapy of a sick person, it is necessary to get rid of it with a sharpness and to prey on it. A whole sensible hypnotic method is designed, so that the stench allows for direct intrusion into people's minds and the fixation of new installations in a new setting, or does not give an understanding of the correct reason for the breakdown.

The forecast is very friendly. Good results are attainable not less than ten hundred children for saving the hour of the beating to the fakhivts. Avoiding symptoms of the disorder and the need for additional help to produce before the anxiety-phobic syndrome turns into a chronic form, as it is more likely to go to therapy.

Be-like rozladi, tied with a psychotic virtue, vimagayut the beast to a drug. All the possible pathologies may be powering up by the hour and adding new ills. That which will sooner be visited in the family, there will be a chance for success.

Oxford book of psychiatry Michael Gelder

Fobіchnі trivial rozladi

Phobic troublesome problems may occur, on the day, with the same symptoms, but generalized troublesome troubles, or symptoms that occur only in case of special circumstances. When there are some phobic dislocations of such furnishings, trochas, and ailments, for more than an hour, there are no troubles; in some of the problems of triviality, one is provoked by the obstacles, albeit here є the situation, for which there is no triviality. Two other signs characterize phobic problems: Lyudin unique obstavin, how to provoke a triviality, or vin vidchuva try to get over If, in the future, there is a vision of such surroundings. Furnish, how to provoke a triviality, include situations (for example, big people), "ob'ykti" (for example, pavuki) and natural phenomena (for example, gram). For clinical purposes, develop three principles of phobic syndrome: simple phobia, social phobia and agoraphobia. These syndromes will be described at a time, and there are fewer phobic syndromes that will be recognized in a wide range of distributions.

Unimportant to those syndromes widely recognized, phobic problems are classified in the ICD-10 and in the DSM-IIIR trochains. DSM-IIIR has three subgroups: simple phobia, social phobia and agoraphobia. However, ailments from agoraphobia, in some of the panic attacks more than a pre-set number (for some, there is one, but for what may be a month of persistent fear of any susceptible people who are attacked by one rubric),

JUST phobia

With this type of disagreement, the ailing winy has an inadequate anxiety when looking at a singing object, or in a singing situation, which is uncommon. In the presence of such an object, in such a situation, a number of troublesome symptoms (div.) Can take place. Pragnennya is unique among all kinds of different types of people who are stronger, and in more and less different ways, they are really unique. The prospect of building up with such an object to spend in such a situation wiklikє the triviality of the transfer; for example, Lyudin, be afraid of the storm, you can see a triviality, if the sky is covered with gloom. Simple phobias are often characterized by the name of the other person; for example, phobia of pavuk_v. Earlier, it was a common practice to develop such terms, such as arachnophobia (substitute for phobia of pavuces) or acrophobia (substitute for phobias). This practice is not є cinnamon.

Good for the assessments, for the admission of criteria for the DSM-IIIR criteria, for the grown-ups ailment simple phobias with a stretch of life become from 4 to 15% in men and from 9 to 26% in women (Robins et al. 1984).

Ethiology There are a lot of simple phobias for a grown-up life є for advanced childish phobias. In the children of simplicity, phobias are widely expanded (div. Vidpovidny pidrozdil in Chapter 20). Until the earliest years of age, the majority of such childish fears go through, but they do not get tired in the mature period of life. What for the first time to trim the very tsi phobias, it is unclear - how do not take the respect for the fact that the most powerful of the phobias are astonishingly and they are better than the others, it is not wonderful. Psychoanalytic explanations are also used to easily trim phobias tied not with an obvious teaser, but with a dash of triviality. For the price of the theory, the trivialities are not allowed to thee to the problems and to cling to the obvious object for the help of the substitution. Mensha is a part of simple phobias to fix up in a mature life in conjunction with over-the-top stressful experiences; for example, the phobia of horses can be victorious as a horse.

Differential diagnosis a simple phobic relationship is rarely complicated. It is necessary to remember about the possibility of a depressive breakdown, to be the basis of a phobia, and some people who are ill to be driven by a drive of trivial simple phobias, if, in the face of a depressive breakdown, they want to endure their symptoms.

forecast simple phobias in a grown-up life are not systematically grafted. It’s well-known classy admiration, simple phobias, how to move from a child to a grown-up period of life;

lykuvannyaє Exposure form of behavioral therapy (Div. Ch. 18).

Social phobia

With such a disorder, people come to an inadequately anxious camp in situations, if they are spared and may give rise to criticism. At the newest there is a tendency for such situations to be unique, but if you still have a problem with them, then I will not be drawn into them again; for example, it’s unique to join the rozmovu or sita tudi, de nimensh pomitniy. The triviality is also seen when there is an opportunity to eat in a similar situation, for example, when restaurants are opened, during the days and evenings, when they are present at seminars, when and when they are talking, when there is a need; There are reports and drops, if there is an insignificant inflow to be given to reticent caution (for example, signing a check with certificates). Symptoms are the same as with anxiety disorders; especially parts of skargi for farb People who suffer from social phobia are often stumbled by thoughts, but they are critically supported by them, wanting and understanding, as the thought is without thinking (Amies et al. 1983). Ailments for the relief of symptoms of anxiety take alcohol, and alcohol malignancy is broader in case of social phobias more, less in case of others.

Social phobias develop higher in the rural world among children and women. As a result of one situation, the result was that frequency The size of the population over a span of six months was close to 1-2% in men from 18 to 64 years old and close to 1-4% in women (Weissman, Merikangas 1986). Such a camp will initiate an initiative to develop at 17 and 30 rockies. The first episode of being seen in any huge mission without an obvious reason. In the same year, the triviality of the winery was in the analogous monasteries. Epizodi step by step grows all the more important, and the ailments are unique, such mismatches are all easy.

Differential diagnosis including generalization of anxiety disorders (differentiating according to the nature of situations, in some cases of anxiety), depressive disorder (differentiating for an additional condition of mental status) and schizophrenia. Ailments to schizophrenia can be a unique social situation through the persecutory madder; I know ailments from the social phobia, that they are so easy to think about those who are behind them, do not see the truth. Social phobia needs to be identified as a matter of particularity, characterized by a litter of affection and a sense of life in one's own life; the phobia has a clear ear and big short history getting sick. І, nareshty, next to conduct a review of social phobia and socially inadequate... Remaining by the first marriage of social navichok from the second trivial. This is not a phobic disorder, but a type of behavior, which can be observed in cases of specialness and schizophrenia, as well as in people with low intelligence. Up to this characteristic sign of lying down, stammering, unclear and unviolent manner of hanging, inadequate viraz of exposing and tin; such a lyudin beckon to introduce a look at the spy trader before the hour grows up (see Bryant et al. 1976 for more detailed information).

Ethiology social phobias є do not make it sound. A large number of social phobias are repaired with a rapt attack of triviality when the situation is so quiet that it becomes teasing for a phobia. It is logical to allow for the development of phobic symptoms to be seen as a result of two factors: the development of the mental reflex and pathological peculiarities of the target. The main peculiarity of the misery, the formation of social phobias, is called the “fear of negative assessment” - the overworld of triumph for the drive of possible criticism from the side of other people. Before the same missed distribution or to develop at once with him - it’s unprecedented, but in any case it’s alike, it’s just as much as I can and will give a phobic triviality. Social phobia call to repair in the end of puberty, if young people expand their social contacts and especially worry about those like the hostile stench celebrate on the sick. It is possible to develop social phobias especially often in quiet people, in those who are still very much affected; Protect facts for nutritional advice is not important. (Div. Proceedings by Amies et al. 1983.)

lykuvannya social phobia - tse cognitive behavioral therapy When someone is sick, they help him in a situation, how he wicks fear, and begins to control the tricky (Div. Ch. 18). The frequency of relapses due to such combined treatment lower, lower in vapors, if vicious is deprived of the exposure of the tied to the phobia situation (Butler et al. 1984).

anxiolytic drugs play an insignificant role in the development of social phobia. You can be victorious, so we can help you get sick with these social problems, as you can especially often start learning and knowing. Anxiolytics can also be used to relieve symptoms in a short hour before eliminating the effect of behavioral abuse. However, cognitive-behavioral therapy will not give an effect to the defect, especially those who have a social phobia associate with previously existing problems in special interrelations - psychotherapy can help.

An overview of social phobias can be found in Liebowitz et al. (1985).

agoraphobia

Клінічні signs

I feel sick to agoraphobia, if the stench is found at home, or in the middle of the day, or in situations where one cannot easily get out. With such circumstances, the symptoms, such as when there is any anxiety disorder (div.), Aly deyaki іnshі symptoms, such as depression, depersonalization and obsessive thoughts, with agoraphobia, they develop more often.

With agoraphobia two groups anxiety symptoms more turns, less with other types of phobic problems. Perche, more often attack panika, Winikayut either as a reaction to navkolishnі teasers, or spontaneously. In DSM-IIIR, with more and more panic attacks on the back of the battle, the fall is classified as a panic breakdown with agoraphobia; The reason for this tradition is to look at the bottom (div.). In a different way, people with illnesses often have agoraphobia troublesome thoughts about the ability to spend less testimony and less control over oneself.

Trivogue and unique provoke rіznі situations All sorts of stinks fall under one type of model. Buses go here and there, shops and department stores, as well as those missions, as you cannot leave the rape, without screwing up your respect, such as a crystal in a peruke or a place in the middle of a row in a concert hall. The world is progressing like ailments, there are more and more such situations, such as ailments are unique, as long as the stench in important vapors does not get more and more confined to their homes (syndrome of "home-tied home-helpers"). Variations of the model cycle develop to develop a lot of factors that can change symptoms. For example, there are more ailments to worry less, if they are a supervisor who is a companion to whom they rely on the stench, and who help them to find the presence of a child or a beloved dog. Such appearances can lead to the idea of ​​a hibny, which is not theatrical (isterically) behavior.

trippy transmission- widespread symptom. In important cases, such a triviality is victorious for a few years before, as a person is drunk in a terrible situation, you can accommodate the distress of a sick person and one who is injected into Oman, as I think it’s better for a general, and not fancy.

іnshі symptoms include depressive symptoms, depersonalization and obsessive thoughts. Depressive symptoms are widespread and are often the result of a lack of normal life, viciousness and uniqueness. We have been respected for an hour now that depersonalization for a group of agoraphobia for a specific reason. Thus, Roth (1959) described anxiety-phobic depersonalization syndromeі having started up, scho, it is possible, wіn є the result of striking the fringe parts of the brain. The idea was not approved by the year.

Children of the past meant the calls between agoraphobia and prolapse of the mitral valves. For example, Kantor et al. (1980) experienced, in 44% of women, who suffer from agoraphobia, there was a pathology. For more recent reports, they have not confirmed the number of visitors.

Ear and overbig Agoraphobia in some people is seen as an ear and an overload of phobic neuroses. Most of the populations have trouble fixing it at once for 20 rockies or between 20 and 30 rocks, if there is a more recent period of illness - between 30 and 40 rocks. In both types of vіk, in which the wine is ill, is older, lower than that, in which the simple phobias (childish) and social are repaired (the head rank of the young, for example, at once wrote 20 rockets; div.: Marks, Gelder 1966). Bilsh schilny to agoraphobia women (div. Dali); The first attack, as a rule, will see if there is an illness in the huge transport or to rob purchases in a large store. Znenatska, I don’t know why, I won’t come to the brink of an anxious camp, see the tedium and hurry up the heart. Vona hurriedly leaves the place of the day and goes to the house or to the lykarnya, deshvidko to come to the house. If, in a dozen hour, you will be in the same place, or if you are in an analogous place, I will know a trifle, and I will know how to come. Subsequent changes are repeated with a stretch of advancing times and months; the attack of the panic will be seen all in a large number of missions, and for the whole process of development there are unique names. Ridko can be known whether there is a serious stress, such as a mig bi without a reason for the first attack of a panic, if a person is ill and describe how a serious problem has changed his mind (for example, a turbot about a child's ailment); in some cases, the symptoms are not a bar for somatic sickness, or for canopy.

In the world of progress, I will become ill of agoraphobia more and more I will repair the beds from the person or those closest to them, who can help them from quiet children (for example, visiting shops), when they are provoked. Vimogi, who appear as a result of up to a person, often create a super-spike, even if there are serious friend problems in ailments, who suffer from agoraphobia, but are not often diagnosed, but not often in some people who have a stake (Buglass et al. 1977).

Differential diagnosis

It is necessary to recognize agoraphobia as generalized anxiety, social phobic, depressive and paranoid disorders. In case of a vicious DSM-IIIR fall, described here as agoraphobia, it is susceptible to a fall panichnom razlad(It is diagnosed as a panic disorder with agoraphobia) and without such (diagnosed as agoraphobia without a panic disorder in anamnesis).

ailment s generalization with a trippy breakdown I may see a triviality in huge monsters, but (at the sight of a sick agoraphobia) I cannot describe the situations, when there are trivialities in the daytime, and they do not have a characteristic of behavior. In important cases, it is important to conduct a review at the headquarters of the mental camp at the time of caution; correct diagnosis... Agoraphobia can be lost from social phobia, so as many ailments agoraphobia see a triviality in situations tied to huge lives, and deyaky ailments, who have a social phobia, are unique buvati in redesigned buses and shops. Call me to go to the center and twist the additional report to the character of the uniqueness in the current and dynamic development of the rosary. Agoraphobic symptoms can be diagnosed with depressive drinking, Aleksandr sent a history of the situation to the mental state and diagnosed the patient with a history of mental illness. It is even more important not to overlook the obvious depressive disposition, which overlapped on the long agoraphobic (about the licuvannya of divas. Nizhche). Inodi hvory z paranoid discord unique visit to the house and visit people in shops and other places. Here, there may be a superficial similarity to agoraphobia, altogether known, as well as the situation of the psyche, as well as the situation of the psychotic person, as well as the situation of the psychotic person.

Epidemiology

According to the estimates, which were taken out of the criteria of DSM-IIIR, the incidence of agoraphobia for six months in two districts of the New States was taken away by about 3%, in the third - close to 6%, and the capture of all for al. 1984; Weissman, Merikangas 1986). In all regions, the width of the middle of the women is twice as large, below the middle of the population. Agras et al. (1969) vyyavili, that the frequency of the population of the important form of agoraphobia, which will add to the loss of pracezdatnost, is approximately one in a thousand.

Ethiology

Ethiological theories of agoraphobia are guilty of explaining why the ears were hit by trivialities and why the stench is widening and easy to repeat. It is easy to see through two problems.

There are three explanations of cob attacks of triviality. good luck psychoanalytic hypotheses are transmitted to the manifestation of unacceptable mental conflicts, associated with unacceptable sexual or aggressive impulses. However, one of the testimonies to cinnamon is of the hypothesis of being grounded in psychoanalytic spivbies with the identified ailments. (For more details see Mathews et al. 1981.) cognitive Hypotheses are transmitted when the attack develops in people, such as insignificant somatic symptoms (for example, an accelerated heartbreak, it is wrong to think of it as a sign of an important heart disease). Unimportant to those who have such fears that ailments appear with a diagnosis of agoraphobia, it’s still unprecedented, because there’s a stench to develop, or a lot of it. zgidno biologically»Hypotheses are transmitted, if you attack the trivialities є as a result of the inability of normal galvanic mechanisms in the quiet areas of the brain, which control the triviality. Theory is to be discussed when looking at the panic distribution (div.).

The broadening and the strength of the reactions of the triviality can also be explained in a simple way. It is reasonable to let go, how great is the significance of the mechanisms of the present: conditional-reflex mechanisms can explain the sounds of the trivia in an ever-increasing number of situations, so that, as the case may be, there is a tendency to explain it further. I also want to be explained and to be logical, there is no proof that the process of agoraphobia is easier for the sick, but not for the sick, who suffer from panic attacks, but do not suffer from agoraphobia. specialty The sick can also be meaningful: the sick agoraphobia is often described as fallen and sickly. Such lack of self-reliance could have caused a history of hyperopia in a child's life, about how sick agoraphobic more often than not, control sub'kti. However, from such retrospective events, it is still unclear whether such fallowness was growing to the ear of agoraphobia (Div. Oglyad Mathews et al. 1981). Also Buglass et al. (1977) no evidence was found in the premorbid between ailments agoraphobic and control sub'ects, as well as for fear of separation and the highest indicators of fallowness. Visunuto pispuschennya, but also a victorious agoraphobia can take care of the existing family problems. However, in the result of continued success with good control, Buglass et al. (1977) no evidence has been found that patients with agoraphobia have more of the same problems than for control subjects. The results of the key precautions give the possibility of allowing for some symptoms to develop with hyperopia (hyperprotection) from the side of the other members of the family. However, this particularity does not appear in all types.

forecast

It has been revealed, but agoraphobia, how it tried to hold out one rock, it’s not enough to change for five rockets of false caution (Marks 1969). With chronic agoraphobia, there are often short episodes of depressive symptoms.

lykuvannya

at cob stage ailing ailments slid gently zohochuvati before turning in the situation, which smell is unique, so as unique nayvirogidnishe prodovzhuzh. Likuvannyam Vibor є one of the forms behavioral therapy, When a patient is a child, they give a situation, they wick a phobia (the method of exposure), and begin to cope with panic attacks (Div. Ch. 18). In the case of situations in which they were exposed, without the need to start, the same results were given again, including the reduction of the last years of the construction, including the reduction in the behavior of the unique, as well as the reduction of the attackers, and so on. However, most ailments continue to feel mildly tricky in quiet situations where there are a number of symptoms that are very important (Mathews et al. 1981). The prognosis for such a treatment is more beautiful for quiet ailments, for those who have good friends before the cob of therapy (Monteiro et al. 1985).

Likki play a secondary role in relation to behavioral therapy. anxiolytic drugs then give it only for a short hour and only with a special note - for example, help the sick person to take on an important right before giving it to behavioral therapy. antidepressant may be known for the treatment of suppressive depressive syndrome (div. visce in pidrozdili "prognosis"). For the occasional deeds, the aim of trying to curb the therapeutic effect in the case of ill-gotten sickness, since they do not suffer from depression (div. However, Marks et al. (1983) did not reveal the manifestation of a therapeutic action to imipramin in cases of illnesses who do not survive in the depression. IMAO(Div. Ch. 17) also, judging from occasionally, alleviate the symptoms of agoraphobia (Sargant, Dally 1962). In case of elimination of agoraphobia, the temporal frequency of relapses tends to increase, as well as to admit it with imipramin (Zitrin et al. 1983) or MAOI (Tyrer, Steinberg 1975), to see if there is a miscarriage.

ІНШІ Phobіchnі Rozladi

While the main systems of classification are not seen okry in the current system, it’s all the same to reach significant interest, but they will be displayed here. They have the following phobias:

(I) Fear of tooth poisoning

Nearly 5% of grown-up people feel fear of a toothbrush cruise, which can be so strong that it is a unique dentist who has a history of developing caries (Gale, Achne. 1969; Kle.

(II) Phobia of excretion

Ailments, who suffer from such phobias, because they are unnerving and cannot be bothered to urinate themselves in the huge absorbed, or see parts of the positive before the next day, tied up with the constant fear of not being crushed. Such ailments will often be so much of their life that they do not wander far into the toilet. There are similar symptoms that are associated with defecation.

(III) Fear of blues

Children who are ailing are afraid that they can have blues in huge places, such as a bus or a train; in such mіstyah stench see triviality and tediousness. The mensha group of ailments is aware of the fear of the fact that the blues in the chicks of the people are common.

(IV) Phobia of poloties

Triviality for an hour is more expensive with a little bit, very, wider phenomenon. Ale the fear of people is very strong, but Aviapolyoti for them becomes ill-humored, and the stench will require a drink. In some cases, such a fear of winners is among those who were involved in a plane crash.

(V) Fear of the open space

With the whole syndrome described by Marks (1981), the central familiar is the fear of falling in, how to get out of the way without the middle support. This phobia is especially manifested on in the open spaces... In her and agoraphobic є similarity, she grows more (middle age - 55 years), rarely supervises a three-legged or depressed, does not seem to behave like a seropressive neuropathologist who is often a sufferer

(Vi) Phobia of ailments

Phobia of ailments is tied with obsessive thoughts, lower with other phobic problems. An ailing person repeatedly comes up with lukewarm thoughts about those who might have cancer, venereal disease, or something like a serious ailment. Such fear can be associated with unique people who are not specific for situations.

Panichny rozlad

If I want to diagnose a panic distribution before the introduction of it in DSM-IIIR in 1980, it didn’t get stuck, but it doesn’t get stuck, but it’s going to go to the heading, for more than a hundred years it was described by different names. The main familiarity is the attack of the panicky, i.e., the Raptov attack the triviality, when somatic symptoms dominate, which is supported by fear serious heritage, Such, for example, yak heart attack. Previously, such symptoms were brought to a sore heart, Ta Bone syndrome, neurocirculatory asthenia, heart failure and Zusille syndrome. Siginally from the cimi, having snubbed the earlier announcements, it was admitted that the ailments were mali races, to be afraid of the heart's worth. For the most part, the author's actions allowed psychological reasons But if I didn’t write a cob of Other light wines (if I renewed my interest until I’m stunned) Wood (1941) showed differently, as well, the shape of a tricky distribution. From quiet period until 1980, the fate of ailments with panic attacks was classified as ailment or generalized, or phobic, anxiety-ridden. In 1980, the author's DSM-IIIR introduced a new diagnostic category - panic distribution; Vona hunted the ailments with panic attacks, but they blamed for the generalized trivial, or without her, she was quiet, who attacked the panics was a stretch of agoraphobia. In the DSM-IIIR, all ailments with frequent attacks by panicks have become clasified as such, as a panic disorder, nevertheless due to the obviousness of their agoraphobia. (Agoraphobia without panic attacks should be included in the okrem heading.) The ICD-9 category of panic did not have a lot, but it appeared in the ICD-10, but (as per DSM-IIIR) it will not stagnate until the sickly agoraphobic. If I want to describe the panic distribution in the whole of the bottom, it will be brought up to the last picture of a larger group, it is also possible to store it and it is wider.

Клінічні signs

Symptoms of panic attack pererahovani in the table. 7.2. Not a skin ailment є all symptoms. (To establish the diagnosis of a panic disorder, DSM-IIIR should show at least as many symptoms as possible in one panic attack.) characteristic signs panic attacks є those who are trivial vynikє shvidko, reaction is important; the presence of fear of a catastrophic result. For DSM-IIIR, a diagnosis is made if the panic attacks are unsuccessful (that is, it is not like a reaction to any phobic mockers), and if, by holding out, some of the suspects are encountered, or more attacks, perhaps after one more attack. Slid signify the good character of the cich criteria.

Table 7.2. Panic attack symptoms (according to DSM-IIIR)

Asking and seeing the instability

Strengthening the heart rate and increasing the frequency of the heart is very fast

Discomfort abo b_l in the chest

passion

Zapamorochennya, as a result of non-performance or an uncomfortable camp

Nudota or inappropriate vision in the abdominal area (abdominal discomfort)

Depersonalization or derealization

Onіміння abo vіdchuttya pokolyuvannya

Warm up your blood or chills

Fear of death

The fear of going out of the rosum, or the fear of being out of control

Differential diagnosis

The panic attack is caused by generalized troublesome breakdowns, phobic troublesome breakdowns (most often agoraphobia), depressive breakdowns and gostrich organic distributions. For DSM-IIIR, a panic disorder can be diagnosed with the presence of such problems, or, in the Received Kingdom, it is not possible to diagnose a panic disorder with the appearance of such problems.

Epidemiology

Not so long ago, epіdemiological preliminaries were carried out based on criteria similar to those found in DSM-IIIR, and they hunted the attacks with repeated attacks by the panics, just because they were guided by the stench agoraphobia. At the present time, the six-month incidence rate of sickness is about 6-10 per 1000 population (Von Korff et al. 1985); The incidence of sickness in the field of life is approximately from 7 to 20 per 1000 individuals in the population from 18 to 65 years (Robins et al. 1984). In the middle of women, there is a lot of sickness in the middle of the night. Von Korff et al. (1985) also fueled a six-month indicator of panic attacks, whether bully were light or backward, to meet the criteria for panic distribution; there are close to 30 to 1000. There is a sharp response to panic attacks, which is not considered as a criterion for panic attacks, it was not indicated; sooner you can talk about the uninterrupted collation of the frequency and intensity. (For a look, see Weissman, Merikangas 1986.)

Ethiology

There are three main hypotheses for the panic distribution. The first from them is the transmission of biochemical damage, the other is the manifestation of hyperventilation, and the third is the destruction of cognitive processes. The skin is shortly discernible from the number of hypotheses on the way. (For a report of the discussion, see Gelder 1986b.)

biochemical hypothesis is rendered in the term "endogenous trivoga", which is a proponent for such types. This hypothesis is based on three groups of caution. In the first place, it’s like chemistry, like sodium lactate and iochimbin, it can be easier to provoke a panic attack in ailments with a panic razlad, not in healthy people... In another way, іmіpramіn change to attack the panika. Thirdly, according to deyakim tribute, panic discord is more often than not among the relatives of probands to cymbals, which transfer the manifestation of genetic schilliness (Crowe et al. 1983). The results of the last few twins will prove to be a good hypothesis, but the number of twins is not enough, but you can come before the singing day. Dany of the last few twins can be less likely to use those who are very important for the troubles (with the attacks of the panika), they may be genetically very tight, but they do not have more easy steps, - a model that has been brought up by the anxiety

Bulo visually implicated about the manifestation of a specific biochemical mechanism, and the very inadequate function of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors, which, in the norm, suppress the activity of the presynaptic neuron in noradrenergic synapses. If you want a hypothesis, you can explain the iohimbin's role in the provocative attacks of the panika (Charney et al. 1984), and you could explain therapeutic action imipramine, it’s still not firmly delivered. Withering, unwittingly, the sick with panic breakdown has a pathological reaction to such drugs, like iochimbin, before, as the panic attacked for the first time.

Hypothesis about hyperventilation It is based on the caution that some people often experience symptoms similar to those of a panic attack (Hibbert 1984b). The hypothesis is postulate that "spontaneous" attacks are the result of mimic hyperventilation. However, I want the panic attack to win in case of hyperventilation, or to be stricken with it, as long as it is not reported, what hyperventilation є behind-the-scenes reason panichesky distribution.

cognitive hypothesis It is based on offensive caution: fears of driving a serious somatic abnormal psychotic illness are often found in sick people with panic attacks, but not in sick people who suffer from anxiety disorder without panic attacks (Hibbert 1984a). The hypothesis of a polyagin is that, in the panic razladі nagnіtana yde "spiralі": the anxiety to bring to somatic symptoms, like, in his own devil, to cope with the fear of getting sick and trivial (Clark 1986). While caution allows you to let it go, but cognitive therapy is guilty of giving a positive effect when dealing with sick people with panic problems (div.

Overbig i forecast

About the relocation and forecasts of panic problems in a variety of ways. The follow-up preliminaries of the rest of the rock mainly included the attacks of the ailments with the attacks of the panika and the agoraphobia, as well as the ailments with the panic breakdown. In the past, the following categories were carried out in the past. As a result of one recent syndrome, it was revealed that in 90% of patients, symptoms continue to persist after 20 years, hoping for a good social outcome in more patients (Wheeler et al. 1950). For those who were ill with a panic disorder (diagnosed as before the DSM-IIIR criteria), they showed that, in the middle of them, the mortality rate was due to other causes, not natural, as well as (mid-mid-1982) in the middle of the midwives.

lykuvannya

In addition to adaptable visits and respect for any causal special or social problems, the use of polyagus in medication or cognitive therapy.

benzodiazepini in zagalny it is not so effective in case of ailments with frequent attacks of a panika, as in case of generalized trivialities. It will remain for an hour especially effective with the potent drug alprazolam. However, as a result of one pre-treatment, when a vicious dose was taken, it was found that alprazolam was not effective in reducing the frequency and severity of panic attacks, but not for diazepam (Dunner et al. 1986). Klein (1964) becoming the first antidepressant imipramin for lіkuvannya ailments with attacks panika. Often the first taste of a drug for ailments є inadvertently anxiety, sleeplessness and symptoms of altered sympathotony, for example, accelerated sertsebit. There are not many doses to the spatula. It is worthwhile to take 10 mg per day in a single scheme for three days, increase the dose for 10 mg of skin three days up to 50 mg per day, and then for 25 mg per day up to 150 mg per day. As long as the symptoms are not known, it is possible to increase the dose of 25 mg, increasing it to a maximum of 175-225 mg per day in the presence of a sick person and for thinking that it is physically healthy. First of all, it should be noted that the dose is high, with the least amount of heart function, the development of the EKG. I will increase the dose for the period from three to six months. In ailments, in some of the panic attacks, they were supressed with phobias, with the use of imipramine, the recurrence rate reached 30% (Zitrin et al. 1978). Additional information on the intake of imipramine and other tricyclic drugs can be found in Chapter 17.

To reduce the fear of zoomed-in somatic symptoms, like, how to transfer, I will continue to deal with, the method will stop for an hour cognitive therapy... Call a sick person to be afraid, so that you hurry up your heart in case of an inevitable heart attack, and if you screw it up - on the loss of sacrifice. In the process of therapy, the symptoms are affected by the ailment themselves - hyperventilation, and in some other ways, such as physical right. At the same time, I must explain that the nature of the symptoms of a panic attack is also not tied to some kind of obvious somatic distribution. With such a demonstration going further away from the clarification of nature, the fear of symptoms is victorious, and it is ailing about those who are alone. As a result of uncontrolled monitoring of a certain type of treatment, there was an increase in symptom relief (div., Napryklad, Clark et al. 1985), but in order to make a fair assessment of its effectiveness, the need for control of symptoms.

Transcultural aspects of three-way problems

Corot(Koro) Sposter on the middle of the people of Pivdenno-Western Asia, often the middle of the Chinese. Guangzhou (residents of Canton) is called tsei stan Suk-Yeong, which means "penny crunch"; ailments come to an attack of a state of anxiety (which can be from 30 hvili up to one or two days), if there are some wines, you will get a quick heart rate, you have less perspiration, pericardial discomfort and tremor. At the same hour of passing, the first member will be pressed into life, and if the process is completed, it will die. Most attacks occur at night, sometimes due to statistic activity. Deyakі ailments tie penіs until chogos, sometimes ask іnshu lyudinu trimati yogo. Such a change is not a looming, ale nagadu is a change of ailments - inhabitants of the lands. When you enter, the panika will attack in that, your heart will be hurt, and as a result, you will die. (For more detailed information about the box, see Robot Yap 1965.)

In other cultures, it is not so extreme to manifest anxiety disorders, with which symptoms are often somatic, less psychotic. Leff (1981) said that there is such a difference in symptomatology in response to variations in the vocabulary warehouse of vocabulary, intended to describe the anxiety in general movements. So, in the actions of the peoples of Africa, Asia and American Indians, there is no word "trivoga" - instead of a new victorious viraz, which means tіlesne vіdchuttya. For example, in the language of the Yoruba (Zakhidna and Pivdenno-Zakhidna Nigeriya), the analogous viraz is changed like this: "the heart is not in peace."